Journal articles on the topic 'Biometry; Breeding – Statistical methods'
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1
Katkov, K. A., L. N. Skorykh, V. S. Pashtetsky, P. S. Ostapchuk, and T. A. Kuevda. "Mathematical methods in the breeding evaluation of small horned ruminants." South of Russia: ecology, development 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2019-3-101-110.
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Aim. Traditionally, prediction of breeding values of male small horned ruminants (rams) by referring to levels of economically useful traits of their progeny is carried out by methods of statistical analysis. However, at the same time, there is a forecasting method based on the use of a mixed biometric model. The solution of the system of equations constituting a mixed biometric model is associated with certain difficulties caused by the peculiarity of the system matrix. It is proposed to use integrated mathematical packages in the forecast, by which the system of equations can be solved in several ways, followed by analysis of the results. The prediction of progeny values is carried out by statistical methods using three statistical tests, as well as with the use of a mixed biometric model. It is of interest to compare estimates obtained by using statistical methods with estimates using a mixed biometric model. Material and Methods. The initial data set was the live weight of Qigai rams, the progeny of a group of sixteen rams belonging to eight genetic groups. Results. It was found that the forecast of breeding values of each animal using a mixed biometric model substantially clarifies the rank of each animal in the group being evaluated. Conclusion. The refinement of the estimation of breeding value is related to the effects of the genetic groups to which the animals belong in the mixed model, as well as the degree of relationship between them. Also the mixed model also allows one to isolate environmental effects from the overall assessment. Solving the system of equations in several ways will improve the reliability of the forecast.
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Zaitsev, Sergey, Konstantin Kondakov, Galina Maslova, Denis Babushkin, and Albina Levkina. "The use of biometric methods in the study of the grass pea." АгроЭкоИнфо 5, no. 53 (September 23, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202125503.
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Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is widely cultivated in arid conditions of southern countries for fodder and food purposes, and also as a green manure crop. The soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Volga region are quite favorable for the cultivation of the grass pea. This makes it possible to expand the area under crops to meet such goals of the food program as increasing the production of protein for food and feed purposes. The study of the breeding material of the grass pea makes it possible to supplement the gene pool of high-protein crops. The article presents the results of the use of biometric methods for assessing the gene pool of the grass pea. Statistical indicators of the sample, coefficients of variation of traits were identified, significant differences in the breeding material for the studied traits were noted. The yield of gross energy with seeds was determined: 16,66-33,51 GJ/ha. Keywords: GRASS PEA, LINE, PRODUCTIVITY, VARIATION, PROTEIN, SELECTION
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Platonova, N. P., and A. A. Bondar. "DYNAMICS OF THE RESULTS OF TRADITIONAL PRIZES AT 1600 M HORSES OF RUSSIAN TROTTING HORSES FOR 2000-2020." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-154-161.
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In the presented work, the dynamics of the results of the drawing of traditional prizes at a distance of 1600 m by horses of the Russian trotting breed, which were tested from 2000 to 2020 at the Kyiv Hippodrome, was investigated. The main breeding trait of Russian trotting horses is speed. This is a complex trait that is formed during ontogenesis and indirectly includes several other breeding parameters: the correctness of the exterior, the level of health. The results of the prizes were analyzed: Ideal (stallions and mares 2 years old), Govorukhi (mares 2 years old), Three-year open, Derby (4 years old), Elite (for older horses). Future (for stallions and mares 3 years old). The data of the primary zootechnical registration of the Kyiv hippodrome were analyzed based on the results of the traditional prizes for a distance of 1600 m for the period 2000-2020. Statistical analysis of the collected data was carried out using classical biometric methods. At the same time, there is a tendency to improve speed in the Derby prize (4 years old) (p<0.1) and in prizes for two-year-old horses: the Ideal prize (stallions and mares 2 years old) (p<0.1) and Govorukha prize (mares 2 years old) (p<0.1). The resulting tendency may indicate the total effect of genetic (an increase in early maturity and the formation of working qualities of 2-year-old Russian trotting horses) and phenotypic factors (improvement of the technology of feeding, raising and training horses of this age group). In all the studied prizes, a speed improvement was observed, which indicates a successful selection and breeding work with the Russian trotting breed in this direction.
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Kosenko, S. Yu, A. V. Burenko, V. S. Cheban, and S. A. Nagornyi. "ANALYSIS OF EXTERIOR FEATURE AND WORKING QUALITIES OF TROTTER BREEDS HORSES BELONGING TO THE BRANCHES OF SE ‘HORSE BREEDING OF UKRAINE’ ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE EXPERT EVALUATION OF 2022." Animal Breeding and Genetics 64 (December 26, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.03.
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During the period from 2005 to 2020, the trotting horse breeding industry in Ukraine suffered significant losses, and the number of breeding horses of the Oryol breed and the Ukrainian trotting breed group being approved decreased by 60–80%, respectively [3]. Today farms engaged in the breeding of pedigree horses are unprofitable, as a result of which the gene pool is impoverished and the herd is reduced. Under such conditions, it is quite difficult to carry out selection in the direction of genetic diversity. In this way, in order to plan effective samplings and selections of animals, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive assessment of not only the breeding herd, but also the young animals that undergo testing [5]. For this purpose, an expert evaluation of trotting horses and thoroughbred riding breeds is held annually at hippodromes.
Research purpose was to analyse the current condition of breeding young trotting horses that are tested at hippodromes, according to exterior and performance indicators.
Research material and methods. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the branch “Odesa Hippodrome” and Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome”. The horses of trotting breeds aged 2–4 years, which were tested at these hippodromes and belonged to the following branches of State Enterprise “Horse Breeding of Ukraine” were selected for the experiments: Dibriv stud farm № 62, Zaporizhzhia stud farm № 86, Loziv stud farm № 124 and Lymariv stud farm № 61 (n = 93).
To characterize the growth and development of the experimental animals, the following measurements were taken: height at the withers, chest girth, and wrist girth. The measurements were carried out using a measuring stick and a measuring tape according to the method by A. Krasnikov (1959). When evaluating trotters based on the obtained measurements, the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses was used.
The working capacity of the studied herd of horses was assessed by the best agility at a distance of 1600 meters. Based on these data, the average rate of agility of horses in terms of breeds and horse owners was derived, and a statistical analysis was carried out in Excel using classic biometric methods by N. Plokhinskyi.
Research results. To assess the exterior indicators of the trotter herd, the expert commission conducted a brood of trotters of all sex-age groups and breeds (n = 72). Subsequently, the results of breeding horses at the Dibriv stud farm, which were tested at Communal enterprise “Kyiv Hippodrome” (n = 21), were added to the obtained indicators. According to the breeding results at Odesa Hippodrome, the highest average score for exterior – 5.52 was given to the horses of the Dibriv stud farm. The average rating of this farm horses, which are tested at both hippodromes, was 5.11 points on the grading scale. According to working capacity indicators, the Dibriv stud farm leads among all farms – 7.9 points. Horses of the Zaporizhzhia stud farm received an average score of 5.26 for exterior, and 6.2 for working qualities; from Loziv – respectively, 4.64 and 7.1. The horses of the Lymariv stud farm according to the measurements did not meet the minimum requirements of the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses, and had the lowest average score for performance – 4.7.
When studying the horses’ working qualities, it was found that the Dibriv stud farm representatives have the best agility indicators. The average score for working capacity by farm according to the Instruction on the grading of breeding horses is: Dibriv stud farm – 7.9; Zaporizhzhia – 6.2; Loziv – 7.1; Lymariv – 4.7.
The herd of trotting stallions of all farms is mostly inferior to mares in terms of both appearance and performance. Consequently, according to the results of the realized actions, the mares received the 1st degree certificate.
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Kolosov, Yu A., V. V. Aboneev, A. M. Abdulmuslimov, and A. S. Kiselev. "Characteristics of wool raw materials in the Southern Federal District." Agrarian science, no. 2 (March 8, 2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2020-335-2-29-32.
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Relevance. Sheep wool is one of the types of products that requires high energy costs of feed. Therefore, sheep breeding should be based in regions that allow for their soil and climate conditions to contain animals of this type with the lowest material costs. One of these regions of the Russian Federation is the southern Federal district. Assessment of the state of fine wool production in the region makes it possible to develop a science-based strategic program for managing this process, which can be universal and used in relation to other territories. This is the relevance of our research.Methods. Analytical, statistical, computational, and biometric research methods were used for their implementation.Results. As a result, it was found that there is currently a certain stagnation in the production of Merino wool in the Southern Federal District. Therefore, additional means of regional and federal support are needed to encourage producers to increase the number of sheep that produce uniform wool. Certification of wool based on methods consistent with international standards of the IWTO countries in this territory revealed a number of qualitative features of the raw materials produced. The largest share in the structure of produced wool — 79–93% — is occupied by raw materials with a diameter of the cross section of the fibers of 20.6–23.0 microns. Very insignificant is volume of wool diameter of the cross section of the fibers less than 20.5 microns — less than 1%. It is produced only in the Rostov region. It was also established that the share of wool with contamination by easily-and difficult-to-separate impurities at the level of 1.5–2% is from 38 to 100% of the produced wool in different regions of the district. The authors propose a system of complex selection and technological techniques to improve the quality of fine wool produced.
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Kryukova, A. V., A. N. Mustafina, and L. M. Abramova. "Comparative indicators of morphology and seed productivity in rare <i>Iris</i> L. spp. within their natural habitats and under cultivation in the Southern Urals." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-171-182.
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Background. Wild irises are promising for cultivation and use in breeding practice. Many of them are included in Red Lists, as they disappear under the impact of anthropogenic factors. It is biologically important to study their morphometric and reproductive parameters, so that the most stable and highly ornamental species could be recommended for expanding the range of flower plants.Materials and methods. Biological features of four Iris L. species rarely occurring in the Southern Urals: I. pseudacorus L., I. pumila L., I. scariosa Wild. ex Link, and I. humilis Georgi, were studied in 2012–2017 in 23 natural and 4 introduced cenopopulations. Individual parameters were compared for 25 medium-age plants from each cenopopulation in their mass-flowering and fruiting phase according to 11 biometric parameters using conventional methods. Statistical significance of the differences was assessed using Student’s t-test.Results. Comparison of morphometric parameters of four rare Iris spp. naturally occurring and introduced in Bashkortostan during six years of research showed significant differences between cenopopulations at a 5% significance level for most traits of I. pumila and I. pseudacorus. As for I. scariosa and I. humilis, differences were mostly insignificant (at tfact< 2.064). Mean values of most reproductive parameters for I. scariosa, I. humilis and I. pseudacorus were significantly lower under introduction conditions than in natural populations. Under cultivation, seed productivity of I. pumila increased. Variability of most morphometric features of the studied irises was within normal response limits for the studied species. When cultivated in the environments of the Bashkir Cis-Urals, they bloom and bear fruit every year, except for I. humilis.Conclusion. Of the four rare Iris spp., I. pumila is recommended for landscaping settlements in the South Urals as the most stable species.
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Ovchinnikova, O. P. "Assessment of the adaptive abilities of valuable economic traits of genotypes in terms of "total yield of root crops" and "vitamin C content" in radish breeding." Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokychaiev. The series “Crop production, selection and seed production, fruit and vegetable growing” 2020, no. 1-2 (March 12, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/visnykagro2020.01-02.128.
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The aim of the research was to reveal the adaptive features of the original collection material of radish Raphanus sativus L. in terms of "total root yield" and "vitamin C content". Methods. Field, biometric, statistical. The following indicators were used to assess the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological plasticity: general and specific adaptive capacity of the genotype (GACi and SACi); relative stability (Sgi); coefficient of ecological plasticity (bi); breeding value of the genotype (BVGi). Results. According to the results of research in 2015–2017 for the agro-climatic zone of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine promising varieties as valuable genetic sources for adaptive selection of radish Raphanus sativus L. Among the analyzed varieties were selected 2 samples Lʹodyana burulʹka and Bila tsylindrychna indicators of adaptive potential and higher indicators of «total yield» (Xmed = 21,03–22,10 t/ha, SCG = 12,93–19,31) and vitamin C content in roots (Xmed = 22,47–25,43 mg/100 g, SCGi = 18,26–20,20). Another variety Ilka had a high adaptive potential and the level of manifestation in terms of «total root yield» (Xmed = 22,10 t/ha, SCGi = 11,83). There were 2 samples of 18 dney and Lʹodyana burulʹka, which showed a low dependence on environmental conditions (bi<1) and are valuable genetic sources for adaptive selection. According to the indicator "vitamin C content" in root crops, 5 samples were isolated that had better adaptive characteristics than the standard ruby Rubin: Duet (Xmed = 26,20 mg/100 g, SCGi = 20,76), Bohynya (Xmed = 22,77 mg/100 g, SCGi = 20,63), Snyezhka (Xmed = 23,29 mg/100 g, SCGi = 18,84), Bila (Xmed = 23,30 mg/100 g, SCGi = 18,57) ), Frenchpop (Xmed = 26,27 mg/100 g, SCGi = 20,85). Stable sources on the basis of "vitamin C content" in roots (bi<1) were samples: Duet), Bohynya, Bila, Bila tsylindrychna. Conclusions. There are two high-yielding varieties of sowing radish Lʹodyana burulʹka and Bila tsylindrychna, which in terms of the manifestation of the signs of "total root yield" and "vitamin C content in roots" exceeded the standard standard Ruby. in terms of adaptive potential. Key words: radish, yield, genotype, biochemical composition, adaptive ability.
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Aminova, A. L., and I. F. Yumaguzin. "Efficiency of using bioregulators depending on the system and method of keeping of cows." Agrarian science, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-357-3-9-13.
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Relevance. For the reproduction of the breeding stock of cattle, the conditions of detention should maximally meet the optimal conditions for the life of animals. In this regard, the study of the characteristics of physiological changes after injections of bioregulators to induce estrus in cows under various systems and methods of keeping is of great importance and is an important area of research. The purpose of the work is to study the reproductive function of cows depending on age and various conditions of keeping.Methods. The results of the work are based on analytical, biometric, statistical methods and the authors’ own research.Results. In studies was found that a general decrease in the effectiveness of the use of GnRH analogs and hCG to increase fertility can occur due to treatments carried out in the summer months. The greatest effect of the use of GnRH and hCG preparations should be expected when they are introduced in parallel with insemination in induced estrus in the winter-spring and autumn-winter months. At the same time, the fertility rates in cows tethered were slightly higher in the stall-pasture system of keeping, and slightly lower in the camp-pasture system than in loose ones. When studying the reproductive function, depending on the number of lactations, as a result of the use of a complex of bioregulators, high indicators of cows that came into the hunt were obtained, from 74 to 91% of the total number of animals showed signs of estrus according to the different number of lactations. Cows with 1st and 2nd lactation have the highest rate for those who came into heat (91% and 87%) with the lowest insemination efficiency (47% and 49%, respectively). In cows of the 3rd and 4th lactations, the highest adjustment to the restoration of the ovarian cycle is observed, with the average indicators of those who came to the hunt, the highest insemination efficiency was subsequently obtained (70 and 75%, respectively). For three or more months after calving, more than half of the herd of calving cows (71.6%) were fruitfully inseminated.
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Kalmykova, Elena Vladimirovna, Petr Anatolievich Kuzmin, Kristina Andreevna Melnik, and Daria Vladimirovna Sapronova. "Comprehensive evaluation of Robinia Pseudoacacia L. seedlings in an irrigated nursery for use in forestry and gardening in the lower Volga region." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 25, 2022): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2022i11pp38-42.
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The generic complex of Robinia is a fundamental and key component for urbanized and agroforestry zones. Robinia pseudoacacia L. is widely used in landscaping and protective forest plantations. Planting material has sufficient stability and durability. The studies were carried out in the nursery of the Nizhnevolzhskaya Station for tree species breeding (No. 34:36:0000:14:0178) by field stationary and laboratory methods using generally recognized methodological schemes for organizing work and constructing samples, statistical processing of primary information and analysis of variance were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The object was seedlings of the same age of Robinia pseudoacacia L. The purpose of the study was to substantiate the biometric characteristics of seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia L. to assess the potential reclamation and decorative functions of plantations in the dry steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region. Physiological indicators of the breed have been established to determine the level of stability of the generic complex Robinia. The reaction of the pigment complex of robin plantations in the conditions of the Volgograd region was revealed. The stock of nodule bacteria Robinia pseudoacacia L at the end of the juvenile period was determined. Robinia plants are in optimal condition, actively carry out metabolic processes and protein synthesis and do not experience nitrogen deficiency (at the level of 18.4 ± 0.3), which indicates a sufficient level of nitrogen nutrition, active synthesis of metabolites, active growth and development plants. During the first year of vegetation, a specific reaction of Robinia was shown at the morpho-physiological level. Plants form a good growth, a high mass of roots and aerial mass, contribute to an active entry into symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, contain a sufficient amount of chlorophylls, flavonoids, xanthophylls. This plantation planting material of Robinia pseudoacacia L. of seed origin is recommended for creating highly productive protective plantings and plantings of greenery for various purposes in settlements and beyond in the Lower Volga region.
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Cherchel, V. Yu, and O. L. Gaidash. "ОЦІНКА АДАПТИВНОЇ ЗДАТНОСТІ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ СТАБІЛЬНОСТІ СКОРОСТИГЛИХ ГІБРИДІВ КУКУРУДЗИ (ZEA MAYS L.) В КОНТРАСТНИХ УМОВАХ ВИПРОБУВАННЯ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (September 27, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201665.
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<p><strong>Objective.</strong> Assessment of adaptive ability and environmental stability of new early-season maize hybrids created on the basis of inbred lines of hybrid germplasm and alternative germplasms was performed. <strong>Methods.</strong> Field, mathematical, and statistical. <strong>Results.</strong> The results revealed parameters of an adaptive capacity and environmental stability of 11 new inbred maize lines when testing their testcrosses obtained based on 3 testers. The DK285, DK265 and DK412 constant lines, the testcrosses of which had the highest average grain yield (5.49; 5.38; 5.25 t/ha respectively) were distinguished during the research period and they were characterized by high total adaptive capacity (1.48; 1,14; 0.75 respectively) with an intensive and plastic type of response to the variability of growing conditions. It was determined that Cross 267C sister hybrid was distinguished among the tester genotypes by the high values of the effects of the overall adaptive capacity (1.19) and the highest average yield of testcrosses (5.11 t/ha).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>. We observed strong fluctuations in the average yield of grain from 1.96 to 8.13 t/ha during the study period. The level of manifestation of breeding characteristics and parameters of the ecological stability of genotypes depended on weather conditions which changed drastically during the study period and often negatively affected the assessment of genotypes. The high gradient variability of the test environments revealed a significant dependence of the stability-indicating parameters on the productivity of testcrosses. The correlation analysis showed the dependence of the hybrids productivity on the level of implementation of biometric indices of the plant under steppe conditions.</p>
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Kovyazin, V. G. "Informational and computational methods in sanitary toxicology." Kazan medical journal 75, no. 3 (March 15, 1994): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89942.
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The use of the methods of biometry as statistical simulation of the biological norm state, estimate of the dose (concentration) time-effect (response) relatioship by mathematical experimental design methods, prediction of the danger class of organic substances according to structural fragments of the molecule, classification method using Baiess training procedure is suggested.
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Verbuch, I. V., and G. V. Bratkovska. "INFLUENCE OF MICRO-CLIMATE PARAMETERS IN SPRING AND SUMMER ON PRODUCTIVITY DURING BREEDING AND FATTENING OF PIGS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 64 (December 26, 2022): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.64.02.
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Goal. Investigate the influence of microclimate parameters on animal productivity in spring and summer, namely: temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the premises for keeping large white pigs for rearing and fattening. Methods. Zootechnical, physical and biometric analyzes. Results. According to research, it was found that the greatest impact on animal productivity was shown by air temperature. Thus, during the period of rearing animals the best indicators of average daily growth were found in the I and II - experimental groups (457 ± 8.3 g; 462 ± 7.6 g), which is more by 38 and 43 g at lower air temperature in the den of piglets. 1.7 and 1.4ºC compared with the V – control group, whose productivity at air temperature in the machine 24.0 ± 0.28ºC was 419 ± 10.8 g. In relation to the control group found a significant difference in air temperature in the area lair of piglets in the 1st and 2nd groups at P < 0.001 (td = 6.07 and 3.93), III – at P < 0.01 (td = 2.98) at the entrance to the room and in the ends of the room in VII – at P < 0.001 (td = 4.64), VIII and IX groups at P < 0.05 (td = 1.97 and 2.02). The absolute increase in live weight of piglets compared to the control group (21.04 kg) was higher by 1.36; 1.24; 0.21; 0.39; 0.56 and 0.02 kg in all experimental groups, except IV and VI, where the absolute increase is lower by 1.02 and 1.25 kg. Higher by 0.95 and 0.84% in I and II and lower by 0.18; 0.72; 0.18; 1.53; 0.97 and 0.61% in the III, IV, VI, VII, VIII and IX – experimental groups were observed indicators of preservation of young animals compared with the control, where the preservation of the offspring was 95.48%.
During the period of fattening the best indicators of average daily growth were observed in groups I, II and VIII (902 ± 9.6 g, 931 ± 8.2 g and 891 ± 7.3 g), in which the air temperature in the machines was lower by 2, 5; 1.8 and 0.9ºC compared with the control, where the productivity at air temperature in the machine 29.1 ± 0.47ºC corresponded to the value of 866 ± 9.8 g. at 36; 65 and 25 g, feed consumption per 1 kg of gain was 2.79; 2.65; 2.94 hp Significant difference in air temperature in the machine for keeping animals compared with the control was found in the first at P < 0.001 (td = 4.39), the second at P < 0.01 (td = 3.27) and the third at P < 0.001 (td = 4.26) groups at the entrance to the room and at the end of the room in the VII at P < 0.01 (td = 3.19), VIII and IX groups at P < 0.05 (td = 1.91 and 2.14). The absolute increase in live weight of animals of the above experimental groups at low air temperature was 81.2 ± 1.14 kg; 83.8 ± 1.12 kg; 80.2 ± 1.18 kg, which is 3.2; 5.8 and 2.2 kg compared to the control (78.0 ± 1.38 kg).
The relative humidity for all control groups in the room for rearing piglets was close to the upper limit of normal at the level of 69.3 to 71.9% and was within the statistical error, except for the second - experimental group.
The relative humidity in the pig fattening room was also close to the upper limit of normal and was for all groups in the range of 67.2 to 70.0% and was within the statistical error, except for group II, which showed a level of reliability compared to to control at P < 0.05 (td = 1.92). The highest relative humidity of 70.0 ± 1.38% was observed indoors in the IV group, which is 1.3% more, the lowest relative humidity of 67.2 ± 1.22% was at the entrance to the room in the II group, which is 1.5% less than the control group (68.7 ± 1.14%).
The speed of air movement in the premises for rearing and fattening pigs for all experimental groups of animals was within its norm and was close to the lower limit of the norm and was, respectively, 0.19–0.29 m/s at the norm (0.20–0,60 m/s) for the spring period of the year with a significant difference in relation to the control group in the I and II groups at P < 0,01 (td = 2,75 and 3,00), III – at P < 0,001 td = 3.33) and VI, VII, IX – at P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 (td = 1.95; 2.67; 2.17) and 0.31–0.42 m/s at the norm (0.30–1.00 m/s) for the summer season with a significant difference compared to the control in I, II, III, VI and VII – experimental groups at P < 0.001 (td = 3.33; 3.54; 4.71), P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 (td = 2.35 and 2.94). Conclusions. Based on the obtained data of our experiments, it can be stated that the greatest influence on the productivity of animals for rearing and fattening indoors had the air temperature, which ranged in the spring from 22.3°C to 24.0°C for piglets for rearing and summer season from 26.6°C to 29.1°C for fattening pigs. At the same time, the highest average daily gain of animals was observed in groups with lower temperature limits and higher air velocities. The relative humidity in the pig housing did not show a significant effect on the health and productivity of animals.
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Shevchuk, T. V. "Quality of meat and bacon of signs of swine breeds of landrace of different status and genotype." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 90 (April 26, 2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-a9003.
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Livestock breeding has a number of technological features. They are related to the specific properties of the object of cultivation – animals. In order to obtain high-quality animals, high-quality products must take into account their genetic features. For example, in pigs, the quality of meat, fat, smoked pork determines the breed of animals, their sex, age and the direction of cultivation. Therefore, the study of the impact of sex and genotype on the productivity of pigs is relevant and practically valuable. There are many literature on the quality of pork animals of various breeds: Landrace, Durok, Great White and others. Scientists note that the best bacon and meat qualities are pigs of pores Landrace. However, scientific literature knows little about the way the sex and origin of animals affect the quality of meat and bacon in these pigs. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to study the slaughter, the qualities of bacon, the physico-chemical indicators of meat and fat females and castrated male species of landraces of two lines List and Brom. During the experiment, zootechnical, statistical, biometric, biochemical methods of research were used. Scientific research was carried out in the complex of fattening and slaughter of the shop of a private enterprise. During the experiment, it was found that the mass of pigs after slaughter, the mass of carcasses and the yield of carcasses of females and castrated males of both lines did not differ. However, the visceral fat content was higher in women by 1.24–8.98% than in men. The properties of the pigs of both sexes were the same. However, in the male line of Brom, the width of the rear half of the carcass was 15% higher than that of women. The assessment of the quality of meat showed that females on both lines dominated by males for the content of fat, marble and calories. It has been experimentally established that the quality parameters of adipose tissue of Landrace have sex differences in the lines List and Brom. It was established that the water content in adipose tissue in women was lower in comparison with men by 0.5–2.35%, the fat was higher than 0.37–3.25%, the iodine number was 3.43–3.68 units. Our research can be recommended to companies that specialize in pig breeding. If a company breeds animals for processing into bacon or smoked, it is advisable to grow a breed from the Brom line. In this case, the best ham can be obtained from castrated males, and juicy, tender meat and more fatty tissue – in females.
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Rashid, Harun Ur, AQM Omar Sharif, Zinat Rehana Shipu, Debashish Ghosh, Sofia Akhter, Faizah Priyadarshini, and Tania Hussain Sharmee. "Comparison of Axial Length and Anterior Chamber Depth Measurement among Optical, Applanation and Immersion Biometry." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 11, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v11i1.43182.
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Background: Precise biometry is one of the major key factors for obtaining desired refractive outcome after cataract surgery. Visual outcome strongly depends on accuracy of ocular parameters especially axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). It is very important to evaluate different biometry methods to have accurate measurements for IOL power calculation.
Objective: The aim of the study is to compare and analyze the difference between the measurement of axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) using ultrasound applanation, immersion and optical biometry.
Methodology: A prospective study conducted on 168 patients enrolled for cataract surgery from January 2018 to December 2018 in Dhaka Eye Care Hospital, Dhaka. 280 eyes have been tested by a single observer. Axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) was measured consecutively by optical, applanation and immersion biometry. The results have been statistically evaluated to establish efficacy and correlation among the three methods of biometry.
Results: Statistical analysis showed the mean of axial length (AL) obtained from optical biometry is 23.36 ± 1.99 mm, which is 0.10mm (p=0.00) less by applanation biometry and 0.04 mm (p=0.00) less by immersion biometry. For anterior chamber depth (ACD), the mean value from optical biometry is 3.13 ± 0.47mm. This value is highest in compare to both applanation (0.002 mm less with p = 0.824) and immersion (0.04 mm less with p = 0.00) biometry. Further analysis reveals strong correlation of optical biometry with applanation biometry (r = 0.994 for AL and 0.945 for ACD) and immersion biometry (r = 0.995 for AL and 0.947 for ACD).
Conclusion: The study reveals that among optical, applanation and immersion method the optical biometry method appeared to be the most precise way of measuring axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) of eye. The study also shows an excellent agreement and strong positive correlation of optical biometry with applanation and immersion biometry.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, June 2019, Vol.11(1); 59-64
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Castillo Martinez, Daniel Benito, Doris Michelle Palacios Rivera, Juan Antonio Clemente Castillo, Karla Itzell Altamirano Moreno, Luis Daniel De los Cobos Duran, and Alejandro Aragón Montes. "Granulocyte to monocyte ratio: leucokinetics in hematic biometry for appendicitis screening." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2023): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230159.
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Background: Acute appendicitis diagnosis is still challenging and is established with clinical history, physical exam, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. It´s crucial to analyze the blood biometry with physiopathological asses and not with a statistical approach for establishing diagnostic items. The interaction between neutrophils with monocytes is noticeable in the blood biometry, so its relationship could be explained as directly proportional to the neutrophils count because of cellular recruitment and inversely proportional to the monocyte count because of cellular migration. Methods: A retrospective, transversal and analytic study was conducted, admission blood biometry of all patients (n=160) that went through appendectomy in Pemex´s North Central Hospital between 2014 and 2019 were dissected. Statistical correlation between sensibility and likelihood ratio of granulocyte/monocyte ratio (GMR), leucocyte elevation, and left shift of neutrophil count were contrasted. IBM® SPSS© statistical software performed the statistical analysis. Results: GMR (1.00) sensitivity showed to be superior to leukocytosis (0.785) and percentage neutrophils (0.846). the same for the negative likelihood ratios (LR-) calculated for GMR (0.00), leukocytosis (0.59) and percentage of neutrophils (0.579). Conclusions: GMR showed higher sensibility for detecting immune response in a patient with suspected acute appendicitis compared to leucocyte elevation and left shift of neutrophil count or both.
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Kozyr, V. S., O. V. Denisyuk, G. G. Dimchia, and A. N. Maystrenko. "State and ways of purposeful conservation of gray Ukrainian breed and its use in the future breed formation process." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 4, no. 2 (December 11, 2020): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0147.
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The study of the gene pool of gray Ukrainian cattle on the basis of the State Enterprise “Polivanovka” was carried out in 2018–2020. They relied on retrospective and modern analysis of the population, using genetic, immunogenetic, breeding, zootechnical, statistical and biometric methods. The animals of this herd belong to two lines: Petushok 191U (62 %) and Shamrin XU-41 (38 %) and 20 families. They have a sturdy, dense and rough type of constitution. Average somatometric indicators correspond to the standard. The breed has good slaughter performance and beef properties. Slaughter yield in bulls reaches 58–59 %, fat – 2.5–3 %, protein: fat ratio – 1: 1.5, pulp in the carcass – 72–73 %, bones – 16–17 %, meat index – 4, 4–4.5. Animals with a high coefficient of inheritance pass on to their descendants specific breed characteristics (color, shape of horns, physique, acclimatization to various natural zones, adaptation to feeding conditions, increased resistance, small fruit size, long growth, stress resistance). The use of modern techniques made it possible to test erythrocyte antigens, serum proteins, isozyme erythrocytes and tissues, as well as polymorphism, the length of restriction DNA fragments. Of the 49 antigens of blood groups, 48 were found. There was a high frequency of them (45–92 %) A, G3, C1, C2, R2, W, X1, X2, E, F, Y, J, H1, Z and much lower ( 2–10 %) P1, P2, B1, J2, P1, R, C1, L, H2. Over the past 30 years, the number of alleles of the most informational system B has decreased from 41 to 14, among them breed-specific B, B2, G3, J1, Q, T1, G2, K, V, E, O. The narrowing of the allelic pool to this level indicates that the breed is on the verge of extinction. Analysis of biochemical markers of blood serum proteins albumin and post-albumin was found in three phenotypes AA, BB, and AB, post-transformation – also in three phenotypes FF, FS, and SS. In terms of hemoglobin, all studied animals of the herd are of type A. Restriction analysis of mitochondrial DNA revealed polymorphism only for endonuclease Eco 471. Modern selection and genetic methods are able to maintain and preserve the specific properties of the breed, its structure, and genetic variability. Their use in combination with technological methods helps to prevent the disappearance of livestock and provide it with a worthy place in the world heritage of genetic resources. Our proposals are summarized in the "Concept of purposeful conservation of gray Ukrainian cattle and their use in the further breed-forming process." Key words: cattle, gray Ukrainian breed, condition, direction of use, offers.
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Cantet, R. J. C. "Statistical methods in animal breeding and Bach’s harpsichord concertos." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 127, no. 5 (September 10, 2010): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00896.x.
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Cvetkovic, Aleksandra, Suncica Sreckovic, and Marko Petrovic. "Comparison of Biometric Values and Intraocular Lens Power Calculations Obtained by Ultrasound and Optical Biometry." Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjecr-2016-0034.
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Abstract This study sought to compare the biometric values and intraocular lens (IOL) power obtained by standard ultrasound and optical biometry. We examined 29 eyes in preparation for cataract surgery. None of the patients had refractive surgery or corneal anomaly. In all patients, the horizontal and vertical refractive power of the cornea was determined using a keratometer (Bausch&Lomb). The axial length of the eye was determined via A-scan ultrasound (BVI-compact-V-plus) using Hollady’s formula. The IOL power and complete biometric measurements were obtained via an IOL Master-500-Zeiss using the Hollady-2 formula. All obtained values were compared and analysed using the statistical program SPSS 20. The average age of treated patients was 71.21±1.68 years. In 16 patients with dense cataracts (55.17%), it was not possible to determine the IOL power by optical biometry. Optical biometry obtained significantly increased axial length values of 24.04±0.29 mm compared with those obtained with ultrasound biometry (23.89±0.28 mm, p=0.003). The mean refractive cornea power values of the horizontal meridian measured using a keratometer (42.50±0.47 D) and an IOL Master (42.69±0.49 D) were not statistically different (p=0.187). The mean values of the refractive cornea power of the vertical meridian obtained using a keratometer (42.62±0.48D) and an IOL Master (43.36±0.51 D) exhibited a statistically significant difference (p=0.000). The keratometer obtained statistically significant lower mean values of corneal refractive power (42.73±0.32 D) compared with those obtained with optical biometry (43.22±0.35 D, p=0.000). Ultrasound biometry obtained significantly increased the mean values of IOL power (20.19±0.48D) compared with those obtained with optical biometry (19.71±0.48 D, p=0.018). The large number of patients who receive an operation for dense cataracts indicate the need for representation of both biometric methods in our clinical practice.
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Möls, Tõnu, and Marek Tuul. "Differential and integral transformations of parametric functions in biometry." Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 8 (December 31, 2004): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2004.08.17.
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We present some useful applications of linear statistical covariance modelling. The common classical model Y=Xβ+ε is assumed to contain at least one continuous variable in X. Treating the model as a parametric function Xβ, and applying certain linear operators on X, makes it possible to get additional information about the dependent variable Y.In particular, it is possible to estimate derivatives, Riemann integrals and Fourier transforms of the dependent variables. The proposed methods are illustrated on real chemical data of Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia). Examples cover the estimation of dynamics of changes in the concentration of chemical substances in Lake Peipsi, and the estimation of the total quantity of a substance heterogeneously distributed in the lake. Calculations are carried out with the SAS software.
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Murison, Bob, John Ayres, Leah Lane, and Derek Woodfield. "Statistical methods to address spatial variation in pasture evaluation trials." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 12 (January 1, 2006): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.12.2006.3043.
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The primary breeding objective for white clover improvement in eastern Australia is more reliable persistence under summer moisture-stress while maintaining herbage production (especially winter growth). To identify elite germplasm, evaluation of candidate lines is done in situ, under field conditions for which the prospective cultivar is targeted. These conditions (e.g. moisture stress, nutrient infertility, grass competition) may impose spatial influences within the field site that as artefacts mask or alter the uniform expression of response to environment. A significant component of artefact variation which affects interpretation of the data is the spatial variation due to plot position. Failure to correct for this may give unreliable comparisons as some lines inadvertently (through randomisation) are allocated to favourable or unfavourable plots. Our methodology was developed at two sites (Glen Innes , Armidale in northern New South Wales, Australia) in an experiment which sought to identify superior lines among 20 candidate entries. Cultivars of reputed stability and spanning the expected performance range, are replicated at regular intervals through the field site. The difference amongst replicates within cultivar (that is a reduced G X E) is used to estimate spatial trends. Elite lines are identified from temporal profiles of plant performance related to the breeding objectives. We describe (i) design and analysis which allows estimation of the spatial effects, and (ii) the temporal profiling of plant performance. These statistical procedures are seminal in identifying superior breeding lines that subsequently proceed to cultivar development.
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Crilly, Tony. "Cedric Smith – a mathematical castaway." Mathematical Gazette 87, no. 508 (March 2003): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200172055.
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C. A. B. Smith (c.1918-2002) holder of the Weldon Chair of Biometry at the Galton Laboratory was a member of the Mathematical Association for over sixty years. Amongst his scientific work, he developed the standard statistical methods now used to map genes onto chromosomes and he wrote a text book Biomathematics. He recently contributed a poem written by the mysterious ‘Blanche Descartes’ to the Gazette and it was published posthumously.
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Zawieja, Bogna, Ewa Bakinowska, and Andrzej Bichoński. "Evaluation of spring barley breeding lines in a two-year multi-location experiment using some statistical methods." Biometrical Letters 53, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bile-2016-0011.
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AbstractIn breeding experiments conducted prior to tests connected with the registration of new breeding lines of crops, pre-preliminary and preliminary trials are carried out. In this study a comparison was made among some models of analysis of variance, in relation to the selection of new breeding lines of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The aim is to determine whether the choice of model of analysis of variance may influence the choice of tested breeding lines. The trait considered was the yield in two years of trials. A more comprehensive analysis of variance model was found to be superior. It was also found that the results of analyses performed using average measurements for lines significantly differ from those obtained on the basis of all measurements. It was concluded that the type of ANOVA model used may have an impact on inferences about breeding lines. Moreover, a lack of stability in the yields of tested lines was revealed, implying the necessity of several years of trials.
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Rashid, Harunur, AQM Omar Sharif, Zinat Rehana Shipu, Debashish Ghosh, Sofia Akhter, Faizah Priyadarshini, and Tania Hossain Sharmee. "Comparative Study between Optical and Ultrasonic Measurement of Axial Length and Anterior Chamber Depth in Normal, Long and Short Eyes." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 11, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v11i2.48968.
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Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze the difference between optical and ultrasonic measurement regarding axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in normal, long and shorts eyes.
Methods: A prospective study conducted on 145 patients enrolled for cataract surgery. Total 145 eyes have been tested. The eyes were divided into three groups depending on their AL; normal eye (22mm – 25mm), long eye (>25mm) and short eye (< 22mm) groups. The eyes have been measured by both Swept Source Optical biometry and Applanation Ultrasoundbiometry.
Results: Statistical analysis of the sub groups showed, mean axial length was 23.68mm and 23.59mm by optical and applanation biometry with standard deviation of 2.34mm and 2.30mm. The mean of anterior chamber depth was 3.14mm by optical and 3.12mm by ultrasonic method with standard deviation of 0.48mm and 0.44mm. The sample size was 145. The correlation statistics between the methods was 0.995 and 0.934 with mean difference of 0.08 and 0.02 for AL and ACD respectively. The eyes were divided into normal eye (22mm-25mm), long eye (>25mm) and short eye (<22mm) groups according to the measurement of axial length. There was no statistically significant difference in axial length and anterior chamber depth measurement by optical method (P=0.52) and ultrasonic method (P= 0.17). So, it can be said that, there is good agreement between the two methods regarding measurement.
Conclusion: There is no significant difference in measurement of axial length and anterior chamber depth by optical and ultrasonic method of biometry.
J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2019, Vol.11(2); 147-154
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Ivanishchev, V. V. "On application of statistical methods in stress physiology and breeding of plants." Vìsnik Harkìvsʹkogo nacìonalʹnogo agrarnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ Bìologiâ 2018, no. 3 (2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35550/vbio2018.03.111.
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Zhukorsky, O., O. Nykyforuk, and N. Boltyk. "Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions." Agricultural Science and Practice 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2017): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/agrisp4.03.062.
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Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.
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Assis, Janilson Pinheiro de, Roberto Pequeno de Sousa, Paulo César Ferreira Linhares, Eudes de Almeida Cardoso, José Aluisio de Araújo Paula, Maria Francisca Soares Pereira, Lunara de Sousa Alves, Francisco Laíres Cavalcante, and Ariana da Mota Oliveira. "Exploratory Analysis of Biometric Data Concerning Characteristics of Urucum (Bixa orellana L.) in the Northeast of Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 5 (April 15, 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n5p225.
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Urucum is a plant adapted to the soil and climate conditions of the semi-arid region. This study evaluates the biometry of urucum seeds. Twenty seeds of annatto were collected in an area of native vegetation with presence of the species, located in the Mossoró Mountains in the municipality of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Northeast Brazil in July 2017 and taken to the plant breeding laboratory, where the following characteristics were evaluated: (a) morphological characterization of the seed being determined the length and width in millimeters, of 200 seeds well developed, with the aid of a pachymeter with precision of 0.1mm and (b) weight of the seed expressed in grams. Descriptive and graphical analyzes were carried out using the statistical software R. The length and width showed a small range of variation, resulting in excellent and reasonable values of coefficients of variation, respectively. We found a regular degree of symmetry and a mesokurtic distribution for length and width of seeds. There was no significant linear correlation between length and width. The features of urucum seeds did not fit to the normal distribution of probability.
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Hloušková, Zuzana, and Marie Prášilová. "Classification of Specialized Farms Applying Multivariate Statistical Methods." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 65, no. 3 (2017): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201765031007.
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Classification of specialized farms applying multivariate statistical methods The paper is aimed at application of advanced multivariate statistical methods when classifying cattle breeding farming enterprises by their economic size. Advantage of the model is its ability to use a few selected indicators compared to the complex methodology of current classification model that requires knowledge of detailed structure of the herd turnover and structure of cultivated crops. Output of the paper is intended to be applied within farm structure research focused on future development of Czech agriculture. As data source, the farming enterprises database for 2014 has been used, from the FADN CZ system. The predictive model proposed exploits knowledge of actual size classes of the farms tested. Outcomes of the linear discriminatory analysis multifactor classification method have supported the chance of filing farming enterprises in the group of Small farms (98 % filed correctly), and the Large and Very Large enterprises (100 % filed correctly). The Medium Size farms have been correctly filed at 58.11 % only. Partial shortages of the process presented have been found when discriminating Medium and Small farms.
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Gudova, Lyudmila Aleksandrovna, Sergey Aleksandrovich Zaytsev, Valeriy Ivanovich Zhuzhukin, Lyudmila Gennadievna Kurasova, and Andrey Vladimirovich Lekarev. "Using multivariate statistical methods to estimate the model maize population." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 7 (August 5, 2021): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2021i7pp9-15.
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In order to objectively assess the degree of similarity of varieties and hybrids by a set of indicators and to interpret a large amount of data in breeding practice, methods of multidimensional statistics are used, including factor and cluster analyzes. The study included 42 maize hybrids (FAO 100-499) of the selection of various scientific institutions of Russia, which were assessed according to the following characteristics: the length of the interphase stage of seedlings - flowering of panicles and ears, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, number of grains per ear, crude protein and crude fat content. Factor analysis made it possible to calculate the correlation coefficients between the variables under consideration and to reveal high positive correlations between the interfacial stages of a panicle seedlings–flowering and seedlings–-flowering of ears (r = 0.99), plant height and ear attachment height (r = 0, 81), the length of the interphase periods and the ear height (r = 0.77). A significant correlation coefficient was determined between the traits, the length of the interphase periods, seedlings – flowering of panicles and ears with grain yield (r = 0.34 and 0.36, respectively), grain yield and number of grains per ear (r = 0.37). When calculating the weights of the variables for the components, it was found out that the largest contribution (variance 54.814%) to the first hypothetical factor was made by the following signs: interphase periods of panicle seedlings–flowering and of ear seedlings–flowering, plant height, ear attachment height, grain yield, 1000 grain weight. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to group the studied hybrids at 32 iteration steps (Euclidean distance - 7.340) into 10 clusters with different breeding values. The hybrids that make up the clusters are characterized by a similar set of features within the clusters and significant differences between the clusters, confirmed by the method of unorganized repetitions of one-way ANOVA.
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Mohd Abdullah, Azlindarita, Norasyikin Mustafa, Loo Voon Pei, and Visvaraja Subrayan. "Agreement Analysis of Pentacam and Lenstar in Measurement of Keratometry, Anterior Chamber Depth and Lens Thickness." Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jchs.v1i1.5848.
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Introduction: To assess the agreement of the Scheimpflug camera system Pentacam with the optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) device LENSTAR LS900 in measuring anterior segment biometry. Methods: This is a prospective, non- randomized, comparative analysis study. Patients with age-related nucleus sclerosis cataract who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and attended the Ophthalmology Clinic in University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) between December 2011 and March 2012 were recruited. The keratometer, anterior chamber (AC) depth and lens thickness were measured with both methods Pentacam and Lenstar. Results: 223 eyes of 125 patients were analysed. There was an agreement in the keratometer, anterior chamber depth and lens thickness measurement between the two devices. There was a significant correlation between K-reading as measured by both devices, at 0.05 significant level, with correlation coefficient of 0.904 and p < 0.001. The correlation coefficient of AC depth measurement between Pentacam and Lenstar at 0.05 significant level was 0.992 (p < 0.001). From the 124 eyes in which the lens thickness were measureable with both Pentacam and Lenstar, a positive correlation was noted (correlation coefficient of 0.585, p-value of < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the three parameters between males and females and among Malay, Chinese and Indian patients. Conclusions: There is a statistical agreement in the anterior segment biometry measurements between the Pentacam and the Lenstar.
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Niazian, Mohsen, and Gniewko Niedbała. "Machine Learning for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology." Agriculture 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100436.
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Classical univariate and multivariate statistics are the most common methods used for data analysis in plant breeding and biotechnology studies. Evaluation of genetic diversity, classification of plant genotypes, analysis of yield components, yield stability analysis, assessment of biotic and abiotic stresses, prediction of parental combinations in hybrid breeding programs, and analysis of in vitro-based biotechnological experiments are mainly performed by classical statistical methods. Despite successful applications, these classical statistical methods have low efficiency in analyzing data obtained from plant studies, as the genotype, environment, and their interaction (G × E) result in nondeterministic and nonlinear nature of plant characteristics. Large-scale data flow, including phenomics, metabolomics, genomics, and big data, must be analyzed for efficient interpretation of results affected by G × E. Nonlinear nonparametric machine learning techniques are more efficient than classical statistical models in handling large amounts of complex and nondeterministic information with “multiple-independent variables versus multiple-dependent variables” nature. Neural networks, partial least square regression, random forest, and support vector machines are some of the most fascinating machine learning models that have been widely applied to analyze nonlinear and complex data in both classical plant breeding and in vitro-based biotechnological studies. High interpretive power of machine learning algorithms has made them popular in the analysis of plant complex multifactorial characteristics. The classification of different plant genotypes with morphological and molecular markers, modeling and predicting important quantitative characteristics of plants, the interpretation of complex and nonlinear relationships of plant characteristics, and predicting and optimizing of in vitro breeding methods are the examples of applications of machine learning in conventional plant breeding and in vitro-based biotechnological studies. Precision agriculture is possible through accurate measurement of plant characteristics using imaging techniques and then efficient analysis of reliable extracted data using machine learning algorithms. Perfect interpretation of high-throughput phenotyping data is applicable through coupled machine learning-image processing. Some applied and potentially applicable capabilities of machine learning techniques in conventional and in vitro-based plant breeding studies have been discussed in this overview. Discussions are of great value for future studies and could inspire researchers to apply machine learning in new layers of plant breeding.
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Bashchenko, M. I., O. V. Boiko, O. F. Honchar, Y. M. Sotnichenko, and E. F. Tkach. "PECULIARITIES OF EXTERIOR OF PRIMARY COWS OBTAINED FROM BULLS MONBELIARD, NORWEGIAN RED AND HOLSTEIN BREEDS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 61 (May 27, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.61.04.
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Ukrainian Red- and Black-and-White dairy breeds, which are the most common in the region, as well as each biological system, are in constant variability and need constant scientifically-based support and improvement not only in general milk productivity, but also in such specific features as duration of economic use and reproducibility. A systematic approach in the optimization of breeding programs and the search for optimal crossbreeding options in populations of domestic dairy breeds is a little-studied and relevant area of research.
The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of the formation of the exterior of the first-born cows obtained from bulls of the Montbeliard, Norwegian Red and Holstein breeds.
Materials and methods of research. The research was conducted in 2019–2020 on the basis of 4 breeding farms of Cherkasy region. 120 heads of first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds, 201 heads of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds, 80 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breeds and Montbeliards, 96 heads of first-generation Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breeds and Norwegian Black-and-White cows were taken into account. Comparative evaluation of animals on productive traits, exterior type was carried out within breeding herds, taking into account the structure of the genotype of animals. The study of morphological and physiological features of the udder of cows was carried out by determining the shape and size by taking measurements at 2–3 months of lactation for 1 hour. 30 min before milking.
The functional properties of the udder were studied by the intensity of milk production (kg/min.) during the control milking. The milk yield was determined by the formula proposed by N. P. Pogribna and others. The growth intensity of repair heifers and the index of decline in growth energy were determined by the methods of Yu. K. Svechin, L. I. Dunaev, V. P. Kovalenko. Biometric processing of experimental data – statistical, correlation and analysis of variance were performed according to the methods of N. A. Plokhinsky and E. K. Mercury on a computer type IBM PC/AT.
Research results. At the age of six months among local heifers obtained from breeders of the Montbeliard Breed received a live weight of more than 200 kg (when using Holstein Breeders for reproduction, the weight of heifers at 6 months was 174.4–182.1 kg), at the age of over 380 kg (383.5–384.8 kg), in 15 months over 440 kg (442.9–449.9 kg). From birth to 6 months of age, heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein Breeders had a higher live weight compared to crossbreeds obtained from bulls of the Norwegian Breed. After 6 months of age, local heifers outnumbered their peers in terms of live weight with an unlikely difference.
The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed had high growth rates with well-developed breasts in depth, width and girth: height at withers and buttocks, respectively 133.7 ± 0.96 cm and 136.1 ± 1.05 cm with well-developed chest depth (72.9 ± 1.17 cm), width 42.6 ± 2.18 cm) and girth 193.0 ± 1.54 cm), with a wide back in the macula 51.6 ± 3.77 sm and in the buttocks 35.2 ± 1.09 sm.
Body measurements of local first-borns of genotype 1/2URW1/2M – only 80 heads: height at withers 124.7 ± 3.71 cm (below first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by 9.0 sm (P > 0.95) URW); in the buttocks 127.9 ± 2.19 sm (8.2 sm below the firstborn URW breed) (P > 0.99), oblique body length 158.3 ± 13.82 cm (4.6 cm below the firstborn URW breed)). However, they outnumbered the first-borns obtained from Holstein bulls by measuring the depth of the breast 75.3 ± 3.11 cm (2.4 cm), breast width from 47.7 ± 2.40 cm (5.1 sm), chest circumference 205.0 ± 4 10 sm (12 sm (P > 0.99)), width of the buttocks in the macula and buttocks (6.1–3.1 sm (P > 0.95)).
The first-born cows of the Ukrainian Black- and-White dairy breed obtained from Holstein breeders had a height at the withers and buttocks of 130.9 ± 1.22 cm and 137.2 ± 0.86 cm, respectively, with well-developed breasts in depth and girth. Local first-borns obtained from the selection of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows of Norwegian Black-and-White breeders had no significant difference in basic body measurements with those of the same age as those obtained from Holstein breeders.
Regardless of genotype and breed, the udder of first-born cows is large in volume (in girth – 128.6 ± 3.14 and 148.7 ± 2.66 sm, length – 35.1 ± 1.23 and 40.3 ± 1.55 sm and a width of 29.5 ± 3.26 and 33.8 ± 4.36 sm.) With proportionally developed parts of the udder, bath- or cup-shaped, firmly attached to the abdominal wall with cylindrical teats. Duration of milking 10.1 ± 0.167 – 12.2 ± 0.157 minutes, milk production rate 1.90 ± 0.01 – 2.50 ± 0.07 kg/min. It was found that with increasing daily milk yield, the intensity of milk production also increased: correlation coefficients (r = 0.439–0.577) have a high reliability (td = 3.97–7.58). The value of the udder index among the studied breeds and genotypes was different and ranged from 43.4 ± 0.06% to 45.2 ± 0.02%.
Conclusions. The crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy cows with Norwegian Black-and-White breeders did not have a significant effect on the exterior type of repair heifers under 12 months of age. Crossbreeding with the Montbeliard breed made it possible to obtain heifers that were inferior in growth, but had a developed, three-dimensional body, chest and pelvis. The use of genetic material of the Montbeliard and Norwegian Black-and-White breeds has contributed to the formation of cows of the desired exterior type with good udder characteristics that meet modern requirements of machine mil.
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Freiria, Gustavo Henrique, Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves, Felipe Favoretto Furlan, Nelson da Silva Fonseca Junior, Wilmar Ferreira Lima, and Cássio Egidio Cavenaghi Prete. "Statistical methods to study adaptability and stability in breeding lines of food-type soybeans." Bragantia 77, no. 2 (June 2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.2017076.
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Shorter, R., R. J. Lawn, and G. L. Hammer. "Improving Genotypic Adaptation in Crops – a Role for Breeders, Physiologists and Modellers." Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 2 (April 1991): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018810.
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SummaryApproaches using breeding, physiology and modelling for evaluating adaptation of plant genotypes to target environments are discussed and methods of characterizing the target environments outlined. Traditional approaches, and their limitations, to evaluation of genotypic adaptation using statistical and classificatory techniques with a phenotypic model are discussed. It is suggested that a simple biological model is the most appropriate framework in which to integrate physiology and modelling with plant breeding. Methods by which physiology and modelling may contribute to assessment of adaptive traits and to selection for adaptation in a breeding programme are considered.
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Acuña, F. H., A. C. Excoffon, and L. Ricci. "Composition, biometry and statistical relationships between the cnidom and body size in the sea anemone Oulactis muscosa (Cnidaria: Actiniaria)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 2 (April 2007): 415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055087.
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This study analyses the possible relationships between body size and length of cnidae from different tissues of the sea anemone Oulactis muscosa. We describe the cnidom, providing new qualitative and quantitative data. Our description adds spirocysts for tentacles and acrorhagi, and is more precise about the ranges and types of basitrichs, microbasic b-mastigophores, and holotrichs. We distinguish two types of holotrichs in the acrorhagi, and differentiate between microbasic b-mastigophores and basitrichs in the actinopharynx and mesenterial filaments. A relationship between cnida length and body weight was not demonstrated. The results are based on a complete account of cnida types from all tissues, and considering the great number of capsules measured (5400) and the modern statistical tools employed, we think that a normal distribution of cnida lengths is uncommon, perhaps refuted. This finding is very important when a quantitative analysis of cnidae is necessary and an adequate statistical tool must be used. We have shown that generalized linear models are an alternative and therefore analyses can be done with parametric methods despite the non-normal distribution of cnida size. The use of these statistical tools should be generalized since appropriate package for analyses (like the R package) are available from the web and the obtained results are robust and powerful.
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Kubiak, Karol, Raphael Koch, Walter Klockenbusch, Johannes Steinhard, and Ralf Schmitz. "Update Reference Charts: Fetal Biometry between the 15th and 20th Week of Gestation." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 40, no. 3 (2016): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443880.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to derive reference charts between the 15th and 20th week of gestation for biparietal diameter (BPD), occipito-frontal diameter (OFD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL) compared to commonly used curves and to evaluate the impact of maternal body mass index (BMI), ultrasound equipment, fetal gender and nicotine abuse. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 4,265 low-risk pregnancies, biometric data were obtained between the 15th and 20th week of gestation. The statistical analysis included descriptive data, fitting regression curves for the 5th, 50th and 95th quantile as well as multivariate quantile regression analyses. Results: Reference curves for BPD, OFD, HC, AC and FL showed a linear increase between the 15th and 20th week of gestation. New equations and reference charts are presented in this study. In a comparison of influence factors sex, BMI and ultrasound systems have an impact. Conclusion: As a result of the study, we determined current growth curves for BPD, OFD, HC, AC and FL for both sexes as well as for males and females separately. The updated growth curves for all biometric parameters differ from the curves used commonly in the last two decades.
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Shchekleina, L. M., and T. K. Sheshegova. "Winter rye cultivars moderately resistant to ergot." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 4 (December 21, 2022): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-4-229-238.
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Background. Cereal ergot caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. is a progressive disease of winter rye. There are no rye cultivars resistant to the disease, and breeding methods of protection have not been developed in Russia.Materials and methods. The material for the research included 97 winter rye cultivars. A biochemical analysis of the sclerotia of the fungus was carried out, the composition and content of ergot alkaloids (EA) in the sclerotia of C. purpurea from the Kirov population were studied, and the relationship between the biometry of sclerotia and the EA content, toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea was analyzed. Well-known methods of resistance assessment and EA analysis were applied.Results and conclusions. Fourteen cultivars least affected by the pathogen were identified: ‘Flora’, ‘Kiprez’, ‘Grafinya’, ‘Lika’, ‘Batist’, ‘Simfoniya’, ‘Garmoniya’, ‘Sadko’, ‘Parom’, ‘Virazh’, ‘Saratovskaya 7’, ‘Volkhova’, ‘Novaya Era’, and ‘Podarok’. They can be used in breeding for ergot resistance. Three types of EA were identified in C. purpurea sclerotia: ergocristine, ergotamine, and its stereoisomer ergocristinine. Cvs. ‘Lika’, ‘Simfoniya’ and ‘Garmoniya’ were the least affected by ergot, and the sclerotia formed on the plants of these cultivars did not accumulate EA. A significant (r = 0.50–0.60) correlation was found between lesions and biometric parameters of C. purpurea sclerotia, and between grain contamination with sclerotia and their biometrics (r = 0.63– 0.78). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.22) was detected between the toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea. A negative correlation was established between the weight of sclerotia and the accumulation of EA in them (r = –0.46), which indicated the biological danger of small sclerotia that got into the seed and food batches of grain.
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Seidenari, Anna, Floriana Carbone, Paolo Ivo Cavoretto, Enrico Ferrazzi, Gianluigi Pilu, and Antonio Farina. "Fetal Biometry: A Method for Comparing Local Curve Populations with Those from Major Reference Standards." Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 48, no. 10 (2021): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519058.
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Objectives: This study aimed to present a statistical method for assessing potential differences between fetal growth standard curves and local curve population. Methods: This was an observational repeated measures longitudinal study. We used a simulation model to generate random distribution of the international population from the IG-21st for fetal AC using the original equations of means and standard deviations (SD) obtained by the fractional polynomial method. A general linear model (GLM) allowed us to calculate new equations originating from simulated intergrowth-21st data (SIM_IG21st) and to compare them, by visual inspection of the estimated coefficients and their 95% CI, with the original published. We used further GLMs for evaluating the goodness of fitting of our local curve and comparing the relative equations of means and SD with those of SIM_IG21st. Finally, the impact of percentile differences between the 2 curves was quantified. Results: SIM_IG21st data yielded very similar coefficients than those of IG-21st reference to such an extent that means and SD and percentiles of interest were identical to the original. The comparison between SIM_IG21st curve and local curves showed a nonsignificant intercept and a slight difference of the 2 slopes (GA and GA3) for the equations of the mean. As a result, the local curve resulted in greater AC values. A difference in the intercept but not in the slopes (GA2, GA3, and GA3 * lnGA) was instead reported for the equations of the SD. In the percentile comparison, the local curve resulted in an overestimation of the 3rd and the 10th percentile that corresponded to the 4th and 12th percentiles of SIM_IG21st, respectively. Conclusion: This statistical method allows sonographers to assess potential differences between standard curves and local curve population, enabling a more proper identification of abnormal growth trajectories.
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Laiko, I. M., S. V. Mishchenko, and A. I. Kyrychenko. "Variability of cannabinoid contents depending on breeding methods." Plant Breeding and Seed Production, no. 119 (July 12, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2021.236989.
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Purpose and objectives. To reveal new possibilities for the expression of cannabis genotypes to obtain starting material with increased contents of non-psychotropic cannabinoids, without tetrahydrocannabinol and stabilized biological traits.
Material and methods. In our study, we took Ukrainian hemp cultivars, the populations of which were distinguished by high stability of cannabinoid contents in comparison with foreign cultivars, as a basis. The study was carried out using breeding, biochemical and statistical methods: physical mutagenesis, inbreeding, individual selection, thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography to evaluate plants for cannabinoids (HP 6890 Series Hewlett Packard chromatograph using an internal standard).
Results and discussion. It was found that gamma rays at a dose of 200 Gy disrupted the genotypic relationships between cannabinoids, with accumulation of their minimum or maximum amounts. Lowering the irradiation dose to 150 Gy does not destabilize the population in terms of the cannabinoid contents.
Inbreeding can be also used in breeding for both to create inbred lines that are homozygous for the ‘no cannabinoids’ trait and to identify lines with increased contents of cannabidiol, cannabigerol or cannabichromen.
A lot of early-bred and modern cultivars (French, Polish, Hungarian, German) show a high population variability of the cannabinoid contents, proving that no systemic breeding was conducted to stabilize these traits in the populations of these cultivars. High homogeneity of populations in terms of the formation and accumulation of cannabinoids is only intrinsic to monoecious hemp cultivars bred by the Institute of Bast Crops of NAAS.
The homozygosity of a population primarily depends on the control of targeted cross-pollination between cannabinoid-free plants using an express testing plants for these compounds prior to anthesis onset and subsequent analysis of the selected elite plants by thin-layer chromatography.
Given the relevance of creating hemp varieties with therapeutic properties, breeding methods have been developed to shift the balance of ‘no cannabinoid at all’ towards a genetically determined increase in one of the cannabinoids (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene) combined with eliminated psychotropic activity (the THC content does not exceed 0.08%).
Studies of cannabinoid accumulation revealed differences in their formation during the growing period. Based on the fact that the maximum accumulation of cannabinoids occurs during the seed ripening onset, and, in particular, their synthesis is the most intensive in perianths and small leaves, it is possible to evaluate the prospects for creating hemp cultivars with a branched diamond-shaped inflorescence, which will provide, in addition to a high content of one or another cannabinoid, an increased yield of plant biomass.
Conclusions. Physical mutagenesis, inbreeding and selection are promising breeding methods for reducing psychotropic tetrahydrocannabinol, stabilizing cannabis cultivars in terms of the absence of cannabinoids, increasing the contents of cannabidiol, cannabigerol and cannabichromene gaining advantage from valuable collection accessions
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Kirdishcheva, D. N., and O. M. Khokhrina. "Statistical scenario of labor productivity development in dairy cattle breeding of the Bryansk region." Agrarian science, no. 12 (January 22, 2023): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-154-159.
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Relevance. In the context of deglobalization, economic sanctions, and the disintegration of the world economy, the most important socio-economic and political task is to ensure the food and economic security of Russia and its regions. In connection with the new demands of practice caused by the formation of the market mechanism of management, changes in the forms and methods of state support for dairy cattle farming, further research of the problem of increasing the productivity of the industry is required. Methods. The information base of the study was the materials of regional statistics, annual reports of agricultural organizations of the regional agro-industrial complex, data from the consolidated annual report on the totality of the districts of the Bryansk region. The study was conducted on the basis of studying mass data using a set of methods: dialectical, economic-statistical, correlation-regression, computational-constructive, abstract-logical and other methods. Results. Using statistical methods, the authors evaluated the established patterns and trends in the dynamics of labor productivity in dairy cattle farming in the Bryansk region. The growth rates of wages and labor productivity have been determined. The strategy of development of the studied indicator in the future, taking into account the factors affecting its level, is revealed. Significant factors of labor productivity growth in dairy cattle farming are the selling price of 1 ts of milk, the load of cows on 1 operator of machine milking, the stock of labor, the average monthly salary of the operator of machine milking. At the same time, the main reserves of labor productivity growth are laid down in the factors of wages and workload of dairy cattle workers. In the work, based on a multiple regression model, a forecast of labor productivity for the medium term is carried out.
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Velcheva, N., and S. Petrova. "Statistical analysis of genetic diversity using faba bean landraces database." Agricultural Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (September 2020): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2020.03.033.
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Abstract. Evaluation of genetic diversity among landraces could be an invaluable aid related to the sustainable use of ex situ collections. Statistical methods are currently available for analysis of databases from investigation of stored germplasm. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a self-pollinating with high percentage of foreign pollination legume crop with a great importance for food and forage due to its high protein content as well as the important role in soil fertility and nitrogen fixation. The local populations are well adapted to specific agro-climatic conditions in the growing areas and are a rich initial material for the breeding programs. The purpose of this study is to establish the genetic diversity of 21 Bulgarian faba bean landraces by important traits in order to review the current potential of conserved germplasm for its sustainable use. All genotypes, included in the study, are collected from expeditions in the country, recorded in the National Register for Plant Genetic Resources and long term stored at the National Genebank. They are characterized according to the International Faba Bean Descriptors. The cluster analysis results show a high genetic diversity in the collection and the variability of each studied trait is presented. The factor analysis, which complements the cluster analysis, gives a reason to group the genotypes with their features into groups that have a breeding value. Genetic diversity in the studied collection has been identified and some of the landraces could be included in future breeding programs.
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Kovaļčuka, Līga, and Gundega Mūrniece. "Normal reference ranges of ocular physiology and sonographic biometry of Latvian Hunting dogs." April-2020 13, no. 4 (2020): 807–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.807-811.
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Background and Aim: The Latvian Hunting dog is the only national dog breed in Latvia and so far, there are no data on the important ophthalmological data pertaining to clinical tests and ocular biometry. The aim of this study was to improve the ocular examination and to document normal reference ranges of the globe axial length (AXL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and Schirmer tear test (STT). Materials and Methods: Sixteen Latvian Hunting dogs (32 eyes) of varying age and sex were included in this study. All dogs underwent an ophthalmic examination followed by tear production (STT) and IOP (TonoVet®) measurements. Biometric examination using A-mode ultrasonography was done under topical corneal anesthesia using 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride. The eyes were scanned using A-mode ultrasonography with a 10 MHz transducer by transcorneal approach. The reference values of IOP, STT, AXL, ACD, and LT are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results: Statistical analysis using the SPSS v.23 and Microsoft Excel 2013 showed no statistically significant differences between the right and left eyes for either of the tests. The mean±SD value of STT and IOP values was 20.9±3.2 mm/min and 17.7±3.2 mmHg, respectively. The mean±SD of the AXL, ACD, and LT obtained by A-mode ultrasound was 2.21±0.1 cm, 0.35±0.1 cm, and 0.42±0.06 cm, respectively. Conclusion: This study documents the normal reference ranges of important ophthalmological clinical tests (IOP and STT) and ocular biometry (AXL, ACD, and LT) in Latvian Hunting dogs.
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Raymond, C. A., J. V. Owen, K. G. Eldridge, and C. E. Harwood. "Screening eucalypts for frost tolerance in breeding programs." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-169.
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Improvements in a laboratory technique and statistical methods for screening eucalypts for relative frost tolerance using small samples of leaf tissue are described. As a contribution to more efficient genetic selection in a breeding program, these methods aim to provide reliable estimates of relative frost tolerance for ranking genotypes and to allow partitioning of total variation into components due to provenances, families, and individuals. Examination of sampling strategies indicated that four leaf discs per seedling at three frosting temperatures and 10 seedlings per family provided highly reliable estimates of frost tolerance. Mean relative conductivity values were found to be highly correlated with mean leaf damage sustained by a seedling across the whole range of values. Alternative methods of data analysis are compared. Estimation of LD50 values (the temperature at which 50% of leaf discs would be killed) and calculation of percent survival of leaf discs were found to be less efficient means of data analysis than directly analysing relative conductivity values. The nature of genetic control of frost tolerance and the assumptions underlying such nondestructive screening techniques are examined.
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Petrovic, M. M., Lj Sretenovic, V. Bogdanovic, P. Perisic, S. Aleksic, V. Pantelic, M. D. Petrovic, and Z. Novakovic. "Quantitative analysis of genetic improvement of milk production phenotypes in Simmental cows." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 1-2 (2009): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0902045p.
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Results of the effect of direct and indirect selection on quantitative properties of milk production of first calving Simmental cows in Serbia, are presented in the paper. Analysis of quantitative phenotypic parameters was carried out in four breeding regions and certain number of smaller farms where 1319 daughters of 13 bull sires were reared. Results of the analysis were obtained by application of mathematical-statistical data analysis, using mixed models (Harvey, 1990). Mathematical-statistical analysis of data was carried out using linear methods with fixed effect, through method of least squares (LS method), and for evaluation of bull breeding value mixed model of random bull sire effect was used (BLUP method). Based on obtained results it was established that analyzed breeding region has statistically highly significantly (**P<0.01.) caused deviations of production phenotypes from general average. Season and year of calving (*P<0.05.) have caused significant variations of production properties. .
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Vijayalakshmi, N., Dr P.Sekhar, and Dr G.Mokesh Rayalu. "Estimation of Gene Frequencies in Clinical Research." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.21213.
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Biometrics is a branch of statistics in which various mathematical and statistical techniques can be applied to biological research problems. These are two main areas of specialization of Biometry namely, Bioassays and Quantitative Genetics. Genetics concerns with Heredity and variation. Quantitative Genetics is concerned with the inheritances of quantitative differences between individuals.The essence of Quantitative Genetics is to estimate the genetic parameters such as Gene frequencies, segregation Ratios, Recombination of Genes and so on. Among them, the estimation of Gene Frequencies in the population is an important one. The proportion or percentage of genes in the population is called gene Frequency. In the present research articles, the ABO blood group system of man has been described by discussing the multiple alleles; genotypes, Frequencies and phenotypes of blood groups. The various estimation methods for estimating gene frequencies have gene presents in the present study.
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Kozachenko, M. R., K. V. Zuieva, N. I. Vasko, P. M. Solonechny, and S. I. Sviatchenko. "Selection-genetic features of spring barley varieties in a system of diallel crosses." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 27 (September 1, 2020): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v27.1308.
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Aim. Establishment of breeding-genetic features of spring barley varieties, their parentals components and hybrids generated via diallel crossing scheme and the efficiency of creating new source material for the crop breeding on their basis. Methods. Breeding and genetic. Statistical (variance, variational, correlation). Responsive. Path analysis. Genetic analyses. Results. Establishing the features of morphological and biological indicators, the level of adaptability, variability, correlation, path analysis, inheritance, combining ability on the basis of varieties and their parent components of spring barley. As a result of the research, the breeding value of varieties as sources of valuable traits was determined and a new source material and a variety of spring barley were created. Conclusions. Selection-genetic features of quantitative traits of spring barley varieties and their parental components have been established. Varieties as sources of valuable traits have been identified. Valuable lines have been created as source material for breeding, as well as barley variety.
Keywords: barley, morpho-biological and genetic features of characters, breeding value, line, variety.
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Manandhar, Nisha, Chandni Pradhan, Purushottam Joshi, Prabha Subedi, and Pranav Shrestha. "Comparison of Ocular Biometry between Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients and Normal subjects." Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology 13, no. 2 (June 26, 2021): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v13i2.34048.
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Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness. In Nepal, the most common type of Glaucoma seen is Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. There are many risk factors associated with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. The main objective of the study was to compare ocular biometric parameters in patients diagnosed with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and age matched controls. Material and methods: This is a hospital based cross sectional study done at Mechi Eye Hospital. The study included 137 cases of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and 75 normal individuals as control. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), Keratometry ‘K’ value and Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) were measured. Mann – Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Mean age in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group was (55.25 ± 10.16 years) and in the control group was (60.96 ± 10.91 years). Axial length in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (23.16 ±1.19 mm) was deeper as compared to the control group (22.69 ±0.89 mm), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Anterior chamber depth (ACD) was statistically deeper in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (3.05 ±0.51 mm) as compared to the control group (2.86 ±0.46 mm), (p<0.01). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was thinner in the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma group (519.5 ±36.25 um) as compared to the control group (525.40 ±37.77 um) but the difference was not found to be statistically significant (p<0.19). K value in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (7.54 ±0.41mm) was higher than age-matched controls (7.58 ± 0.33mm) but the difference was not statistically significant (p<0.79). Conclusion: Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma had longer Axial length (AL) and deeper Anterior chamber depth (ACD) as compared to normal individuals.
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Piccoli, Mario L., Luiz F. Brito, José Braccini, Fernanda V. Brito, Fernando F. Cardoso, Jaime A. Cobuci, Mehdi Sargolzaei, and Flávio S. Schenkel. "A comprehensive comparison between single- and two-step GBLUP methods in a simulated beef cattle population." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 98, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2017-0176.
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The statistical methods used in the genetic evaluations are a key component of the process and can be best compared by using simulated data. The latter is especially true in grazing beef cattle production systems, where the number of proven bulls with highly reliable estimated breeding values is limited to allow for a trustworthy validation of genomic predictions. Therefore, we simulated data for 4980 beef cattle aiming to compare single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP), which simultaneously incorporates pedigree, phenotypic, and genomic data into genomic evaluations, and two-step GBLUP (tsGBLUP) procedures and genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) blending methods. The greatest increases in GEBV accuracies compared with the parents’ average estimated breeding values (EBVPA) were 0.364 and 0.341 for ssGBLUP and tsGBLUP, respectively. Direct genomic value and GEBV accuracies when using ssGBLUP and tsGBLUP procedures were similar, except for the GEBV accuracies using Hayes’ blending method in tsGBLUP. There was no significant or slight bias in genomic predictions from ssGBLUP or tsGBLUP (using VanRaden’s blending method), indicating that these predictions are on the same scale compared with the true breeding values. Overall, genetic evaluations including genomic information resulted in gains in accuracy >100% compared with the EBVPA. In addition, there were no significant differences between the selected animals (10% males and 50% females) by using ssGBLUP or tsGBLUP.
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Mahdi, Tajalifar, and Rasooli Mohammad. "Importance of BLUP method in plant breeding." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 6, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001072.
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Introduction: The most desirable linear neutral prediction (BLUP) is a standard method for estimating the random effects of a hybrid model. This approach was originally developed in animal breeding to estimate breeding values and is now widely used in many fields of research. The main practical advantages of using REML/BLUP are: It allows the comparison of individuals or species over time (generation, year) and space (location, block). Possibility of simultaneous correction of environmental effects, estimation of variance components, and prediction of genetic values. The best BLUP prediction method, which estimates the averages with high accuracy, especially in mixed models, is also used to evaluate multi-environment experimental data (MET). Blup is one method is statistical. Pedigree-based blup method. Materials and methods: The BLUP method achieves this goal by combining phenotypic data and information on pedigree relationships through an index, known as family index selection. This index, which is estimated based on the coefficient of intra-class correlation, exploits the relationships of individuals within a family compared to other families in the population. Results: The results: show that BLUP has good prediction accuracy compared to other methods. Pedigree-based BLUP method can increase selection yield in production-related traits in P. zonale or shelf life of D. caryophyllus L.
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Maia, Maria Clideana Cabral, Mirian Fernandes Carvalho Araújo, Lucio Borges de Araújo, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Luís Cláudio de Oliveira, Cosme Damião Cruz, Lúcio Flavio Lopes Vasconcelos, Luciano Medina Macedo, Gilberto Ken Iti Yokomizo, and Paulo Sarmanho da Costa Lima. "Genetic Divergence Among a Breeding Population of Hancornia Speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira) as Determined by Multivariate Statistical Methods." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 15 (May 31, 2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n15p421.
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The mangabeira its figure out among the mains native fruit tree explored by extractivism in Brasil. The objective evaluate the genetic divergence of landraces in orientation of crosses using multivariate techinics. The complete random blocks experimental design with four repetitions was used to evaluate twelve quantitative characteristics from twelve genotypes elite of mangabeiras concerning to divergence genetic using the software R (2012). Three groups genetically divergent were composed by biplot graphic and stored by UPGMA cluster analysis (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average / Weighted Clustering Method not using the Arithmetic Mean) showing genetic diversity and variability among 12 mangabeira accesses. Forty-four possible crosses are planned among genotypes of genetically dissimilar three groups and six among individuals in group III. Multivariate techniques were appropriate in the study of genetic divergence.
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Lamb, Harrison J., Ben J. Hayes, Imtiaz A. S. Randhawa, Loan T. Nguyen, and Elizabeth M. Ross. "Genomic prediction using low-coverage portable Nanopore sequencing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): e0261274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261274.
Full textAbstract:
Most traits in livestock, crops and humans are polygenic, that is, a large number of loci contribute to genetic variation. Effects at these loci lie along a continuum ranging from common low-effect to rare high-effect variants that cumulatively contribute to the overall phenotype. Statistical methods to calculate the effect of these loci have been developed and can be used to predict phenotypes in new individuals. In agriculture, these methods are used to select superior individuals using genomic breeding values; in humans these methods are used to quantitatively measure an individual’s disease risk, termed polygenic risk scores. Both fields typically use SNP array genotypes for the analysis. Recently, genotyping-by-sequencing has become popular, due to lower cost and greater genome coverage (including structural variants). Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ (ONT) portable sequencers have the potential to combine the benefits genotyping-by-sequencing with portability and decreased turn-around time. This introduces the potential for in-house clinical genetic disease risk screening in humans or calculating genomic breeding values on-farm in agriculture. Here we demonstrate the potential of the later by calculating genomic breeding values for four traits in cattle using low-coverage ONT sequence data and comparing these breeding values to breeding values calculated from SNP arrays. At sequencing coverages between 2X and 4X the correlation between ONT breeding values and SNP array-based breeding values was > 0.92 when imputation was used and > 0.88 when no imputation was used. With an average sequencing coverage of 0.5x the correlation between the two methods was between 0.85 and 0.92 using imputation, depending on the trait. This suggests that ONT sequencing has potential for in clinic or on-farm genomic prediction, however, further work to validate these findings in a larger population still remains.