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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomedical inhalation'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Biomedical inhalation.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Smutney, Chad C., Emil M. Friedman, John M. Polidoro, and Nikhil Amin. "Inspiratory Efforts Achieved in Use of the Technosphere® Insulin Inhalation System." Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 3, no. 5 (September 2009): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/193229680900300524.

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Objective: The Technosphere® Insulin (IT) inhalation system comprises TI powder premetered into unit dose cartridges and the patient-friendly, reusable, breath-powered MedTone® inhaler. This high-resistance system uses a patient's inspiratory effort to effect TI powder de-agglomeration and promote subsequent deep-lung delivery. This study reports on flow and pressure data achieved by patients with diabetes using the MedTone system. Method: MedTone inhalers containing empty cartridges were adapted with pneumotach measuring devices to capture inhalation profiles. The measuring apparatuses had negligible impact on the nominal MedTone system resistance level of 0.117 kPa0.5/liters/min. Each of 56 subjects inhaled twice to mimic TI clinical study dosing instructions. Achieved inhalation profiles were characterized by peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and average pressure drop from the time of PIP to 4 s ( Pavg) Results: The achieved mean PIF (± standard deviation [SD]) in all subjects was 26.74 (±6.06) liters/min after the first inhalation and was similar to the mean PIF of 26.25 (±6.23) liters/min achieved after the second inhalation. Mean PIP (±SD) achieved by subjects was 8.49 (±2.86) and 8.1 (±2.99) kPa, and mean Pavg drop (±SD) in all subjects was 6.53 (±2.24) and 6.09 (±2.08) kPa after the respective inhalations. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes demonstrated consistent inhalation efforts over two inhalations using the MedTone system. The achieved PIFs and PIPs demonstrate the capacity of this population to obtain sufficient inspiratory effort necessary for delivery of TI using the MedTone inhaler. Adequate postpeak pressures were also revealed, further supporting reliable and sustained inhalation efforts.

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2

Pantusa, Victor P., Thomas H. Stock, Maria T. Morandi, Ronald B. Harrist, and Masoud Afshar. "Inhalation Exposures to Acrylamide in Biomedical Laboratories." AIHA Journal 63, no. 4 (July 2002): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428110208984735.

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3

Egbuna, Chukwuebuka, Vijaykumar K. Parmar, Jaison Jeevanandam, Shahira M. Ezzat, Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Johra Khan, et al. "Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology." Journal of Toxicology 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954443.

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Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles’ toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.

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Roustan, Audrey, Jeanne Perrin, Anaïs Berthelot-Ricou, Erica Lopez, Alain Botta, and Blandine Courbiere. "Evaluating methods of mouse euthanasia on the oocyte quality: cervical dislocation versus isoflurane inhalation." Laboratory Animals 46, no. 2 (April 2012): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/la.2012.011115.

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Cervical dislocation is a commonly used method of mouse euthanasia. Euthanasia by isoflurane inhalation is an alternative method which allows the sacrifice of several mice at the same time with an anaesthesia, in the aim to decrease pain and animal distress. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of these two methods of euthanasia on the quality of mouse oocytes. By administering gonadotropins, we induced a superovulation in CD1 female mice. Mice were randomly assigned to euthanasia with cervical dislocation and isoflurane inhalation. Oviducts were collected and excised to retrieve metaphase II oocytes. After microscopic examination, oocytes were classified into three groups: intact, fragmented/cleaved and atretic. Intact metaphase II oocytes were employed for biomedical research. A total of 1442 oocytes in the cervical dislocation group were compared with 1230 oocytes in the isoflurane group. In the cervical dislocation group, 93.1% of the oocytes were intact, versus 65.8% in the isoflurane group ( P ≤ 0.001). In light of these results, we conclude that cervical dislocation is the best method of mouse euthanasia for obtaining intact oocytes for biomedical research.

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5

Sergeev, I. K., U. G. Sterlin, and V. V. Subbotin. "Multipurpose Device for Inhalation Anesthesia." Biomedical Engineering 47, no. 1 (May 2013): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-013-9327-8.

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6

Kim, Young Hun, Mi Seong Jo, Jin Kwon Kim, Jae Hoon Shin, Jin Ee Baek, Hye Seon Park, Hyo Jin An, et al. "Short-term inhalation study of graphene oxide nanoplates." Nanotoxicology 12, no. 3 (February 1, 2018): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2018.1431318.

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7

Boldyrev, Artur, Marat Ziganshin, Alexander Osipov, Timur Mukhametzyanov, Nikolay Lyadov, Alexander Klimovitskii, and Alexander Gerasimov. "Lysozyme-Based Composite Drug Preparations for Inhalation Administration." BioNanoScience 9, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12668-018-0576-6.

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8

Shi, H., C. Kleinstreuer, and Z. Zhang. "Laminar Airflow and Nanoparticle or Vapor Deposition in a Human Nasal Cavity Model." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 128, no. 5 (March 6, 2006): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2244574.

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The transport and deposition of nanoparticles, i.e., dp=1–2nm, or equivalent vapors, in the human nasal cavities is of interest to engineers, scientists, air-pollution regulators, and healthcare officials alike. Tiny ultrafine particles, i.e., dp≤5nm, are of special interest because they are most rapidly absorbed and hence have an elevated toxic or therapeutic impact when compared to larger particles. Assuming transient laminar 3-D incompressible flow in a representative human nasal cavity, the cyclic airflow pattern as well as local and overall nanoparticle depositions were computationally simulated and analyzed. The focus was on transient effects during inhalation/exhalation as compared to the steady-state assumption typically invoked. Then, an equation for a matching steady-state inhalation flow rate was developed that generates the same deposition results as cyclic inhalation. Of special interest is the olfactory region where the narrow channel surfaces receive only about one-half of a percent of the inhaled nanoparticles because the airflow bypasses these recesses located in the superior-most portions in the geometrically complex nasal cavities.

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9

König, F., E. Ogris, and H. Aiginger. "STRAHLENBELASTUNG DURCH INHALATION VON JOD-131 AUF EINER NUKLEARMEDIZINISCHEN BETTENSTATION." Biomedizinische Technik/Biomedical Engineering 43, s2 (1998): 192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmte.1998.43.s2.192.

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10

LIN, SHYAN-LUNG, NAI-REN GUO, and TSUNG-CHI CHEN. "OPTIMAL RESPIRATORY CONTROL SIMULATION AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HYPERCAPNIC VENTILATORY RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL DEAD SPACE LOADING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 14, no. 02 (March 10, 2014): 1450014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519414500146.

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There has been considerable research effort regarding ventilatory responses to breathing with an imposed external dead space, and inhalation of fixed levels of CO 2 by human subjects. A human respiratory control model incorporating the optimality hypothesis can successfully demonstrate ventilatory responses to both chemical stimuli and muscular exercise. In this study, to verify the model behavior of the optimal chemical–mechanical respiratory control model, we simulated the ventilatory control under dead space loading and CO 2 inhalation. The simulation was provided by a LabVIEW® based human respiratory control simulator and signal monitoring system. The dead space measurement was described with two distinct models, derived from Gray and Coon, and predicted behaviors with corresponding ventilatory responses were investigated and compared with experimental findings. While both dead space models produced satisfactory predictions on simulated optimal [Formula: see text] versus Pa CO 2, [Formula: see text] versus Pa CO 2, F versus PI CO 2, VT versus PI CO 2, VD-total versus VT, VD- total /VT versus VT, [Formula: see text] versus VT and [Formula: see text] versus VT relationships, Gray's model provided better correlation and more consistent results throughout most of the ventilatory responses. The study of relative behavior of respiratory signals and comparative relationship of the ventilator responses between dead space loading during rest and CO 2 inhalation will certainly provide valuable understanding of increases in central respiratory motor command output of human respiratory control, which is also associated with Dyspnea on exertion, and give potential clinical perspective to realize the impaired ability to excrete CO 2 in patients diagnosed with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

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Lux, J. E., and R. C. Frecker. "Generation of a submicrometre nicotine aerosol for inhalation." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 26, no. 2 (March 1988): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442272.

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12

Bates, A. J., D. J. Doorly, R. Cetto, H. Calmet, A. M. Gambaruto, N. S. Tolley, G. Houzeaux, and R. C. Schroter. "Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 102 (January 2015): 20140880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0880.

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During a rapid inhalation, such as a sniff, the flow in the airways accelerates and decays quickly. The consequences for flow development and convective transport of an inhaled gas were investigated in a subject geometry extending from the nose to the bronchi. The progress of flow transition and the advance of an inhaled non-absorbed gas were determined using highly resolved simulations of a sniff 0.5 s long, 1 l s −1 peak flow, 364 ml inhaled volume. In the nose, the distribution of airflow evolved through three phases: (i) an initial transient of about 50 ms, roughly the filling time for a nasal volume, (ii) quasi-equilibrium over the majority of the inhalation, and (iii) a terminating phase. Flow transition commenced in the supraglottic region within 20 ms, resulting in large-amplitude fluctuations persisting throughout the inhalation; in the nose, fluctuations that arose nearer peak flow were of much reduced intensity and diminished in the flow decay phase. Measures of gas concentration showed non-uniform build-up and wash-out of the inhaled gas in the nose. At the carina, the form of the temporal concentration profile reflected both shear dispersion and airway filling defects owing to recirculation regions.

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13

Kim, Jin Kwon, Jae Hoon Shin, Jong Seong Lee, Joo Hwan Hwang, Ji Hyun Lee, Jin Ee Baek, Tae Gyu Kim, et al. "28-Day inhalation toxicity of graphene nanoplatelets in Sprague-Dawley rats." Nanotoxicology 10, no. 7 (February 5, 2016): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2015.1133865.

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14

de Jesús Valle, M. J., R. J. Dinis-Oliveira, F. Carvalho, M. L. Bastos, and A. Sánchez Navarro. "Toxicological evaluation of lactose and chitosan delivered by inhalation." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 19, no. 3 (January 2008): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156856208783721038.

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15

Pardeshi, Sagar R., Eknath B. Kole, Harshad S. Kapare, Sachin M. Chandankar, Prashant J. Shinde, Ganesh S. Boisa, Sanjana S. Salgaonkar, et al. "Progress on Thin Film Freezing Technology for Dry Powder Inhalation Formulations." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122632.

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The surface drying process is an important technology in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and food industries. The final stage of formulation development (i.e., the drying process) faces several challenges, and overall mastering depends on the end step. The advent of new emerging technologies paved the way for commercialization. Thin film freezing (TFF) is a new emerging freeze-drying technique available for various treatment modalities in drug delivery. TFF has now been used for the commercialization of pharmaceuticals, food, and biopharmaceutical products. The present review highlights the fundamentals of TFF along with modulated techniques used for drying pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, we have covered various therapeutic applications of TFF technology in the development of nanoformulations, dry powder for inhalations and vaccines. TFF holds promise in delivering therapeutics for lung diseases such as fungal infection, bacterial infection, lung dysfunction, and pneumonia.

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16

Chang, Rachel Yoon Kyung, and Hak-Kim Chan. "Lipid nanoparticles for the inhalation of mRNA." Nature Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 9 (September 2021): 949–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41551-021-00794-x.

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17

Knuckles, Travis L., Jinghai Yi, David G. Frazer, Howard D. Leonard, Bean T. Chen, Vince Castranova, and Timothy R. Nurkiewicz. "Nanoparticle inhalation alters systemic arteriolar vasoreactivity through sympathetic and cyclooxygenase-mediated pathways." Nanotoxicology 6, no. 7 (August 10, 2011): 724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2011.606926.

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18

Lebedová, J., Z. Nováková, Z. Večeřa, M. Buchtová, J. Dumková, B. Dočekal, L. Bláhová, et al. "Impact of acute and subchronic inhalation exposure to PbO nanoparticles on mice." Nanotoxicology 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2018): 290–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2018.1438679.

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19

Pettibone, John M., Andrea Adamcakova-Dodd, Peter S. Thorne, Patrick T. O'Shaughnessy, Jamie A. Weydert, and Vicki H. Grassian. "Inflammatory response of mice following inhalation exposure to iron and copper nanoparticles." Nanotoxicology 2, no. 4 (January 2008): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390802398291.

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20

LAI, T. C., Y. S. MORSI, S. DAS, and A. OWIDA. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTICLE DEPOSITION IN ASYMMETRICAL HUMAN UPPER AIRWAYS UNDER DIFFERENT INHALATION CYCLES." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 13, no. 04 (July 7, 2013): 1350068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519413500681.

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It is recognised that knowledge of air flow characteristics in the tracheo-bronchial tree is essential to the understanding of airway resistance, intrapulmonary gas mixing and deposition of airborne particles. Numerical and mathematical methods have previously been used extensively to obtain particle deposition patterns inside a single airway and various regions of the human lung for a range of physiological conditions. However, detailed analysis of particle deposition, in asymmetrical human upper airways, under transient conditions, has not been uncovered in published literature at the time this research commenced. In this research study, a commercial CFD package, called "CFX Workbench 11" was deployed to analyse flow fields, transient flow and particle deposition. This research work was an extension to earlier research published in 2008 by the present authors. The airway geometry applied in this current research was created by closely following the values published by another researcher (Horsfield), where the transient flows for three different breathing cycles were used as the input boundary conditions. The findings of the modelling presented herein indicated that the release position did not vary significantly at different time steps or with changes in particle size, but varied significantly with breathing patterns. Moreover, the rate of particle deposition at the wall was found to increase with the rising of the branching angles.

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21

Qin, Yu, Jing Wang, Yanjun Han, and Ling Lu. "Deep Learning Algorithms-Based CT Images in Glucocorticoid Therapy in Asthma Children with Small Airway Obstruction." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5317403.

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CT image information data under deep learning algorithms was adopted to evaluate small airway function and analyze the clinical efficacy of different glucocorticoid administration ways in asthmatic children with small airway obstruction. The Res-NET in the deep learning algorithm was used to perform feature extraction, summary classification, and other reconstruction of CT images. A deep learning network model Mask-R-CNN was constructed to enhance the ability of image reconstruction. A total of 118 children hospitalized with acute exacerbation of asthma in the hospital were recruited. After acute exacerbation treatment, 96 children with asthma were screened out for small airway obstruction, which were divided into glucocorticoid aerosol inhalation group (group A, 32 cases), glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilator aerosol inhalation group (group B, 32 cases), and oral hormone therapy group (group C, 32 cases). Asthmatic children with small airway obstruction were screened after acute exacerbation treatment and were rolled into glucocorticoid aerosol inhalation group (group A), glucocorticoid combined with bronchodilators aerosol inhalation group (group B), and oral hormone therapy group (group C). Lung function indicators (maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF75 and 25), 50% forced expiratory flow (FEF50), and 75% forced expiratory flow (FEF75)), FeNO level, and airway inflammation indicators (IL-6, IL-35, and eosinophilic (EOS)) were compared before and one month after treatment. The ratio of airway wall thickness to outer diameter (T/D) and the percentage of airway wall area to total airway area (WA%) were measured by e-Health high-resolution CT (HRCT). The constructed network model was used to measure the patient's coronary artery plaque and blood vessel volume, and the image was reconstructed on the Res-Net network. It was found that the MSE value of the Res-Net network was the lowest, and the efficiency was very high during the training process. T/D and WA (%) of asthmatic children with small airway obstruction after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment ( P < 0.01 ). After treatment, MMEF75/25 and FEF75 were significantly higher than those before treatment ( P < 0.05 ). Lung function-related indicator FEF50 was significantly higher than that before treatment ( P < 0.01 ). FeNO level after treatment was remarkably lower than that before treatment ( P < 0.01 ). In addition, lung function-related indicators, airway inflammation indicators, and FeNO level improved the most in group C, followed by group B, and those improvements in group A were the least obvious, with great differences among groups ( P < 0.05 ). In summary, the Res-Net model proposed was of certain feasibility and effectiveness for CT image segmentation and can effectively improve the clinical evaluation of patient CT image information. Glucocorticoids could improve small airway function and airway inflammation in asthmatic children with small airway obstruction, and oral corticosteroids were more effective than aerosol inhalation therapy.

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22

Larsen, Søren T., Petra Jackson, Steen S. Poulsen, Marcus Levin, Keld A. Jensen, Håkan Wallin, Gunnar D. Nielsen, and Ismo K. Koponen. "Airway irritation, inflammation, and toxicity in mice following inhalation of metal oxide nanoparticles." Nanotoxicology 10, no. 9 (July 18, 2016): 1254–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2016.1202350.

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23

Pauluhn, Juergen. "Pitfalls of kinetik modeling of nanoparticles in inhalation studies: new vs. past paradigms." Nanotoxicology 14, no. 7 (August 8, 2020): 1008–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2020.1786183.

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24

Dhand, Rajiv, and Harjyot Sohal. "Pulmonary Drug Delivery System for inhalation therapy in mechanically ventilated patients." Expert Review of Medical Devices 5, no. 1 (January 2008): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17434440.5.1.9.

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25

Morimoto, Yasuo, Masami Hirohashi, Akira Ogami, Takako Oyabu, Toshihiko Myojo, Motoi Todoroki, Makoto Yamamoto, et al. "Pulmonary toxicity of well-dispersed multi-wall carbon nanotubes following inhalation and intratracheal instillation." Nanotoxicology 6, no. 6 (June 29, 2011): 587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2011.594912.

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26

Hathaway, Quincy A., Andrya J. Durr, Danielle L. Shepherd, Mark V. Pinti, Ashley N. Brandebura, Cody E. Nichols, Amina Kunovac, et al. "miRNA-378a as a key regulator of cardiovascular health following engineered nanomaterial inhalation exposure." Nanotoxicology 13, no. 5 (February 1, 2019): 644–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2019.1570372.

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27

Potapov, A. V. "Current Inhalation Equipment for Analgesia with the Inert Gas Xenon." Biomedical Engineering 55, no. 6 (March 2022): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-022-10151-0.

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28

Xiong, Hong-yan, Yang Liu, Duan-chao Shu, Sheng-li Zhang, Xinhong Qian, Wei-xun Duan, Liang Cheng, Shi-qiang Yu, and Zhen-xiao Jin. "Effects of Sevoflurane Inhalation During Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Pediatric Patients." ASAIO Journal 62, no. 1 (2016): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mat.0000000000000285.

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29

Trushin, A. I. "Instrumentation for inhalation anesthesia: Present state and trends of development." Biomedical Engineering 25, no. 4 (July 1991): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00558677.

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30

Singh, Ajay Vikram, Anthony Romeo, Kassandra Scott, Sandra Wagener, Lars Leibrock, Peter Laux, Andreas Luch, et al. "Emerging Technologies for In Vitro Inhalation Toxicology (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 18/2021)." Advanced Healthcare Materials 10, no. 18 (September 2021): 2170082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202170082.

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Mitchell, Jolyon P., and Mark W. Nagel. "Oral inhalation therapy: meeting the challenge of developing more patient-appropriate devices." Expert Review of Medical Devices 6, no. 2 (March 2009): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17434440.6.2.147.

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32

Wohlleben, Wendel, Marc D. Driessen, Simon Raesch, Ulrich F. Schaefer, Christine Schulze, Bernhard von Vacano, Antje Vennemann, et al. "Influence of agglomeration and specific lung lining lipid/protein interaction on short-term inhalation toxicity." Nanotoxicology 10, no. 7 (March 17, 2016): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2016.1155671.

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Wang, B., A. Zhang, J. L. Sun, H. Liu, J. Hu, and L. X. Xu. "Study of SARS Transmission Via Liquid Droplets in Air." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 127, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1835350.

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Abstract Microscale liquid droplets could act as the SARS carriers in air when released from an infected person through breathing, coughing, or sneezing. In this study, a dynamic model has been built to quantitatively investigate the effect of the relative humidity on the transport of liquid droplets in air using coupled mass transfer and momentum equations. Under higher relative humidity, the exhaled liquid droplets evaporate slowly. Larger droplets fall faster, which could reduce the probability of the droplets inhalation. This may be one of the most important factors that influence the SARS transmission in air.

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Chen, Tao, Zhaowenbin Zhang, Dong Weng, LiQin Lu, XiaoYa Wang, Min Xing, Hui Qiu, et al. "Ion therapy of pulmonary fibrosis by inhalation of ionic solution derived from silicate bioceramics." Bioactive Materials 6, no. 10 (October 2021): 3194–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.013.

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Liu, Qiang, Yanghong Liu, Hongping He, Fan Wang, Danyu Yao, Fangfei He, Haifeng Liu, and Yubo Fan. "Silk fibroin scavenges hydroxyl radicals produced from a long-term stored water-soluble fullerene system." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 6, no. 5 (2018): 769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb02774e.

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In this study, we find that silk fibroin as an antioxidant is capable of scavenging OH˙ and accelerating the degradation of water-soluble fullerene, which provides further insight into the application of WSF in intratracheal instillation and inhalation.

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Nichols, Cody E., Danielle L. Shepherd, Quincy A. Hathaway, Andrya J. Durr, Dharendra Thapa, Alaeddin Abukabda, Jinghai Yi, Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, and John M. Hollander. "Reactive oxygen species damage drives cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction following acute nano-titanium dioxide inhalation exposure." Nanotoxicology 12, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2017.1416202.

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Guo, Chang, Alison Buckley, Tim Marczylo, Joanna Seiffert, Isabella Römer, James Warren, Alan Hodgson, et al. "The small airway epithelium as a target for the adverse pulmonary effects of silver nanoparticle inhalation." Nanotoxicology 12, no. 6 (May 11, 2018): 539–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2018.1465140.

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38

Zappe, Anne C., Kâmil Uludağ, and Nikos K. Logothetis. "Direct measurement of oxygen extraction with fMRI using 6% CO2 inhalation." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 26, no. 7 (September 2008): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mri.2008.02.005.

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39

Srivastava, Shrinkhala, and Saurabh Srivastava. "Biomedical Waste Management of Mercury using Advanced Polymeric Materials: Application of MIP - Sieve Sensor." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 9, no. 01 (June 25, 2017): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v9i01.8338.

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The most common routes of exposure to mercury in the healthcare facility include inhalation of inorganic mercury vapour after a spill or accidental skin contact with mercury. Accidental spills of liquid mercury can increase the levels of mercury in the air or wastewater of a HCFs. Establishing protocols for proper cleanup of spills involving mercury is an on flow challenge in Healthcare Sector where Bio safety and Bioethics are first law to be followed for human safety. The surface ion-imprinted poly(ethylene terephthalate)- semicarbazide (PETSC) modified chelating fibre sieves (Hg-PET-SC) were prepared using Hg(II) as a template and formaldehyde as a cross-linker and showed higher adsorption capacity and selectivity for the Hg(II) ions compared with the nonimprinted fibres (NIP-PET-SC) without a template. The maximum limit of detection values for Hg-PET-SC and NIP-PET-SC were 60.05 g/l and 24.51 g/l, respectively using MIP-PET-SC-CNE and NIP-PET-SC-CNE sensors. The selectivity coefficient of Hg(II) ions and other metal ions on Hg-PET-SC indicated an overall preference for Hg(II) ions. Rebinding and crossselectivity studies were also carried out using various divalent ions as interferents.

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40

Lebouf, Ryan F., Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Bean T. Chen, David G. Frazer, and M. Abbas Virji. "Measurement of airborne nanoparticle surface area using a filter-based gas adsorption method for inhalation toxicology experiments." Nanotoxicology 5, no. 4 (January 24, 2011): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2010.546951.

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Gosens, Ilse, Flemming R. Cassee, Michela Zanella, Laura Manodori, Andrea Brunelli, Anna Luisa Costa, Bas G. H. Bokkers, et al. "Organ burden and pulmonary toxicity of nano-sized copper (II) oxide particles after short-term inhalation exposure." Nanotoxicology 10, no. 8 (May 2, 2016): 1084–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17435390.2016.1172678.

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Hangan, H., and S. Bekele. "Numerical Simulation of the Flow and Concentration Fields for Oxygen Delivery Systems." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 125, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 648–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1613296.

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The flow and concentration fields for various medical oxygen delivery devices are numerically investigated. Simulations are performed for a classical Venturi mask and two new OxyArm portable devices. The velocity and oxygen concentration fields are investigated for: (i) a constant (steady-state) inhalation and (ii) a complete respiratory cycle (unsteady). The numerical results are qualitatively compared with clinical trials. It is found that the optimal functioning of these medical devices implies a balance between oxygen delivery by advection and the mixing process that allows for reliable CO2 monitoring (capnographic capability). Also, at the typical scales associated with these devices the flow is found to be Reynolds number dependent.

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43

Burlakov. "Standardization of apparatuses for artificial lung ventilation and inhalation narcosis in Russia." Biomedical Engineering 30, no. 1 (1996): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02383394.

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Burlakov, R. I., Yu S. Gal'perin, and V. I. Ulybin. "Standardization of apparatuses for artificial lung ventilation and inhalation narcosis in Russia." Biomedical Engineering 30, no. 1 (January 1996): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02369221.

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Isaev, I. V., and V. Yu Morozov. "Dosing of low-concentration anesthetics with evaporators used in inhalation anesthesia apparatuses." Biomedical Engineering 39, no. 6 (November 2005): 299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-006-0025-7.

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Kim, Jin Kwon, Mi Seong Jo, Younghun Kim, Tae Gyu Kim, Jae Hoon Shin, Boo Wook Kim, Hoi Pin Kim, et al. "28-Day inhalation toxicity study with evaluation of lung deposition and retention of tangled multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Nanotoxicology 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2019.1700568.

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Han, Fei, Yongqi Chen, Shijie Li, Yankun Yang, and Zhonghu Bai. "Advances in the Study of Inhaled Formulations for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6495645.

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Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease with reduced systemic circulation and low bioavailability associated with conventional and dosed therapy, which inhaled drugs can avoid. A mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of ≥25 mmHg ( 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa ) at rest or ≥30 mmHg during exercise and a pulmonary capillary pressure or left atrial pressure (PLA) of ≤15 mmHg can be diagnosed with PAH. Pulmonary hypertension is classified into primary PAH and secondary PAH according to the presence or absence of principles or risk factors. The main symptoms of pulmonary hypertension include dyspnoea, syncope, weakness, chest pain, and the presence of varying degrees of peripheral oedema. It is a highly pathogenic and life-threatening disease and can lead to delays in treatment if not diagnosed in time. In the past few years, the studies related to this progressed slowly, which brought great harm to patients with PAH. Reports showed that patients diagnosed with PAH should receive routine preventative care, such as pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations. Inhalation therapy is mainly used for the treatment of respiratory diseases and is of great interest due to the concentration of the drug in the airways and lung tissues. Therefore, the present situation of pulmonary hypertension and the characteristics of inhalation preparation were reviewed in this paper to provide some related cue for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. In the future, it is necessary to develop more treatment methods for pulmonary hypertension.

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Destiarti, L., I. Kartini, Riyanto, Roto, and Mudasir. "Risk analysis and solution of using graphene: Material, synthesis, and application (Mini review)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 926, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/926/1/012054.

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Abstract Graphene is a nanomaterial with unique physical and chemical properties. The two-dimensional hexagonal sp2 structure in the honeycomb lattice has high thermal conductivity, high electricity, mechanical strength, and large surface area. The nano properties are significantly different from the bulk material. The review of the material, synthesis and application aspects of graphene gave rise to risk analysis in each field of study. Graphene material does not yet have adequate information regarding the risk of danger. Because graphene is nano-sized, this material can enter the human body through inhalation, ocular, cutaneous and oral. Graphene synthesis involves using chemicals that will produce hazardous products and reduce agents with high toxicity. The risk becomes more and more when the challenges of mass production of graphene are faced. Graphene can be applied as sensors, nanoelectronics, and biomedical applications. In this biomedical application, graphene has direct contact with humans and can increase reactive oxygen species in the body. The recommendation to overcome the risk is to use personal protective equipment and handle graphene material properly. The toxic materials involve in the synthesis step can be replaced with other environmentally friendly materials. Antidotes substances can reduce the toxicity of graphene materials so that the risks graphene in its application can be overcome.

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Lyutov, G. P. "Basic principles of the comprehensive approach to the development of aerosol inhalation devices." Biomedical Engineering 28, no. 5 (September 1994): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00556691.

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Bi, Ru, Wei Shao, Qun Wang, and Na Zhang. "Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Insulin Inhalation Carriers for Enhanced Pulmonary Delivery." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2009.036.

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