Journal articles on the topic 'Biomimetic surface design'
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Marimuthu, Siva, Samer Al-Rabeei, and Hithim Ahmed Boha. "Three-Dimensional Analysis of Biomimetic Aerofoil in Transonic Flow." Biomimetics 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7010020.
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Since the invention of the aircraft, there has been a need for better surface design to enhance performance. This thirst has driven many aerodynamicists to develop various types of aerofoils. Most researchers have strongly assumed that smooth surfaces would be more suitable for air transport vehicles. This ideology was shattered into pieces when biomimetics was introduced. Biomimetics emphasized the roughness of a surface instead of smoothness in a fluid flow regime. In this research, the most popular 0012 aerofoils of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) are considered to improve them, with the help of a surface pattern derived from the biological environment. Original and biomimetic aerofoils were designed in three dimensions with the help of Solidworks software and analyzed in the computational flow domain using the commercial code ANSYS Fluent. The implemented biomimetic rough surface pattern upgraded the NACA 0012 aerofoil design in the transonic flow regime. Lift and viscous forces of the aerofoil improved up to 5.41% and 9.98%, respectively. This research has proved that a surface with a little roughness is better than a smooth surface.
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Bhasin, Devesh, and Daniel McAdams. "The Characterization of Biological Organization, Abstraction, and Novelty in Biomimetic Design." Designs 2, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040054.
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Through billions of years of evolution, a latent record of successful and failed design practices has developed in nature. The endeavors to exploit this record have resulted in numerous successful products in various fields of engineering, including, but not limited to, networking, propulsion, surface engineering, and robotics. In this work, a study of existing biomimetic designs has been carried out by categorizing the designs according to the biological organizational level, the abstraction level, and a novelty measure. The criterion of novelty has been used as a partial measure of the quality of bio-inspired and biomimetic designs already introduced, or ready to be introduced to the market. Through this review and categorization, we recognize patterns in existing biomimetic and bio-inspired products by analyzing their cross-categorical distribution. Using the distribution, we identify the categories which yield novel bio-inspired designs. We also examine the distribution to identify less explored areas of bio-inspired design. Additionally, this study is a step forward in aiding the practitioners of biomimetics in identifying the categories which yield the highest novelty products in their area of interest.
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Mohammed S., Selim. "Superhydrophobic Self-cleaning Surfaces in Nature." Nanoarchitectonics 1, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/nat.112020121.26-37.
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A global interest was awarded to study the natural superhydrophobic surfaces since the description of the Lotus Effect by Barthlott and Neinhuis in 1997. Natural biomimetic surface merits of micro/nano-roughness, water contact ˃ 150°, sliding angles ˂10°, and minimized free-energy characteristics would motivate the dynamic fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. This critical review introduces an architectural panorama of numerous structural designs of natural superhydrophobic surfaces. Also, it discussed the fundamentals of self-cleaning and wetting theories to develop superhydrophobic structures. This progress review concentrates on superhydrophobic materials' applications for self-cleaning marine antifouling surfaces. It introduced an in-depth understanding of the structural design-superhydrophobic property relationship of the natural nano-wettable surfaces. It is technically first to shed light on the inner basics and platform for surface non-wettability and facilitates the way for design biomimetic self-cleaning antifouling surfaces.
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Han, Zhi Wu, Ming Kang Yang, Wei Yin, and Jun Qiu Zhang. "Biomimetic Design and Manufacturing of Anti-Erosion Functional Surfaces Inspired from Desert Scorpion." Advances in Science and Technology 100 (October 2016): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.100.187.
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Sand erosion is a phenomenon that solid particles impinging to a wall cause serious mechanical damages to its surface. It's tough to be a machine in the desert: particles of dirt and sand work their way into moving parts, where they abrade helicopter propellers, airplane rotor blades, pipes and other equipments. However, the desert scorpion (Androctonus australis) live their entire lives subjected to blowing sand, yet they never appear to be eroded. In this study, the anti–erosion characteristic rules of the scorpion surfaces under aerodynamics effect of gas/solid mixed media were studied. Biomimetic linear–cutted surfaces consisting of an array of three types of grooves, square–type, V–type and U–type, were designed and investigated to quantify their erosion wear resistance properties. A smooth surface sample was fabricated for comparison. The ANSYS-Fluent simulation of biomimetic models showed that the V-type groove sample, inspired by the desert organism's surface with different morphologies, exhibited the best erosion resistance. It also indicated the anti-erosion property of biomimetic samples could be attributed to the rotating flow in the grooves that reduces the impact speed of particles. The synchronized erosion test confirmed the conclusions. Furthermore, an application exploring of bionic blades on a centrifugal fan was conducted. The blades with optimum parameters could effectively improve anti-erosion property by 29%. We envision that more opportunities for biomimetic application in improving the anti–erosion performance of parts that work under dirt and sand particle environment will be proposed.
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Wong, F. Y. M., and M. S. Mak. "A Study to Compare the Fouling Resistance and Self-cleaning Properties of Two-patterned Surfaces with an Un-patterned Control Surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012015.
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Abstract Biofouling is an unwelcomed phenomenon where unwanted biological matter adheres to surfaces with the presence of water, resulting in alteration to the properties of the surface. This affects many industries, especially the marine industry. Multiple biofouling control studies have been conducted to minimize damage and maintenance cost of these surfaces. With rising concerns on the toxicity of current control methods towards the environment, non-toxic methods shown to be effective are surface modifications such as self-cleaning or biomimetic textured surfaces. One of the biomimetic surfaces, shark’s skin has shown anti-fouling properties due to its surface riblets with low drag properties based on studies done. However, few researches are conducted to implement these biomimetic surface topographies for real anti-fouling applications. Therefore, this project explores the possibilities in implementing biomimetic surface topographies such as shark’s skin in real life applications using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and also to manufacture these surfaces using 3D printing methods. A computer-aided design (CAD) model of shark skin and un-patterned surface topographies are used to study the behavior of fluid over these surfaces in CFD fluent in ANSYS software. The hydrodynamic variable data such as wall shear stress over the surface topography is represented in a contour and vector plot, these results are then analyzed. According to the hypotheses, the biomimetic shark skin surface topography will show higher wall shear stress, indicating anti-fouling properties. In the next part of this project is the manufacturing of these surface, the goal is to provide a cheaper alternative to current micro-structured surface production methods such as photolithography. Additive manufacturing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing can potentially provide a manufacturing method with a much lower cost and time needed. Thus, 3D printing of the biomimetic shark skin surface topography will be carried out in this project to determine if FDM can provide a manufacturing solution to anti-fouling micro-topography surfaces.
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Glassmaker, N. J., A. Jagota, C. Y. Hui, and J. Kim. "Design of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 1. Making contact." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2004): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2004.0004.
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This paper explores the contact behaviour of simple fibrillar interfaces designed to mimic natural contact surfaces in lizards and insects. A simple model of bending and buckling of fibrils shows that such a structure can enhance compliance considerably. Contact experiments on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) fibrils confirm the model predictions. Although buckling increases compliance, it also reduces adhesion by breaking contact between fibril ends and the substrate. Also, while slender fibrils are preferred from the viewpoint of enhanced compliance, their lateral collapse under the action of surface forces limits the aspect ratio achievable. We have developed a quantitative model to understand this phenomenon, which is shown to be in good agreement with experiments.
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Wisdom, Cate, Sarah Kay VanOosten, Kyle W. Boone, Dmytro Khvostenko, Paul M. Arnold, Malcolm L. Snead, and Candan Tamerler. "Controlling the Biomimetic Implant Interface: Modulating Antimicrobial Activity by Spacer Design." Journal of Molecular and Engineering Materials 04, no. 01 (March 2016): 1640005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2251237316400050.
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Surgical site infection is a common cause of post-operative morbidity, often leading to implant loosening, ultimately requiring revision surgery, increased costs and worse surgical outcomes. Since implant failure starts at the implant surface, creating and controlling the bio-material interface will play a critical role in reducing infection while improving host cell-to-implant interaction. Here, we engineered a biomimetic interface based upon a chimeric peptide that incorporates a titanium binding peptide (TiBP) with an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) into a single molecule to direct binding to the implant surface and deliver an antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and S. epidermidis, two bacteria which are linked with clinical implant infections. To optimize antimicrobial activity, we investigated the design of the spacer domain separating the two functional domains of the chimeric peptide. Lengthening and changing the amino acid composition of the spacer resulted in an improvement of minimum inhibitory concentration by a three-fold against S. mutans. Surfaces coated with the chimeric peptide reduced dramatically the number of bacteria, with up to a nine-fold reduction for S. mutans and a 48-fold reduction for S. epidermidis. Ab initio predictions of antimicrobial activity based on structural features were confirmed. Host cell attachment and viability at the biomimetic interface were also improved compared to the untreated implant surface. Biomimetic interfaces formed with this chimeric peptide offer interminable potential by coupling antimicrobial and improved host cell responses to implantable titanium materials, and this peptide based approach can be extended to various biomaterials surfaces.
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Hasan, Md Syam, and Michael Nosonovsky. "Lotus Effect and Friction: Does Nonsticky Mean Slippery?" Biomimetics 5, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5020028.
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Lotus-effect-based superhydrophobicity is one of the most celebrated applications of biomimetics in materials science. Due to a combination of controlled surface roughness (surface patterns) and low-surface energy coatings, superhydrophobic surfaces repel water and, to some extent, other liquids. However, many applications require surfaces which are water-repellent but provide high friction. An example would be highway or runway pavements, which should support high wheel–pavement traction. Despite a common perception that making a surface non-wet also makes it slippery, the correlation between non-wetting and low friction is not always direct. This is because friction and wetting involve many mechanisms and because adhesion cannot be characterized by a single factor. We review relevant adhesion mechanisms and parameters (the interfacial energy, contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, and specific fracture energy) and discuss the complex interrelation between friction and wetting, which is crucial for the design of biomimetic functional surfaces.
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Nowak, M. "Improved aeroelastic design through structural optimization." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 60, no. 2 (October 1, 2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10175-012-0031-8.
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Abstract. The paper presents the idea of coupled multiphysics computations. It shows the concept and presents some preliminary results of static coupling of structural and fluid flow codes as well as biomimetic structural optimization. The model for the biomimetic optimization procedure was the biological phenomenon of trabecular bone functional adaptation. Thus, the presented structural bio-inspired optimization system is based on the principle of constant strain energy density on the surface of the structure. When the aeroelastic reactions are considered, such approach allows fulfilling the mechanical theorem for the stiffest design, comprising the optimizations of size, shape and topology of the internal structure of the wing.
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Uchiyama, Yuta, Eduardo Blanco, and Ryo Kohsaka. "Application of Biomimetics to Architectural and Urban Design: A Review across Scales." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 9813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239813.
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Application of biomimetics has expanded progressively to other fields in recent years, including urban and architectural design, scaling up from materials to a larger scale. Besides its contribution to design and functionality through a long evolutionary process, the philosophy of biomimetics contributes to a sustainable society at the conceptual level. The aim of this review is to shed light on trends in the application of biomimetics to architectural and urban design, in order to identify potential issues and successes resulting from implementation. In the application of biomimetics to architectural design, parts of individual “organisms”, including their form and surface structure, are frequently mimicked, whereas in urban design, on a larger scale, biomimetics is applied to mimic whole ecosystems. The overall trends of the reviewed research indicate future research necessity in the field of on biomimetic application in architectural and urban design, including Biophilia and Material. As for the scale of the applications, the urban-scale research is limited and it is a promising research which can facilitate the social implementation of biomimetics. As for facilitating methods of applications, it is instrumental to utilize different types of knowledge, such as traditional knowledge, and providing scientific clarification of functions and systems based on reviews. Thus, interdisciplinary research is required additionally to reach such goals.
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Günther, Fabian, Markus Wagner, Stefan Pilz, Annett Gebert, and Martina Zimmermann. "Design procedure for triply periodic minimal surface based biomimetic scaffolds." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 126 (February 2022): 104871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104871.
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Semak, Vladislav, Michael B. Fischer, and Viktoria Weber. "Biomimetic Principles to Develop Blood Compatible Surfaces." International Journal of Artificial Organs 40, no. 1 (January 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ijao.5000559.
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Functionalized biomaterial surface patterns capable of resisting nonspecific adsorption while retaining their bioactivity are crucial in the advancement of biomedical technologies, but currently available biomaterials intended for use in whole blood frequently suffer from nonspecific adsorption of proteins and cells, leading to a loss of activity over time. In this review, we address two concepts for the design and modification of blood compatible biomaterial surfaces, zwitterionic modification and surface functionalization with glycans – both of which are inspired by the membrane structure of mammalian cells – and discuss their potential for biomedical applications.
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Sivkova, Radoslava, Johanka Táborská, Alain Reparaz, Andres de los Santos Pereira, Ilya Kotelnikov, Vladimir Proks, Jan Kučka, Jan Svoboda, Tomáš Riedel, and Ognen Pop-Georgievski. "Surface Design of Antifouling Vascular Constructs Bearing Biofunctional Peptides for Tissue Regeneration Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186800.
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Antifouling polymer layers containing extracellular matrix-derived peptide motifs offer promising new options for biomimetic surface engineering. In this contribution, we report the design of antifouling vascular grafts bearing biofunctional peptide motifs for tissue regeneration applications based on hierarchical polymer brushes. Hierarchical diblock poly(methyl ether oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate-block-glycidyl methacrylate) brushes bearing azide groups (poly(MeOEGMA-block-GMA-N3)) were grown by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and functionalized with biomimetic RGD peptide sequences. Varying the conditions of copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide “click” reaction allowed for the immobilization of RGD peptides in a wide surface concentration range. The synthesized hierarchical polymer brushes bearing peptide motifs were characterized in detail using various surface sensitive physicochemical methods. The hierarchical brushes presenting the RGD sequences provided excellent cell adhesion properties and at the same time remained resistant to fouling from blood plasma. The synthesis of anti-fouling hierarchical brushes bearing 1.2 × 103 nmol/cm2 RGD biomimetic sequences has been adapted for the surface modification of commercially available grafts of woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers. The fiber mesh was endowed with polymerization initiator groups via aminolysis and acylation reactions optimized for the material. The obtained bioactive antifouling vascular grafts promoted the specific adhesion and growth of endothelial cells, thus providing a potential avenue for endothelialization of artificial conduits.
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Huang, Ying, and Shao Ni Sun. "Simulation on Wear-Resisting of Biomimetic Brake Disc/Pad Coupling System." Advanced Materials Research 1061-1062 (December 2014): 601–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1061-1062.601.
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Based on design dimensions for particular concaves distributed non-smooth surface, the biomimetic brake disc/pad coupling system model is established, and the wear resistant performance of biomimetic non-smooth surface brake disc/pad coupling system is simulated using finite element analysis, then compared with analysis result of smooth model. Result shows the Von Mises stress of biomimetic non-smooth sample is less than that of smooth sample, and the concaves improve the contact stress distribution in the contact area of brake disk and brake pad. Analysis results show that wear resistant performance of biomimetic non-smooth sample is better than that of smooth specimen.
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Chen, Zhidong, Xu Chen, Juyang Huang, Junqing Wang, and Zhe Wang. "Harnessing Protein Corona for Biomimetic Nanomedicine Design." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030126.
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Nanoparticles (NPs) are usually treated as multifunctional agents combining several therapeutical applications, like imaging and targeting delivery. However, clinical translation is still largely hindered by several factors, and the rapidly formed protein corona on the surface of NPs is one of them. The formation of protein corona is complicated and irreversible in the biological environment, and protein corona will redefine the “biological identity” of NPs, which will alter the following biological events and therapeutic efficacy. Current understanding of protein corona is still limited and incomplete, and in many cases, protein corona has adverse impacts on nanomedicine, for instance, losing targeting ability, activating the immune response, and rapid clearance. Due to the considerable role of protein corona in NPs’ biological fate, harnessing protein corona to achieve some therapeutic effects through various methods like biomimetic approaches is now treated as a promising way to meet the current challenges in nanomedicine such as poor pharmacokinetic properties, off-target effect, and immunogenicity. This review will first introduce the current understanding of protein corona and summarize the investigation process and technologies. Second, the strategies of harnessing protein corona with biomimetic approaches for nanomedicine design are reviewed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future outlooks of biomimetic approaches to tune protein corona in nanomedicine.
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Gou, Xuelian, and Zhiguang Guo. "Surface topographies of biomimetic superamphiphobic materials: design criteria, fabrication and performance." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 269 (July 2019): 87–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2019.04.007.
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Huth, Miriam Anna, Axel Huth, Lukas Schreiber, and Kerstin Koch. "Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 13 (September 13, 2022): 944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.13.83.
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The cuticle with its superimposed epicuticular waxes represents the barrier of all aboveground parts of higher plant primary tissues. Epicuticular waxes have multiple effects on the interaction of plants with their living and non-living environment, whereby their shape, dimension, arrangement, and chemical composition play significant roles. Here, the ability of self-assembly of wax after isolation from the leaves was used to develop a small-scale wax-coated artificial leaf surface with the chemical composition and wettability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) leaves. By thermal evaporation of extracted plant waxes and adjustment of the evaporated wax amounts, the wettability and chemical character of the microstructure of the surface of wheat leaves were transferred onto a technical surface. For the use of these artificial leaves as a test system for biotic (e.g., germination of fungal pathogens) and non-biotic (e.g., applied surfactants) interactions on natural leaf surfaces, the chemical composition and the wetting behavior should be the same in both. Therefore, the morphology, chemistry, and wetting properties of natural and artificial surfaces with recrystallized wax structures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and by the determination of water contact angles, contact angle hysteresis, and tilting angles. Wheat leaves of different ages were covered exclusively with wax platelets. The extracted wheat wax was composed of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and acids. The main component was 1-octacosanol. The waxes recrystallized as three-dimensional structures on the artificial surfaces. The three tested wetting parameters resembled the ones of the natural surface, providing an artificial surface with the chemical information of epicuticular waxes and the wetting properties of a natural leaf surface.
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Zhang, Rui, Meili Yang, Liangliang Zhao, Hao Pang, Guangming Chen, Hua Zhang, and Zhenyu Hu. "DEM Simulation in Wear Performance of Four Typical Bionic Structures." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2343, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2343/1/012008.
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In order to resist the abrasion of sand and gravel, shellfish such as arca subcrenala lischke and arca inflata reeve have evolved non-smooth surface morphology with high wear resistance. In this paper, four biomimetic structures of prismatic, conical, ball crown and stripd were designed to study the abrasive wear behavior of different biomimetic structures. Built on the Discrete Element Method (DEM), the DEM model and its abrasive wear calculation model are established. By analyzing the changes of the contact bond field of the abrasive wear system, the non-uniform evolution process and wear law of the abrasive wear process of the four bionic structures are obtained. The research in this paper provides a new research method and means for the numerical simulation of wear behavior of biomimetic structures and the optimal design of biomimetic structures based on the surface morphology of biological non-smooth wear-resistant bodies.
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Rupp, Ariana I. K. S., and Petra Gruber. "Biomimetic Groundwork for Thermal Exchange Structures Inspired by Plant Leaf Design." Biomimetics 4, no. 4 (November 27, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics4040075.
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Geometry is a determining factor for thermal performance in both biological and technical systems. While biology has inspired thermal design before, biomimetic translation of leaf morphology into structural aspects of heat exchangers remains largely unaddressed. One determinant of plant thermal endurance against environmental exposure is leaf shape, which modulates the leaf boundary layer, transpiration, evaporative cooling, and convective exchange. Here, we lay the research groundwork for the extraction of design principles from leaf shape relations to heat and mass transfer. Leaf role models were identified from an extensive literature review on environmentally sensitive morphology patterns and shape-dependent exchange. Addressing canopy sun–shade dimorphism, sun leaves collected from multiple oak species exceeded significantly in margin extension and shape dissection. Abstracted geometries (i.e., elongated; with finely toothed edges; with few large-scale teeth) were explored with paper models of the same surface area in a controlled environment of minimal airflow, which is more likely to induce leaf thermal stress. For two model characteristic dimensions, evaporation rates were significantly faster for the dissected geometries. Shape-driven transfer enhancements were higher for the smaller models, and finely toothed edges reached local cooling up to 10 °C below air temperature. This investigation breaks new ground for solution-based biomimetics to inform the design of evaporation-assisted and passively enhanced thermal systems.
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Yang, Zhilu, Xin Zhao, Rui Hao, Qiufen Tu, Xiaohua Tian, Yu Xiao, Kaiqing Xiong, et al. "Bioclickable and mussel adhesive peptide mimics for engineering vascular stent surfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 28 (June 29, 2020): 16127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003732117.
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Thrombogenic reaction, aggressive smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and sluggish endothelial cell (EC) migration onto bioinert metal vascular stents make poststenting reendothelialization a dilemma. Here, we report an easy to perform, biomimetic surface engineering strategy for multiple functionalization of metal vascular stents. We first design and graft a clickable mussel-inspired peptide onto the stent surface via mussel-inspired adhesion. Then, two vasoactive moieties [i.e., the nitric-oxide (NO)-generating organoselenium (SeCA) and the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC)-targeting peptide (TPS)] are clicked onto the grafted surfaces via bioorthogonal conjugation. We optimize the blood and vascular cell compatibilities of the grafted surfaces through changing the SeCA/TPS feeding ratios. At the optimal ratio of 2:2, the surface-engineered stents demonstrate superior inhibition of thrombosis and SMC migration and proliferation, promotion of EPC recruitment, adhesion, and proliferation, as well as prevention of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Overall, our biomimetic surface engineering strategy represents a promising solution to address clinical complications of cardiovascular stents and other blood-contacting metal materials.
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Saruta, Juri, Ryotaro Ozawa, Takahisa Okubo, Samira R. Taleghani, Manabu Ishijima, Hiroaki Kitajima, Makoto Hirota, and Takahiro Ogawa. "Biomimetic Zirconia with Cactus-Inspired Meso-Scale Spikes and Nano-Trabeculae for Enhanced Bone Integration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 26, 2021): 7969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157969.
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Biomimetic design provides novel opportunities for enhancing and functionalizing biomaterials. Here we created a zirconia surface with cactus-inspired meso-scale spikes and bone-inspired nano-scale trabecular architecture and examined its biological activity in bone generation and integration. Crisscrossing laser etching successfully engraved 60 μm wide, cactus-inspired spikes on yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) with 200–300 nm trabecular bone-inspired interwoven structures on the entire surface. The height of the spikes was varied from 20 to 80 μm for optimization. Average roughness (Sa) increased from 0.10 μm (polished smooth surface) to 18.14 μm (80 μm-high spikes), while the surface area increased by up to 4.43 times. The measured dimensions of the spikes almost perfectly correlated with their estimated dimensions (R2 = 0.998). The dimensional error of forming the architecture was 1% as a coefficient of variation. Bone marrow-derived osteoblasts were cultured on a polished surface and on meso- and nano-scale hybrid textured surfaces with different spike heights. The osteoblastic differentiation was significantly promoted on the hybrid-textured surfaces compared with the polished surface, and among them the hybrid-textured surface with 40 μm-high spikes showed unparalleled performance. In vivo bone-implant integration also peaked when the hybrid-textured surface had 40 μm-high spikes. The relationships between the spike height and measures of osteoblast differentiation and the strength of bone and implant integration were non-linear. The controllable creation of meso- and nano-scale hybrid biomimetic surfaces established in this study may provide a novel technological platform and design strategy for future development of biomaterial surfaces to improve bone integration and regeneration.
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Wei, Shichao, Haiyun Jin, Penghu Li, Wen Li, and Naikui Gao. "Biomimetic design of surface architecture with simultaneously enhanced hydrophobicity and mechanical stability." Materials Letters 274 (September 2020): 128023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128023.
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Huang, Wei, and Xiaolei Wang. "Biomimetic design of elastomer surface pattern for friction control under wet conditions." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 8, no. 4 (September 3, 2013): 046001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/8/4/046001.
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Marimuthu, Siva, and Dhavamani Chinnathambi. "Computational analysis to enhance the compressible flow over an aerofoil surface." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 5 (July 5, 2021): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-06-2020-0122.
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Purpose Since the inception of aerospace engineering, reducing drag is of eternal importance. Over the years, researchers have been trying to improve the aerodynamics of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) aerofoils in many ways. It is proved that smooth-surfaced NACA 0012 aerofoil produces more drag in compressible flow. Recent research on shark-skin pattern warrants a feasible solution to many fluid-engineering problems. Several attempts were made by many researchers to implement the idea of shark skin in the form of coatings, texture and more. However, those ideas are at greater risk when it comes to wing maintenance. The purpose of this paper is to implement a relatively larger biomimetic pattern which would make way for easy maintenance of patterned wings with improved performance. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, two biomimetic aerofoils are designed by optimizing the surface pattern of shark skin and are tested at different angles of attack in the computational flow domain. Findings The results of the biomimetic aerofoils prove that viscous and total drag can be reduced up to 33.08% and 3.68%, respectively, at high subsonic speed when validated against a NACA 0012 aerofoil. With the ample effectiveness of patched shark-skin pattern, biomimetic aerofoil generates as high as 10.42% lift than NACA 0012. Originality/value In this study, a feasible shark-skin pattern is constructed for NACA 0012 in a transonic flow regime. Computational results achieved using the theoretical model agree with experimental data.
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Zhang, Yajing, Guian Shi, Yue Liu, Qin Wu, Wenhao Yang, and Linliang Zhao. "Reduction of the biodegradation rate of MgZnSrCa alloy by use of a biomimetic apatite coating." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2015-1614.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop new biodegradable magnesium alloy. Magnesium possesses similar mechanical properties to natural bone; it is a potential candidate for resorbable implant applications. However, in physiological conditions, the degradation rate of Mg is too high to be used as an implant material. Design/methodology/approach In this research, Zn, Sr and Ca were chosen as alloying elements; a coating was deposited on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by means of a biomimetic technique. The corrosion rates of the uncoated and coated specimens were tested in simulated body fluid. Findings The hydroxyapatite coating formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface and the hydroxyapatite layer markedly decreased the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy. Originality/value A homogenous hydroxyapatite coating was formed on the MgZnSrCa alloy surface by using a biomimetic coating technique. The biomimetic hydroxyapatite coating markedly reduced the corrosion rate of the MgZnSrCa alloy, and the largest decrease in wastage rate was 44 per cent.
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Scarpellini, Alessandro, Valentina Finazzi, Paolo Schito, Arianna Bionda, Andrea Ratti, and Ali Gökhan Demir. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion of a Topology Optimized and Surface Textured Rudder Bulb with Lightweight and Drag-Reducing Design." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9091032.
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This work demonstrates the advantages of using laser powder bed fusion for producing a rudder bulb of a moth class sailing racing boat via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The component was designed to reduce weight using an AlSi7Mg0.6 alloy and incorporated a biomimetic surface texture for drag reduction. For the topological optimization, the component was loaded structurally due to foil wing’s lift action as well as from the environment due to hydrodynamic resistance. The aim was to minimize core mass while preserving stiffness and the second to benefit from drag reduction capability in terms of passive surface behavior. The external surface texture is inspired by scales of the European sea bass. Both these features were embedded to the component and produced by LPBF in a single run, with the required resolution. Drag reduction was estimated in the order of 1% for free stream velocity of 2.5 m s−1. The production of the final part resulted in limited geometrical error with respect to scales 3D model, with the desired mechanical properties. A reduction in weight of approximately 58% with respect to original full solid model from 452 to 190 g was achieved thanks to core topology optimization. Sandblasting was adopted as finishing technique since it was able to improve surface quality while preserving fish scale geometries. The feasibility of producing the biomimetic surfaces and the weight reduction were validated with the produced full-sized component.
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Hui, C. Y., N. J. Glassmaker, T. Tang, and A. Jagota. "Design of biomimetic fibrillar interfaces: 2. Mechanics of enhanced adhesion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 1, no. 1 (November 22, 2004): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2004.0005.
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This study addresses the strength and toughness of generic fibrillar structures. We show that the stress σ c required to pull a fibril out of adhesive contact with a substrate has the form σ c = σ 0 Φ( χ ). In this equation, σ 0 is the interfacial strength, Φ( χ ) is a dimensionless function satisfying 0=Φ( χ )=1 and χ is a dimensionless parameter that depends on the interfacial properties, as well as the fibril stiffness and radius. Pull-off is flaw sensitive for χ ≫1, but is flaw insensitive for χ <1. The important parameter χ also controls the stability of a homogeneously deformed non-fibrillar (flat) interface. Using these results, we show that the work to fail a unit area of fibrillar surface can be much higher than the intrinsic work of adhesion for a flat interface of the same material. In addition, we show that cross-sectional fibril dimensions control the pull-off force, which increases with decreasing fibril radius. Finally, an increase in fibril length is shown to increase the work necessary to separate a fibrillar interface. Besides our calculations involving a single fibril, we study the concept of equal load sharing (ELS) for a perfect interface containing many fibrils. We obtain the practical work of adhesion for an idealized fibrillated interface under equal load sharing. We then analyse the peeling of a fibrillar surface from a rigid substrate and establish a criterion for ELS.
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Tanaka, Hiroto, Toshiyuki Nakata, and Takeshi Yamasaki. "Biomimetic Soft Wings for Soft Robot Science." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 2 (April 20, 2022): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0223.
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Flight and swimming in nature can inspire the design of highly adaptive robots capable of working in complex environments. In this letter, we reviewed our work on robotic propulsion in the air and water, with a specific focus on the crucial functions of elastic components involved in the driving mechanism and flapping wings. Elasticity in the driving mechanism inspired by birds and insects can enhance both the aerodynamic efficiency of flapping wings and robustness against disturbances with appropriate design. A flapping wing surface with a stiffness distribution inspired by hummingbirds was fabricated by combining tapered spars and ribs with a thin film. The biomimetic flexible wing could generate more lift than the nontapered wing with a similar amount of power consumption. Underwater flapping-wing propulsion inspired by penguins was investigated by combining the 3-degree-of-freedom (DoF) flapping mechanism and hydrodynamic calculation, which indicates that wing bending increases the propulsion efficiency. This work demonstrates the importance of passive deformation of both wing surfaces and driving mechanisms for improving the fluid dynamic efficiency and robustness in flight and swimming, as well as providing biological insight from an engineering perspective.
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Afferrante, Luciano, and Giuseppe Carbone. "Biomimetic surfaces with controlled direction-dependent adhesion." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 77 (September 12, 2012): 3359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0452.
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We propose a novel design of a biomimetic micro-structured surface, which exhibits controlled strongly direction-dependent adhesion properties. The micro-system consists of parallel elastic wall-like structures covered by a thin layer. Numerical calculations have been carried out to study the adhesive properties of the proposed system and to provide design criteria with the aim of obtaining optimized geometries. A numerically equivalent version of the double cantilever beam fracture experiment is, then, simulated by means of finite element analysis to investigate the anisotropic adhesion of the structure. We find that, because of inherent crack trapping properties of these types of structures, the wall-like geometry allows us to strongly enhance adhesion when the detachment direction is perpendicular to the walls. On the other hand, when the detachment occurs parallel to the walls, the system shows low adhesion. This controlled direction-dependent adhesive property of the proposed structure solves one of the key problems of biomimetic adhesive surfaces, which usually show very strong adhesion, even larger than biological systems, but are not suitable for object manipulation and locomotion, as detachment always occurs at high loads and cannot be controlled.
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Tsipenyuk, Alexey, and Michael Varenberg. "Use of biomimetic hexagonal surface texture in friction against lubricated skin." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 94 (May 6, 2014): 20140113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0113.
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Smooth contact pads that evolved in insects, amphibians and mammals to enhance the attachment abilities of the animals' feet are often dressed with surface micropatterns of different shapes that act in the presence of a fluid secretion. One of the most striking surface patterns observed in contact pads of these animals is based on a hexagonal texture, which is recognized as a friction-oriented feature capable of suppressing both stick–slip and hydroplaning while enabling friction tuning. Here, we compare this design of natural friction surfaces to textures developed for working in similar conditions in disposable safety razors. When slid against lubricated human skin, the hexagonal surface texture is capable of generating about twice the friction of its technical competitors, which is related to it being much more effective at channelling of the lubricant fluid out of the contact zone. The draining channel shape and contact area fraction are found to be the most important geometrical parameters governing the fluid drainage rate.
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Berger, Michael B., Paul Slosar, Zvi Schwartz, David J. Cohen, Stuart B. Goodman, Paul A. Anderson, and Barbara D. Boyan. "A Review of Biomimetic Topographies and Their Role in Promoting Bone Formation and Osseointegration: Implications for Clinical Use." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (April 16, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020046.
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The use of metallic and polymeric materials for implants has been increasing over the past decade. This trend can be attributed to a variety of factors including a significant increase in basic science research focused on implant material characteristics and how various surface modifications may stimulate osseointegration and, ultimately, fusion. There are many interbody fusion devices and dental implants commercially available; however, detailed information about their surface properties, and the effects that various materials and surface modifications may have on osteogenesis, is lacking in the literature. While the concept of bone-implant osseointegration is a relatively recent addition to the spine fusion literature, there is a comparatively large body of literature related to dental implants. The purpose of this article is to summarize the science of surface modified bone-facing implants, focusing on biomimetic material chemistry and topography of titanium implants, to promote a better understanding of how these characteristics may impact bone formation and osseointegration. This manuscript has the following aspects: highlights the role of titanium and its alloys as potent osteoconductive bioactive materials; explores the importance of biomimetic surface topography at the macro-, micro- and nano-scale; summarizes how material surface design can influence osteogenesis and immune responses in vitro; focuses on the kinds of surface modifications that play a role in the process. Biomimetic surface modifications can be varied across many clinically available biomaterials, and the literature supports the hypothesis that those biomaterial surfaces that exhibit physical properties of bone resorption pits, such as roughness and complex hierarchical structures at the submicron and nanoscale, are more effective in supporting osteoblast differentiation in vitro and osteogenesis in vivo.
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Genzer, Jan, and Abraham Marmur. "Biological and Synthetic Self-Cleaning Surfaces." MRS Bulletin 33, no. 8 (August 2008): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2008.159.
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AbstractIn this contribution, we briefly discuss how various physicochemical properties of surfaces affect the wettability and self-cleaning character of both naturally occurring and synthetic surfaces. Using a few selected examples from nature, we discuss the superhydrophobic effect and antifouling character of such surfaces and how these properties are associated with variations in surface chemical composition and topography. We also review a few special case studies aimed at adopting these biomimetic schemes to design and fabricate functional self-cleaning surfaces.
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Zhang, Bo, Wei Huang, and Xiaolei Wang. "Biomimetic surface design for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene to improve the tribological properties." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 226, no. 8 (February 14, 2012): 705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650112437829.
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Tribological problem is a major obstacle that limits the using of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in industrial applications and orthopedic surgeries. Many efforts have been made to improve the tribological properties of UHMWPE, such as promoting the structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of the polymer. Inspired by the features of articular surface, micro-scaled texture is introduced to improve the tribological properties of UHMWPE using micro-imprint lithography. Friction and wear experiments are conducted on textured and untextured specimens using ring-on-disc test apparatus under water lubrication. The experimental results demonstrate that the micro-scaled surface texture can remarkably improve the tribological properties of UHMWPE. Friction force can be effectively reduced by selecting suitable dimple parameters. Compared with an untextured UHMWPE, the textured one with optimum parameters shows a reduction in the friction coefficient as much as 66.7–85.7% on different load–speed conditions. The optimized area density of surface textured UHMWPE ranges from 22.9% to 29.9%, which is obviously higher than that of stiff materials such as metals and ceramics. The textured UHMWPE with area density 29.9%, diameter 50 µm, and depth 15 µm presents a significant effect of wear resistance. The average wear depth of textured UHMWPE is 35.5% of that of untextured one.
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Piskur, Paweł. "Propulsion System Analysis Based on Particle Image Velocimetry Method in Biomimetic Unmanned Underwater Vehicle." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_245/23.
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The article presents a laboratory stand for direct measurement of the thrust generated by the undulating propulsion system of a biomimetic underwater vehicle. The laboratory water tunnel enables research and comparison of the generated thrust with the results of the fin and fluid interaction analysis using the Particle Image Velocimetry method. The water tunnel is equipped with an industrial camera for recording changes in the position of markers highlighted with a line laser in the area of analysis. The comparison of the results obtained by the PIV method with the industrial force sensor allows for the analysis of the efficiency of the biomimetic propulsion system as a function of both design and control parameters.
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Weng, Yajun, Junying Chen, Qiufen Tu, Quanli Li, Manfred F. Maitz, and Nan Huang. "Biomimetic modification of metallic cardiovascular biomaterials: from function mimicking to endothelialization in vivo." Interface Focus 2, no. 3 (March 28, 2012): 356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2011.0126.
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Biosystem–surface interactions play an important role in various biological events and determine the ultimate functionality of implanted devices. Endothelialization or mimicking of endothelium on the surface of cardiovascular materials is a promising way to solve the problems of material-induced thrombosis and restenosis. Meanwhile, a multifunctional surface design is needed as antithrombotic properties should be considered in the period when the implants are not yet completely endothelialized. In this article, we summarize some successful approaches used in our laboratory for constructing multifunctional endothelium-like surfaces on metallic cardiovascular biomaterials through chemical modification of the surface or by the introduction of specific biological molecules to induce self-endothelialization in vivo . Some directions on future research in these areas are also presented.
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Gao, Tao, Fengzhen Liu, Dawei Yang, Yue Yu, Zhaoxia Wang, and Genxi Li. "Assembly of Selective Biomimetic Surface on an Electrode Surface: A Design of Nano–Bio Interface for Biosensing." Analytical Chemistry 87, no. 11 (May 11, 2015): 5683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00816.
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Schulte, Anna J., Damian M. Droste, Kerstin Koch, and Wilhelm Barthlott. "Hierarchically structured superhydrophobic flowers with low hysteresis of the wild pansy (Viola tricolor) – new design principles for biomimetic materials." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (May 4, 2011): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.27.
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Hierarchically structured flower leaves (petals) of many plants are superhydrophobic, but water droplets do not roll-off when the surfaces are tilted. On such surfaces water droplets are in the “Cassie impregnating wetting state”, which is also known as the “petal effect”. By analyzing the petal surfaces of different species, we discovered interesting new wetting characteristics of the surface of the flower of the wild pansy (Viola tricolor). This surface is superhydrophobic with a static contact angle of 169° and very low hysteresis, i.e., the petal effect does not exist and water droplets roll-off as from a lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf. However, the surface of the wild pansy petal does not possess the wax crystals of the lotus leaf. Its petals exhibit high cone-shaped cells (average size 40 µm) with a high aspect ratio (2.1) and a very fine cuticular folding (width 260 nm) on top. The applied water droplets are in the Cassie–Baxter wetting state and roll-off at inclination angles below 5°. Fabricated hydrophobic polymer replicas of the wild pansy were prepared in an easy two-step moulding process and possess the same wetting characteristics as the original flowers. In this work we present a technical surface with a new superhydrophobic, low adhesive surface design, which combines the hierarchical structuring of petals with a wetting behavior similar to that of the lotus leaf.
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Korzhikov-Vlakh, Viktor, Ilia Averianov, Ekaterina Sinitsyna, Yuliya Nashchekina, Dmitry Polyakov, Ivan Guryanov, Antonina Lavrentieva, et al. "Novel Pathway for Efficient Covalent Modification of Polyester Materials of Different Design to Prepare Biomimetic Surfaces." Polymers 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121299.
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To form modern materials with biomimic surfaces, the novel pathway for surface functionalization with specific ligands of well-known and widely used polyester-based rigid media was developed and optimized. Two types of material bases, namely, poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone), as well as two types of material design, e.g., supermacroporous matrices and nanoparticles (NPs), were modified via covalent attachment of preliminary oxidized polyvinylsaccharide poly(2-deoxy-N-methacryloylamido-d-glucose) (PMAG). This polymer, being highly biocompatible and bioinspired, was used to enhance hydrophilicity of the polymer surface and to provide the elevated concentration of reactive groups required for covalent binding of bioligands of choice. The specialties of the interaction of PMAG and its preliminary formed bioconjugates with a chemically activated polyester surface were studied and thoroughly discussed. The supermacroporous materials modified with cell adhesion motifs and Arg-Gly-Asp-containing peptide (RGD-peptide) were tested in the experiments on bone tissue engineering. In turn, the NPs were modified with bioligands (“self-peptide” or camel antibodies) to control their phagocytosis that can be important, for example, for the preparation of drug delivery systems.
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You, Fenfen, Yan Sun, and Lin Zhang. "Design of biomimetic surface for fabrication of monodispersed silver nanoparticles with high catalytic activity." Materials Letters 229 (October 2018): 316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.07.036.
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Wang, Tao, Xuelong Bi, Lina Wang, Manhong Liu, William W. Yu, Zhiling Zhu, and Ning Sui. "Biomimetic design of graphdiyne supported hemin for enhanced peroxidase-like activity." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 607 (February 2022): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.006.
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Sun, Gang, and Yan Fang. "Hydro-Oleophobic Property of Butterfly Wing Surface and Biomimetic Fabrication of Hydrophobic Silver Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.3.
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The hydrophobicity and oleophobicity(methanol repellency) of butterfly wing surfaces were measured by a video-basedcontact angle (CA) meter. The multi-dimensional microstructure of the wingsurfaces was characterized by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM). The wingsurface exhibits superhydrophobicity (water CA 150.4~159.2°) and low adhesion (water sliding angle 1~3°). Meanwhile, the wingsurface displays high repellency against methanol. The critical concentrationsfor wetting and spreading-wetting of methanol solution on the wing surface are60% and 80%, respectively. The butterfly wing surface is ofhydro-oleophobicity. The wing surface possessescomplicated hierarchicalmicrostructures. Using the butterfly wing as a bio-template, the hydrophobicsilver films were prepared. Water CA increases from metal silver’s intrinsicCA 63.0° maximally to 139.2° (Speyeria aglaja, 5 nm silver film). The microstructures on thewing surface result in the transition of metal silver from hydrophilic tohydrophobic. The butterfly wing can be used as a template for design of smartinterface and functional surface.
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Akazawa, Toshiyuki, Masaru Murata, M. Ito, Takafumi Nomura, Tatsuhiro Shigyo, Katsuyoshi Sakai, Y. Minamida, et al. "Surface Design and Water Vapor-Adsorption Characteristics of Biomimetic Composite Materials Derived from Salmon Resource." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 430–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.430.
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Biomimetic composites of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen with fast bio-absorption and good biocompatibility were designed utilizing salmon bone and skin at 283-293 K and pH 7.5-7.9 by a dissolution-precipitation method. Simultaneously, dissolved-precipitated HAp (dp-HA) was prepared at pH 9-10 using the calcined bone. The HAp/collagen composites (HA-C) were constituted by Ca2+-deficient HAp, I type-collagen and gelatin. At the synthetic temperature of 283 K, collagen fiber and HAp microcrystals were seen, while at 293 K, frock like-agglomerated particles or fiber like-oriented columnar ones were observed depending on the composition ratio (H/C) of HAp to collagen. Specific surface areas and total pore volumes for the HA-C synthesized at 293 K clearly increased with increasing the H/C, although there were micro-and-meso-pores in the pore diameters of 3-30 nm. Concerning water vapor-adsorption isotherms at 298 K for the HA-C powders, hysteresis-curves of the amounts of water vapor adsorbed (V) were recognized in the adsorption-desorption processes. The V values increased with increasing the H/C under the low relative pressures (P/PS) of 0-0.3 that mean monolayer-adsorption of water molecule. However, for H/C=2.2, the V values were the highest under the high P/PS of 0.70-0.90 that mean multilayer-adsorption and the biggest hysteresis-curve was found under the P/PS of 0.45-0.60, suggesting that the HA-C (H/C=2.2) powder not only adsorb water molecule on the surfaces but also absorb one into the crystal structure. Accordingly, the biomimetic HA-C powders will be applied as water-absorbable adsorption materials for cosmetic products or bone-regeneration therapy.
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Gao, Siyang, Bangcheng Zhang, Jianwei Sun, and Wenrui Liu. "A disigned method of the surface structure of suspended glass transport device based bionic structure of dragonfly wings." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 10 (June 13, 2020): 1245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2019-0389.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a biomimetic surface structure for use in a glass transport device to enhance the suspension lift of a glass transport unit. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a surface structure of a suspended glass transport device based on the principle of bionics. First, a mapping model is constructed based on the wing structure. Second, the optimal structural parameters are given according to genetic algorithm optimization. Finally, the experimental comparison of the test bench verified the feasibility of the theory. Findings Through experimental comparison, the biomimetic suspension glass transport device saves 20% of air pressure compared with the ordinary suspended glass transport device, which verifies the effectiveness of the theoretical method. Originality/value This paper proposes a suspended glass transport device based on the principle of bionics, which saves the air pressure required for work. It is expected to be used in suspension glass transport devices. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-09-2019-0389/
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Robinson, Aidan, and Prodip K. Das. "Biomimetic and Constructal Design of Alveolus-Inspired Extended Surfaces for Heat Dispersion." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010066.
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Biomimetics is a school of design based on taking inspiration from nature to solve complex problems. This is done with the assumption that the natural world already has solutions to many engineering problems that have been refined through trial and error—an example of the constructal law. In this study, biomimicry is used to investigate the impact of the shape of an extended surface for mixed convection cooling within the context of the cavity problem. This is a simplified two-dimensional case that aims to develop new heat dispersal ideas for use in electronics, power generation, and industrial applications. A numerical model is developed and solved using ANSYS Fluent and the results were examined for varying Reynolds, Rayleigh, and Richardson numbers with the goal of maximizing heat transfer. The results show that the alveolus-inspired fin design provides better heat transfer compared with the design based on a rectangular fin in a cavity.
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Lok, P., Philip Boughton, T. Kishen, and Ashish D. Diwan. "Geometrical & Interfacial Modulation of a Biomimetic Spinal Implant." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 4 (December 2009): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.4.41.
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The nucleus of a spinal disc is seamlessly connective and protectively supportive of the joint within which it is enveloped. A range of nucleus prosthesis configurations have been proposed and applied with some success. Those that have demonstrated clinical efficacy have approximated physiological form and function using established biomaterials while preserving key anatomical structures. The minimally invasive biostable, biomimetic Columna Disc Device (CDD) partial spinal disc replacement has been developed to clinical trial stage. It mimics the geometry and response of the nucleus that it replaces. While the implant configuration and materials have been set, the geometry and interfacial properties of this prosthesis may be modulated to account for versatility in surgical deployment, implant stiffness, and subsequent long-term tissue remodelling response. FEA models were developed to study effects of implant jacket geometry and surface properties on implant deployment and biomechanics. Studded and dimpled textures provide a method for increasing surface area to diffuse jacket-filler interfacial stress and similar for the implant-tissue junction. Surface texture design elements observed in nature can protect against delamination and interlayer slippage. This is the case with adherent outer layers of human skin. A textured implant design is also proposed to guard against third body wear by housing debris remote of wear sites and by reducing sliding. The periodically varying strain fields provided by the textured jacket may also help mitigate for tears by diverting and arresting micro-fissures. Increasing friction at the implant-tissue interface to the point of tissue-attachment was shown to increase the stiffness of the implant in axial-loading. In contrast, increasing bulk surface area is expected to contribute to a decrease in implant stiffness. This is, however, dependent on the intimacy and properties of interfacing tissues.
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Sullivan, Timothy, and Irene O’Callaghan. "Recent Developments in Biomimetic Antifouling Materials: A Review." Biomimetics 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5040058.
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The term ‘biomimetic’ might be applied to any material or process that in some way reproduces, mimics, or is otherwise inspired by nature. Also variously termed bionic, bioinspired, biological design, or even green design, the idea of adapting or taking inspiration from a natural solution to solve a modern engineering problem has been of scientific interest since it was first proposed in the 1960s. Since then, the concept that natural materials and nature can provide inspiration for incredible breakthroughs and developments in terms of new technologies and entirely new approaches to solving technological problems has become widely accepted. This is very much evident in the fields of materials science, surface science, and coatings. In this review, we survey recent developments (primarily those within the last decade) in biomimetic approaches to antifouling, self-cleaning, or anti-biofilm technologies. We find that this field continues to mature, and emerging novel, biomimetic technologies are present at multiple stages in the development pipeline, with some becoming commercially available. However, we also note that the rate of commercialization of these technologies appears slow compared to the significant research output within the field.
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Lee, Han, Jiunn-Der Liao, Yao-Sheng Guo, and Yung-Der Juang. "Biomimetic Design for a Dual Concentric Porous Titanium Scaffold with Appropriate Compressive Strength and Cells Affinity." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 25, 2020): 3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153316.
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In repairing or replacing damaged bones, a dual concentric porous titanium scaffold (P-Tix-y) has emerged as a promising bio-mimic design. Herein, various P-Tix-y were made and sintered with relatively dense (x = 10, 20, or 30% porosity) and loose (y = 45, 55, or 65 porosity) structures. Firstly, NaCl was used as the pore-forming additive and followed by a hydrothermal removal method. The compressive strength of the as-formed P-Tix_y and surface morphology, nanomechanical property, and cells’ affinity on the cross-sectioned surface of P-Tix_y (CP-Tix_y) were then characterized. The results demonstrate that the compressive strength of P-Ti10_45, P-Ti20_45, or P-Ti20_55 exhibits a relatively mild decline (e.g., in the range of 181 and 97 MPa, higher than the required value of 70 MPa) and suitable porosities for the intended structure. Nano-hardness on the solid surface of CP-Tix_y shows roughly consistent with that of CP-Ti (i.e., ~8.78 GPa), thus, the porous structure of CP-Tix_y remains mostly unaffected by the addition of NaCl and subsequent sintering process. Most of the surfaces of CP-Tix_y exhibit high fibroblast (L929) cell affinity with low cell mortality. Notably, in the hFOB 1.19 cell adhesion and proliferation test, CP-Ti20_55 and CP-Ti20_65 reveal high cell viability, most probably relating with the assembly of dual porosities with interconnected pores. Overall, the sample P-Ti20_55 provides a relatively load-bearable design with high cell affinity and is thus promising as a three-dimensional bio-scaffold.
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Taylor, G. W., A. Neville, D. G. Jayne, R. Roshan, T. Liskiewicz, A. Morina, and P. H. Gaskell. "Wet adhesion for a miniature mobile intra-abdominal device based on biomimetic principles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 7 (May 20, 2010): 1473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes2096.
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An assessment of adhesion between the peritoneum and various micro/ nanopatterned polymer surfaces is presented as a key step in the design of a miniature intra-abdominal device for use in minimally invasive surgery practices. Of particular interest is the gathering of necessary information concerning understanding and quantifying the forces required to enable such a device to adhere to, move over, or detach and reattach to surface tissue without any damage to the latter. A micro-tribometer apparatus is used for this purpose, and results show that the adhesion force generated between the polymer and peritoneum does not scale linearly with nominal contact area. It is found that a non-optimized polymer surface patterned with a homogeneous micro-pillar structure, having an area of 113 mm2, when in contact with the peritoneum, is able to generate an adhesive force of 70 mN; six to eight such pads would in principle be capable of supporting a device/payload weighing 40–50 g. A discussion is provided of the mechanism(s) by which the adhesion is achieved and how the findings may impact on the eventual design and subsequent manufacture of a working intracorporeal device.
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Gao, Ming Jun, Jia Li Wang, Qin Cong, Bo Zhang, Xiao Chun He, Xing Fa Ma, and Guang Li. "Functionalization of Smart Gels with Beta-Cyclodextrin and Release Characteristics to Simulating Drugs." Materials Science Forum 815 (March 2015): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.815.675.
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Smart gels have many applications in sensors, actuators, shape memory intelligent devices, recognition, self-healing, drug release, biomimetic soft robot design, biomimetic tactile, neural regeneration, biomimetic membranes, supercapacitor, dye-sensitized solar cells, advanced lithium polymer batteries, environmental fields, biomedical fields, et al. And that cyclodextrins are one of the typical macrocycles with good recognition ability, and endowed with fascinating hydrophobic cavities and hydrophilic surface, which enable the encapsulation of diverse small organic molecules by forming inclusion complexes. In this paper, grafted copolymerization between acrylic acid and N,N-dimethyl acrylamide in the presence of water-soluble cyclodextrins was carried out. The effect of ratio of copolymerization monomer on the grafted polymer was examined. The results indicated that self-crosslinking smart gel with multi-stimuli responsive was obtained by selecting suitable the ratio of copolymerization monomer, its behaviors of swelling/shrinking were examined. The adsorption properties and releasing characteristics of smart gel were performed with simulating drugs. Some meaningful results were obtained. These series grafted copolymer would also be used to modify the surface and interface properties of low-dimensional functional materials or heterostructured nanocomposites for intelligent organic-inorganic functional nanocomposites, some good results were obtained.
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Sun, Gang, and Yan Fang. "A Comparative Study on the Wettability between Butterfly and Locust Wing Surface." Advanced Materials Research 1089 (January 2015): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1089.181.
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The microstructure, hydrophobicity and chemical composition of the butterfly and locust wing surfaces were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a contact angle meter and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The hydrophobicity models were established on the basis of the Cassie equation. The wetting mechanism was comparatively discussed from the perspective of biological coupling. The butterfly and the locust wing surfaces are composed of naturally hydrophobic materials, but exhibit different complex wettability. The butterfly wing surface is of low adhesion (sliding angle 1~3°) and superhydrophobicity (contact angle 151.6~156.9°), while the locust wing surface is of extremely high adhesion (sliding angle>180°) and superhydrophobicity (contact angle 155.8~157.3°). The complex wettability of the wing surfaces ascribes to the coupling effect of hydrophobic material and rough structure. The butterfly and locust wings can be used as bio-templates for design and preparation of biomimetic functional surface, intelligent interfacial material and no-loss microfluidic transport channels.