Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)

Academic literature on the topic 'Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)"

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Strzelecki, Michał, and Pawel Badura. "Machine Learning for Biomedical Application." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042022.

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Kang, Xiaoying, Yue Li, Shuai Yin, Wen Li, and Ji Qi. "Reactive Species-Activatable AIEgens for Biomedical Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (August 17, 2022): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080646.

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Precision medicine requires highly sensitive and specific diagnostic strategies with high spatiotemporal resolution. Accurate detection and monitoring of endogenously generated biomarkers at the very early disease stage is of extensive importance for precise diagnosis and treatment. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) have emerged as a new type of excellent optical agents, which show great promise for numerous biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the recent advances of AIE-based probes for detecting reactive species (including reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), reactive sulfur species (RSS), and reactive carbonyl species (RCS)) and related biomedical applications. The molecular design strategies for increasing the sensitivity, tuning the response wavelength, and realizing afterglow imaging are summarized, and theranostic applications in reactive species-related major diseases such as cancer, inflammation, and vascular diseases are reviewed. The challenges and outlooks for the reactive species-activatable AIE systems for disease diagnostics and therapeutics are also discussed. This review aims to offer guidance for designing AIE-based specifically activatable optical agents for biomedical applications, as well as providing a comprehensive understanding about the structure–property application relationships. We hope it will inspire more interesting researches about reactive species-activatable probes and advance clinical translations.
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Kantsyrev, V. L., R. Bruch, R. Phaneuf, and N. G. Publicover. "New Concepts for X-Ray, Soft X-Ray, and EUV Optical Instrumentation Including Applications in Spectroscopy, Plasma Diagnostics, and Biomedical Microscopy: A Status Report." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (1997): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-1997-7206.

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Kantsyrev, V. "New Concepts for X-Ray, Soft X-Ray, and EUV Optical Instrumentation Including Applications in Spectroscopy, Plasma Diagnostics, and Biomedical Microscopy: A Status Report." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1997): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jxra.1997.0257.

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Stepanov, Eugene V., Alexander N. Glushko, Vadim K. Konyukhov, and Dmitriy A. Lapshin. "Soft- and hardware platform for spectral analysis systems based on tunable semiconductor lasers." Laser Physics 32, no. 8 (June 15, 2022): 084007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ac7330.

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Abstract A soft- and hardware platform is described for supporting the operation of spectral analysis devices and systems based on tunable semiconductor lasers. The wide spectral range covered by lasers of this type and the versatility of methods for controlling their spectral parameters make it possible to solve various problems within the framework of a single instrumental approach. This includes the most complex tasks of spectral analysis of multicomponent gas mixtures including atmospheric and exhaled air. Main areas of the platform application include IR molecular spectroscopy, chemical technologies, atmospheric pollution control, diagnostics of low-temperature plasma components, biomedical diagnostics.
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Wang, Jue, Mira Naftaly, and Edward Wasige. "An Overview of Terahertz Imaging with Resonant Tunneling Diodes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 10, 2022): 3822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083822.

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Terahertz (THz) imaging is a rapidly growing application motivated by industrial demands including harmless (non-ionizing) security imaging, multilayer paint quality control within the automotive industry, insulating foam non-invasive testing in aerospace, and biomedical diagnostics. One of the key components in the imaging system is the source and detector. This paper gives a brief overview of room temperature THz transceiver technology for imaging applications based on the emerging resonant tunneling diode (RTD) devices. The reported results demonstrate that RTD technology is a very promising candidate to realize compact, low-cost THz imaging systems.
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Farasat, Malihe, Ehsan Aalaei, Saeed Kheirati Ronizi, Atin Bakhshi, Shaghayegh Mirhosseini, Jun Zhang, Nam-Trung Nguyen, and Navid Kashaninejad. "Signal-Based Methods in Dielectrophoresis for Cell and Particle Separation." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070510.

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Separation and detection of cells and particles in a suspension are essential for various applications, including biomedical investigations and clinical diagnostics. Microfluidics realizes the miniaturization of analytical devices by controlling the motion of a small volume of fluids in microchannels and microchambers. Accordingly, microfluidic devices have been widely used in particle/cell manipulation processes. Different microfluidic methods for particle separation include dielectrophoretic, magnetic, optical, acoustic, hydrodynamic, and chemical techniques. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method for manipulating polarizable particles’ trajectories in non-uniform electric fields using unique dielectric characteristics. It provides several advantages for dealing with neutral bioparticles owing to its sensitivity, selectivity, and noninvasive nature. This review provides a detailed study on the signal-based DEP methods that use the applied signal parameters, including frequency, amplitude, phase, and shape for cell/particle separation and manipulation. Rather than employing complex channels or time-consuming fabrication procedures, these methods realize sorting and detecting the cells/particles by modifying the signal parameters while using a relatively simple device. In addition, these methods can significantly impact clinical diagnostics by making low-cost and rapid separation possible. We conclude the review by discussing the technical and biological challenges of DEP techniques and providing future perspectives in this field.
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Ozkan-Ariksoysal, Dilsat. "Current Perspectives in Graphene Oxide-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Diagnostics." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080607.

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Since the first commercial biosensor device for blood glucose measurement was introduced in the 1970s, many “biosensor types” have been developed, and this research area remains popular worldwide. In parallel with some global biosensor research reports published in the last decade, including a great deal of literature and industry statistics, it is predicted that biosensor design technologies, including handheld or wearable devices, will be preferred and highly valuable in many areas in the near future. Biosensors using nanoparticles still maintain their very important place in science and technology and are the subject of innovative research projects. Among the nanomaterials, carbon-based ones are considered to be one of the most valuable nanoparticles, especially in the field of electrochemical biosensors. In this context, graphene oxide, which has been used in recent years to increase the electrochemical analysis performance in biosensor designs, has been the subject of this review. In fact, graphene is already foreseen not only for biosensors but also as the nanomaterial of the future in many fields and is therefore drawing research attention. In this review, recent and prominent developments in biosensor technologies using graphene oxide (GO)-based nanomaterials in the field of cancer diagnosis are briefly summarized.
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Yadav, Amit K., Damini Verma, Reena K. Sajwan, Mrinal Poddar, Sumit K. Yadav, Awadhesh Kumar Verma, and Pratima R. Solanki. "Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Nanodiagnostics for Human and Gut Metabolites Diagnostics: Recent Advances and Challenges." Biosensors 12, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12090733.

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Metabolites are the intermediatory products of metabolic processes catalyzed by numerous enzymes found inside the cells. Detecting clinically relevant metabolites is important to understand their physiological and biological functions along with the evolving medical diagnostics. Rapid advances in detecting the tiny metabolites such as biomarkers that signify disease hallmarks have an immense need for high-performance identifying techniques. Low concentrations are found in biological fluids because the metabolites are difficult to dissolve in an aqueous medium. Therefore, the selective and sensitive study of metabolites as biomarkers in biological fluids is problematic. The different non-electrochemical and conventional methods need a long time of analysis, long sampling, high maintenance costs, and costly instrumentation. Hence, employing electrochemical techniques in clinical examination could efficiently meet the requirements of fully automated, inexpensive, specific, and quick means of biomarker detection. The electrochemical methods are broadly utilized in several emerging and established technologies, and electrochemical biosensors are employed to detect different metabolites. This review describes the advancement in electrochemical sensors developed for clinically associated human metabolites, including glucose, lactose, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, etc., and gut metabolites such as TMAO, TMA, and indole derivatives. Different sensing techniques are evaluated for their potential to achieve relevant degrees of multiplexing, specificity, and sensitivity limits. Moreover, we have also focused on the opportunities and remaining challenges for integrating the electrochemical sensor into the point-of-care (POC) devices.
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Zambry, Nor Syafirah, Godwin Attah Obande, Muhammad Fazli Khalid, Yazmin Bustami, Hairul Hisham Hamzah, Mohd Syafiq Awang, Ismail Aziah, and Asrulnizam Abd Manaf. "Utilizing Electrochemical-Based Sensing Approaches for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples: A Review." Biosensors 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12070473.

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The development of precise and efficient diagnostic tools enables early treatment and proper isolation of infected individuals, hence limiting the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The standard diagnostic tests used by healthcare workers to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have some limitations, including longer detection time, the need for qualified individuals, and the use of sophisticated bench-top equipment, which limit their use for rapid SARS-CoV-2 assessment. Advances in sensor technology have renewed the interest in electrochemical biosensors miniaturization, which provide improved diagnostic qualities such as rapid response, simplicity of operation, portability, and readiness for on-site screening of infection. This review gives a condensed overview of the current electrochemical sensing platform strategies for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical samples. The fundamentals of fabricating electrochemical biosensors, such as the chosen electrode materials, electrochemical transducing techniques, and sensitive biorecognition molecules, are thoroughly discussed in this paper. Furthermore, we summarised electrochemical biosensors detection strategies and their analytical performance on diverse clinical samples, including saliva, blood, and nasopharyngeal swab. Finally, we address the employment of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors integrated with microfluidic technology in viral electrochemical biosensors, emphasizing its potential for on-site diagnostics applications.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)"

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Grove, Fraser Traves Smith. "Impedance Sensing of N2A and Astrocytes as Grounds for a Central Nervous System Cancer Diagnostic Device." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/782.

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This thesis utilizes previously described manufacturing and design techniques for the creation of a PDMS-glass bonded microfluidic device, capable of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS has been used across various fields of research for different diagnostic needs. The major aim of this thesis was to capture cancerous and non-cancerous cells between micron sized electrodes within a microfluidic path, and to complete analysis on the measured impedances recorded from the two differing cell types. Two distinct ranges of impedance frequency were analyzed – the α dispersion range, which quantifies the impedance of the membranes of the cells of interest, and the β dispersion range, which quantifies the impedance of the cytosol of the cells of interest. This thesis is unique in the fact that it looks at the cellular impedances of two types of neural cells, which has not been documented previously in literature. The type of cancerous cells analyzed were Neuro-2-A cells, an immortalized line of murine glio/neuroblastoma. The type of non-cancerous cells analyzed were murine primary astrocytes, a mortal line of neurological support cells found throughout the nervous system, and with great abundance in the brain. By using a LabView program coded by a previous Cal Poly student, a sweep scan across a wide frequency range was completed on both cell types, and statistical analysis was completed on target frequencies of interest. A significant difference was found between the two cell lines’ membrane impedances, however no difference was found between the cytoplasm impedances. In total, this thesis aimed to fabricate a reusable microfluidic device capable of EIS for future Cal Poly students, create a protocol suitable for cell culturing and device operation, and to lay a foundation of knowledge for impedance comparisons regarding neural cancerous and non-cancerous cells.
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(6615704), Rachael Swenson. "Design of a Closed Loop System for Glaucoma Treatment including Measurement of Intraocular Pressure and Therapeutic Stimulation of the Eye." Thesis, 2019.

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Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide effecting more than 2.7 million people in the U.S alone. Treatments exist in the form of both pharmaceutical and surgical options, but often do not provide the desired efficacy. For example, the failure rate of a trabeculectomy procedure is 39% within 5 years. Additionally, none of the current glaucoma treatments allow for closed loop monitoring of pressure, therefore requiring more frequent doctor visits. Glaucoma management can be improved through the use of a closed loop application of electroceutical treatment. The goal is to develop an implantable device that will be inserted into the eye to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP) and provide responsive therapeutic stimulation to the eye. I designed a discrete pressure monitoring system that interacts with a bare die piezoresistive pressure sensor. The system is based on a Wheatstone bridge design which translates the input resistances of the pressure sensor into a voltage output. This system has an average accuracy of 0.53 mmHg and draws 295 µW of power. I then combined this pressure system with data processing code and Howland current pump stimulation circuitry. This simulation system can output up to 1.05 mA of current for electroceutical intraocular stimulation to lower IOP. Future work will involve miniaturizing the circuitries in the form of an ASIC and packaging the entire system into an ocular implant. This implant can wirelessly monitor IOP and provide therapeutic stimulation to lower IOP. A reliable, closed loop method of lowering IOP would greatly benefit the ever-growing population affected by glaucoma.

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Swetha, M. "Automation of Microscopic Tests for Cyto-diagnostics Using Custom-built Slide Scanner." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/2717.

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Optical microscopy is the simplest and the gold standard method adopted for the screening and subsequent diagnosis of various hematological and infectious diseases like malaria, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis etc. In addition to infectious disease diagnosis, its applications range from routine blood tests to the more sophisticated cancer biopsy sample analysis. Microscopy Tests (MTs) follow a common procedural workflow: (1) A technician prepares a smear of the given sample on a glass slide in a specific manner depending on the sample and the disease to be diagnosed; (2) The smeared slide is subsequently exposed to fixative agents and different histochemical stains specific to the diagnosis to be performed and (3) the prepared slide is then observed under a high quality bright- field bench-top microscope. An expert pathologist/cytologist is required to manually examine multiple fields-of-views of the prepared slide under appropriate magnification. Multiple re-adjustments in the focus and magnification makes the process of microscopic examination time consuming and tedious. Further, the manual intervention required in all the aforementioned steps involved in a typical MT, makes it inaccessible to rural/resource limited conditions and restricts the diagnostics to be performed by trained personnel in laboratory settings. To overcome these limitations, there has been considerable research interest in developing cost-effective systems that help in automating MTs. The work done in this thesis addresses these issues and proposes a two-step solution to the problem of affordable automation of MTs for cellular imaging and subsequent diagnostic assessment. The first step deals with the development of a low cost portable system that employs custom-built microscopy setup using o -the-shelf optical components, low cost motorized stage and camera modules to facilitate slide scanning and digital image acquisition. It incorporates a novel computational approach to generate good quality in-focus images, without the need for employing high-end precision translational stages, thereby reducing the overall system cost. The process of slide analysis for result generation is further automated by using image analysis and classification algorithms. The application of the developed platform in automating slide based quantitative detection of malaria is reported in this thesis. The second aspect of the thesis addresses the automation of slide preparation. A major factor that could influence the analysis results is the quality of the prepared smears. The feasibility of automating and standardizing the process of slide preparation using Microfluidics with appropriate surface fictionalization is explored and is demonstrated in the context of automated semen analysis. As an alternative to the mechanism of fixing the spermatozoa to the glass slide by smearing and chemical treatment with fixative, microfluidic chips pre-coated with adhesive protein are employed to capture and immobilize the cells. The subsequent histochemical staining is achieved by pumping the stains through the microfluidic device. The proof-of-principle experiments performed in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of the developed system to provide an end-to-end cost-effective alternative solution to conventional MTs. This can further serve as an assistive tool for the pathologist or in some cases completely eliminate the manual intervention required in MTs enabling repeatability and reliability in diagnosis for clinical decision making
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Books on the topic "Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)"

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Estonia) Baltic Electronics Conference (7th 2000 Tallinn. Baltic Electronics Conference: Electronic materials and package technologies, semiconductor devices and simulation, integrated electronics and chip design, instrumentation and system design, test, diagnostics, and fault tolerance, telecommunication and optical transmission, biomedical electronics, power electronics, education and training : BEC 2000 : October 8-11, 2000, Tallinn, Estonia : conference proceedings. Tallinn: The University, 2000.

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Suar, Mrutyunjay, Namrata Misra, and Neel Sarovar Bhavesh. Biomedical Imaging Instrumentation: Applications in Tissue, Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2021.

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Suar, Mrutyunjay, Namrata Misra, and Neel Sarovar Bhavesh. Biomedical Imaging Instrumentation: Applications in Tissue, Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics. Academic Press, 2021.

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J, Heller Michael, and Guttman András, eds. Integrated microfabricated biodevices: Advanced technology for genomics, drug discovery, bioanalysis, and clinical diagnostics. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2002.

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Guttman, Andras, and Michael J. Heller. Integrated Microfabricated Biodevices: Advanced Technologies for Genomics, Drug Discovery, Bioanalysis, and Clinical Diagnostics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Guttman, Andras, and Michael J. Heller. Integrated Microfabricated Biodevices: Advanced Technologies for Genomics, Drug Discovery, Bioanalysis, and Clinical Diagnostics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Guttman, Andras, and Michael J. Heller. Integrated Microfabricated Biodevices: Advanced Technologies for Genomics, Drug Discovery, Bioanalysis, and Clinical Diagnostics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Guttman, Andras, and Michael J. Heller. Integrated Microfabricated Biodevices: Advanced Technologies for Genomics, Drug Discovery, Bioanalysis, and Clinical Diagnostics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Guttman, Andras, and Michael J. Heller. Integrated Microfabricated Biodevices: Advanced Technologies for Genomics, Drug Discovery, Bioanalysis, and Clinical Diagnostics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Zrazhevskiy, P., and X. Gao. Bioconjugated quantum dots for tumor molecular imaging and profiling. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.17.

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This article discusses the use of bioconjugated quantum dots (QDs) for tumor molecular imaging and profiling. The need for personalized diagnostics and therapy is becoming apparent in all areas of medicine, and especially urgent and sought after in treating cancer. Mechanisms of cancerogenesis and cancer response to therapy remain poorly understood, thus precluding accurate cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and effective treatment. Accurate molecular profiling of individual tumors is one key to effective treatment. This article first considers the photophysical properties of QDs before reviewing the most common methods for engineering QD-based probes for biomedical applications, including water solubilization and bioconjugation approaches. It also describes a number of techniques for molecular imagingand profiling of tumors, ranging from QD-based multicolor flow cytometry and applications of QDs in high-resolution correlated fluorescence/electron microscopy, QD bioprobes for molecular profiling of tumor-tissue sections and microarrays, and QD-oligonucleotide bioconjugates for in-situ hybridization.
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Book chapters on the topic "Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)"

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Baldacchini, G., F. D’Amato, G. Giubileo, and S. Martellucci. "Tunable Diode Laser Detection of Small Traces of Gases for Medical Diagnostics." In Biomedical Optical Instrumentation and Laser-Assisted Biotechnology, 185–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1750-7_15.

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Kushwaha, Gajraj Singh, Neel Sarovar Bhavesh, Namrata Misra, and Mrutyunjay Suar. "Biomedical techniques in cellular and molecular diagnostics: Journey so far and the way forward." In Biomedical Imaging Instrumentation, 1–12. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85650-8.00001-2.

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Pradeep, Doniparthi, Manoj Kumar Tembhre, Anita Singh Parihar, and Chandrabhan Rao. "Magnetic resonance imaging: Basic principles and advancement in clinical and diagnostics approaches in health care." In Biomedical Imaging Instrumentation, 45–66. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-85650-8.00005-x.

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Raghavender Suresh, Raghavv, Shruthee Sankarlinkam, Sai Rakshana Karuppusami, Niraimathi Pandiyan, Suwetha Bharathirengan, Dinesh Kumar Subbiah, Soorya Srinivasan, Arockia Jayalatha Kulandaisamy, and Noel Nesakumar. "Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticles." In Handbook of Research on Green Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials, 289–311. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8936-6.ch013.

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In recent years, there has been significant growth and burgeoning interest in utilizing nanoparticles for various biomedical applications, including medical diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and biomedical textiles. In particular, nanoparticles functionalized with biological molecules have unique properties and are very effective in medical diagnostics. Besides that, nanoparticles have a wide range of therapeutic applications, including the development of nanodrug delivery systems, the design of novel drugs, as well as their contribution to the design of therapeutic materials. This chapter provides an overview of recent advancements in the biomedical applications of nanoparticles. Finally, this chapter discusses the challenges of the toxicological evaluation of engineered nanoparticles and the importance of conducting detailed studies on the synthesis of future nanomaterials to develop cutting-edge technologies for addressing a wide range of biomedical issues.
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Zhang, Ling, Yuru Feng, Jun Fan, and Er-Ping Li. "High-Frequency Electromagnetic Interference Diagnostics." In Electromagnetic Wave Propagation for Industry and Biomedical Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97613.

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Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is becoming more troublesome in modern electronic systems due to the continuous increase of communication data rates. This chapter reviews some new methodologies for high-frequency EMI diagnostics in recent researches. Optical modules, as a typical type of gigahertz radiator, are studied in this chapter. First, the dominant radiation modules and EMI coupling paths in an explicit optical module are analyzed using simulation and measurement techniques. Correspondingly, practical mitigation approaches are proposed to suppress the radiation in real product applications. Moreover, an emission source microscopy (ESM) method, which can rapidly localize far-field radiators, is applied to diagnose multiple optical modules and identify the dominant sources. Finally, when numerous optical modules work simultaneously in a large network router, a formula based on statistical analysis can estimate the maximum far-field emission and the probability of passing electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations. This chapter reviews a systematic procedure for EMI diagnostics at high frequencies, including EMI coupling path analysis and mitigation, emission source localization, and radiation estimation using statistical analysis.
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T. Banigo, Alma, Chigozie A. Nnadiekwe, and Emmanuel M. Beasi. "Recent Advances in Biosensing in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine." In Biomedical Engineering. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104922.

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In tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, biosensors act as analytical devices that combine biological elements with electrical components to generate a measurable signal. The application of biosensing in the nearest future may need high performance, incorporation of biosensors into feedback-based devices, advanced diagnostics as well as detection of toxins. These functionalities will aid the biosensors with increased sensitivity, specificity, and the ability to detect multiple analytes. With the newly improved strategies in fabrication, sensors may develop high spatial sensitivity and draw us near actualizing capable devices. Although biosensors have been produced in past years, there are still pending challenges such as scale-up process and long-term stability of commercial products that should be addressed. This review will also involve the application of additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D bioprinting to produce world-recognized biosensors. We will focus on some bioprinting techniques including laser direct-write and also consider microfluidic tissue engineering which can sense biomolecules in the miniaturized tissue constructs in real time at quite low concentration through different sensing systems. We also review its advances in mobile Health (mhealth) technologies for detection and monitoring as biosensors are produced with living cells encapsulated in 3D microenvironments. These advances and many more will, however, grow the community of biosensors and their availability in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Rozen, Yuri. "Properties of Safety Important I&C Systems and their Components." In Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems for Safety and Security, 61–115. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5133-3.ch003.

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Operation reliability of NPP I&C and its components is considered in this chapter. Besides quantitative measures, qualitative features that provide required functional reliability such as protection against Common Cause Failures (CCF), single-failure criterion, redundancy, diversity, prevention of personnel errors, and technical diagnostics, are discussed. A group of features of NPP I&C and its components, united by “performance resistance,” is also considered. In particular, they are resistance to environment influences, mechanical influences (including earthquake impacts), insensitivity changes of power supply, and electromagnetic disturbances. Operation quality issues are considered. By quality (in a broad sense), the authors mean the accuracy, response rate characteristics, and features of human-machine interfaces. Features that provide NPP I&C independence from malfunction or removal from operation of system components (including redundant ones) or from adjacent NPP I&C, and the decrease of possible impact of components on other adjacent systems (electromagnetic emission, fire safety) are described as well.
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Wathsala N. Jinadasa, M. H., Amila C. Kahawalage, Maths Halstensen, Nils-Olav Skeie, and Klaus-Joachim Jens. "Deep Learning Approach for Raman Spectroscopy." In Recent Developments in Atomic Force Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy for Materials Characterization. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99770.

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Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technique for organic and inorganic chemical material identification. Throughout the last century, major improvements in lasers, spectrometers, detectors, and holographic optical components have uplifted Raman spectroscopy as an effective device for a variety of different applications including fundamental chemical and material research, medical diagnostics, bio-science, in-situ process monitoring and planetary investigations. Undoubtedly, mathematical data analysis has been playing a vital role to speed up the migration of Raman spectroscopy to explore different applications. It supports researchers to customize spectral interpretation and overcome the limitations of the physical components in the Raman instrument. However, large, and complex datasets, interferences from instrumentation noise and sample properties which mask the true features of samples still make Raman spectroscopy as a challenging tool. Deep learning is a powerful machine learning strategy to build exploratory and predictive models from large raw datasets and has gained more attention in chemical research over recent years. This chapter demonstrates the application of deep learning techniques for Raman signal-extraction, feature-learning and modelling complex relationships as a support to researchers to overcome the challenges in Raman based chemical analysis.
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Lakkakul, Rita, and Pradip Hirapure. "CRISPR Technology: Emerging Tools of Genome Editing and Protein Detection." In Molecular Cloning [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102516.

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CRISPR technology has seen rapid development in applications ranging from genomic and epigenetic changes to protein identification throughout the last decade. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems have transformed the ability to edit, control the genomic nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid target such as detection of proteins. CRISPR/Cas systems are RNA-guided endonucleases exhibiting distinct cleavage activities deployed in the development of analytical techniques. Apart from genome editing technology, CRISPR/Cas has also been incorporated in amplified detection of proteins, transcriptional modulation, cancer biomarkers, and rapid detection of POC (point of care) diagnostics for various diseases such as Covid-19. Current protein detection methods incorporate sophisticated instrumentation and extensive sensing procedures with less reliable, quantitative, and sensitive detection of proteins. The precision and sensitivity brought in by CRISPR-dependent detection of proteins will ensure the elimination of current impediments. CRISPR-based amplification strategies have been used for accurate estimation of proteins including aptamer-based assay, femtomolar detection of proteins in living cells, immunoassays, and isothermal proximal assay for high throughput. The chapter will provide a comprehensive summary of key developments in emerging tools of genome editing and protein detection deploying CRISPR technology, and its future perspectives will be discussed.
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Aljabali, Alaa A. A., Kaushik Pal, Rasha M. Bashatwah, and Murtaza M. Tambuwala. "Conclusion, Outlook, and Prospects: Bionanomaterials in Clinical Utilization." In Bionanotechnology: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools, 177–94. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051278122010010.

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Nanomaterials have contributed to significant advancements in the realms of biotechnology and medicine. A holistic examination of the different biocompatible nanocomposites is discussed in this chapter. Their compatibility with state-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as additive manufacturing to design practical surgical implants, is also discussed. The importance and potential of nanocomposites and manufacturing processes in implantable medical device industries are also thoroughly considered. Nanomaterials' unique characteristics contrast with their large counterparts, such as high surfaces, reactivity, and reproducibility. Their incorporation in matrices has shown that the resultant composites' mechanical, chemical, and physical properties can be improved.Consequently, a wide variety of technical technologies, such as energy products, biomedical applications, micro-electrical equipment etc., have been intensively researched. Furthermore, the foundation for many new medicines and surgical instruments, including nanorobots, has been built on nanobiotechnology. It has been utilized in almost every medical sector, and its usage in the treatment of different diseases, such as cancer, neurobiology, cardiovascular disorders, joint and bone disorders, eye diseases, and infectious diseases, has been evident through different studies. Nanobiotechnology can promote diagnostics and the advancement of customized medicine, i.e., prescribing unique therapeutics that are tailored to an individual's needs. Many advances have already begun, and a definite effect on medicine practice will be felt in a decade.
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Conference papers on the topic "Biomedical instrumentation (including diagnostics)"

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Filiaci, M., V. Toronov, S. Fantini, and E. Gratton. "Optical Probe and Frequency-Domain Instrumentation to Study Spatial and Temporal Correlations of Fluctuations in Tissues." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1998.btud5.

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Fedorov, V. I., V. M. Klementiev, A. G. Khamoyan, E. Ya Shevela, and E. R. Chernykh. "Terahertz radiation may be used in medical diagnostics." In Novel Optical Instrumentation for Biomedical Applications IV. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831749.

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Meglinsky, I. V., D. A. Boas, A. G. Yodh, and B. Chance. "In vivo Measuring of Blood Flow Changes using Diffusing Wave Correlation Techniques." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.cm2.

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In recent years there has been a growing interest in the study of flow phenomena in complex fluids using photon speckle correlation techniques 1, 2 . The best-known applications of these studies in biology and medicine are the non-invasive measurements of blood flow in large and small blood vessels, as well as the blood volume changes in capillary loops of muscles and other biological tissues In this contribution, methods for probing the spatially varying dynamics of blood flow in heterogeneous turbid media with diffusing light are applied. The method utilizes the Doppler broadening of light that arises in a multiply scattering dynamical media, but the method is also responsive to μa, μs’ changes. Specifically, we use correlation techniques to monitor blood flow in the arm during cuff ischemia. Our measurements clearly show blood flow changes with cuff pressures, including the hyperemic overshoot after cuff release. In this paper we describe experiments, and discuss the results with some theoretical explanation and correlation with physiological phenomena.
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Quaresima, Valentina, Romina Sfareni, Steve J. Matcher, Jeffrey W. Hall, and Marco Ferrari. "Optical Mapping of the Human Breast using Second Derivative Near Infrared Spectroscopy." In Biomedical Optical Spectroscopy and Diagnostics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bosd.1996.ap5.

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Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (650-1100 nm) has been applicated for monitoring of brain and muscle oxygenation. Although optical breast imaging instrumentation, using one to four wavelengths in the NIR range, has been developed, very few in vivo breast spectral data are available. This study reports the optical map of breasts and an accurate characterization of spectroscopic fatures by derivative and difference spectroscopy. The bands due to water, lipids and deoxy-hemoglobin have been precisely identified. Results indicate that there is a large variability of breast composition at different locations in the same subject as well as amongst subjects.
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Lutz, Robert J., James Lynde, and Steven Pierson. "FLEX Loss of Instrumentation Guidance for PWRs Enhances Severe Accident Diagnostics." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60055.

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The industry response to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Order EA-12-049 is based on a set of Diverse and Flexible Coping Strategies (commonly referred to as FLEX) for beyond design basis external events as described in NEI 12-06. The Pressurized Water Reactors Owners Group (PWROG) developed generic guidance for response to these Beyond Design Basis External Events (BDBEE), called FLEX Support Guidelines (FSGs). These guidelines are referenced from the plant Emergency Operating Procedures (EOPs) when it is determined that an event exhibits certain beyond design basis characteristics such as an Extended Loss of all AC Power (ELAP). These generic FLEX Support Guidelines provide a uniform basis for all PWRs to implement the FLEX guidance in NEI 12-06 that was endorsed by the NRC to maintain core, containment and spent fuel cooling. The PWROG generic FSGs include guidance in FSG-7, “Loss of Vital Instrumentation or Control Power” for obtaining information for key plant parameters in an ELAP event. The key parameters were selected based on industry guidance and plant specific implementation. This set of key parameters will allow the licensed operators to have vital instrumentation to safely shutdown the core and maintain the core in a shutdown condition, including core, containment and spent fuel pool cooling. These parameters are used in the EOPs as well as the FSGs that are designed to mitigate a beyond design basis event. The requirements of NEI 12-06, as implemented through the FSGs, enhance both availability and reliability of instrumentation by requiring diverse methods of providing DC power for instrumentation and control as well as protection of instrumentation from the beyond design basis event. The subsequent implementation of this guidance at the Byron Station has proven to also be beneficial for diagnosis of severe accident conditions (where core cooling could not be maintained). The same parameter values that are needed to verify core, containment and spent fuel cooling prior to core damage are also needed to diagnose severe accident conditions. Guidance provided within FSG-7, as implemented at the Byron Station, contains several layers of diverse methods to obtain parametric values for key variables that can be especially useful when the environmental qualification is exceeded for the primary instrumentation that provides this information. The methods range from the use of self-powered portable monitoring equipment to the use of local mechanical instrumentation. The FSG-7 guidance is referenced from the Byron Severe Accident Management Guidance (SAMG) to either obtain parameter information during a severe accident or to validate the information that is available from the primary instrumentation.
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Kantsyrev, Victor L., Bruno S. Bauer, Nelson G. Publicover, Dmitry A. Fedin, and Nicholas Ammons. "Development and application of the x-ray/EUV calibration facility with a laser plasma source for plasma diagnostics and biomedical x-ray microscopy." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Richard B. Hoover and Arthur B. C. Walker II. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.363642.

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Wahba, George M., Nitin N. Bhatia, and Thay Q. Lee. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Short-Segment Posterior Instrumentation With Crosslinks in an Unstable Human Burst Fracture Model." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83066.

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Unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures are serious injuries and their management remains controversial. Some authors advocate the use of short-segment posterior instrumentation (SSPI) for certain burst fractures which offers several benefits including preservation of motion segments; however, clinical studies have shown mixed results. Whether crosslinks contribute sufficient stability to this construct has not been determined, therefore the objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of short-segment posterior instrumentation, with and without crosslinks, in an unstable human burst fracture model.
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Rasool, Noman, and Waqas Un Nabi. "Pipeline Operations Improvement With Ultrasonic Meter Diagnostics." In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78266.

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Ultrasonic meters are widely accepted as being robust, reliable and having the ability to provide custody transfer accuracy over varied application ranges. Because of these characteristics and their inherent advanced signal processing and non-intrusive design, the meters have the capability to deliver unique performance and diagnostic information that can be used to improve Pipeline operations and Leak Detection applications. This paper presents real time data from liquid ultrasonic meters. The data helps to improve pipeline operations including dual Drag Reducing Agent (DRA) injections, Batch Detection (BD), Commodity Movement Tracking (CMT) etc. Diagnostic data can also identify upstream instrumentation anomalies and illustrate the abilities of the utilizing diagnostics within liquid ultrasonic meters to further improve current leak detection real time transient models (RTTM) and pipeline operational procedures. The paper discusses considerations addressed while evaluating data and understanding the importance of accuracy within the metering equipment utilized. It also elaborates on significant benefits associated with the utilization of ultrasonic meters capabilities and the importance of diagnosing other pipeline issues and uncertainties outside of measurement errors.
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Jiang, Xiaomo, and Craig Foster. "Plant Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics: Remote, Real-Time and Automation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27314.

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Combined cycle gas turbine plants are built and operated with higher availability, reliability, and performance than simple cycle in order to help provide the customer with capabilities to generate operating revenues and reduce fuel costs while enhancing dispatch competitiveness. The availability of a power plant can be improved by increasing the reliability of individual assets through maintenance enhancement and performance degradation recovery through remote efficiency monitoring to provide timely corrective recommendations. This paper presents a comprehensive system and methodology to pursue this purpose by using instrumented data to automate performance modeling for real-time monitoring and anomaly detection of combined cycle gas turbine power plants. Through thermodynamic performance modeling of main assets in a power plant such as gas turbines, steam turbines, heat recovery steam generators, condensers and other auxiliaries, the system provides an intelligent platform and methodology to drive customer-specific, asset-driven performance improvements, mitigate outage risks, rationalize operational patterns, and enhance maintenance schedules and service offerings at total plant level via taking appropriate proactive actions. In addition, the paper presents the components in the automated remote monitoring system, including data instrumentation, performance modeling methodology, operational anomaly detection, and component-based degradation assessment. As demonstrated in two examples, this remote performance monitoring of a combined cycle power plant aims to improve equipment efficiency by converting data into knowledge and solutions in order to drive values for customers including shortening outage downtime, lowering operating fuel cost and increasing customer power sales and life cycle value of the power plant.
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Komirisetty, Archana, Frances Williams, Aswini Pradhan, and Meric Arslan. "Integrating Sensors With Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93121.

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This paper presents the fabrication of sensors that are integrated with nanostructures and bio-functionalized to create novel devices for biomedical applications. Biosensors are in great demand for various applications including for the agriculture and food industries, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. Much research is being focused on the use of nanostructures (nanowires, nanotubes, nanoparticles, etc.) to provide for miniaturization and improved performance of these devices. The use of nanostructures is favorable for such applications since their sizes are closer to that of biological and chemical species and therefore, improve the signal generated. Moreover, their high surface-to-volume ratio results in devices with very high sensitivity. The use of nanotechnology leads to smaller, lower-power smart devices. Thus, this paper presents the integration of sensors with nanostructures for biomedical applications, specifically, glucose sensing. In the work presented, a glucose biosensor and its fabrication process flow are described. The device is based on electrochemical sensing using a working electrode with bio-functionalized zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods. Among all metal oxide nanostructures, ZnO nano-materials play a significant role as a sensing element in biosensors due to their properties such as high isoelectric point (IEP), fast electron transfer, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and chemical stability which are very crucial parameters to achieve high sensitivity. Amperometric enzyme electrodes based on glucose oxidase (GOx) are used due to their stability and high selectivity to glucose. The device also consists of silicon dioxide and titanium layers as well as platinum working and counter electrodes and a silver/silver chloride reference electrode. The chlorination process on the reference electrode was optimized for various times using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS or EDX) measurements. The ZnO nanorods were grown using the hydrothermal method and will be bio-functionalized with GOx for electrochemical sensing. Once completed, the sensors will be tested to characterize their performance, including their sensitivity and stability.
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