Journal articles: 'BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENT'

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Broer, Klaas H. "Instrument evaluation in biomedical sciences." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 5, no. 4 (April 1986): xxii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(86)80052-8.

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Li, Zheng Jeremy. "Mathematical Modeling and Computational Simulation of a New Biomedical Instrument Design." ISRN Biomathematics 2012 (December 10, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/256741.

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Endo surgiclip instrument is the biomedical instrument that can be applied for endoscopic surgery to assist surgeons in homeostasis and secure mucosal gap surfaces during surgical operations. Since some clinic feedbacks show the surgiclip drop-off incidents which can potentially sever organ and tissue, the improvement of endo surgiclip instrument has been made in these years. Since few research papers were involved in the study of endo surgiclip instrument performance via mathematical modeling and computational simulation, currently some instrumental modifications are mainly based on clinic lab tests which prolong the improvement cycle and increase additional manufacturing cost. This paper introduces a new biomedical surgiclip instrument based on mathematical modeling, computer-aided simulation, and prototype testing. The analytic methodology proposed in this paper can help engineers in biomedical industry develop and improve biomedical instrument. Compared to the current conventional surgiclip instruments, this new surgiclip instrument can properly assist surgeon in surgical procedure with less operational force and no surgiclip drop-off incident. The prototype has also been built and tested. Both computational simulation and prototype testing show close results which validate the feasibility of this newly developed endo surgiclip instrument and the methodologies of mathematical modeling based computational simulation proposed in this paper.

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Heibeyn, Jan, Nils König, Nadine Domnik, Matthias Schweizer, Max Kinzius, Armin Janß, and Klaus Radermacher. "Design and Evaluation of a Novel Instrument Gripper for Handling of Surgical Instruments." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-1001.

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Abstract Introduction: Contaminated surgical instruments are manually prepared for cleaning and disinfection in the reprocessing unit for medical devices (RUMED). Manual labour exposes staff to the risk of infection and is particularly stressful at peak times due to the large volume of instruments. Partial automation of processes by a robot could provide a solution but requires a gripper that can handle the variety of surgical instruments. This paper describes the development and first evaluation of an instrument gripper. Methods: First, an analysis of gripping geometries on basic surgical instruments is carried out. Based on the identified common features and a review of the state of the art of gripper technology, the SteriRob gripper concept is developed. The concept is compared with a force closure gripper in a series of tests using seven criteria. Results: Both gripping approaches investigated can be used for handling surgical instruments in a pick-and-place process. However, the SteriRob gripper can transmit significantly higher acting forces and torques. In addition, the gripping process is more robust against deviations from the expected instrument position. Conclusion: Overall, it has been shown that the developed instrument gripper is suitable for about 60% of reusable surgical instruments due to the focus on horizontal cylindrical geometries. Because of the large possible force transmission, this gripping approach is particularly suitable for tasks in which the robot assists with cleaning processes.

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Wagner, Lars, Lukas Bernhard, Jonas Fuchtmann, Mert Asim Karaoglu, Alexander Ladikos, Hubertus Feußner, and Dirk Wilhelm. "Integrating 3D cameras into sterile surgical environments: A comparison of different protective materials regarding scan accuracy." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-0007.

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Abstract This work presents a sterile concept for 3D cameras within sterile surgical environments. In the digital operating room (OR), such cameras can serve as a valuable data source for cognitive workflow assistance systems, e.g decision or mechatronic support systems. One recent example are robotic assistants for instrument handling, such as the robotic scrub nurse currently developed in the framework of the SASHA-OR research project1. In this context, we detect laparoscopic instruments and the surgical environment with a 3D camera, whereby hygienic requirements need to be met. Using a Zivid Two sensor, we generated point clouds of the laparoscopic instruments located in an instrument holder and a drop zone. We compared the effect of using different pane types and thicknesses for the sterile camera enclosure and compared the performance with and without protective pane in terms of the point cloud accuracy. When analyzing multiple pane types, polymethyl methacrylate with 0.5 mm thickness (PMMA 0.5) provided the best results. At a scan distance of 560 mm to the surface center, which is required for the complete acquisition of a laparoscopic instrument, PMMA 0.5 achieved the smallest Chamfer distance (CD) values for both the scans with the laparoscopic instruments in the instrument holder (0.23 ± 1.52 mm) and in the drop zone (0.12 ± 0.25 mm).

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Muralidhar, Deutschland, Shiva Sirasala, Venkata Jammalamadaka, Moritz Spiller, Thomas Sühn, Alfredo Illanes, Axel Boese, and Michael Friebe. "Collaborative Robot as Scrub Nurse." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-1035.

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Abstract Under-staffing of nurses is a significant problem in most countries. It is expected to rise in the coming years, making it challenging to perform crucial tasks like assessing a patient's condition, assisting the surgeon in medical procedures, catheterization and Blood Transfusion etc., Automation of some essential tasks would be a viable idea to overcome this shortage of nurses. One such task intended to automate is the role of a 'Scrub Nurse' by using a robotic arm to hand over the surgical instruments. In this project, we propose to use a Collaborative Robotic-arm as a Scrub nurse that can be controlled with voice commands. The robotic arm was programmed to reach the specified position of the instruments placed on the table equipped with a voice recognition module to recognize the requested surgical instrument. When the Surgeon says "Pick Instrument", the arm picks up the instrument from the table and moves it over to the prior defined handover position. The Surgeon can take over the instrument by saying the command "Drop". Safe pathways for automatic movement of arm and handover position will be predefined by the Surgeon manually. This concept was developed considering the convenience of the Surgeon and the patient's safety, tested for collision, noisy environments, positioning failures and accuracy in grasping the instruments. Limitations that need to be considered in future work are the recognition of voice commands which as well as the returning of the instruments by the surgeon in a practical and safe way.

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Bachmann, Ada L., Giuliano A. Giacoppo, and Peter P. Pott. "Work space analysis of a new instrument for Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-1077.

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Abstract Minimally invasive procedures such as Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) require powerful, small, and flexible instruments. A cable-driven instrument was developed, which is able to retract tissue to create sufficient space for an actual operation (e.g. cholecystectomy). In this paper, the work space of a developed instrument is presented. The work space is calculated using direct kinematics equations and verified by measurement using an electromagnetic (EM) tracking system. The angular orientation of the instrument can be up to 85° with a length of the active section of 60 mm. However, a longitudinal rotation up to 17° becomes apparent. This is due to the characteristics of the steel cable used for actuation. Nevertheless, the instrument reaches the intended work space. Further measurements are necessary to evaluate the instrument’s behavior under payload and whether this affects the work space.

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Lebedev, Andrei D., Maria A. Ivanova, Aleksey V. Lomakin, and Valentine A. Noskin. "Heterodyne quasi-elastic light-scattering instrument for biomedical diagnostics." Applied Optics 36, no. 30 (October 20, 1997): 7518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.007518.

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Vujović, Stefan, Andjela Draganić, Maja Lakičević Žarić, Irena Orović, Miloš Daković, Marko Beko, and Srdjan Stanković. "Sparse Analyzer Tool for Biomedical Signals." Sensors 20, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092602.

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The virtual (software) instrument with a statistical analyzer for testing algorithms for biomedical signals’ recovery in compressive sensing (CS) scenario is presented. Various CS reconstruction algorithms are implemented with the aim to be applicable for different types of biomedical signals and different applications with under-sampled data. Incomplete sampling/sensing can be considered as a sort of signal damage, where missing data can occur as a result of noise or the incomplete signal acquisition procedure. Many approaches for recovering the missing signal parts have been developed, depending on the signal nature. Here, several approaches and their applications are presented for medical signals and images. The possibility to analyze results using different statistical parameters is provided, with the aim to choose the most suitable approach for a specific application. The instrument provides manifold possibilities such as fitting different parameters for the considered signal and testing the efficiency under different percentages of missing data. The reconstruction accuracy is measured by the mean square error (MSE) between original and reconstructed signal. Computational time is important from the aspect of power requirements, thus enabling the selection of a suitable algorithm. The instrument contains its own signal database, but there is also the possibility to load any external data for analysis.

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Zhuang, Ziyun, and Ho Pui Ho. "Application of digital micromirror devices (DMD) in biomedical instruments." Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 13, no. 06 (August 5, 2020): 2030011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545820300116.

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There is an ongoing technological revolution in the field of biomedical instruments. Consequently, high performance healthcare devices have led to remarkable economic developments in the medical hardware industry. Until now, nearly all optical bio-imaging systems are based on the 2-dimensional imaging chip architecture. In fact, recent developments in digital micromirror devices (DMDs) are gradually making their way from conventional optical projection displays into biomedical instruments. As an ultrahigh-speed spatial light modulator, the DMD may offer a range of new applications including real-time biomedical sensing or imaging, as well as orientation tracking and targeted screening. Given its short history, the use of DMD in biomedical and healthcare instruments has emerged only within the past decade. In this paper, we first provide an overview by summarizing all reported cases found in the literature. We then critically analyze the general pros and cons of using DMD, specifically in terms of response speed, stability, accuracy, repeatability, robustness, and degree of automation, in relation to the performance outcome of the designated instrument. Particularly, we shall focus our discussion on the use of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based devices in a set of representative instruments including the surface plasmon resonance biosensor, optical microscopes, Raman spectrometers, ophthalmoscopes, and the micro stereolithographic system. Finally, the prospects of using the DMD approach in biomedical or healthcare systems and possible next generation DMD-based biomedical devices are presented.

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Shadgan, Babak, W. Darlene Reid, Reza Gharakhanlou, Lynn Stpublisher-ids, and Andrew John Macnab. "Wireless near-infrared spectroscopy of skeletal muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics during exercise and ischemia." Spectroscopy 23, no. 5-6 (2009): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/719604.

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The majority ofin vivoapplications of near-infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) monitoring use continuous wave instruments that require a fiberoptic cable connection between the subject and the instrument during monitoring. In studies of muscle physiology where subjects are exercising, and particularly in those who are engaged in sports activity, a wireless instrument with telemetric capacity provides obvious advantages. Having access to reliable telemetric NIRS technology will also increase the practicality and scope of this biomedical monitoring technique in clinical settings.We report the feasibility of using a wireless continuous wave NIRS instrument with light emitting diodes, spatially resolved configuration, and Bluetooth®capability to study skeletal muscle oxygenation and hemodynamics during isometric contraction and ischemia induction.In ten healthy subjects comparable patterns of change in chromophore concentration (oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin), total hemoglobin and muscle oxygen saturation were observed during 3 sets of isometric voluntary forearm muscle contraction at 10, 30 and 50% of maximum voluntary capacity (MVC), and a period of ischemia generated subsequently.This small series indicates that data with good intra- and inter-subject reproducibility that is free of movement artifact can be obtained with the wireless NIRS instrument described. The validity of these muscle studies demonstrate a basis for applying wireless NIRS monitoring to publisher-id biomedical applications.

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Schaufler, Anna, Alfredo Illanes, Ivan Maldonado, Axel Boese, Roland Croner, and Michael Friebe. "Surgical Audio Guidance: Feasibility Check for Robotic Surgery Procedures." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3146.

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AbstractIn robot-assisted procedures, the surgeon controls the surgical instruments from a remote console, while visually monitoring the procedure through the endoscope. There is no haptic feedback available to the surgeon, which impedes the assessment of diseased tissue and the detection of hidden structures beneath the tissue, such as vessels. Only visual clues are available to the surgeon to control the force applied to the tissue by the instruments, which poses a risk for iatrogenic injuries. Additional information on haptic interactions of the employed instruments and the treated tissue that is provided to the surgeon during robotic surgery could compensate for this deficit. Acoustic emissions (AE) from the instrument/tissue interactions, transmitted by the instrument are a potential source of this information. AE can be recorded by audio sensors that do not have to be integrated into the instruments, but that can be modularly attached to the outside of the instruments shaft or enclosure. The location of the sensor on a robotic system is essential for the applicability of the concept in real situations. While the signal strength of the acoustic emissions decreases with distance from the point of interaction, an installation close to the patient would require sterilization measures. The aim of this work is to investigate whether it is feasible to install the audio sensor in non-sterile areas far away from the patient and still be able to receive useful AE signals. To determine whether signals can be recorded at different potential mounting locations, instrument/tissue interactions with different textures were simulated in an experimental setup. The results showed that meaningful and valuable AE can be recorded in the non-sterile area of a robotic surgical system despite the expected signal losses.

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van Bemmel, J. H. "The Young Person’s Guide to Biomedical Informatics." Methods of Information in Medicine 45, no. 06 (2006): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634133.

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Summary Objective: To draw a parallel between the challenges by which a research department in biomedical informatics is confronted and those of a symphony orchestra; in both areas different disciplines and various groups of instruments can be discerned. Method: Retrospective, personal review of how to conduct biomedical research. Results: The importance of mastering one’s instrument and the harmony between the team members is stressed. The conductor has to motivate all players so that they can have a successful career. Competition between orchestras and performance assessments determine survival and success. A record of refereed publications is crucial for continued existence. Conclusions: Biomedical informatics is typically multidisciplinary. Hypotheses underlying research should be carefully formulated. The time from research to application may easily take 20 years or more. Mutual trust and knowing each other’s competences is essential for success. A good leader gives enough room to all team members to develop their careers. The outcomes of assessment studies are directly related to the quality of publications.

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Frecker, Mary I., Katherine M. Powell, and Randy Haluck. "Design of a Multifunctional Compliant Instrument for Minimally Invasive Surgery." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 6 (July 8, 2005): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056560.

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A new multifunctional compliant instrument has been designed for use in minimally invasive surgery. The instrument combines scissors and forceps into a single multifunctional device. The main advantage of using multifunctional instruments for minimally invasive surgery is that instrument exchanges can be reduced, thus reducing procedure time and risk of inadvertent tissue injury during instrument exchanges. In this paper, the length, width, and thickness of the multifunctional compliant mechanism tool tip is optimized to maximize the jaw opening and the grasping force. The optimized design is then modeled to simulate the stresses encountered in the scissors mode. A 5.0mm diameter stainless steel prototype is fabricated using electro-discharge machining and is shown to grasp and cut successfully.

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Li, Zheng. "Design and development of a new biomedical/open surgical instrument." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 02, no. 06 (2009): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2009.26063.

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Lyu, Kunyong, Lixiao Yang, and Chengli Song. "Motion Measurement and Analysis of Different Instruments for Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3057485.

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Objective. To objectively compare and analyze the range of motion of three types of instruments for single-incision laparoscopic surgery. Material and Methods. Ten experienced participants were recruited. Straight instruments (Group A), straight/articulating instruments (Group B), and precurved instruments (Group C) were used to complete the transferring task through one site in a laparoscopic simulator. Straight instruments via two separate sites (Group D) served as control. The operation time of each group was recorded. Instrument positions were measured by an optical tracking system. The inserted length and pivoting angles were derived via MATLAB. Results. There was a significant difference in operation time between groups ( D < A < B < C , p < 0.01 ). The range of motion of instruments was different on instrument types and surgical approaches. A significant difference in the inserted length was found between groups. Instrument conflicts and inadequate triangulation were found in Group A; instrument conflicts were found in Group B; no obvious conflicts and triangulation problems were observed in Group C. The operation in Group C was similar to the operation in Group D but differed on the left/right pivoting angles. Conclusion. Different types of instruments have different ranges of motion in single-incision laparoscopic surgery. Working with precurved instruments seems like a compromise to traditional laparoscopic surgery if the transmission property, and shaft curvature of the instruments could be improved. An integrated mechanical platform or robotic system might be the ultimate solution for single-incision laparoscopic surgery to pursue even less trauma.

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Hsiao, Tzu-Chien, Chia-Chi Chang, Chien-Sheng Liu, Chii-Wann Lin, Chih-Yu Wang, Jiun-Hung Lin, Shih-Chung Chen, et al. "EDUCATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN CROSS-DISCIPLINARY WITH COLLEGES — VIRTUAL BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENT (VBI) FOR EXAMPLE." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 20, no. 03 (June 2008): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237208000751.

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Due to the rapid development of computer science, software, and biomedical engineering, many clinical diagnosis instruments and control system improved accordingly. The minimization and practicality of sensors, as well as the efficiency and stability of computers make simulation control system in medical instruments become the most important part of developing items. The relevant subject of course, virtual biomedical instrumentations (VBI), which combined with computer science, electrical engineering, and medical science, has become a major developing course in biomedical education. Cross-disciplinary research needs experts in different areas and most cross-disciplinary schools cannot afford it. So it requires integration and cooperation between schools. To address this issue, a graduated course has been designed to provide an opportunity for all professions in each field to discuss and share their resources on an e-learning platform. With the progress of the project, VBI course integrates biomedical education resources from north to south colleges to reduce the request of manpower for cross-disciplinary course of biomedical. In addition, VBI courses initiate the cooperation between academic community and industry.

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Semadeni, M., H. Zerlik, T. Brandsberg, L. Papavero, and E. Wintermantel. "Röntgentransparentes chirurgisches Instrument aus kohlenstoffaserverstärktem Thermoplast." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 40, s1 (1995): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1995.40.s1.403.

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Suter, M., A. M. Müller, V. Alfimov, M. Christl, T. Schulze-König, P. W. Kubik, H.-A. Synal, C. Vockenhuber, and L. Wacker. "Are Compact AMS Facilities a Competitive Alternative to Larger Tandem Accelerators?" Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045367.

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In the last decade, small and compact accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) systems became available operating at terminal voltages of 1 MV and below. This new category of instruments has become competitive for radiocarbon detection to larger tandem accelerators and many of these instruments are successfully used for 14C dating or biomedical applications. The AMS group at ETH Zurich has demonstrated that small instruments can be built, which allow measurements also of other radionuclides such as 10Be, 26Al, 129I, and the actinides. 41Ca measurements can be performed with sufficient sensitivity for biomedical applications. A summary of recent developments made at the 500kV Pelletron in Zurich is given and its performance is compared with that of a commercial compact instrument from the company High Voltage Engineering Europe (HVEE) in Amersfoort, the Netherlands, operating at 1MV at CNA in Seville, Spain, as well as with that of larger AMS facilities. It turns out that the ion optics, stripper design, and the detection system are critical for the performance.

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Tavousi, Mahmoud, Samira Mohammadi, Jila Sadighi, Fatemeh Zarei, Ramin Mozafari Kermani, Rahele Rostami, and Ali Montazeri. "Measuring health literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of instruments from 1993 to 2021." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 15, 2022): e0271524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271524.

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Background It has been about 30 years since the first health literacy instrument was developed. This study aimed to review all existing instruments to summarize the current knowledge on the development of existing measurement instruments and their possible translation and validation in other languages different from the original languages. Methods The review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on all published papers on health literacy instrument development and psychometric properties in English biomedical journals from 1993 to the end of 2021. Results The findings were summarized and synthesized on several headings, including general instruments, condition specific health literacy instruments (disease & content), population- specific instruments, and electronic health. Overall, 4848 citations were retrieved. After removing duplicates (n = 2336) and non-related papers (n = 2175), 361 studies (162 papers introducing an instrument and 199 papers reporting translation and psychometric properties of an original instrument) were selected for the final review. The original instruments included 39 general health literacy instruments, 90 condition specific (disease or content) health literacy instruments, 22 population- specific instruments, and 11 electronic health literacy instruments. Almost all papers reported reliability and validity, and the findings indicated that most existing health literacy instruments benefit from some relatively good psychometric properties. Conclusion This review highlighted that there were more than enough instruments for measuring health literacy. In addition, we found that a number of instruments did not report psychometric properties sufficiently. However, evidence suggest that well developed instruments and those reported adequate measures of validation could be helpful if appropriately selected based on objectives of a given study. Perhaps an authorized institution such as World Health Organization should take responsibility and provide a clear guideline for measuring health literacy as appropriate.

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Al-Jaf, Sabah H., and Khalid M. Omer. "Accuracy improvement via novel ratiometry design in distance-based microfluidic paper based analytical device: instrument-free point of care testing." RSC Advances 13, no. 23 (2023): 15704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01601c.

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Garkal, Atul, Deepak Kulkarni, Shubham Musale, Tejal Mehta, and Prabhanjan Giram. "Electrospinning nanofiber technology: a multifaceted paradigm in biomedical applications." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 46 (2021): 21508–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04159b.

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This review focuses on the process of preparation of nanofibers via Es, the design and setup of the instrument, critical parameter optimization, preferable polymers, solvents, characterization techniques, and recent development and biomedical applications of nanofibers.

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Li, Zheng. "Computer aided modeling and analysis of a new biomedical and surgical instrument." Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 04, no. 02 (2011): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2011.42017.

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Triviño, Gracián, María Concepción Serrano, Raffaella Pagani, and María Teresa Portolés. "A Customizable Instrument for Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Thin Biomedical Membranes." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 290, no. 10 (October 20, 2005): 953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200500243.

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Liu, Haiyun, Yanfeng Li, Guangquan Chai, Yuan Lv, Changjian Li, Shumao Li, Chunhao Yang, Aishunag Li, Yingdi Wang, and Weiwei Li. "Effect of synchronous irrigation on cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium instrument in the dynamic and static models." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 19 (January 2021): 228080002098740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020987403.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of synchronous water irrigation on the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. Methods: A standardized cyclic fatigue test models were established, and five types of nickel-titanium instruments (PTU F1, WO, WOG, RE, and M3) were applied. Each instrument was randomly divided into two groups ( N = 12). There was synchronous water irrigation in the experimental group, and no water irrigation in the control group. Besides, ProTaper Universal F1 was randomly divided into 10 groups ( N = 20). In the static group, nickel-titanium instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and six experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate, angle and position; while in the dynamic group, instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and two experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate. The rotation time (Time to Failure, TtF) of instruments was recorded and analyzed. Results: According to the static experiments, the TtF of instruments in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the static control group. Besides, the dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the dynamic control group. Compared with control group, the TtF in the experimental groups increased by at least about 30% and up to 160%. The static and dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF of nickel-titanium instrument in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between any two experimental groups. Conclusion: Regardless of dynamic or static model, TtF with irrigation was longer than that with non-irrigation, indicating that synchronous irrigation can increase the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. However, different irrigation conditions may have the same effect on the fatigue resistance.

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Menudet, J. F., A. Zarhaee, B. Solano, J. Szewczyk, B. Herman, C. Rotinat, C. Vidal, and B. Gayet. "Projet ID2U : instrument dextre à usage unique." IRBM 32, no. 3 (June 2011): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irbm.2011.01.024.

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Chou, Jung-Chuan, and Wei-Chuan Chen. "VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT APPLIED TO MULTIELECTRODE DETECTION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 21, no. 06 (December 2009): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237209001489.

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The sensor is a kind of device about electrochemical science, its applications include clinical and environmental analyses, physiology, and process control; therefore, how to accurately detect the signal of the sensor is one of the most important things for analyzing the characteristics of sensor. For potentiometric device, this study relates to a multielectrode measurement system based on the programable software, LabVIEW, forming a virtual instrument (VI). This system is built as a voltage versus time (V–T) framework and a dynamic detection system. We selected two devices, a digital multimeter (HP 34401A) and a homemade VI, synchronously to measure the sources of a direct current (DC) signal and an electrode cell (EC), respectively. The maximum errors between the two devices are 0.639 mV in DC supply and 0.345 mV in EC supply, which specifies that the efficiency of design measurement system is good for detection.

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van Bemmel, J. H. "Assessment of Education and Research in Biomedical Informatics." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 15, no. 01 (August 2006): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638488.

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SummaryThe existence and survival of university institutes is increasingly dependent on assessments of research and education. In many countries also departments of biomedical informatics are assessed at regular intervals, often as part of the review of a Medical or Health Sciences Faculty, or a Research School. The article underlines the importance of periodic evaluation of research and education in biomedical informatics.Quality assessment, if done by an independent review committee of peers, is a suitable instrument to obtain insight into the quality and accountability of both education and research. Key instruments for the assessment of education and research are welldefined protocols that are used for self-assessment. These selfassessment reports form the inputs for the independent review committee.The outcomes of the assessments are directly related to the quality of research, which is visible in publications in peer-reviewed journals. Internal quality management tools contribute to a large extent to the improvement of the quality of education and research.External assessment – review by peers – is increasingly used as the final step of an integral quality system for research and education. This is particularly important if the results of biomedical informatics R&D are to be applied in clinical practice. A positive outcome of an assessment can only be expected from a long-term investment in the quality of research and researchers who publish their results in peer-reviewed journals.

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Schmidt, U., A. Jauss, W. Ibach, K. Weishaupt, and O. Hollricher. "Nondestructive, High-Resolution Materials Characterization with the Confocal Raman-AFM." Microscopy Today 13, no. 3 (May 2005): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500051610.

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Materials research, biomedical research, and semiconductor manufacturing can all benefit from nondestructive, high-resolution methods of analysis. As most materials are heterogeneous, it is important to not only acquire high resolution topographic information, but also to identify the chemical composition of samples. A combination of high resolution microscopy with chemically sensitive spectroscopy combined in one instrument allows the detailed characterization of samples with different analytical techniques. When individual instruments are used, returning to a previously surveyed sample area can be very time consuming if not impossible without surface markers.

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Philipp, Markus, Anna Alperovich, Alexander Lisogorov, Marielena Gutt-Will, Andrea Mathis, Stefan Saur, Andreas Raabe, and Franziska Mathis-Ullrich. "Annotation-efficient learning of surgical instrument activity in neurosurgery." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-0008.

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Abstract Machine learning-based solutions rely heavily on the quality and quantity of the training data. In the medical domain, the main challenge is to acquire rich and diverse annotated datasets for training. We propose to decrease the annotation efforts and further diversify the dataset by introducing an annotation-efficient learning workflow. Instead of costly pixel-level annotation, we require only image-level labels as the remainder is covered by simulation. Thus, we obtain a large-scale dataset with realistic images and accurate ground truth annotations. We use this dataset for the instrument localization activity task together with a studentteacher approach. We demonstrate the benefits of our workflow compared to state-of-the-art methods in instrument localization that are trained only on clinical datasets, which are fully annotated by human experts.

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Jones, B. F., and P. Plassmann. "An instrument to measure the dimensions of skin wounds." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 42, no. 5 (May 1995): 464–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.376150.

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Wurzer, Helmut, Rainer Mäckel, Jürgen Lademann, Hans-Jürgen Weigmann, Heike Audring, and Hans-Dieter Ließ. "Aerosol-Beam-Koagulator – Ein neues Instrument zur kontaktlosen Softkoagulation." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 42, s2 (1997): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1997.42.s2.354.

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Guber, A. E., and A. Muslija. "MINIATURIZED INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 47, s1a (2002): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.2002.47.s1a.198.

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Vieira, Thalita Miranda, Ryhan Menezes Cardoso, Nayane Chagas Carvalho Alves, Silvio Emanuel Acioly Conrado de Menezes, Shirley Machado Batista, Silmara de Andrade Silva, Christianne Velozo, Diana Santana de Albuquerque, and Gabriela Queiroz de Melo Monteiro. "Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Blue Heat-Treated Instruments at Different Temperatures." International Journal of Biomaterials 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5584766.

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The main aim is to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of blue heat-treated instruments with different kinematics. Twenty-four endodontic instruments of the same brand were used for each of three experimental groups: VB (Vortex Blue 40/0.04), RB (RECIPROC Blue 40/0.06), and XB (X1 Blue 40/0.06). The instruments were randomly distributed and subjected to temperatures of 20°C and 37°C. The fatigue test was performed using a stainless steel device. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test, the F test, and Tukey’s and Tamhane tests at significance level P = 0.05 . The instruments’ cyclic fatigue resistance at both temperatures differed significantly for each instrument type ( P < 0.001 ). The RB instruments displayed greater cyclic fatigue resistance at the tested temperatures compared with the VB and XB instruments ( P < 0.001 ). Reciprocating kinematics positively influenced cyclic fatigue resistance. Blue heat-treated instruments showed decreased cyclic fatigue resistance as the temperature increased ( P < 0.001 ).

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Dimitrakakis, Emmanouil, Holly Aylmore, Lukas Lindenroth, George Dwyer, Joshua Carmichael, Danyal Z. Khan, Neil L. Dorward, Hani J. Marcus, and Danail Stoyanov. "Robotic Handle Prototypes for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Pre-clinical Randomised Controlled Trial of Performance and Ergonomics." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 50, no. 5 (March 8, 2022): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02942-z.

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AbstractEndoscopic endonasal skull base surgery is a promising alternative to transcranial approaches. However, standard instruments lack articulation, and thus, could benefit from robotic technologies. The aim of this study was to develop an ergonomic handle for a handheld robotic instrument intended to enhance this procedure. Two different prototypes were developed based on ergonomic guidelines within the literature. The first is a forearm-mounted handle that maps the surgeon’s wrist degrees-of-freedom to that of the robotic end-effector; the second is a joystick-and-trigger handle with a rotating body that places the joystick to the position most comfortable for the surgeon. These handles were incorporated into a custom-designed surgical virtual simulator and were assessed for their performance and ergonomics when compared with a standard neurosurgical grasper. The virtual task was performed by nine novices with all three devices as part of a randomised crossover user-study. Their performance and ergonomics were evaluated both subjectively by themselves and objectively by a validated observational checklist. Both handles outperformed the standard instrument with the rotating joystick-body handle offering the most substantial improvement in terms of balance between performance and ergonomics. Thus, it is deemed the more suitable device to drive instrumentation for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

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Evans, A. L., R. A. Gowdie, D. C. Smith, and G. M. Coghill. "An instrument for testing external cardiac pacemakers." Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 11, no. 3 (January 1987): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03091908709018152.

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Richardson, W., D. C. Smith, A. L. Evans, and G. S. Anthony. "A novel cervical dilatation force measurement instrument." Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology 13, no. 4 (January 1989): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03091908909015410.

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JONES, DOUGLAS T., and HARRY B. WOLFE. "Cost Effectiveness Of Laboratory Instrument/Computer Interfaces." Journal of Clinical Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 1985): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-198501000-00015.

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Moccia, Sara, Simone Foti, Arpita Routray, Francesca Prudente, Alessandro Perin, Raymond F. Sekula, Leonardo S. Mattos, et al. "Toward Improving Safety in Neurosurgery with an Active Handheld Instrument." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 46, no. 10 (July 16, 2018): 1450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-018-2091-x.

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Mous, Dirk J. W., Wim Fokker, Rein Van Den Broek, Ron Koopmans, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, and R. E. M. Hedges. "An Ion Source for the HVEE 14C Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer for Biomedical Applications." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200018154.

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During the past two decades, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) has allowed major developments in many areas of geosciences and archaeology. In the near future, AMS should realize a similar potential in the field of biomedical research, leading ultimately to clinical applications. For such applications, the required instrument differs significantly from that presently used in the field of 14C dating. Whereas the needed accuracy and sensitivity is more than an order of magnitude less demanding than that for present state-of-the-art 14C instrumentation, the widespread acceptance of 14C AMS in biomedical research will require AMS spectrometers that are small, simple to operate and capable of handling CO2 samples. In order to satisfy these demands, HVEE has developed a compact 14C AMS spectrometer dedicated to biomedical research. The instrument consists of a compact accelerator with a footprint of 2.25 × 1.25 m and an ion source that features direct CO2 acceptance and optimal user friendliness. Having previously described the layout and design of the accelerator, we here discuss progress on the accelerator and present the design and first results of the CO2 ion source.

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Olsen, Jan Abel, and RoseAnne Misajon. "A conceptual map of health-related quality of life dimensions: key lessons for a new instrument." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 733–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02341-3.

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Abstract Purpose Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) represent a critical metric in economic evaluations impacting key healthcare decisions in many countries. However, there is widespread disagreement as to which is the best of the health state utility (HSU) instruments that are designed to measure the Q in the QALY. Instruments differ in their descriptive systems as well as their valuation methodologies; that is, they simply measure different things. We propose a visual framework that can be utilized to make meaningful comparisons across HSU instruments. Methods The framework expands on existing HRQoL models, by incorporating four distinctive continua, and by putting HRQoL within the broader notion of subjective well-being (SWB). Using this conceptual map, we locate the five most widely used HSU-instruments (EQ-5D, SF-6D, HUI, 15D, AQoL). Results By individually mapping dimensions onto this visual framework, we provide a clear picture of the significant conceptual and operational differences between instruments. Moreover, the conceptual map demonstrates the varying extent to which each instrument moves outside the traditional biomedical focus of physical health, to also incorporate indicators of mental health and social well-being. Conclusion Our visual comparison provides useful insights to assess the suitability of different instruments for particular purposes. Following on from this comparative analyses, we extract some important lessons for a new instrument that cover the domains of physical, mental and social aspects of health, i.e. it is in alignment with the seminal 1948 WHO definition of health.

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Aliev, A. G. D. "An instrument for ophthalmosurgical measurements." Biomedical Engineering 27, no. 6 (November 1993): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00556530.

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Hohl, Sarah D., Rachel Ceballos, Mary Alice Scott, and Beti Thompson. "Developing a Culturally Informed Survey Instrument to Assess Biomedical Research Participation Among Latinos on the U.S.–Mexico Border." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 3 (October 10, 2018): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318801364.

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Racial/ethnic minorities, rural populations, and those with low socioeconomic status income are underrepresented in research in the United States (U.S.). Assessing preferences for recruitment, participation, and the role of beliefs about biomedical research in specific and unique underserved communities represents a potentially critical step in reducing barriers to biomedical research participation. We developed a culturally informed survey to measure factors related to participation, knowledge, expectations, and barriers to biomedical research participation among Latinos living in a U.S. border community. We employed a multidisciplinary team approach to a sequential, three-phase qualitative study that included interviews ( n = 35), focus groups ( n =24), and “think-aloud” cognitive interviews ( n = 5). Our study demonstrates the value of applying multiple qualitative approaches to inform a culturally relevant quantitative survey incorporating words and constructs relevant to the population of interest. The study contributes to qualitative method research paradigms by developing a research protocol that integrates the expertise and perspectives of researchers and community members from multiple disciplines and institutions.

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JIANG, JUN, LE XIE, HAILONG YU, WENWEI YU, and BO WU. "DEVELOPMENT OF A SIX-DIMENSIONAL SENSOR FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE ROBOTIC SURGERY." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 05 (August 2014): 1450074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500742.

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In minimally invasive robotic surgery (MIRS), the force/torque which occurred between instruments and organs cannot be accessed by surgeon. This paper presents development of a six-dimensional sensor based on double-hole parallel crossing beam, which can be integrated into instruments of MIRS. The size of sensor is 9.8 mm (diameter) × 6 mm (height). The structure of the sensor can acquire the force signals directly. The decoupling mechanism of the sensor was analyzed. The result of the finite element analysis (FEA) showed that the maximum coupling error was 3.8%. The machining error of the sensor was also investigated, and it was feasible for numerical control (NC) machine tools to manufacture the components of the sensor. The experimental calibration and soft tissue experiment indicated that the developed sensor can measure the force/torque loaded on the instrument and can be used to obtain the force feedback in the application of teleoperation surgical robot.

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GOLDSTEIN, NEIL, PAJO VUJKOVIC-CVIJIN, MARSHA FOX, STEVEN ADLER-GOLDEN, JASON CLINE, BRIAN GREGOR, JAMINE LEE, et al. "PROGRAMMABLE ADAPTIVE SPECTRAL IMAGERS FOR MISSION-SPECIFIC APPLICATION IN CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL SENSING." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 17, no. 04 (December 2007): 749–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156407004953.

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An innovative passive standoff system for the detection of chemical/biological agents is described. The spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of the data collected are all adjustable in real time, making it possible to keep the tradeoff between the sensor operating parameters at optimum at all times. The instrument contains no macro-scale moving parts and is therefore an excellent candidate for the development of a robust, compact, lightweight and low-power-consumption sensor. The design can also serve as a basis for a wide variety of spectral instruments operating in the visible, NIR, MWIR, and LWIR to be used for surveillance, process control, and biomedical applications.

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Spaide, Richard F., Tilman Otto, Sophie Caujolle, Johannes Kübler, Silke Aumann, Joerg Fischer, Charles Reisman, Hendrik Spahr, and Annette Lessmann. "Lateral Resolution of a Commercial Optical Coherence Tomography Instrument." Translational Vision Science & Technology 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/tvst.11.1.28.

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PENG, XIAOYUAN. "Rapid Communication: A New Multipurpose CO2 Laser Therapy Instrument." Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery 13, no. 1 (February 1995): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/clm.1995.13.33.

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Gilbert, Jerome A., John Eylers, and Albert J. Banes. "A new instrument to assess animal joint stiffnessin vitro." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 19, no. 5 (May 1985): 601–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820190512.

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Schott, Danny, Florian Heinrich, Lara Stallmeister, and Christian Hansen. "Exploring object and multi-target instrument tracking for AR-guided interventions." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2022-0019.

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Abstract The rapid development of available hard- and software for computer-assisted or augmented reality (AR) guided interventions creates a need for fast and inexpensive prototyping environments. However, intraoperative tracking systems in particular represent a high cost threshold. Therefore, this work presents a low-cost tracking method based on a conventional RGB camera. Here, a combined approach of multiple image targets and 3D object target recognition is implemented. The system is evaluated with a systematic accuracy assessment analyzing a total of 385 3D positions. On average, a deviation of 15,69+-9,95 mm was measured. In addition, a prototypical AR-based needle navigation visualization was developed using Microsoft HoloLens 2. This system’s feasibility and usability was evaluated positively in a pilot study (n=3).

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Sundararajan, M. "Optical instrument for correlative analysis of human ECG and breathing signal." International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology 6, no. 4 (2011): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbet.2011.041773.

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Monticone, Pier Paolo, Marino Menozzi, and Martin Schlup. "Instrument for high-speed recording of accommodation of the human eye." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 2 (January 1, 2010): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt.2010.023.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENT'

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