Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomedical fluid mechanics

Academic literature on the topic 'Biomedical fluid mechanics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomedical fluid mechanics"

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Bazilevs, Yuri, Kenji Takizawa, and Tayfun E. Tezduyar. "Biomedical fluid mechanics and fluid–structure interaction." Computational Mechanics 54, no. 4 (July 15, 2014): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00466-014-1056-7.

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Manning, K. B., T. M. Przyhysz, A. A. Fontaine, S. Deutsch, and J. M. Tarbell. "MECHANICAL HEART VALVE CAVITATION FLUID MECHANICS." ASAIO Journal 50, no. 2 (March 2004): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200403000-00049.

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Tarbell, John M., Sheldon Weinbaum, and Roger D. Kamm. "Cellular Fluid Mechanics and Mechanotransduction." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 33, no. 12 (December 2005): 1719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-8775-z.

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Yoganathan, Ajit P., Zhaoming He, and S. Casey Jones. "Fluid Mechanics of Heart Valves." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 1 (August 15, 2004): 331–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.6.040803.140111.

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Mei, C. C., J. Zhang, and H. X. Jing. "Fluid mechanics of Windkessel effect." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 56, no. 8 (January 8, 2018): 1357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-017-1775-y.

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Grotberg, James B. "Respiratory Fluid Mechanics and Transport Processes." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 1 (August 2001): 421–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.421.

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Schussnig, Richard, Douglas R. Q. Pacheco, Manfred Kaltenbacher, and Thomas-Peter Fries. "Semi-implicit fluid–structure interaction in biomedical applications." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 400 (October 2022): 115489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2022.115489.

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van Loon, R., and F. N. van de Vosse. "Call for Papers: ‘Fluid-Structure Interaction in Biomedical Applications’." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 58, no. 10 (December 10, 2008): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1891.

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Nerem, R. M. "Vascular Fluid Mechanics, the Arterial Wall, and Atherosclerosis." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 114, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891384.

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Atherosclerosis, a disease of large- and medium-size arteries, is the chief cause of death in the United States and in most of the western world. Severe atherosclerosis interferes with blood flow; however, even in the early stages of the disease, i.e. during atherogenesis, there is believed to be an important relationship between the disease processes and the characteristics of the blood flow in the arteries. Atherogenesis involves complex cascades of interactions among many factors. Included in this are fluid mechanical factors which are believed to be a cause of the highly focal nature of the disease. From in vivo studies, there is evidence of hemodynamic influences on the endothelium, on intimal thickening, and on monocyte recruitment. In addition, cell culture studies have demonstrated the important effect of a cell’s mechanical environment on structure and function. Most of this evidence is for the endothelial cell, which is believed to be a key mediator of any hemodynamic effect, and it is now well documented that cultured endothelial monolayers, in response to a fluid flow-imposed laminar shear stress, undergo a variety of changes in structure and function. In spite of the progress in recent years, there are many areas in which further work will provide important new information. One of these is in the engineering of the cell culture environment so as to make it more physiologic. Animal studies also are essential in our efforts to understand atherogenesis, and it is clear that we need better information on the pattern of the disease and its temporal development in humans and animal models, as well as the specific underlying biologic events. Complementary to this will be in vitro model studies of arterial fluid mechanics. In addition, one can foresee an increasing role for computer modelling in our efforts to understand the pathophysiology of the atherogenic process. This includes not only computational fluid mechanics, but also modelling the pathobiologic processes taking place within the arterial wall. A key to the atherogenic process may reside in understanding how hemodynamics influences not only intimal smooth muscle cell proliferation, but also the recruitment of the monocyte/macrophage and the formation of foam cells. Finally, it will be necessary to begin to integrate our knowledge of cellular phenomena into a description of the biologic processes within the arterial wall and then to integrate this into a picture of the disease process itself.
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Wootton, David M., and David N. Ku. "Fluid Mechanics of Vascular Systems, Diseases, and Thrombosis." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (August 1999): 299–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.299.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomedical fluid mechanics"

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Kumar, Krishna Nandan. "Acoustic Studies on Nanodroplets, Microbubbles and Liposomes." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10639706.

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Microbubbles and droplets are nanometer to micron size biocompatible particles which are primarily used for drug delivery and contrast imaging. Our aim is to broaden the use of microbubbles from contrast imaging to other applications such as measuring blood pressure. The other goal is to develop in situ contrast agents (phase shift droplets) which can be used for applications such as cancer tumor imaging. Therefore, the focus is on developing and validating the concept using experimental and theoretical methods. Below is an overview of each of the projects performed on droplets and microbubbles.

Phase shift droplets vaporizable by acoustic stimulation offer many advantages over microbubbles as contrast agents due to their higher stability and possibility of smaller sizes. In this study, the acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) threshold of a suspension of PFP droplets (400-3000nm) was acoustically measured as a function of the excitation frequency by examining the scattered signals, fundamental, sub- and second-harmonic. This work presents the experimental methodology to determine ADV threshold. The threshold increases with frequency: 1.25 MPa at 2.25 MHz, 2.0 MPa at 5 MHz and 2.5 MPa at 10 MHz. The scattered response from droplets was also found to match well with that of independently prepared lipid-coated microbubble suspension in magnitude as well as trends above the threshold value. Additionally, we have employed classical nucleation theory (CNT) to investigate the ADV, specifically the threshold value of the peak negative pressure required for vaporization. The theoretical analysis predicts that the ADV threshold increases with increasing surface tension of the droplet core and frequency of excitation, while it decreases with increasing temperature and droplet size. The predictions are in qualitative agreement with experimental observations.

A technique to measure the ambient pressure using microbubbles was developed. Here we are presenting the results of an in vitro study aimed at developing an ultrasound-aided noninvasive pressure estimation technique using contrast agents--Definity®, a lipid coated microbubble, and an experimental PLA (Poly lactic acid) microbubbles. Scattered responses from these bubbles have been measured in vitro as a function of ambient pressure using a 3.5 MHz acoustic excitation of varying amplitude. At an acoustic pressure of 670 kPa, Definity ® microbubbles showed a linear decrease in subharmonic signal with increasing ambient pressure, registering a 12dB reduction at an overpressure of 120 mm Hg. Ultrasound contrast microbubbles experience widely varying ambient blood pressure in different organs, which can also change due to diseases. Pressure change can alter the material properties of the encapsulation of these microbubbles. Here the characteristic rheological parameters of contrast agent Definity and Targestar are determined by varying the ambient pressure (in a physiologically relevant range 0-200 mmHg). Four different interfacial rheological models are used to characterize the microbubbles. Both the contrast agents show an increase in their interfacial dilatational viscosity and interfacial dilatational elasticity with ambient pressure.

It has been well established that liposomes prepared following a careful multi-step procedure can be made echogenic. Our group as well as others experimentally demonstrated that freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol is a crucial component to ensure echogenicity. Here, we showed that freeze-dried aqueous solutions of excipients such as mannitol, meso-erythritol, glycine, and glucose that assume a crystalline state, when dispersed in water creates bubbles and are echogenic even without any lipids. We also present an explanation for the bubble generation process because of dissolution of mannitol.

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Langeard, Olivier. "Numerical study of a Navier-Stokes flow through a fibrous porous medium." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15944.

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Yousefi, Koupaei Atieh. "Biomechanical Interaction Between Fluid Flow and Biomaterials: Applications in Cardiovascular and Ocular Biomechanics." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595335168435434.

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Kadel, Saurav. "Computational Assessment of Aortic Valve Function and Mechanics under Hypertension." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1594243694736478.

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Nasar, Abouzied. "Eulerian and Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics as models for the interaction of fluids and flexible structures in biomedical flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eulerian-and-lagrangian-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics-as-models-for-the-interaction-of-fluids-and-flexible-structures-in-biomedical-flows(507cd0db-0116-4258-81f2-8d242e8984fa).html.

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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI), occurrent in many areas of engineering and in the natural world, has been the subject of much research using a wide range of modelling strategies. However, problems with high levels of structural deformation are difficult to resolve and this is particularly the case for biomedical flows. A Lagrangian flow model coupled with a robust model for nonlinear structural mechanics seems a natural candidate since large distortion of the computational geometry is expected. Smoothed particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely applied for nonlinear interface modelling and this approach is investigated here. Biomedical applications often involve thin flexible structures and a consistent approach for modelling the interaction of fluids with such structures is also required. The Lagrangian weakly compressible SPH method is investigated in its recent delta-SPH form utilising inter-particle density fluxes to improve stability. Particle shifting is also used to maintain particle distributions sufficiently close to uniform to enable stable computation. The use of artificial viscosity is avoided since it introduces unphysical dissipation. First, solid boundary conditions are studied using a channel flow test. Results show that when the particle distribution is allowed to evolve naturally instabilities are observed and deviations are noted from the expected order of accuracy. A parallel development in the SPH group at Manchester has considered SPH in Eulerian form (for different applications). The Eulerian form is applied to the channel flow test resulting in improved accuracy and stability due to the maintenance of a uniform particle distribution. A higher-order accurate boundary model is developed and applied for the Eulerian SPH tests and third-order convergence is achieved. The well documented case of flow past a thin plate is then considered. The immersed boundary method (IBM) is now a natural candidate for the solid boundary. Again, it quickly becomes apparent that the Lagrangian SPH form has limitations in terms of numerical noise arising from anisotropic particle distributions. This corrupts the predicted flow structures for moderate Reynolds numbers (O(102)). Eulerian weakly compressible SPH is applied to the problem with the IBM and is found to give accurate and convergent results without any numerical stability problems (given the time step limitation defined by the Courant condition). Modelling highly flexible structures using the discrete element model is investigated where granular structures are represented as bonded particles. A novel vector-based form (the V-Model) is identified as an attractive approach and developed further for application to solid structures. This is shown to give accurate results for quasi-static and dynamic structural deformation tests. The V-model is applied to the decay of structural vibration in a still fluid modelled using Eulerian SPH with no artificial stabilising techniques. Again, results are in good agreement with predictions of other numerical models. A more demanding case representative of pulsatile flow through a deep leg vein valve is also modelled using the same form of Eulerian SPH. The results are free of numerical noise and complex FSI features are captured such as vortex shedding and non-linear structural deflection. Reasonable agreement is achieved with direct in-vivo observations despite the simplified two-dimensional numerical geometry. A robust, accurate and convergent method has thus been developed, at present for laminar two-dimensional low Reynolds number flows but this may be generalised. In summary a novel robust and convergent FSI model has been established based on Eulerian SPH coupled to the V-Model for large structural deformation. While these developments are in two dimensions the method is readily extendible to three-dimensional, laminar and turbulent flows for a wide range of applications in engineering and the natural world.
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Shrestha, Liza. "CFD study on effect of branch sizes in human coronary artery." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/885.

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Atherosclerosis is a term coined to describe a state in which arterial wall thickens due to the accumulation of fatty materials like cholesterol. Though not completely understood, it is believed to occur due to the accumulation of macrophage white blood cells and promoted by low density lipoprotein. Increase in accumulation of plaque leads to enlargement of arteries as arterial wall tries to remodel itself. But eventually the plaque ruptures, letting out its inner content to blood stream. The ruptured plaque clots and heals and shrinks down as well but leaves behind stenosis - narrowing of cross section. Depending on the degree of stenosis blood supply from the artery to its respective organ could decrease and even get blocked completely. Frequently, as the vulnerable plaques rupture, thrombus formed as such could flow through bloodstream towards smaller vessels and block them, leading to a sudden death of tissues fed by that vessel. If the plaques do not rupture and artery gets enlarged to a great extent then it results in an aneurysm. Such blockage of coronary arteries in heart can lead to myocardial infarction - heart attack, in carotid arteries in brain can lead to what is called a stroke, in peripheral arteries in legs can lead to ulcers, gangrene (death of tissue) and hence loss of leg, in renal arteries can lead to kidney malfunction. The most disturbing fact about atherosclerosis is the inability to detect the disease in preliminary stages. As stated by Miller (2001), most of the times coronary artery disease (CAD) gets diagnosed only after 50-75 percent occlusion of arteries.
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Copploe, Antonio. "Bioengineered Three-dimensional Lung Airway Models to Study Exogenous Surfactant Delivery." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1505482360585247.

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Benmadda, El Mostafa. "Etude de l'ecoulement pulse d'un fluide incompressible dans une conduite elastique : application a la circulation arterielle." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2267.

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Kaul, Himanshu. "A multi-paradigm modelling framework for simulating biocomplexity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a3e6913d-b4c1-49fd-88fb-7e7155de2e2f.

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The following thesis presents a computational framework that can capture inherently non-linear and emergent biocomplex phenomena. The main motivation behind the investigations undertaken was the absence of a suitable platform that can simulate, both the continuous features as well as the discrete, interaction-based dynamics of a given biological system, or in short, dynamic reciprocity. In order to determine the most powerful approach to achieve this, the efficacy of two modelling paradigms, transport phenomena as well as agent-based, was evaluated and eventually combined. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was utilised to investigate optimal boundary conditions, in terms of meeting cellular glucose consumption requirements and exposure to physiologically relevant shear fields, that would support mesenchymal stem cell growth in a 3-dimensional culture maintained in a commercially available bioreactor. In addition to validating the default bioreactor configuration and operational parameter ranges as suitable towards sustaining stem cell growth, the investigation underscored the effectiveness of CFD as a design tool. However, due to the homogeneity assumption, an untenable assumption for most biological systems, CFD often encounters difficulties in simulating the interaction-reliant evolution of cellular systems. Therefore, the efficacy of the agent-based approach was evaluated by simulating a morphogenetic event: development of in vitro osteogenic nodule. The novel model replicated most aspects observed in vitro, which included: spatial arrangement of relevant players inside the nodule, interaction-based development of the osteogenic nodules, and the dependence of nodule growth on its size. The model was subsequently applied to interrogate the various competing hypotheses on this process and identify the one that best captures transformation of osteoblasts into osteocytes, a subject of great conjecture. The results from this investigation annulled one of the competing hypotheses, which purported the slow-down in the rate of matrix deposition by certain osteoblasts, and also suggested the acquisition of polarity to be a non-random event. The agent-based model, however, due to being inherently computationally expensive, cannot be recommended to model bulk phenomena. Therefore, the two approaches were integrated to create a modelling platform that was utilised to capture dynamic reciprocity in a bioreactor. As a part of this investigation, an amended definition of dynamic reciprocity and its computational analogue, dynamic assimilation, were proposed. The multi-paradigm platform was validated by conducting melanoma chemotaxis under foetal bovine serum gradient. Due to its CFD and agent-based modalities, the platform can be employed as both a design optimisation as well as hypothesis testing tool.
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Smith, Amy. "Multi-scale modelling of blood flow in the coronary microcirculation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e6f576a2-75d9-4778-a640-a1e8551141a6.

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The importance of coronary microcirculatory perfusion is highlighted by the severe impact of microvascular diseases such as diabetes and hypertension on heart function. Recently, highly-detailed three-dimensional (3D) data on ex vivo coronary microvascular structure have become available. However, hemodynamic information in individual myocardial capillaries cannot yet be obtained using current in vivo imaging techniques. In this thesis, a novel data-driven modelling framework is developed to predict tissue-scale flow properties from discrete anatomical data, which can in future be used to aid interpretation of coarse-scale perfusion imaging data in healthy and diseased states. Mathematical models are parametrised by the 3D anatomical data set of Lee (2009) from the rat myocardium, and tested using flow measurements in two-dimensional rat mesentery networks. Firstly, algorithmic and statistical tools are developed to separate branching arterioles and venules from mesh-like capillaries, and then to extract geometrical properties of the 3D capillary network. The multi-scale asymptotic homogenisation approach of Shipley and Chapman (2010) is adapted to derive a continuum model of coronary capillary fluid transport incorporating a non-Newtonian viscosity term. Tissue-scale flow is captured by Darcy's Law whose coefficient, the permeability tensor, transmits the volume-averaged capillary-scale flow variations to the tissue-scale equation. This anisotropic permeability tensor is explicitly calculated by solving the capillary-scale fluid mechanics problem on synthetic, stochastically-generated periodic networks parametrised by the geometrical data statistics, and a thorough sensitivity analysis is conducted. Permeability variations across the myocardium are computed by parametrising synthetic networks with transmurally-dependent data statistics, enabling the hypothesis that subendocardial permeability is much higher in diastole to compensate for severely-reduced systolic blood flow to be tested. The continuum Darcy flow model is parametrised by purely structural information to provide tissue-scale perfusion metrics, with the hypothesis that this model is less sensitive and more reliably parametrised than an alternative, estimated discrete network flow solution.
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Books on the topic "Biomedical fluid mechanics"

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J, Schneck Daniel, Lucas Carol L. 1940-, and Biomedical Engineering Society. Fall Meeting, eds. Biofluid mechanics, 3. New York: New York University Press, 1990.

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Galdi, Giovanni P., Tomáš Bodnár, and Šárka Nečasová. Fluid-structure interaction and biomedical applications. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2014.

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Rubenstein, David A. Biofluid mechanics: An introduction to fluid mechanics, macrocirculation, and microcirculation. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2012.

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Waite, Lee. Biofluid mechanics in cardiovascular systems. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Cavitation in Non-Newtonian Fluids: With Biomedical and Bioengineering Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Michel-Yves, Jaffrin, Caro Colin G, and World Congress of Biomechanics (2nd : 1994 : Amsterdam, Netherlands), eds. Biological flows. New York: Plenum Press, 1995.

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Rannacher, Rolf, A. Sequeira, and Giovanni P. Galdi. Advances in mathematical fluid mechanics: Dedicated to Giovanni Paolo Galdi on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Heidelberg: Springer, 2010.

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1947-, Rittgers Stanley E., and Yoganathan A. P. 1951-, eds. Biofluid mechanics: The human circulation. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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B, Lumsden Alan, Kline William E. 1948-, Kakadiaris Ioannis A, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Pumps and Pipes: Proceedings of the Annual Conference. Boston, MA: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2011.

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Li, Xiujun, and Zhou Yu. Microfluidic devices for biomedical applications. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biomedical fluid mechanics"

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Miller, G. E. "Computational Methods in Biomedical Fluid Mechanics: Past, Present, and Future." In Computational Mechanics ’88, 1740–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61381-4_457.

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Shinbrot, Troy. "Statistical Mechanics, Diffusion, and Self-Assembly." In Biomedical Fluid Dynamics, 267–96. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812586.003.0011.

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Equations for random wandering of particles are derived, and the phenomenon of entropic ordering is explained. Boltzmann’s particle-based approach to diffusion is compared to Maxwell’s continuum hypothesis, and van ’t Hoff’s formula for osmosis is obtained. Other topics include diffusivity, the distribution of energy, and the applications of Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics.
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Elabbasi, Nagi, and Klaus-Jürgen Bathe. "Some advances in modeling multiphysics-biomedical applications." In Computational Fluid and Solid Mechanics 2003, 1676–79. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044046-0.50407-3.

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Baccouch, Mahboub. "A Brief Summary of the Finite Element Method for Differential Equations." In Finite Element Methods and Their Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95423.

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The finite element (FE) method is a numerical technique for computing approximate solutions to complex mathematical problems described by differential equations. The method was developed in the 1950s to solve complicated problems in engineering, notably in elasticity and structural mechanics modeling involving elliptic partial differential equations and complicated geometries. But nowadays the range of applications is quite extensive. In particular, the FE method has been successfully applied to many problems such as fluid–structure interaction, thermomechanical, thermochemical, thermo-chemo-mechanical problems, biomechanics, biomedical engineering, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, electromagnetics, and many others. This chapter contains a summary of the FE method. Since the remaining chapters of this textbook are based on the FE method, we present it in this chapter as a method for approximating solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and partial differential equations (PDEs).
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Shinbrot, Troy. "Rheology in Complex Fluids 1." In Biomedical Fluid Dynamics, 212–47. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812586.003.0009.

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Complex flows are described, including shear thinning, shear thickening, and yield-stress. Mechanisms of changing viscosity in dense suspensions are explored, including the relevance of the lubrication approximation, dilatency, and the spaghetti model of polymers. Liquid crystal alignment is discussed, and model equations are introduced for flows in packed beds. The viscosity of synovial fluid is described, and equations to combine viscous and elastic behaviors are obtained.
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Steinman, Dolores A., and David A. Steinman. "Modelling and Simulation in Biomedical Research." In Biocomputation and Biomedical Informatics, 228–40. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-768-3.ch016.

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In the following chapter, the authors will discuss the development of medical imaging and, through specific case studies, its application in elucidating the role of fluid mechanical forces in cardiovascular disease development and therapy (namely the connection between flow patterns and circulatory system disease - atherosclerosis and aneurysms) by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The research carried in the Biomedical Simulation Laboratory can be described as a multi-step process through which, from the reality of the human body through the generation of a mathematical model that is then translated into a visual representation, a refined visual representation easily understandable and used in the clinic is generated. Thus, the authors’ daily research generates virtual representations of blood flow that can serve two purposes: a) that of a model for a phenomenon or disease or b) that of a model for an experiment (non-invasive way of determining the best treatment option).
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Millar, Michael. "Device- Associated Infections." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0045.

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A great variety of biomedical devices are used in patient care. Almost all hospitalized patients will have a vascular catheter placed to support administration of drugs, fluids, electrolytes, blood products, feeding solutions, or for haemodynamic monitoring. Many will also be exposed to urinary catheters, or tracheal tubes. There is also increasing use of a variety of prosthetic devices. Different biomedical devices have different infection associations. Examples of associations include cardiac pacemakers with Staphylococcus aureus blood-stream infection, contact lenses with amoebic keratitis, tampons with toxic shock, and historically, intra-uterine devices with pelvic actinomycosis. The most common causative organisms associated with device infections are bacteria (less commonly fungi). For many devices coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequent cause of infection. It is important to remember that an enormous range of microbes have been reported to cause device-associated infection. Biomedical devices predispose to infection through a wide range of mechanisms. These may include (depending on the device) traversing of anatomical barriers (such as the skin), protected niches for microbial proliferation, inappropriate immune activation, and provision of a surface(s) for biofilm formation. Few devices are completely inert. Most devices elicit an immune response, which depletes local complement levels and reduces oxidative killing by neutrophils, some directly damage tissues, and some release biologically-active products. There is much interest in the molecular mechanisms and physical interactions that underlie the formation of communal microbial structures on biomaterial surfaces. Many difference strategies have been proposed both to prevent, and to destroy microbial biofilms associated with biomedical devices. Complications associated with devices are most likely to be mechanical or infective. It is estimated that up to 25% of patients with a central venous catheter (CVC) will suffer a serious mechanical or infection related complication. Risk factors for infection include host, device, and operator factors. Extremes of age, co-morbidities such as diabetes, active infection at the time of insertion, and loss of relevant anatomical barriers to infection are host risk factors that apply to most devices. Operator risk factors include poor compliance with insertion or post-insertion ‘best practice’.
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"Plants That Eat Insects." In The Chemistry of Plants and Insects: Plants, Bugs, and Molecules, 48–53. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782624486-00048.

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A small percentage of flowering plants, the carnivorous or insectivorous plants, capture and digest insects to obtain supplemental nutrients. The break-down products from the insects enable the plants to survive in nutrient-poor environments like swamps or bogs. Carnivorous plants use intricate chemistry to attract insects, trap them, and then finally digest them. Volatiles and patterns of anthocyanin pigments lure insects to modified leaves in the form of pitchers, as in Nepenthes, or capture them on sticky or slimy leaves, as in sundew or Venus flytraps. The insects are captured and then digested by enzymes. Nepenthes plants can be grown relatively easily in controlled set-ups, and the chemistry of their pitchers and fluids are well studied. The pitcher fluid is mostly water and contains specific enzymes, like chitinases. The leaves of other insectivorous plants like sundews (Drosera) and butterworts (Pinguicula), and the inner surfaces of Venus flytraps (Dionaea muscipula) are covered with mucilage, a gel-like substance consisting of glycoproteins. Mucilage secreted from sundews has been identified as a hydrogel. Recent biomedical research studies sundew mucilage as a potential biological adhesive in tissue engineering. Some insects have learned to go around the plants’ trapping mechanisms and feed on the prey captured by the plants. In another twist, some plants have flowers shaped like traps that hold insects captive for a while to do the pollination, then release them.
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Rani, Kirti. "Clinical Approaches of Biomimetic: An Emerging Next Generation Technology." In Biomimetics. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97148.

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Biomimetic is the study of various principles of working mechanisms of naturally occurring phenomena and their further respective integrations in to such a modified advanced mechanized instruments/models of digital or artificial intelligence protocols. Hence, biomimetic has been proposed in last decades for betterment of human mankind for improving security systems by developing various convenient robotic vehicles and devices inspired by natural working phenomenon of plants, animals, birds and insects based on biochemical engineering and nanotechnology. Hence, biomimetic will be considered next generation technology to develop various robotic products in the fields of chemistry, medicine, material sciences, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering medicine, biomedical engineering to treat various diseases and congenital disorders. The characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are found to possess multifunctional cellular properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanized properties when comes in close contact with the body fluids in vivo. This chapter will provide overall overview to the readers for the study based on reported data of developed biomimetic materials and tools exploited for various biomedical applications and tissue engineering applications which further helpful to meet the needs of the medicine and health care industries.
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Thomas, Michael E. "Optical Propagation in Water." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0014.

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From a basic physics perspective, liquids are the least understood state of matter. Yet this medium plays an important role in the process of life on this planet. The human body is largely composed of liquids, and three-quarters of the surface of the earth is covered by seawater. The main liquid of interest in this chapter, and to the applied scientist and engineer, is water. The importance of understanding the optical properties of water cannot be overemphasized. The chapter appropriately begins with a discussion of the optical properties of pure water, since it is the main ingredient in seawater and in biomedical fluids. Pure water is an insulator with a strong dipole moment and an effective electronic band edge in the ultraviolet near 0.16 μm (62,500 cm−1). Absorption near the band edge shows similar structure to that observed in solids. Water has extensive infrared vibrational bands just as in the gas phase. Dipoles in a liquid can partially rotate in response to the polarization of the incident microscopic field, and Debye relaxation bands occur in the microwave region. A permittivity model for Debye relaxation was presented in Chapter 4 by Eq. 4.60. This is an important mechanism that describes the optical properties of liquids at far-infrared and microwave frequencies.
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Conference papers on the topic "Biomedical fluid mechanics"

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Etienne, Stephane, Dominique Pelletier, and Andre Garon. "Application of a Sensitivity Equation Method to Generic FSI Biomedical Problems." In 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5197.

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Hageman, Nathan, Alex Leow, David Shattuck, Liang Zhan, Paul Thompson, Siwei Zhu, and Arthur Toga. "Segmenting crossing fiber geometries using fluid mechanics tensor distribution function tractography." In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (ISBI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193325.

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Tian, F. B., H. Dai, H. Luo, J. F. Doyle, and B. Rousseau. "Computational Fluid–Structure Interaction for Biological and Biomedical Flows." In ASME 2013 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2013-16408.

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In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional (3D) computational approach for computing the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) encountered in biological and biomedical flows. The approach combines a Cartesian grid based immerse-boundary method for the viscous incompressible flow and a finite-element method for the solid body mechanics. The separate subroutines of the finite-element method can handle general 3D bodies as well as thin-wall structures such as frames, membranes, and plates. Furthermore, both geometric nonlinearity due to large displacements and large rotations and material nonlinearity due to hyperelasticity have been incorporated. The flow and the solid body are meshed separately, and as the body deforms, no mesh regeneration is needed. The FSI solver has been validated against previous numerical and experimental studies. Applications in insect flight and vocal fold vibration have been demonstrated.
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Bols, Joris, Joris Degroote, Gianluca De Santis, Bram Trachet, Patrick Segers, and Jan Vierendeels. "CFD Challenge: Solutions Using the Commercial Finite Volume Solver, Fluent, and a pyFormex-Generated Full Hexahedral Mesh." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80755.

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For many years, there has been a strong intra Ghent University collaboration between the IBiTech-bioMMeda research group, focusing on the application of fluid and structural mechanics for biomedical problems, and the department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics with a strong background in developing algorithms for numerical fluid mechanics and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. This collaboration joins the strengths of both groups, with ongoing applications in FSI simulations of heart valves, aortic coarctation, aortic aneurysms etc., thereby integrating in vivo (human and (small) animal) hydraulic bench and numerical research.
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Degroote, Joris, Patrick Segers, and Jan Vierendeels. "CFD Challenge: Solutions Using an Open-Source Finite Volume Solver, OpenFOAM." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80535.

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The Institute Biomedical Technology and the Department of Flow, Heat and Combustion Mechanics of Ghent University have for more than a decade worked on the development and analysis of algorithms for the simulation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and fluid-structure interaction (FSI). These algorithms are applied to blood flow in large arteries, among others. For this Challenge, grid generation and CFD simulations have been performed by postdoctoral fellow Joris Degroote, using an open-source finite volume flow solver, OpenFOAM.
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Menon, Jeevan G., R. Paul Duffin, Richard H. Tullis, and Frank G. Jacobitz. "Hollow-Fiber Cartridges: Model Systems for Virus Removal From Blood." In ASME 2006 Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nanobio2006-18034.

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Aethlon Medical is developing an extracorporeal blood filter as a therapeutic device designed to remove viruses and toxins from the blood of patients. The Hemopurifier is a modified hollow-fiber plasmapheresis cartridge containing an affinity matrix in the extra capillary space. The matrix contains a high mannose specific lectin as the active capture agent. The flow configuration of the device is that of Starling flow. The filter is designed to clear viruses and toxins from blood, delaying illness so the patient’s immune system can fight off the virus. Results to date indicate the efficient removal of a variety of enveloped viruses including HIV, HCV and poxviruses with in vitro evidence indicating the ability to capture Dengue fever virus, measles, mumps, influenza, Ebola and Marburg. Possible additional targets include bioweapons such as smallpox and bacterial toxins. A schematic of the use of the filter in a therapeutic application is shown in figure 1. In order to optimize the design of such a filter, the fluid mechanics of the device is modeled analytically and investigated experimentally. Additional information can be found in Tullis et al. [1], Tullis et al. [2], and Duffin and Tullis [2].
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Shady, Sally Fouad. "Traditional, Active and Problem-Based Learning Methods Used to Improve an Undergraduate Biomechanics Course." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87478.

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Biomechanics is a core curriculum course taught in many biomedical engineering programs. Biomechanical analysis has become a necessary tool for both industry and research when developing a medical device. Despite its significance both inside and outside of the classroom, most students have demonstrated challenges in effectively mastering biomechanical concepts. Biomechanics requires adaptive skill sets needed to solve a multitude of problems from various disciplines and physiological systems. Many students taking biomechanics have not taken foundational courses that are necessary for in-depth learning and mastery of biomechanics. Consequently, limiting their ability to solve complex problems requiring strong foundations in statics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and physiology. Active (AL) and problem-based learning (PBL) are techniques that has been widely used in medical education and allow faculty to implement engineering concepts into the context of disease solving real-world medical problems. This study investigates using both traditional and problem-based learning teaching pedagogy to enhance student learning in a senior level undergraduate biomechanics course. Results of this technique have shown an increase in student performance and self-assessments.
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Islam, Nazmul. "AC Electrothermal Pumping for Medical Applications." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65315.

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While AC electroosmosis (AC-EO) micropumps have advantages of easy implementation and compatibility with microchip fabrication, it has been observed that the pumping rate is decreased for high conductive bio-fluids [1]. To expand our applications to biomedical area we propose here the AC electrothermal (ACET) effect, which can also improve the pumping rate by multiple fold compare to AC-EO. When utilized in biomedical applications, these micropumps can be used to administer small amounts of medication (e.g. insulin) at regular time intervals. ACET generates temperature gradients in the fluids, and consequently induces space charges that move in electric fields and produce microflows. To demonstrate the fluid manipulation in high conductive bio-fluids, we have developed an AC electrothermal micropump using asymmetrical electrode arrays.
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Barnes, Terrence G., Thieu Q. Truong, Xiaoqing Lu, Nicol E. McGruer, and George G. Adams. "Design, Analysis, Fabrication, and Testing of a MEMS Flow Sensor." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0291.

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Abstract A new type of MEMS flow sensor has been designed, analyzed, fabricated, and tested. This sensor consists of a surface micromachined switch with a complex cantilever shape. A portion of the sensor is bent at a right angle to the substrate and to the flow direction. The fluid flow produces a pressure on the sensor; sufficient pressure causes the switch to close at the designed flow rate. These flow sensors have been developed for a large multi-university project for the design and construction of a biomimetic underwater lobster robot to be used to search for and destroy mines. However, we envision a variety of other uses for these flow sensors, including biomedical applications such as blood flow measurement. The fabrication process is based on the Northeastern University Metal Micromachining (NUMEM) technology [1]. The NUMEM process has been used to fabricate various surface micromachined metallic structures such as microrelays, microinterferometers, micromirrors, and microaccelerometers. The analysis of these devices consists of using incompressible fluid mechanics to determine the pressure acting on the sensor and beam theory to model the resulting deflection of the switch. The first set of flow sensors was designed to close at flow velocities of 0.5, 1.0, 3.4, and 5.4 m/s. The area of the paddle, which lies in the flow, is varied in order to obtain sensors that close at different flow rates. The results of testing agree well with the analytical predictions. Although these flow sensors are unidirectional, an array of four sensors at each point can be used to determine the flow velocity and direction.
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Meenraj, Swathika, Chebolu Lakshmana Rao, and Balasubramanian Venkatesh. "Fluid Impact Under Various Tapping Conditions for Biomedical Application (Shirodhara)." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87341.

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Shirodhara is an ayurveda therapy treating subjects for stress (depression/anxiety/hypertension) insomnia, headache and several kinds of psychosis. When there is a fluid impact on a solid surface, a transient impact will be developed at the interface in short time duration as vibration on forehead. The fluid impact of the liquid falling from the beaker at controlled flow rate is measured using an integrated circuit piezoelectric (ICP) force sensor for various tapping condition. The time-dependent response of the sensor is acquired using data acquisition system which is connected to the computer. The force is determined by measuring the voltage output from the piezoelectric force sensor. The impact experiment is done for single droplet, intermittent flow of drops and continuous flow of liquid falling from a fixed height of 7.5 cm. From the results, we observe the impact force for each fluid have a subtle variation depending on the falling condition and impact velocity of the fluid falling from a height.
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