Journal articles: 'Biomedical Device Fabrication'

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Shin, Yoo-Kyum, Yujin Shin, Jung Woo Lee, and Min-Ho Seo. "Micro-/Nano-Structured Biodegradable Pressure Sensors for Biomedical Applications." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110952.

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The interest in biodegradable pressure sensors in the biomedical field is growing because of their temporary existence in wearable and implantable applications without any biocompatibility issues. In contrast to the limited sensing performance and biocompatibility of initially developed biodegradable pressure sensors, device performances and functionalities have drastically improved owing to the recent developments in micro-/nano-technologies including device structures and materials. Thus, there is greater possibility of their use in diagnosis and healthcare applications. This review article summarizes the recent advances in micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices. In particular, we focus on the considerable improvement in performance and functionality at the device-level that has been achieved by adapting the geometrical design parameters in the micro- and nano-meter range. First, the material choices and sensing mechanisms available for fabricating micro-/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices are discussed. Then, this is followed by a historical development in the biodegradable pressure sensors. In particular, we highlight not only the fabrication methods and performances of the sensor device, but also their biocompatibility. Finally, we intoduce the recent examples of the micro/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor for biomedical applications.

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Bais, Ashish Singh, Lokendra Singh Chouhan, and Joseph Thomas Andrews. "All Optical Integrated MOEMS Optical Coherence Tomography System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012024.

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Abstract Integrating all optical components of an optical coherence tomography (OCT) device into a single chip is non-trivial and a challenging job. The design and development of such a lab-on-a chip is possible only via Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS) technology. The reproducible and integrated optical device fabrication would reduce cost and size many folds as compared to bulk or fiber optic OCT system. A miniaturized OCT of size less than 5mm2 area is designed, simulated, and optimized. The successful fabrication of this device would help in point-of-contact devices as well as embedded biomedical sensor applications. Also, the design promises the possibility of fabrication of all optical components of OCT integrated into a single chip.

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Dey, D., and T. Goswami. "Optical Biosensors: A Revolution Towards Quantum Nanoscale Electronics Device Fabrication." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/348218.

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The dimension of biomolecules is of few nanometers, so the biomolecular devices ought to be of that range so a better understanding about the performance of the electronic biomolecular devices can be obtained at nanoscale. Development of optical biomolecular device is a new move towards revolution of nano-bioelectronics. Optical biosensor is one of such nano-biomolecular devices that has a potential to pave a new dimension of research and device fabrication in the field of optical and biomedical fields. This paper is a very small report about optical biosensor and its development and importance in various fields.

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Giorleo, L., E. Ceretti, and C. Giardini. "Optimization of laser micromachining process for biomedical device fabrication." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 82, no. 5-8 (June 27, 2015): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7450-2.

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Li, Qiushi, Zhaoduo Tong, and Hongju Mao. "Microfluidic Based Organ-on-Chips and Biomedical Application." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2023): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040436.

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Garcia-Rey, Sandra, Jacob B. Nielsen, Gregory P. Nordin, Adam T. Woolley, Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts, and Fernando Benito-Lopez. "High-Resolution 3D Printing Fabrication of a Microfluidic Platform for Blood Plasma Separation." Polymers 14, no. 13 (June 22, 2022): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132537.

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Additive manufacturing technology is an emerging method for rapid prototyping, which enables the creation of complex geometries by one-step fabrication processes through a layer-by-layer approach. The simplified fabrication achieved with this methodology opens the way towards a more efficient industrial production, with applications in a great number of fields such as biomedical devices. In biomedicine, blood is the gold-standard biofluid for clinical analysis. However, blood cells generate analytical interferences in many test procedures; hence, it is important to separate plasma from blood cells before analytical testing of blood samples. In this research, a custom-made resin formulation combined with a high-resolution 3D printing methodology were used to achieve a methodology for the fast prototype optimization of an operative plasma separation modular device. Through an iterative process, 17 different prototypes were designed and fabricated with printing times ranging from 5 to 12 min. The final device was evaluated through colorimetric analysis, validating this fabrication approach for the qualitative assessment of plasma separation from whole blood. The 3D printing method used here demonstrates the great contribution that this microfluidic technology will bring to the plasma separation biomedical devices market.

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Wu, Zhen-Lin, Ya-Nan Qi, Xiao-Jie Yin, Xin Yang, Chang-Ming Chen, Jing-Ying Yu, Jia-Chen Yu, et al. "Polymer-Based Device Fabrication and Applications Using Direct Laser Writing Technology." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030553.

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Polymer materials exhibit unique properties in the fabrication of optical waveguide devices, electromagnetic devices, and bio-devices. Direct laser writing (DLW) technology is widely used for micro-structure fabrication due to its high processing precision, low cost, and no need for mask exposure. This paper reviews the latest research progresses of polymer-based micro/nano-devices fabricated using the DLW technique as well as their applications. In order to realize various device structures and functions, different manufacture parameters of DLW systems are adopted, which are also investigated in this work. The flexible use of the DLW process in various polymer-based microstructures, including optical, electronic, magnetic, and biomedical devices are reviewed together with their applications. In addition, polymer materials which are developed with unique properties for the use of DLW technology are also discussed.

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Butkutė, Agnė, Tomas Jurkšas, Tomas Baravykas, Bettina Leber, Greta Merkininkaitė, Rugilė Žilėnaitė, Deividas Čereška, et al. "Combined Femtosecond Laser Glass Microprocessing for Liver-on-Chip Device Fabrication." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062174.

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Nowadays, lab-on-chip (LOC) devices are attracting more and more attention since they show vast prospects for various biomedical applications. Usually, an LOC is a small device that serves a single laboratory function. LOCs show massive potential for organ-on-chip (OOC) device manufacturing since they could allow for research on the avoidance of various diseases or the avoidance of drug testing on animals or humans. However, this technology is still under development. The dominant technique for the fabrication of such devices is molding, which is very attractive and efficient for mass production, but has many drawbacks for prototyping. This article suggests a femtosecond laser microprocessing technique for the prototyping of an OOC-type device—a liver-on-chip. We demonstrate the production of liver-on-chip devices out of glass by using femtosecond laser-based selective laser etching (SLE) and laser welding techniques. The fabricated device was tested with HepG2(GS) liver cancer cells. During the test, HepG2(GS) cells proliferated in the chip, thus showing the potential of the suggested technique for further OOC development.

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Elvira, Katherine S., Fabrice Gielen, Scott S. H. Tsai, and Adrian M. Nightingale. "Materials and methods for droplet microfluidic device fabrication." Lab on a Chip 22, no. 5 (2022): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1lc00836f.

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When making a droplet flow device what material should you use? What fabrication methods are available and will surface treatments be required? This review offers a guide, with examples, to making robust droplet flow devices.

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Perumal, Veeradasan, U. Hashim, and Tijjani Adam. "Mask Design and Simulation: Computer Aided Design for Lab-on-Chip Application." Advanced Materials Research 832 (November 2013): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.832.84.

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A simple design and simulation of microwire, contact pad and microfluidic channel on computer aided design (CAD) for chrome mask fabrication are described.The integration of microfluidic and nanotechnology for miniaturized lab-on-chip device has received a large research attention due to its undisputable and widespread biomedical applications. For the development of a micro-total analytical system, the integration of an appropriate fluid delivery system to a biosensing apparatus is required. In this study, we had presented the new Lab-On-Chip design for biomedical application. AutoCAD software was used to present the initial design/prototype of this Lab-On-Chip device. The microfluidic is design in such a way, that fluid flow was passively driven by capillary effect. Eventually, the prototype of the microfluidics was simulated using Comsol Multiphysics software for design validation.The complete design upon simulation is then used for mask fabrication. Hence, three mask is fabricated which consist of microwire, contact pad and microfluidics for device fabrication using photolithography process.

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Trinh, Kieu The Loan, Duc Anh Thai, and Nae Yoon Lee. "Bonding Strategies for Thermoplastics Applicable for Bioanalysis and Diagnostics." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091503.

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Microfluidics is a multidisciplinary science that includes physics, chemistry, engineering, and biotechnology. Such microscale systems are receiving growing interest in applications such as analysis, diagnostics, and biomedical research. Thermoplastic polymers have emerged as one of the most attractive materials for microfluidic device fabrication owing to advantages such as being optically transparent, biocompatible, cost-effective, and mass producible. However, thermoplastic bonding is a key challenge for sealing microfluidic devices. Given the wide range of bonding methods, the appropriate bonding approach should be carefully selected depending on the thermoplastic material and functional requirements. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of thermoplastic fabricating and bonding approaches, presenting their advantages and disadvantages, to assist in finding suitable microfluidic device bonding methods. In addition, we highlight current applications of thermoplastic microfluidics to analyses and diagnostics and introduce future perspectives on thermoplastic bonding strategies.

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Mikhaylov, Roman, Fangda Wu, Hanlin Wang, Aled Clayton, Chao Sun, Zhihua Xie, Dongfang Liang, et al. "Development and characterisation of acoustofluidic devices using detachable electrodes made from PCB." Lab on a Chip 20, no. 10 (2020): 1807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc01192g.

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We demonstrate a novel SAW device fabrication technique by mechanically clamping interdigital electrodes (IDEs) on the printed circuit board (PCB) to a LiNbO₃ wafer. The novel PCB-SAW device is capable of performing all the functions of standard SAW devices.

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Kim, Kyunghun, Hocheon Yoo, and Eun Kwang Lee. "New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications." Polymers 14, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 2960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14142960.

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The life expectancy of humans has been significantly elevated due to advancements in medical knowledge and skills over the past few decades. Although a lot of knowledge and skills are disseminated to the general public, electronic devices that quantitatively diagnose one’s own body condition still require specialized semiconductor devices which are huge and not portable. In this regard, semiconductor materials that are lightweight and have low power consumption and high performance should be developed with low cost for mass production. Organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials in biomedical applications due to their functionalities, solution-processability and excellent mechanical properties in terms of flexibility. In this review, we discuss organic semiconductor materials that are widely utilized in biomedical devices. Some advantageous and unique properties of organic semiconductors compared to inorganic semiconductors are reviewed. By critically assessing the fabrication process and device structures in organic-based biomedical devices, the potential merits and future aspects of the organic biomedical devices are pinpointed compared to inorganic devices.

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Polanco, Edward R., Justin Griffin, and Thomas A. Zangle. "Fabrication and Bonding of Refractive Index Matched Microfluidics for Precise Measurements of Cell Mass." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040496.

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The optical properties of polymer materials used for microfluidic device fabrication can impact device performance when used for optical measurements. In particular, conventional polymer materials used for microfluidic devices have a large difference in refractive index relative to aqueous media generally used for biomedical applications. This can create artifacts when used for microscopy-based assays. Fluorination can reduce polymer refractive index, but at the cost of reduced adhesion, creating issues with device bonding. Here, we present a novel fabrication technique for bonding microfluidic devices made of NOA1348, which is a fluorinated, UV-curable polymer with a refractive index similar to that of water, to a glass substrate. This technique is compatible with soft lithography techniques, making this approach readily integrated into existing microfabrication workflows. We also demonstrate that this material is compatible with quantitative phase imaging, which we used to validate the refractive index of the material post-fabrication. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this material with a novel image processing approach to precisely quantify the mass of cells in the microchannel without the use of cell segmentation or tracking. The novel image processing approach combined with this low refractive index material eliminates an important source of error, allowing for high-precision measurements of cell mass with a coefficient of variance of 1%.

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Tahir, Usama, Young Bo Shim, Muhammad Ahmad Kamran, Doo-In Kim, and Myung Yung Jeong. "Nanofabrication Techniques: Challenges and Future Prospects." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 4981–5013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19327.

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Nanofabrication of functional micro/nano-features is becoming increasingly relevant in various electronic, photonic, energy, and biological devices globally. The development of these devices with special characteristics originates from the integration of low-cost and high-quality micro/nano-features into 3D-designs. Great progress has been achieved in recent years for the fabrication of micro/nanostructured based devices by using different imprinting techniques. The key problems are designing techniques/approaches with adequate resolution and consistency with specific materials. By considering optical device fabrication on the large-scale as a context, we discussed the considerations involved in product fabrication processes compatibility, the feature’s functionality, and capability of bottom-up and top-down processes. This review summarizes the recent developments in these areas with an emphasis on established techniques for the micro/nano-fabrication of 3-dimensional structured devices on large-scale. Moreover, numerous potential applications and innovative products based on the large-scale are also demonstrated. Finally, prospects, challenges, and future directions for device fabrication are addressed precisely.

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S, Anil Subash, Manjunatha C, Ajit Khosla, R. Hari Krishna, and Ashoka S. "Current Progress in Materials, Device Fabrication, and Biomedical Applications of Potentiometric Sensor Devices: A Short Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 6343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.6343ecst.

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Potentiometric sensor devices are having a wide range of applications in environmental and biomedical fields. This short review aims to provide updates on recent innovations in various nanomaterials as sensing components used in potentiometric sensor devices. The review also covers the various methods and conditions used to develop these sensor nanomaterials with appropriately decorated by functional groups. Reduced graphene oxide along with traditional platinum electrodes is used to monitor algae growth in an aquatic ecosystem. Here, the addition of reduced-graphene increases the selectivity and precision of the potentiometric sensor. The review also describe the fabrication and the mechanism of sensing of carbon composite based glucose sensors, sweat sensors, and pH sensors, which are used for monitoring a human body. Sweat sensors are the ion-sensors which use carbon nanoparticles for high selectivity. Porous graphene oxide is also one of the highly used carbon nanomaterials which show high selectivity towards different types of chemicals under certain conditions. PANI/Graphene/CNT nanocomposite based potentiometric sensor is used to detect hazardous 4-aminophenol in the surrounding area. Using nanocomposite increases the selectivity and gives a high current response in the I-V graph. The granular nature of InVO4 is used in the fabrication of ammonia sensors. Formaldehyde is one of the commonly found adulterations in the food. A biosensor has been fabricated using CNTs-Fe3O4 nanocomposite to detect the formaldehyde in the foods. Finally the review summarizes the merits and limitations of various potentiometric sensors developed for different biomedical applications.

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Chen, Luyao, Xin Guo, Xidi Sun, Shuming Zhang, Jing Wu, Huiwen Yu, Tongju Zhang, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi, and Lijia Pan. "Porous Structural Microfluidic Device for Biomedical Diagnosis: A Review." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2023): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030547.

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Microfluidics has recently received more and more attention in applications such as biomedical, chemical and medicine. With the development of microelectronics technology as well as material science in recent years, microfluidic devices have made great progress. Porous structures as a discontinuous medium in which the special flow phenomena of fluids lead to their potential and special applications in microfluidics offer a unique way to develop completely new microfluidic chips. In this article, we firstly introduce the fabrication methods for porous structures of different materials. Then, the physical effects of microfluid flow in porous media and their related physical models are discussed. Finally, the state-of-the-art porous microfluidic chips and their applications in biomedicine are summarized, and we present the current problems and future directions in this field.

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Lin, Haisong, Yichao Zhao, Shuyu Lin, Bo Wang, Christopher Yeung, Xuanbing Cheng, Zhaoqing Wang, et al. "A rapid and low-cost fabrication and integration scheme to render 3D microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 17 (2019): 2844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00418a.

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We devise a simple, scalable, and low-cost “CAD-to-3D Device” fabrication and integration scheme, which renders 3D and complex microfluidic architectures for wearable biofluid sampling, manipulation, and sensing.

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Chen, Ziyu, and Jeong-Bong Lee. "Biocompatibility of SU-8 and Its Biomedical Device Applications." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 4, 2021): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070794.

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SU-8 is an epoxy-based, negative-tone photoresist that has been extensively utilized to fabricate myriads of devices including biomedical devices in the recent years. This paper first reviews the biocompatibility of SU-8 for in vitro and in vivo applications. Surface modification techniques as well as various biomedical applications based on SU-8 are also discussed. Although SU-8 might not be completely biocompatible, existing surface modification techniques, such as O2 plasma treatment or grafting of biocompatible polymers, might be sufficient to minimize biofouling caused by SU-8. As a result, a great deal of effort has been directed to the development of SU-8-based functional devices for biomedical applications. This review includes biomedical applications such as platforms for cell culture and cell encapsulation, immunosensing, neural probes, and implantable pressure sensors. Proper treatments of SU-8 and slight modification of surfaces have enabled the SU-8 as one of the unique choices of materials in the fabrication of biomedical devices. Due to the versatility of SU-8 and comparative advantages in terms of improved Young’s modulus and yield strength, we believe that SU-8-based biomedical devices would gain wider proliferation among the biomedical community in the future.

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Sattayasoonthorn, Preedipat, Jackrit Suthakorn, and Sorayouth Chamnanvej. "On the feasibility of a liquid crystal polymer pressure sensor for intracranial pressure measurement." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 64, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2018-0029.

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Abstract Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is crucial in determining the appropriate treatment in traumatic brain injury. Minimally invasive approaches to monitor ICP are subject to ongoing research because they are expected to reduce infections and complications associated with conventional devices. This study aims to develop a wireless ICP monitoring device that is biocompatible, miniature and implantable. Liquid crystal polymer (LCP) was selected to be the main material for the device fabrication. This study considers the design, fabrication and testing of the sensing unit of the proposed wireless ICP monitoring device. A piezoresistive pressure sensor was designed to respond to 0–50 mm Hg applied pressure and fabricated on LCP by standard microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) procedures. The fabricated LCP pressure sensor was studied in a moist environment by means of a hydrostatic pressure test. The results showed a relative change in voltage and pressure from which the sensor’s sensitivity was deduced. This was a proof-of-concept study and based on the results of this study, a number of recommendations for improving the considered sensor performance were made. The limitations are discussed, and future design modifications are proposed that should lead to a complete LCP package with an improved performance for wireless, minimally invasive ICP monitoring.

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Ahangar, Pouyan, Megan E. Cooke, Michael H. Weber, and Derek H. Rosenzweig. "Current Biomedical Applications of 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081713.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged over the past four decades as a cost-effective, on-demand modality for fabrication of geometrically complex objects. The ability to design and print virtually any object shape using a diverse array of materials, such as metals, polymers, ceramics and bioinks, has allowed for the adoption of this technology for biomedical applications in both research and clinical settings. Current advancements in tissue engineering and regeneration, therapeutic delivery, medical device fabrication and operative management planning ensure that AM will continue to play an increasingly important role in the future of healthcare. In this review, we outline current biomedical applications of common AM techniques and materials.

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Zhang, Haijian, Yanxiu Peng, Nuohan Zhang, Jian Yang, Yongtian Wang, and He Ding. "Emerging Optoelectronic Devices Based on Microscale LEDs and Their Use as Implantable Biomedical Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071069.

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Thin-film microscale light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are efficient light sources and their integrated applications offer robust capabilities and potential strategies in biomedical science. By leveraging innovations in the design of optoelectronic semiconductor structures, advanced fabrication techniques, biocompatible encapsulation, remote control circuits, wireless power supply strategies, etc., these emerging applications provide implantable probes that differ from conventional tethering techniques such as optical fibers. This review introduces the recent advancements of thin-film microscale LEDs for biomedical applications, covering the device lift-off and transfer printing fabrication processes and the representative biomedical applications for light stimulation, therapy, and photometric biosensing. Wireless power delivery systems have been outlined and discussed to facilitate the operation of implantable probes. With such wireless, battery-free, and minimally invasive implantable light-source probes, these biomedical applications offer excellent opportunities and instruments for both biomedical sciences research and clinical diagnosis and therapy.

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Galliani, Marina, Laura M. Ferrari, Guenaelle Bouet, David Eglin, and Esma Ismailova. "Tailoring inkjet-printed PEDOT:PSS composition toward green, wearable device fabrication." APL Bioengineering 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 016101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0117278.

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Inkjet printing remains one of the most cost-efficient techniques for device prototyping and manufacturing, offering considerable freedom of digital design, non-contact, and additive fabrication. When developing novel wearable devices, a balanced approach is required between functional, user-safe materials and scalable manufacturing processes. Here, we propose a tailor-made ink formulation, based on non-hazardous materials, to develop green electronic devices aimed at interfacing with humans. We demonstrate that developed ink exhibits high-resolution inkjet printability, in line with theoretical prediction, on multiple wearable substrates. The ink's chemical composition ensures the pattern's enhanced electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, and stability in water. The cytocompatibility evaluations show no noxious effects from printed films in contact with human mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, we fabricated a printed wearable touch sensor on a non-woven fabric substrate, capable of tracking human steps. This is a step toward the development of green wearable electronics manufacturing, demonstrating a viable combination of materials and processes for biocompatible devices.

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Abd Rahman, Siti Fatimah, Nor Azah Yusof, Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad, Uda Hashim, Mohammad Nuzaihan Md Nor, and Mohd Nizar Hamidon. "Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire Sensors for Highly Sensitive pH and DNA Hybridization Detection." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 2652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152652.

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A highly sensitive silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based sensor device was developed using electron beam lithography integrated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The top-down fabrication approach enables the rapid fabrication of device miniaturization with uniform and strictly controlled geometric and surface properties. This study demonstrates that SiNW devices are well-aligned with different widths and numbers for pH sensing. The device consists of a single nanowire with 60 nm width, exhibiting an ideal pH responsivity (18.26 × 106 Ω/pH), with a good linear relation between the electrical response and a pH level range of 4–10. The optimized SiNW device is employed to detect specific single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) molecules. To use the sensing area, the sensor surface was chemically modified using (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde, yielding covalently linked nanowire ssDNA adducts. Detection of hybridized DNA works by detecting the changes in the electrical current of the ssDNA-functionalized SiNW sensor, interacting with the targeted ssDNA in a label-free way. The developed biosensor shows selectivity for the complementary target ssDNA with linear detection ranging from 1.0 × 10−12 M to 1.0 × 10−7 M and an attained detection limit of 4.131 × 10−13 M. This indicates that the use of SiNW devices is a promising approach for the applications of ion detection and biomolecules sensing and could serve as a novel biosensor for future biomedical diagnosis.

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Lee, Jaeseok, and Minseok Kim. "Polymeric Microfluidic Devices Fabricated Using Epoxy Resin for Chemically Demanding and Day-Long Experiments." Biosensors 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2022): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100838.

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Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a widely used material in laboratories for fabricating microfluidic devices with a rapid and reproducible prototypingability, owing to its inherent properties (e.g., flexibility, air permeability, and transparency). However, the PDMS channel is easily deformed under pressures applied to generate flows because of its elasticity, which can affect the robustness of experiments. In addition, air permeability of PDMS causes the pervaporation of water, and its porous structure absorbs oil and even small hydrophobic molecules, rendering it inappropriate for chemically demanding or day-long experiments. In this study, we develop a rapid and reproducible fabrication method for polymer-based rigid microfluidic devices, using epoxy resin that can overcome the limitations of PDMS channels, which are structurally and chemically robust. We first optimize a high-resolution fabrication protocol to achieve convenient and repeatable prototyping of polymeric devices via epoxy casting using PDMS soft molds. In addition, we compare the velocity changes in PDMS microchannels by tracking fluorescent particles in various flows (~133 μL/min) to demonstrate the structural robustness of the polymeric device. Furthermore, by comparing the adsorption of fluorescent hydrophobic chemicals and the pervaporation through channel walls, we demonstrate the excellent chemical resistance of the polymeric device and its suitability for day-long experiments. The rigid polymeric device can facilitate lab-on-chip research and enable various applications, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, anaerobic bacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction, which require chemically or physically demanding experiments.

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Sundriyal, Poonam. "(Digital Presentation) 3D Printing and Laser for Fabrication and Interface Modification of Origami-Inspired Dielectric Elastomer Actuators." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 18 (July 7, 2022): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01181044mtgabs.

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The soft and flexible materials with shape and size adaption characteristics are gaining much attention for many applications, including wearable electronics, biomedical devices, microfluidic systems, tunable optics, soft robotics, and adaptive systems. Despite the several advancements in this area, the automated manufacturing and interface modification of these devices is still a major challenge. Here, we report 3D printing and laser for the rapid and scalable fabrication of dielectric elastomer actuators. The elastomer-based inks of dielectric matrix and electrodes were prepared with desirable rheology to obtain excellent print quality and required mechanical and electrical properties. This process can produce thin and ultrathin layers, porous structures, and interface modification of the device components. The device with printed elastomer patterns exhibited a breakdown strength of 40 V µm-1 at 8 % strain. The finite elemental simulation was also performed to determine the device performance under different strain conditions. The proposed technique is highly beneficial for improving the manufacturing and performance of dielectric elastomer actuators.

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Shakeri, Amid, Shadman Khan, Noor Abu Jarad, and Tohid F. Didar. "The Fabrication and Bonding of Thermoplastic Microfluidics: A Review." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 18, 2022): 6478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186478.

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Various fields within biomedical engineering have been afforded rapid scientific advancement through the incorporation of microfluidics. As literature surrounding biological systems become more comprehensive and many microfluidic platforms show potential for commercialization, the development of representative fluidic systems has become more intricate. This has brought increased scrutiny of the material properties of microfluidic substrates. Thermoplastics have been highlighted as a promising material, given their material adaptability and commercial compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive discussion surrounding recent developments pertaining to thermoplastic microfluidic device fabrication. Existing and emerging approaches related to both microchannel fabrication and device assembly are highlighted, with consideration toward how specific approaches induce physical and/or chemical properties that are optimally suited for relevant real-world applications.

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Kong, David S., Todd A. Thorsen, Jonathan Babb, Scott T. Wick, Jeremy J. Gam, Ron Weiss, and Peter A. Carr. "Open-source, community-driven microfluidics with Metafluidics." Nature Biotechnology 35, no. 6 (June 2017): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3873.

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Abstract Microfluidic devices have the potential to automate and miniaturize biological experiments, but open-source sharing of device designs has lagged behind sharing of other resources such as software. Synthetic biologists have used microfluidics for DNA assembly, cell-free expression, and cell culture, but a combination of expense, device complexity, and reliance on custom set-ups hampers their widespread adoption. We present Metafluidics, an open-source, community-driven repository that hosts digital design files, assembly specifications, and open-source software to enable users to build, configure, and operate a microfluidic device. We use Metafluidics to share designs and fabrication instructions for both a microfluidic ring-mixer device and a 32-channel tabletop microfluidic controller. This device and controller are applied to build genetic circuits using standard DNA assembly methods including ligation, Gateway, Gibson, and Golden Gate. Metafluidics is intended to enable a broad community of engineers, DIY enthusiasts, and other nontraditional participants with limited fabrication skills to contribute to microfluidic research.

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Ahmad, Muneer, Yongho Seo, and Young Jin Choi. "Nanographene device fabrication using atomic force microscope." Micro & Nano Letters 8, no. 8 (August 2013): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2013.0199.

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Wei, Zhihuan, Zhongying Xue, and Qinglei Guo. "Recent Progress on Bioresorbable Passive Electronic Devices and Systems." Micromachines 12, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12060600.

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Bioresorbable electronic devices and/or systems are of great appeal in the field of biomedical engineering due to their unique characteristics that can be dissolved and resorbed after a predefined period, thus eliminating the costs and risks associated with the secondary surgery for retrieval. Among them, passive electronic components or systems are attractive for the clear structure design, simple fabrication process, and ease of data extraction. This work reviews the recent progress on bioresorbable passive electronic devices and systems, with an emphasis on their applications in biomedical engineering. Materials strategies, device architectures, integration approaches, and applications of bioresorbable passive devices are discussed. Furthermore, this work also overviews wireless passive systems fabricated with the combination of various passive components for vital sign monitoring, drug delivering, and nerve regeneration. Finally, we conclude with some perspectives on future fundamental studies, application opportunities, and remaining challenges of bioresorbable passive electronics.

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Wang, Chua-Chin, Lean Karlo S. Tolentino, Pin-Chuan Chen, John Richard E. Hizon, Chung-Kun Yen, Cheng-Tang Pan, and Ya-Hsin Hsueh. "A 40-nm CMOS Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting IC for Wearable Biomedical Applications." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060649.

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This investigation presents an energy harvesting IC (integrated circuit) for piezoelectric materials as a substitute for battery of a wearable biomedical device. It employs a voltage multiplier as first stage which uses water bucket fountain approach to boost the very low voltage generated by the piezoelectric. The boosted voltage was further improved by the boost DC/DC converter which follows a predefined timing control directed by the digital logic for the said converter to be operated efficiently. TSMC 40-nm CMOS process was used for implementation and fabrication of the energy harvesting IC. The chip’s core has an area of 0.013 mm2. With an output of 1 V which is enough to supply the wearable biomedical devices, it exhibited the highest pump gain and accommodated the lowest piezoelectric generated voltage among recent related works.

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Cai, Zhongyu, Yong Wan, Matthew L. Becker, Yun-Ze Long, and David Dean. "Poly(propylene fumarate)-based materials: Synthesis, functionalization, properties, device fabrication and biomedical applications." Biomaterials 208 (July 2019): 45–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.03.038.

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Barbosa, Rita Clarisse Silva, and Paulo M. Mendes. "A Comprehensive Review on Photoacoustic-Based Devices for Biomedical Applications." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 9541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239541.

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The photoacoustic effect is an emerging technology that has sparked significant interest in the research field since an acoustic wave can be produced simply by the incidence of light on a material or tissue. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated, not only to perform photoacoustic imaging but also to develop highly miniaturized ultrasound probes that can provide biologically meaningful information. Therefore, this review aims to outline the materials and their fabrication process that can be employed as photoacoustic targets, both biological and non-biological, and report the main components’ features to achieve a certain performance. When designing a device, it is of utmost importance to model it at an early stage for a deeper understanding and to ease the optimization process. As such, throughout this article, the different methods already implemented to model the photoacoustic effect are introduced, as well as the advantages and drawbacks inherent in each approach. However, some remaining challenges are still faced when developing such a system regarding its fabrication, modeling, and characterization, which are also discussed.

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Monserrat Lopez, Diego, Philipp Rottmann, Martin Fussenegger, and Emanuel Lörtscher. "Silicon-Based 3D Microfluidics for Parallelization of Droplet Generation." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (June 23, 2023): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071289.

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Both the diversity and complexity of microfluidic systems have experienced a tremendous progress over the last decades, enabled by new materials, novel device concepts and innovative fabrication routes. In particular the subfield of high-throughput screening, used for biochemical, genetic and pharmacological samples, has extensively emerged from developments in droplet microfluidics. More recently, new 3D device architectures enabled either by stacking layers of PDMS or by direct 3D-printing have gained enormous attention for applications in chemical synthesis or biomedical assays. While the first microfluidic devices were based on silicon and glass structures, those materials have not yet been significantly expanded towards 3D despite their high chemical compatibility, mechanical strength or mass-production potential. In our work, we present a generic fabrication route based on the implementation of vertical vias and a redistribution layer to create glass–silicon–glass 3D microfluidic structures. It is used to build different droplet-generating devices with several flow-focusing junctions in parallel, all fed from a single source. We study the effect of having several of these junctions in parallel by varying the flow conditions of both the continuous and the dispersed phases. We demonstrate that the generic concept enables an upscaling in the production rate by increasing the number of droplet generators per device without sacrificing the monodispersity of the droplets.

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Li, Rongfeng, Liu Wang, and Lan Yin. "Materials and Devices for Biodegradable and Soft Biomedical Electronics." Materials 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112108.

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Biodegradable and soft biomedical electronics that eliminate secondary surgery and ensure intimate contact with soft biological tissues of the human body are of growing interest, due to their emerging applications in high-quality healthcare monitoring and effective disease treatments. Recent systematic studies have significantly expanded the biodegradable electronic materials database, and various novel transient systems have been proposed. Biodegradable materials with soft properties and integration schemes of flexible or/and stretchable platforms will further advance electronic systems that match the properties of biological systems, providing an important step along the path towards clinical trials. This review focuses on recent progress and achievements in biodegradable and soft electronics for biomedical applications. The available biodegradable materials in their soft formats, the associated novel fabrication schemes, the device layouts, and the functionality of a variety of fully bioresorbable and soft devices, are reviewed. Finally, the key challenges and possible future directions of biodegradable and soft electronics are provided.

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Kim, Jueun, Su A. Park, Jei Kim, and Jaejong Lee. "Fabrication and Characterization of Bioresorbable Drug-coated Porous Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091438.

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Bioresorbable polymers have been studied for several decades as attractive candidates for promoting the advancement of medical science and bio-technology in modern society. In particular, with a well-defined architecture, bioresorbable polymers have prominent advantages over their bulk counterparts for applications in biomedical and implant devices, such as cell delivery, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and hydrogels as well as in the pharmaceutical fields. Biocompatible implant devices based on bioresorbable materials (for instance, bioresorbable polymers that combine the unique advantages of biocompability and easy handling) have emerged as a highly active field due to their promising applications in artificial implant systems and biomedical devices. In this paper, we report an approach to fabricate porous polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds using a 3D printing system. And its surface was treated to a hydrophilic surface using plasma treatment. Then, the aspirin and atorvastatin calcium salt mixture was dip coated onto the surface. The drug coating technology was used to deposit the drug material onto the scaffold surface. Our porous PCL scaffold was coated with aspirin and atorvastatin calcium salt to reduce the blood LDL cholesterol and restenosis. These results suggest that our approach may provide a promising scaffold for developing bioresorbable drug-delivery-biomaterials. We further demonstrate that our bioresorbable medical device can be used as vascular scaffolds to provide a wide range of applications for the design of medical devices.

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Sharma Rao, Balakrishnan, and U. Hashim. "Microfluidic Photomask Design Using CAD Software for Application in Lab-On-Chip Biomedical Nanodiagnostics." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 388–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.388.

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Photomasks are used as stencil to print images on semiconductor material. This study represents design and specifications of photomask for microfluidic fabrication. For a precise pattern transfer, the photomask should meet with certain considerations such as critical dimension uniformity, resolution and alignment. This paper explains the design of microfluidics with three channels using AutoCAD software for lab-on-chip application. Total surface area of the device is 242.52mm2 in which the width and length is 12.00mm and 20.21mm respectively. The device was designed in particular size to meet its behavior as a disposable chip and increases the economic value when it is fabricated.

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Bokka, Naveen, Venkatarao Selamneni, Vivek Adepu, Sandeep Jajjara, and Parikshit Sahatiya. "Water soluble flexible and wearable electronic devices: a review." Flexible and Printed Electronics 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 043006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-8585/ac3c35.

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Abstract Electronic devices that are biodegradable, water soluble and flexible and are fabricated using biodegradable materials are of great importance due to their potential application in biomedical implants, personal healthcare etc. Moreover, despite the swift growth of semiconductor technologies and considering a device’s shell life of two years, the subject of electronic waste (E-waste) disposal has become a major issue. Transient electronics is a rapidly expanding field that solves the issue of E-waste by destroying the device after usage. The device disintegration can be caused by a multitude of triggering events, an example is that the device totally dissolves and/or disintegrates when submerged in water. This technology enables us to utilize electronic devices for a set amount of time before quickly destroying them, lowering E-waste significantly. This review will highlight the recent advancement in water-soluble flexible electronic devices with more focus on functional materials (water insoluble), fabrication strategies and transiency understanding with special importance on areas where these devices exhibit potential application in flexible and wearable electronic devices which includes field effect transistors, photodetectors, memristors and sensors for personal healthcare monitoring.

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Murali, M., and S. H. Yeo. "Rapid Biocompatible Micro Device Fabrication by Micro Electro-Discharge Machining." Biomedical Microdevices 6, no. 1 (March 2004): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:bmmd.0000013364.71148.51.

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An, Seongpil, Dong Jin Kang, and Alexander L. Yarin. "A blister-like soft nano-textured thermo-pneumatic actuator as an artificial muscle." Nanoscale 10, no. 35 (2018): 16591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr04181d.

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A blister-like thermo-pneumatic soft actuator (BTSA) is developed as a bio-inspired device (the artificial muscle deflecting scales, spines and fur fibers). It holds great promise for biomedical applications where artificially grown skin patches should be removed from an underlying substrate without being damaged. The fabrication process of the BTSA is simple, and inexpensive.

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Malic, L., X. Zhang, D. Brassard, L. Clime, J. Daoud, C. Luebbert, V. Barrere, et al. "Polymer-based microfluidic chip for rapid and efficient immunomagnetic capture and release of Listeria monocytogenes." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 20 (2015): 3994–4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5lc00852b.

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A 3D magnetic trap is integrated on a polymeric microfluidic device using rapid low-cost fabrication. The device is used for efficient magnetic capture and release of bacteria conjugated to immunomagnetic nanoparticles.

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Pezzuoli, Denise, Elena Angeli, Diego Repetto, Patrizia Guida, Giuseppe Firpo, and Luca Repetto. "Increased Flexibility in Lab-on-Chip Design with a Polymer Patchwork Approach." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 25, 2019): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121678.

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Nanofluidic structures are often the key element of many lab-on-chips for biomedical and environmental applications. The demand for these devices to be able to perform increasingly complex tasks triggers a request for increasing the performance of the fabrication methods. Soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) have since long been the basic ingredients for producing low-cost, biocompatible and flexible devices, replicating nanostructured masters. However, when the desired functionalities require the fabrication of shallow channels, the “roof collapse” phenomenon, that can occur when sealing the replica, can impair the device functionalities. In this study, we demonstrate that a “focused drop-casting” of h-PDMS (hard PDMS) on nanostructured regions, provides the necessary stiffness to avoid roof collapse, without increasing the probability of deep cracks formation, a drawback that shows up in the peel-off step, when h-PDMS is used all over the device area. With this new approach, we efficiently fabricate working devices with reproducible sub-100 nm structures. We verify the absence of roof collapse and deep cracks by optical microscopy and, in order to assess the advantages that are introduced by the proposed technique, the acquired images are compared with those of cracked devices, whose top layer, of h-PDMS, and with those of collapsed devices, made of standard PDMS. The geometry of the critical regions is studied by atomic force microscopy of their resin casts. The electrical resistance of the nanochannels is measured and shown to be compatible with the estimates that can be obtained from the geometry. The simplicity of the method and its reliability make it suitable for increasing the fabrication yield and reducing the costs of nanofluidic polymeric lab-on-chips.

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Mokkapati, V. R. S. S., V. Di Virgilio, C. Shen, J. Mollinger, J. Bastemeijer, and A. Bossche. "DNA tracking within a nanochannel: device fabrication and experiments." Lab on a Chip 11, no. 16 (2011): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1lc20075e.

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Sahraeibelverdi, Tayebeh, L. Jay Guo, Hadi Veladi, and Mazdak Rad Malekshahi. "Polymer Ring Resonator with a Partially Tapered Waveguide for Biomedical Sensing: Computational Study." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 5017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155017.

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Ring resonators are well-known optical biosensors thanks to their relatively high Q-factor and sensitivity, in addition to their potential to be fabricated in large arrays with a small footprint. Here, we investigated the characteristics of a polymer ring resonator with a partially tapered waveguide for Biomedical Sensing. The goal is to develop a more sensitive biosensor with an improved figure of merit. The concept is more significant field interaction with the sample under test in tapered segments. Waveguide width is hereby gradually reduced to half. Sensitivity improves from 84.6 to 101.74 [nm/RIU] in a relatively small Q-factor reduction from 4.60 × 103 for a strip waveguide to 4.36 × 103 for a π/4 partially tapered one. After the study, the number of tapered parts from zero to fifteen, the obtained figure of merit improves from 497 for a strip ring to 565 for a π/4 tapered ring close to six tapered ones. Considering the fabrication process, the three-tapered one is suggested. The all-polymer material device provides advantages of a low-cost, disposable biosensor with roll-to-roll fabrication compatibility. This design can also be applied on silicon on isolator, or polymer on silicon-based devices, thereby taking advantage of a higher Q-factor and greater sensitivity.

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Zahiruddin, Syed, Avireni Srinivasulu, and Musala Sarada. "A Novel FSK Generator Using a Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 902–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666191116121454.

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Objective: The interest concern towards the development of enabling technology towards new current mode devices has forced the designers and researchers for the invention of devices, which has having the characteristics like such as low power, robustness, compactness, efficiency and scalability. Methods: Second Generation Current Controlled Conveyor (CCCII) is the prevailing current mode device of the times today. Since its invention by A. Fabre, it has prominent applications in the field of analog signal processing and in biomedical applications too. In this manuscript, CCCII is used as an enabling device to design a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Generator. Results: The proposed topology is designed using a single active device CCCII with least passive components. The circuit enjoys the features of like electronic tunability of frequency using the bias current. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the FSK generator circuit designed using single CCCII confers better results in contrast to the existing structures. The maximum power consumption is 0.196 mW. The proposed circuit has the benefit of simple configuration, which is very much proficient for IC fabrication.

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Mooney, D. J., G. Organ, J. P. Vacanti, and R. Langer. "Design and Fabrication of Biodegradable Polymer Devices to Engineer Tubular Tissues." Cell Transplantation 3, no. 2 (March 1994): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096368979400300209.

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Engineering new tissues by transplanting cells on polymeric delivery devices is one approach to alleviate the vast shortage of donor tissue. However, it will be necessary to fabricate cell delivery devices that deliver cells to a given location and promote the formation of specific tissue structures from the transplanted cells and the host tissue. This report describes the design and fabrication of a polymeric device for guiding the development of tubular vascularized tissues, which may be useful for engineering a variety of tissues including intestine, blood vessels, tracheas, and ureters. Porous films of poly (d, l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) have been formed and fabricated into tubes capable of resisting compressional forces in vitro and in vivo. These devices promote the ingrowth of fibrovascular tissue following implantation into recipient animals, resulting in a vascularized, tubular tissue. To investigate the utility of these devices as cell delivery devices, enterocytes (intestinal epithelial cells) were seeded onto the devices in vitro. Enterocytes were found to attach to these devices and form an organized epithelial cell layer. These results suggest that these devices may be an appropriate delivery vehicle for transplanting cells and engineering new tubular tissues.

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Kumar, Ashwani, K. L. Singh, and S. K. Tripathi. "Effect on Morphology and Optical Properties of Inorganic and Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films Fabricated Layer by Layer." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 3832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17493.

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In recent time, organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells govern photovoltaic field, due to its remarkable development on the power conversion process. Still, large variations in device efficiency and basic physical properties are reported. This is due to variations during film fabrications and consecutive treatments employed. Here, we report a layer by layer deposition of inorganic perovskite (CsBi3I10) and lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) thin films. We find that the absorbance for corresponding thin film goes on increasing dramatically. UV-vis spectrum of film recorded to find the band gap of films, ˜1.55 eV optical band gap have been obtained for the film fabricated layer by layer. We further study the fabrication of different perovskite layers impact on microstructure, surface morphology and optical properties. The optical and structural characterization outcomes all suggests the perovskite films processed by using the layer by layer fabrication are well controlled, making this processes an auspicious technique to fabricate thin-films for numerous prospective device applications and scientific studies.

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Naderi, Arman, Nirveek Bhattacharjee, and Albert Folch. "Digital Manufacturing for Microfluidics." Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 325–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-092618-020341.

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The microfluidics field is at a critical crossroads. The vast majority of microfluidic devices are presently manufactured using micromolding processes that work very well for a reduced set of biocompatible materials, but the time, cost, and design constraints of micromolding hinder the commercialization of many devices. As a result, the dissemination of microfluidic technology—and its impact on society—is in jeopardy. Digital manufacturing (DM) refers to a family of computer-centered processes that integrate digital three-dimensional (3D) designs, automated (additive or subtractive) fabrication, and device testing in order to increase fabrication efficiency. Importantly, DM enables the inexpensive realization of 3D designs that are impossible or very difficult to mold. The adoption of DM by microfluidic engineers has been slow, likely due to concerns over the resolution of the printers and the biocompatibility of the resins. In this article, we review and discuss the various printer types, resolution, biocompatibility issues, DM microfluidic designs, and the bright future ahead for this promising, fertile field.

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Zhang, Q., Y. J. Shin, F. Hua, L. V. Saraf, and D. W. Matson. "Fabrication of Transparent Capacitive Structure by Self-Assembled Thin Films." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 3008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.075.

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An approach to fabricating transparent electronic devices by using nanomaterial and nanofabrication is presented in this paper. A see-through capacitor is constructed from self-assembled silica nanoparticle layers that are stacked on the transparent substrate. The electrodes are made of indium tin oxide. Unlike the traditional processes used to fabricate such devices, the self-assembly approach enables one to synthesize the thin film layers at lower temperature and cost, and with a broader availability of nanomaterials. The vertical dimension of the self-assembled thin films can be precisely controlled, as well as the molecular order in the thin film layers. The shape of the capacitor is generated by planar micropatterning. The monitoring by quartz crystal demonstrates the steady growth of the silica nanoparticle multilayer. In addition, because the material synthesis and the device fabrication steps are separate, the fabrication is not affected by the harsh conditions required for the material synthesis. As a result, a clear pattern is allowed over a large area on the substrate. The prepared capacitive structure has an optical transparency higher than 92% over the visible spectrum. The capacitive impedance is measured at different frequencies and fit the theoretical results. As one of the fundamental components, this type of capacitive structure can serve in the transparent circuits, interactive media and sensors, as well as being applicable to other transparent devices.

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Tavakoli, Javad, Colin L. Raston, and Youhong Tang. "Tuning Surface Morphology of Fluorescent Hydrogels Using a Vortex Fluidic Device." Molecules 25, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 3445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25153445.

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In recent decades, microfluidic techniques have been extensively used to advance hydrogel design and control the architectural features on the micro- and nanoscale. The major challenges with the microfluidic approach are clogging and limited architectural features: notably, the creation of the sphere, core-shell, and fibers. Implementation of batch production is almost impossible with the relatively lengthy time of production, which is another disadvantage. This minireview aims to introduce a new microfluidic platform, a vortex fluidic device (VFD), for one-step fabrication of hydrogels with different architectural features and properties. The application of a VFD in the fabrication of physically crosslinked hydrogels with different surface morphologies, the creation of fluorescent hydrogels with excellent photostability and fluorescence properties, and tuning of the structure–property relationship in hydrogels are discussed. We conceive, on the basis of this minireview, that future studies will provide new opportunities to develop hydrogel nanocomposites with superior properties for different biomedical and engineering applications.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomedical Device Fabrication'

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