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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomedical Microwave Imaging'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Rafique, Umair, Stefano Pisa, Renato Cicchetti, Orlandino Testa, and Marta Cavagnaro. "Ultra-Wideband Antennas for Biomedical Imaging Applications: A Survey." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 3230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093230.

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Microwave imaging is an active area of research that has garnered interest over the past few years. The main desired improvements to microwave imaging are related to the performances of radiating systems and identification algorithms. To achieve these improvements, antennas suitable to guarantee demanding requirements are needed. In particular, they must operate in close proximity to the objects under examination, ensure an adequate bandwidth, as well as reduced dimensions and low production costs. In addition, in near-field microwave imaging systems, the antenna should provide an ultra-wideband (UWB) response. Given the relevance of the foreseen applications, many UWB antenna designs for microwave imaging applications have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, a comprehensive review of different UWB antenna designs for near-field microwave imaging is presented. The antennas are classified according to the manufacturing technology and radiative performances. Particular attention is also paid to the radiation mechanisms as well as the techniques used to reduce the size and improve the bandwidth.

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2

Borra, Vamsi, Srikanth Itapu, Joao Garretto, Ronald Yarwood, Gina Morrison, Pedro Cortes, Eric MacDonald, and Frank Li. "3D Printed Dual-Band Microwave Imaging Antenna." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 8631–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.8631ecst.

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Microwave imaging utilizes low-power near-field electromagnetic fields at microwave frequencies to detect the internal structure of an object. Sufficient resolution through the thickness is crucial in biomedical applications to detect small objects of concern. Parameters such as the frequency of microwave signals, the design, and the material of the antenna are the most important factors to consider for microwave-based biomedical sensing. The proposed antenna yields merits of: compactness in size, ease of fabrication, wider impedance bandwidth, simple design, and good RF performance. An Asymmetric-fed Coupled Stripline (ACS) antenna is 3D-printed on an FR4 substrate with return loss measurements ranging from 2 GHz to 20 GHz. The impedance bandwidth is obtained between 6 GHz to 8 GHz and 15 GHz to 17 GHz. The proposed microwave antenna was simulated using Ansys HFSS. The parameters are designed to ensure optimum radiation efficiency. The radiation patterns obtained were omnidirectional in H-plane and bidirectional in E-plane.

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3

Kurdyanto, Rachmat Agus, Nurhayati Nurhayati, Puput Wanarti Rusimamto, and Farid Baskoro. "STUDY COMPARATIVE OF ANTENNA FOR MICROWAVE IMAGING APPLICATIONS." INAJEEE Indonesian Journal of Electrical and Eletronics Engineering 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/inajeee.v3n2.p41-47.

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AbstractMicrowave can be applied for telecommunicaions, radar and microwave imaging. This wave has been widely used in everyday life, such as in the industrial word in the fields of robotics, microwave vision, imaging burrier objects, vehicular guidance, biomedical imaging, remote sensing, wheater radar, target tracking, and other apllications. Microwave imaging is a technology that uses electromagnetic waves at frequencies from Megahertz to Gigahertz. Utilization of microwave imaging in addition to information technology and telecommunications, this wave application can be used to process an image because of its ability to penetrate dielectric materials. The purpose of writing this article is to determine microwave imaging application, the working principle of antennas used for microwave imaging applications and antenna specifications used for microwave imaging applications. Microwave imaging research has been carried out using several different type of antennas such as vivaldi and monopole antennas. Where the signal tha is transmitted and will be exposed to the object will send a different return signal so that an image of an object will be obtained which will be processed on the computer. The working frequency of the antenna for microwave imaging applications is in a wide frequency range (UWB antenna). The antennas that are applied include the vivaldi antenna which works at a frequency of 1-11 GHz and a monopole antenna that works at a frequency 1,25-2,4 GHz for biomedical imaging applications, while for radar applications in the construction field it can use a frequency of 0,5-40 GHz.

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4

Gopalakrishnan, Keerthy, Aakriti Adhikari, Namratha Pallipamu, Mansunderbir Singh, Tasin Nusrat, Sunil Gaddam, Poulami Samaddar, et al. "Applications of Microwaves in Medicine Leveraging Artificial Intelligence: Future Perspectives." Electronics 12, no. 5 (February 23, 2023): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051101.

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Microwaves are non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation with waves of electrical and magnetic energy transmitted at different frequencies. They are widely used in various industries, including the food industry, telecommunications, weather forecasting, and in the field of medicine. Microwave applications in medicine are relatively a new field of growing interest, with a significant trend in healthcare research and development. The first application of microwaves in medicine dates to the 1980s in the treatment of cancer via ablation therapy; since then, their applications have been expanded. Significant advances have been made in reconstructing microwave data for imaging and sensing applications in the field of healthcare. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled microwave systems can be developed to augment healthcare, including clinical decision making, guiding treatment, and increasing resource-efficient facilities. An overview of recent developments in several areas of microwave applications in medicine, namely microwave imaging, dielectric spectroscopy for tissue classification, molecular diagnostics, telemetry, biohazard waste management, diagnostic pathology, biomedical sensor design, drug delivery, ablation treatment, and radiometry, are summarized. In this contribution, we outline the current literature regarding microwave applications and trends across the medical industry and how it sets a platform for creating AI-based microwave solutions for future advancements from both clinical and technical aspects to enhance patient care.

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5

Liu, Siyu, Ruochong Zhang, Zesheng Zheng, and Yuanjin Zheng. "Electromagnetic–Acoustic Sensing for Biomedical Applications." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 3203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103203.

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This paper reviews the theories and applications of electromagnetic–acoustic (EMA) techniques (covering light-induced photoacoustic, microwave-induced thermoacoustic, magnetic-modulated thermoacoustic, and X-ray-induced thermoacoustic) belonging to the more general area of electromagnetic (EM) hybrid techniques. The theories cover excitation of high-power EM field (laser, microwave, magnetic field, and X-ray) and subsequent acoustic wave generation. The applications of EMA methods include structural imaging, blood flowmetry, thermometry, dosimetry for radiation therapy, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) sensing, fingerprint imaging and sensing, glucose sensing, pH sensing, etc. Several other EM-related acoustic methods, including magnetoacoustic, magnetomotive ultrasound, and magnetomotive photoacoustic are also described. It is believed that EMA has great potential in both pre-clinical research and medical practice.

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6

Cui, Yongsheng, Chang Yuan, and Zhong Ji. "A review of microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging: Excitation source, data acquisition system and biomedical applications." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 10, no. 04 (May 29, 2017): 1730007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545817300075.

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Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) is a noninvasive modality based on the differences in microwave absorption of various biological tissues. TAI has been extensively researched in recent years, and several studies have revealed that TAI possesses advantages such as high resolution, high contrast, high imaging depth and fast imaging speed. In this paper, we reviewed the development of the TAI technique, its excitation source, data acquisition system and biomedical applications. It is believed that TAI has great potential applications in biomedical research and clinical study.

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7

Zhang, Z. Q., and Q. H. Liu. "Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Image Reconstruction for Microwave Biomedical Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 51, no. 3 (March 2004): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2003.821052.

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8

Costanzo, S., and G. Lopez. "Phaseless Single-Step Microwave Imaging Technique for Biomedical Applications." Radioengineering 27, no. 3 (September 13, 2019): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2019.0512.

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9

Mojabi, P., and J. LoVetri. "Microwave Biomedical Imaging Using the Multiplicative Regularized Gauss--Newton Inversion." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8 (2009): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2009.2023602.

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10

Mojabi, P., and J. LoVetri. "Enhancement of the Krylov Subspace Regularization for Microwave Biomedical Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 28, no. 12 (December 2009): 2015–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2027703.

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11

Meaney, Paul M. "Microwave imaging: perception and reality." Expert Review of Medical Devices 10, no. 5 (September 2013): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17434440.2013.835553.

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12

Williams, Marc J., Enrique Sánchez, Esther Rani Aluri, Fraser J. Douglas, Donald A. MacLaren, Oonagh M. Collins, Edmund J. Cussen, et al. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly crystalline, multifunctional iron oxide nanocomposites for imaging applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 87 (2016): 83520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra11819d.

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We report a single-step, microwave-assisted approach for the preparation of multifunctional magnetic nanocomposites. We demonstrate the link between synthetic methodology and the functionality of the nanocomposites as biomedical imaging agents.

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13

O'Loughlin, Declan, Martin O'Halloran, Brian M. Moloney, Martin Glavin, Edward Jones, and M. Adnan Elahi. "Microwave Breast Imaging: Clinical Advances and Remaining Challenges." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 65, no. 11 (November 2018): 2580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2018.2809541.

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14

Zhong Qing Zhang, Qing Huo Liu, Chunjiang Xiao, E. Ward, G. Ybarra, and W. T. Joines. "Microwave breast imaging: 3-D forward scattering simulation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 50, no. 10 (October 2003): 1180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2003.817634.

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15

Avşar Aydin, Emine, and Selin Yabaci Karaoğlan. "Reference Breast Phantoms for Low-Cost Microwave Imaging." Tehnički glasnik 14, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20190924124228.

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Microwave imaging provides an alternative method for breast cancer screening and the diagnosis of cerebrovascular accidents. Before a surgical operation, the performance of microwave imaging systems should be evaluated on anatomically detailed anthropomorphic phantoms. This paper puts forward the advances in the development of breast phantoms based on 3D printing structures filled with liquid solutions that mimic biological tissues in terms of complex permittivity in a wide microwave frequency band. In this paper; four different experimental scenarios were created, and measurements were performed, and although there are many vector network analyzers on the market, the miniVNA used in this study has been shown to have potential in many biomedical applications such as portable computer-based breast cancer detection studies. We especially investigated the reproducibility of a particular mixture and the ability of some mixes to mimic various breast tissues. Afterwards, the images similar to the experimentally created scenarios were obtained by implementing the inverse radon transform to the obtained data.

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16

Groumpas, Evangelos I., Maria Koutsoupidou, and Irene S. Karanasiou. "Biomedical Passive Microwave Imaging and Sensing: Current and future trends [Bioelectromagnetics]." IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 64, no. 6 (December 2022): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/map.2022.3210860.

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17

Ravina, Kristine, Li Lin, Charles Y. Liu, Debi Thomas, Denise Hasson, Lihong V. Wang, and Jonathan J. Russin. "Prospects of Photo- and Thermoacoustic Imaging in Neurosurgery." Neurosurgery 87, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz420.

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Abstract The evolution of neurosurgery has been, and continues to be, closely associated with innovations in technology. Modern neurosurgery is wed to imaging technology and the future promises even more dependence on anatomic and, perhaps more importantly, functional imaging. The photoacoustic phenomenon was described nearly 140 yr ago; however, biomedical applications for this technology have only recently received significant attention. Light-based photoacoustic and microwave-based thermoacoustic technologies represent novel biomedical imaging modalities with broad application potential within and beyond neurosurgery. These technologies offer excellent imaging resolution while generally considered safer, more portable, versatile, and convenient than current imaging technologies. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding photoacoustic and thermoacoustic imaging and their potential impact on the field of neurosurgery.

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18

Costanzo, Sandra, and Giuseppe Lopez. "Phaseless Microwave Tomography Assessment for Breast Imaging: Preliminary Results." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (February 22, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5780243.

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In the present work, a phaseless approach for microwave imaging applications is presented. The proposed solution strategy is based on the formulation of the scattering phenomena in terms of contrast source, while no phase-recovery stage is involved into the numerical procedure, thus providing a phaseless single-step resolution method. The image recovering potentialities of the discussed method are numerically validated by successfully distinguishing different tissues of a slice breast model, with a tumor located wherein. The above preliminary assessment encourages the adoption of the proposed solution in the framework of biomedical imaging.

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19

Wu, Hailun, and Reza K. Amineh. "A Low-Cost and Compact Three-Dimensional Microwave Holographic Imaging System." Electronics 8, no. 9 (September 15, 2019): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8091036.

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With the significant growth in the use of non-metallic composite materials, the demands for new and robust non-destructive testing methodologies is high. Microwave imaging has attracted a lot of attention recently for such applications. This is in addition to the biomedical imaging applications of microwave that are also being pursued actively. Among these efforts, in this paper, we propose a compact and cost-effective three-dimensional microwave imaging system based on a fast and robust holographic technique. For this purpose, we employ narrow-band microwave data, instead of wideband data used in previous three-dimensional cylindrical holographic imaging systems. Three-dimensional imaging is accomplished by using an array of receiver antennas surrounding the object and scanning that along with a transmitter antenna over a cylindrical aperture. To achieve low cost and compact size, we employ off-the-shelf components to build a data acquisition system replacing the costly and bulky vector network analyzers. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed imaging system. We also show the effect of number of frequencies and size of the objects on the quality of reconstructed images.

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20

Bellizzi, G., O. M. Bucci, and I. Catapano. "Microwave Cancer Imaging Exploiting Magnetic Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58, no. 9 (September 2011): 2528–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2158544.

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21

Semenov, Serguei. "Microwave tomography: review of the progress towards clinical applications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1900 (August 13, 2009): 3021–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0092.

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Microwave tomography (MWT) is an emerging biomedical imaging modality with great potential for non-invasive assessment of functional and pathological conditions of soft tissues. This paper presents a review of research results obtained by the author and his colleagues and focuses on various potential clinical applications of MWT. Most clinical applications of MWT imaging have complicated, nonlinear, high dielectric contrast inverse problems of three-dimensional diffraction tomography. There is a very high dielectric contrast between bones and fatty areas compared with soft tissues. In most cases, the contrast between soft-tissue abnormalities (the target imaging areas) is less pronounced than between bone (fat) and soft tissue. This additionally complicates the imaging problem. In spite of the difficulties mentioned, it has been demonstrated that MWT is applicable for extremities imaging, breast cancer detection, diagnostics of lung cancer, brain imaging and cardiac imaging.

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22

Golnabi, AmirH, ShireenD Geimer, PaulM Meaney, and KeithD Paulsen. "Comparison of no-prior and soft-prior regularization in biomedical microwave imaging." Journal of Medical Physics 36, no. 3 (2011): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6203.83482.

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23

Zamani, Ali, Amin M. Abbosh, and Stuart Crozier. "Multistatic Biomedical Microwave Imaging Using Spatial Interpolator for Extended Virtual Antenna Array." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 3 (March 2017): 1121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2016.2647584.

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24

Lai, K. T., Bindu G. Nair, and S. Semenov. "Optical and microwave studies of ferroelectric nanoparticles for application in biomedical imaging." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 1 (November 22, 2011): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26496.

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25

Ullah, Md Amanath, Touhidul Alam, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam. "Performance analysis of a 3D unidirectional antenna opted for biomedical microwave imaging." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 60, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31107.

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26

Amineh, Reza K., Maryam Ravan, Raveena Sharma, and Smit Baua. "Three-Dimensional Holographic Imaging Using Single Frequency Microwave Data." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (July 17, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6542518.

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Three-dimensional (3D) microwave and millimeter wave imaging techniques based on the holographic principles have been successfully employed in several applications such as security screening, body shape measurement for the apparel industry, underground imaging, and wall imaging. The previously proposed 3D holographic imaging techniques require the acquisition of wideband data over rectangular or cylindrical apertures. Requirement for wideband data imposes limitations on the hardware (in particular at very high or very low frequencies). It may also lead to errors in the produced images if the media is dispersive (e.g., in biomedical imaging) and not modeled properly in the image reconstruction process. To address these limitations, here, we propose a technique to perform 3D imaging with single frequency data. Instead of collecting data at multiple frequencies, we acquire the backscattered fields with an array of resonant antennas. We demonstrate the possibility of 3D imaging with the proposed setup and perform a comprehensive study of the capabilities and limitations of the technique via simulations. To perform a realistic study, the simulation data is contaminated by noise.

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27

Guo, Bin, Jian Li, Henry Zmuda, and Mark Sheplak. "Multifrequency Microwave-Induced Thermal Acoustic Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 54, no. 11 (November 2007): 2000–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2007.895108.

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28

Arunachalam, K., L. Udpa, and S. S. Udpa. "A Computational Investigation of Microwave Breast Imaging Using Deformable Reflector." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 2 (February 2008): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2007.903702.

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29

Fedeli, Alessandro, Matteo Pastorino, Andrea Randazzo, and Gian Luigi Gragnani. "Analysis of a Nonlinear Technique for Microwave Imaging of Targets Inside Conducting Cylinders." Electronics 10, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050594.

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Microwave imaging of targets enclosed in circular metallic cylinders represents an interesting scenario, whose applications range from biomedical diagnostics to nondestructive testing. In this paper, the theoretical bases of microwave tomographic imaging inside circular metallic pipes are reviewed and discussed. A nonlinear quantitative inversion technique in non-Hilbertian Lebesgue spaces is then applied to this kind of problem for the first time. The accuracy of the obtained dielectric reconstructions is assessed by numerical simulations in canonical cases, aimed at verifying the dependence of the result on the size of the conducting enclosure and comparing results with the conventional free space case. Numerical results show benefits in lossy environments, although the presence and the type of resonances should be carefully taken into account.

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30

Mohammed, Beada'a J., Amin M. Abbosh, and Philip Sharpe. "Planar array of corrugated tapered slot antennas for ultrawideband biomedical microwave imaging system." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 23, no. 1 (May 10, 2012): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20651.

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31

Haynes, Mark, John Stang, and Mahta Moghaddam. "Real-time Microwave Imaging of Differential Temperature for Thermal Therapy Monitoring." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 61, no. 6 (June 2014): 1787–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2307072.

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32

Moll, Jochen, Thomas N. Kelly, Dallan Byrne, Mantalena Sarafianou, Viktor Krozer, and Ian J. Craddock. "Microwave Radar Imaging of Heterogeneous Breast Tissue Integrating A Priori Information." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/943549.

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Conventional radar-based image reconstruction techniques fail when they are applied to heterogeneous breast tissue, since the underlying in-breast relative permittivity is unknown or assumed to be constant. This results in a systematic error during the process of image formation. A recent trend in microwave biomedical imaging is to extract the relative permittivity from the object under test to improve the image reconstruction quality and thereby to enhance the diagnostic assessment. In this paper, we present a novel radar-based methodology for microwave breast cancer detection in heterogeneous breast tissue integrating a 3D map of relative permittivity as a priori information. This leads to a novel image reconstruction formulation where the delay-and-sum focusing takes place in time rather than range domain. Results are shown for a heterogeneous dense (class-4) and a scattered fibroglandular (class-2) numerical breast phantom using Bristol’s 31-element array configuration.

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33

Chen, Guo Ping, Zhi Qin Zhao, and Qing H. Liu. "The Computational Study of Microwave-Induced Thermo-Acoustic Tomography for Biologic Tissue Imaging Based on Pseudo-Spectrum Time Domain and Time Reversal Mirror Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.353.

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Microwave-Induced Thermo-Acoustic Tomography (MITAT) own much concerns in recent years in biomedical imaging field. High contrast and resolution compared with conventional microwave or ultrasound imaging system especially for malignant tumors are outstanding characters of it. In this paper, the induced thermo-acoustic wave propagating in a mimic biologic tissue is simulated by numeric method Pseudo-Spectrum Time Domain (PSTD). Due to the excellent performance in noise-depress and the stability for the fluctuation of the model parameters, Time Reversal Mirror (TRM) imaging technique is studied computationally for the simulative received thermo-acoustic signals. Some thermo-acoustic objects with different initial pressure distribution are designed and imaged by TRM technique to represent the complex biologic tissue case in a random media. The quality of images generated by TRM technique based on PSTD method hints the potential of the MITAT technique.

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34

Bauer, Daniel R., Xiong Wang, Jeff Vollin, Hao Xin, and Russell S. Witte. "Broadband Spectroscopic Thermoacoustic Characterization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/762352.

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Carbon nanotubes have attracted interest as contrast agents for biomedical imaging because they strongly absorb electromagnetic radiation in the optical and microwave regions. This study applies thermoacoustic (TA) imaging and spectroscopy to measure the frequency-dependent absorption profile of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in the ranges of 2.7–3.1 GHz and 7–9 GHz using two tunable microwave sources. Between 7 and 9 GHz, the peak TA signal for solutions containing semiconducting and metallic SWNTs increased monotonically with a slope of 1.75 AU/GHz (R2=0.95) and 2.8 AU/GHz (R2=0.93), respectively, relative to a water baseline. However, after compensating for the background signal from water, it was revealed that the TA signal from metallic SWNTs increased exponentially within this frequency band. Results suggest that TA imaging and spectroscopy could be a powerful tool for quantifying the absorption properties of SWNTs and optimizing their performance as contrast agents for imaging or heat sources for thermal therapy.

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35

Semenov, Serguei Y., Alexander E. Bulyshev, Vitaly G. Posukh, Yuri E. Sizov, Thomas C. Williams, and Alexander E. Souvorov. "Microwave Tomography for Detection/Imaging of Myocardial Infarction. I. Excised Canine Hearts." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 31, no. 3 (March 2003): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1553452.

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36

Irishina, N., M. Moscoso, and O. Dorn. "Microwave Imaging for Early Breast Cancer Detection Using a Shape-based Strategy." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 56, no. 4 (April 2009): 1143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2009.2012398.

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37

Jayapriya, C., K. Meena Alias Jeyanthi, and . "Design of an Ultra-Wideband Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.27 (August 15, 2018): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.27.17999.

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Ultra Wideband (UWB) radar is assuring technology for breast cancer detection based on the dielectric constant between normal and tumor tissues at Microwave frequencies. A Suitable design of a Microstrip Patch in Ultrawideband is proposed for microwave imaging in biomedical applications. Currently used clinical diagnostic methods, such as X-ray Mammography, Ultra-Sound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, are limited by cost and reliability issues. These limitations have motivated researchers to develop a more effective, low-cost diagnostic method and involving lower ionization for cancer detection. The literature suggests a Side Slotted Vivaldi Antenna (SSVA) is clustered around 2.4GHz as the ISM band which is used for breast phantom measurement. Experimental validation is done mainly by using an antenna for detecting tumor cells inside a breast which is highly demanded as comfortable approach.

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38

Devi, Jutika, M. Jaleel Akhtar, and Pranayee Datta. "Cadmium Sulfide/Zinc Sulfide Core–Shell Nanocomposite-Based Microwave Notch Filter for Biomedical Imaging." Journal of Electronic Materials 51, no. 2 (January 2, 2022): 888–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-021-09369-7.

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39

Bolomey, J. Ch, Ch Pichot, and G. Garboriaud. "Planar microwave imaging camera for biomedical applications: Critical and prospective analysis of reconstruction algorithms." Radio Science 26, no. 2 (March 1991): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90rs01644.

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40

Pastorino, Matteo. "Recent inversion procedures for microwave imaging in biomedical, subsurface detection and nondestructive evaluation applications." Measurement 36, no. 3-4 (October 2004): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2004.09.006.

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41

Khalil, Muhammad Hassan, Li Jie, and Jia Dong Xu. "Mathematical Analysis of Microwave Tomography: The Reconstruction Problem of Malignant Tumor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 332 (July 2013): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.332.527.

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Early breast cancer detection is an emerging field of research as it can save many lives infected by malignant tumors. Microwave imaging is one of the main pillars in biomedical fields of comprehensive cancer care. The mathematical theory of microwave tomography involves solving an image reconstruction problem for Maxwell’s equations. In this research contribution, we analyze the potential of an image reconstruction model for the early detection of breast tumors from microwave tomography method. The detection of early-stage tumors within the breast by microwave tomography imaging is challenged by both the moderate endogenous dielectric contrast between healthy and malignant glandular tissues and the spatial resolution available from illumination at microwave frequencies. The formulation as a shape-reconstruction problem offers several advantages compared to more traditional pixel-based schemes, to mention, in particular, well defined boundaries and the incorporation of an intrinsic regularization that reduces the dimensionality of the inverse problem whereby at the same time stabilizing the reconstruction. We present in this paper a novel strategy that can detect very small tumors compared to the wavelength used for illuminating the breast. In addition, our algorithm can determine the sizes and the dielectric properties of the tumors with good accuracy.

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Kazemi, Fatemeh, Farahnaz Mohanna, and Javad Ahmadi-shokouh. "Microwave reflectometry for noninvasive imaging of skin abnormalities." Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciences in Medicine 41, no. 4 (August 30, 2018): 881–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13246-018-0682-3.

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Zhu, Jiang, Si Chen, Yanchen Wang, TongBin Gao, Yongjian Ji, and Shenyang Wang. "Clinical Study on the Efficacy of Microwave Ablation (MA) in the Treatment of Stage I Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma by CT and MRI Imaging." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022 (February 7, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8446294.

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We have proposed an effective mechanism to corroborate the efficacy of microwave ablation (MA) in the treatment of stage I renal clear cell carcinoma in this paper. For this purpose, a total of 96 patients with stage I renal clear cell carcinoma presented in our hospital from May 2018 to January 2021 were randomly divided into CT group (n = 48) and MRI group (n = 48). Patients in both groups were treated with microwave ablation after pathological diagnosis. Patients in the CT group received enhanced CT examination to monitor the therapeutic effect; in contrast, patients in the MRI group received MRI examination to monitor their therapeutic effect. The focus areas before and after tumor microwave ablation were compared between the two groups. The patients were followed up to 1 year after the operation, and the microwave ablation inactivation rates of the two groups were compared according to the postoperative follow-up results. There was no significant difference between CT and MRI in the levels of long and short diameter before and after microwave ablation of renal clear cell carcinoma (P > 0.05). In the CT group, CT examination was performed within 24 hours after microwave ablation treatment, and 44 of 48 ablation lesions showed complete ablation. The remaining 4 lesions showed nodular heterogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase, indicating that the tumor remained. Microwave ablation was performed on the residual lesions during the operation, and then enhanced CT was performed again to show that the lesions were ablated completely. In the MRI group, MRI examination was performed within 24 hours after microwave ablation treatment, and 45 of 48 ablation lesions showed complete ablation. The remaining 3 lesions showed nodular heterogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase, indicating that the tumor remained. Microwave ablation was performed on the residual lesions during the operation, and MRI examination showed that the lesions were ablated completely. The patients were followed up to 1 year after the operation, and the microwave ablation inactivation rate of the two groups was compared according to the postoperative follow-up results as the gold standard. The inactivation rate of microwave ablation in the CT group was 89.58 (43/48). The inactivation rate of microwave ablation in the MRI group was 100.00% (48/48). The inactivation rate of microwave ablation in the MRI group was higher than that in the CT group (χ2 = 5.275, P = 0.021).

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Budnyk, A. P., T. A. Lastovina, A. L. Bugaev, V. A. Polyakov, K. S. Vetlitsyna-Novikova, M. A. Sirota, K. G. Abdulvakhidov, A. G. Fedorenko, E. O. Podlesnaya, and A. V. Soldatov. "Gd3+-Doped Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (August 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1412563.

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) made of iron oxides with cubic symmetry (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3) are demanded objects for multipurpose in biomedical applications as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, magnetically driven carriers for drug delivery, and heaters in hyperthermia cancer treatment. An optimum balance between the right particle size and good magnetic response can be reached by a selection of a synthesis method and by doping with rare earth elements. Here, we present a microwave-assisted polyol synthesis of iron oxide MNPs with actual gadolinium (III) doping from 0.5 to 5.1 mol.%. The resulting MNPs have an average size of 14 nm with narrow size distribution. Their surface was covered by a glycol layer, which prevents aggregation and improves biocompatibility. The magnetic hyperthermia test was performed on 1 and 2 mg/ml aqueous colloidal solutions of MNPs and demonstrated their ability to rise the temperature by 3°C during a 20–30 min run. Therefore, the obtained Gd3+ MNPs are the promising material for biomedicine.

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Ambrosanio, M., R. Scapaticci, and L. Crocco. "A Simple Quantitative Inversion Approach for Microwave Imaging in Embedded Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/129823.

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In many applications of microwave imaging, there is the need of confining the device in order to shield it from environmental noise as well as to host the targets and the medium used for impedance matching purposes. For instance, in MWI for biomedical diagnostics a coupling medium is typically adopted to improve the penetration of the probing wave into the tissues. From the point of view of quantitative imaging procedures, that is aimed at retrieving the values of the complex permittivity in the domain under test, the presence of a confining structure entails an increase of complexity of the underlying modelling. This entails a further difficulty in achieving real-time imaging results, which are obviously of interest in practice. To address this challenge, we propose the application of a recently proposed inversion method that, making use of a suitable preprocessing of the data and a scenario-oriented field approximation, allows obtaining quantitative imaging results by means of quasi-real-time linear inversion, in a range of cases which is much broader than usual linearized approximations. The assessment of the method is carried out in the scalar 2D configuration and taking into account enclosures of different shapes and, to show the method’s flexibility different shapes, embedding nonweak targets.

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Chandra, Rohit, Anders J. Johansson, Mats Gustafsson, and Fredrik Tufvesson. "A Microwave Imaging-Based Technique to Localize an In-Body RF Source for Biomedical Applications." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 62, no. 5 (May 2015): 1231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2367117.

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Ullah, Md Amanath, Touhidul Alam, Mohammed Shamsul Alam, Salehin Kibria, and Mohammad Tariqul Islam. "A unidirectional 3D antenna for biomedical microwave imaging based detection of abnormality in human body." Microsystem Technologies 24, no. 12 (April 26, 2018): 4991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-3919-x.

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Kikkawa, Takamaro, Yoshihiro Masui, Akihiro Toya, Hiroyuki Ito, Takuichi Hirano, Tomoaki Maeda, Masahiro Ono, et al. "CMOS Gaussian Monocycle Pulse Transceiver for Radar-Based Microwave Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 14, no. 6 (December 2020): 1333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2020.3029282.

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Been Lim, Hooi, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Nhung, Er-Ping Li, and Nguyen Duc Thang. "Confocal Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Detection: Delay-Multiply-and-Sum Image Reconstruction Algorithm." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 6 (June 2008): 1697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.919716.

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Yifan Chen, E. Gunawan, Kay Soon Low, Shih-Chang Wang, Cheong Boon Soh, and T. C. Putti. "Effect of Lesion Morphology on Microwave Signature in 2-D Ultra-Wideband Breast Imaging." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 8 (August 2008): 2011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2008.921136.

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