Journal articles on the topic 'Biomedical Applications - Carbon Based Nanomaterials'
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Matija, Lidija, Roumiana Tsenkova, Jelena Munćan, Mari Miyazaki, Kyoko Banba, Marija Tomić, and Branislava Jeftić. "Fullerene Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Engineering, Functionalization and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.224.
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Since their discovery in 1985, fullerenes have attracted considerable attention. Their unique carbon cage structure provides numerous opportunities for functionalization, giving this nanomaterial great potential for applications in the field of medicine. Analysis of the chemical, physical, and biological properties of fullerenes and their derivatives showed promising results. In this study, functionalized fullerene based nanomaterials were characterized using near infrared spectroscopy, and a novel method - Aquaphotomics. These nanomaterials were then used for engineering a new skin cream formula for their application in cosmetics and medicine. In this paper, results of nanocream effects on the skin (using near infrared spectroscopy and aquaphotomics), and existing results of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of fullerene base nanomaterials, are presented.
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Abu Owida, Hamza, Nidal M. Turab, and Jamal Al-Nabulsi. "Carbon nanomaterials advancements for biomedical applications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): 891–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i2.4310.
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The development of new technologies has helped tremendously in delivering timely, appropriate, acceptable, and reasonably priced medical treatment. Because of developments in nanoscience, a new class of nanostructures has emerged. Nanomaterials, because of their small size, display exceptional physio-chemical capabilities such as enhanced absorption and reactivity, increased surface area, molar extinction coefficients, tunable characteristics, quantum effects, and magnetic and optical properties. Researchers are interested in carbon-based nanomaterials due to their unique chemical and physical properties, which vary in thermodynamic, biomechanical, electrical, optical, and structural aspects. Due to their inherent properties, carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), have been intensively studied for biomedical applications. This article is a review of the most recent findings about the development of carbon-based nanomaterials for use in biosensing, drug delivery, and cancer therapy, among other things.
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Gatou, Maria-Anna, Ioanna-Aglaia Vagena, Natassa Pippa, Maria Gazouli, Evangelia A. Pavlatou, and Nefeli Lagopati. "The Use of Crystalline Carbon-Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) in Various Biomedical Applications." Crystals 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13081236.
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This review study aims to present, in a condensed manner, the significance of the use of crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Crystalline carbon-based nanomaterials, encompassing graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and graphene quantum dots, have emerged as promising materials for the development of medical devices in various biomedical applications. These materials possess inorganic semiconducting attributes combined with organic π-π stacking features, allowing them to efficiently interact with biomolecules and present enhanced light responses. By harnessing these unique properties, carbon-based nanomaterials offer promising opportunities for future advancements in biomedicine. Recent studies have focused on the development of these nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, and biosensors. The conjugation and modification of carbon-based nanomaterials have led to significant advancements in a plethora of therapies and have addressed limitations in preclinical biomedical applications. Furthermore, the wide-ranging therapeutic advantages of carbon nanotubes have been thoroughly examined in the context of biomedical applications.
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Rajakumar, Govindasamy, Xiu-Hua Zhang, Thandapani Gomathi, Sheng-Fu Wang, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Govindarasu Mydhili, Gnanasundaram Nirmala, Mohammad A. Alzohairy, and Ill-Min Chung. "Current Use of Carbon-Based Materials for Biomedical Applications—A Prospective and Review." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030355.
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Among a large number of current biomedical applications in the use of medical devices, carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene (G), graphene oxides (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and carbon nanotube (CNT) are frontline materials that are suitable for developing medical devices. Carbon Based Nanomaterials (CBNs) are becoming promising materials due to the existence of both inorganic semiconducting properties and organic π-π stacking characteristics. Hence, it could effectively simultaneously interact with biomolecules and response to the light. By taking advantage of such aspects in a single entity, CBNs could be used for developing biomedical applications in the future. The recent studies in developing carbon-based nanomaterials and its applications in targeting drug delivery, cancer therapy, and biosensors. The development of conjugated and modified carbon-based nanomaterials contributes to positive outcomes in various therapies and achieved emerging challenges in preclinical biomedical applications. Subsequently, diverse biomedical applications of carbon nanotube were also deliberately discussed in the light of various therapeutic advantages.
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Gandhi, Mansi, and Khairunnisa Amreen. "Emerging Trends in Nanomaterial-Based Biomedical Aspects." Electrochem 4, no. 3 (August 4, 2023): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem4030024.
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Comprehending the interfacial interaction of nanomaterials (NMs) and biological systems is a significant research interest. NMs comprise various nanoparticles (NPs) like carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, carbon dots, graphite nanopowders, etc. These NPs show a variety of interactions with biological interfaces via organic layers, therapeutic molecules, proteins, DNA, and cellular matrices. A number of biophysical and colloidal forces act at the morphological surface to regulate the biological responses of bio-nanoconjugates, imparting distinct physical properties to the NMs. The design of future-generation nano-tools is primarily based on the basic properties of NMs, such as shape, size, compositional, functionality, etc., with studies being carried out extensively. Understanding their properties promotes research in the medical and biological sciences and improves their applicability in the health management sector. In this review article, in-depth and critical analysis of the theoretical and experimental aspects involving nanoscale material, which have inspired various biological systems, is the area of focus. The main analysis involves different self-assembled synthetic materials, bio-functionalized NMs, and their probing techniques. The present review article focuses on recent emerging trends in the synthesis and applications of nanomaterials with respect to various biomedical applications. This article provides value to the literature as it summarizes the state-of-the-art nanomaterials reported, especially within the health sector. It has been observed that nanomaterial applications in drug design, diagnosis, testing, and in the research arena, as well as many fatal disease conditions like cancer and sepsis, have explored alongwith drug therapies and other options for the delivery of nanomaterials. Even the day-to-day life of the synthesis and purification of these materials is changing to provide us with a simplified process. This review article can be useful in the research sector as a single platform wherein all types of nanomaterials for biomedical aspects can be understood in detail.
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Gupta, Tejendra Kumar, Pattabhi Ramaiah Budarapu, Sivakumar Reddy Chappidi, Sudhir Sastry Y.B., Marco Paggi, and Stephane P. Bordas. "Advances in Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Bio-Medical Applications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 38 (January 3, 2019): 6851–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666181126113605.
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: The unique mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical and optical properties of carbon based nanomaterials (CBNs) like: Fullerenes, Graphene, Carbon nanotubes, and their derivatives made them widely used materials for various applications including biomedicine. Few recent applications of the CBNs in biomedicine include: cancer therapy, targeted drug delivery, bio-sensing, cell and tissue imaging and regenerative medicine. However, functionalization renders the toxicity of CBNs and makes them soluble in several solvents including water, which is required for biomedical applications. Hence, this review represents the complete study of development in nanomaterials of carbon for biomedical uses. Especially, CBNs as the vehicles for delivering the drug in carbon nanomaterials is described in particular. The computational modeling approaches of various CBNs are also addressed. Furthermore, prospectus, issues and possible challenges of this rapidly developing field are highlighted.
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Kumar, Santosh, Zhi Wang, Wen Zhang, Xuecheng Liu, Muyang Li, Guoru Li, Bingyuan Zhang, and Ragini Singh. "Optically Active Nanomaterials and Its Biosensing Applications—A Review." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010085.
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This article discusses optically active nanomaterials and their optical biosensing applications. In addition to enhancing their sensitivity, these nanomaterials also increase their biocompatibility. For this reason, nanomaterials, particularly those based on their chemical compositions, such as carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic-based nanomaterials, organic-based nanomaterials, and composite-based nanomaterials for biosensing applications are investigated thoroughly. These nanomaterials are used extensively in the field of fiber optic biosensing to improve response time, detection limit, and nature of specificity. Consequently, this article describes contemporary and application-based research that will be of great use to researchers in the nanomaterial-based optical sensing field. The difficulties encountered during the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanomaterials are also enumerated, and their future prospects are outlined for the reader’s benefit.
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Plachá, Daniela, and Josef Jampilek. "Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121758.
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Graphene-based nanomaterials have been intensively studied for their properties, modifications, and application potential. Biomedical applications are one of the main directions of research in this field. This review summarizes the research results which were obtained in the last two years (2017–2019), especially those related to drug/gene/protein delivery systems and materials with antimicrobial properties. Due to the large number of studies in the area of carbon nanomaterials, attention here is focused only on 2D structures, i.e. graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide.
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Behi, Mohammadreza, Leila Gholami, Sina Naficy, Stefano Palomba, and Fariba Dehghani. "Carbon dots: a novel platform for biomedical applications." Nanoscale Advances 4, no. 2 (2022): 353–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00559f.
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Carbon dots are a class of carbon-based nanostructures known as zero-dimensional nanomaterials. They have received a great deal of attention due to their distinctive features, which includes optical properties, ease of passivation, simple synthetic route.
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Hong, Le, Shu-Han Luo, Chen-Hao Yu, Yu Xie, Meng-Ying Xia, Ge-Yun Chen, and Qiang Peng. "Functional Nanomaterials and Their Potential Applications in Antibacterial Therapy." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738507666190320160802.
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In the past decades, nanomaterials have shown great potential in biomedical fields, especially in drug delivery, imaging and targeted therapy. Recently, the development of novel functional nanomaterials for antibacterial application has attracted much attention. Compared to the traditional direct use of antibiotics, antibacterial nanomaterials either as drug delivery systems or active agents have a higher efficacy and lower side effects. Herein, we will focus on the antibacterial applications of four commonly used nanomaterials, including metal-based nanomaterials, polymeric nanoparticles, graphene oxides or carbon-based nanomaterials and nanogels.
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Cuello, Emma Antonia, Silvestre Bongiovanni Abel, César Barbero, Inés Yslas, and María Molina. "Nanomaterials as Photothermal Agents for Biomedical Applications." Science Reviews - from the end of the world 1, no. 3 (June 12, 2020): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52712/sciencereviews.v1i3.20.
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Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a potentially curative treatment modality that in recent years has been the object of growing interest and rapid technological advances due to its specific therapeutic efficacy and because it is a non-invasive technique. Nowadays, several nanomaterials have been developed as photothermal agents including metallic and carbon-based nanoparticles, conducting polymers, and different kinds of nanocomposites, among others. In this article, the most relevant applications of these photothermal nano-agents in antibacterial and anticancer therapy are reviewed.
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Ambhorkar, Pranav, Zongjie Wang, Hyuongho Ko, Sangmin Lee, Kyo-in Koo, Keekyoung Kim, and Dong-il Cho. "Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications." Micromachines 9, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9120679.
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Over the past decade, synthesized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, quantum dot, and nanowire, have already made breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedical sensors. Enormous surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials increases sensitivity dramatically compared with macro-sized material. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the working principle and fabrication process of nanowire sensor. Moreover, its applications for the detection of biomarker, virus, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery, are reviewed. Recent advances including self-powering, reusability, sensitivity in high ionic strength solvent, and long-term stability are surveyed and highlighted as well. Nanowire is expected to lead significant improvement of biomedical sensor in the near future.
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Roupcova, Petra, Karel Klouda, Paula Brandeburova, Rastislav Sipos, Jan Hives, Miroslav Gal, Tomas Mackulak, Michaela Skrizovska, and Lenka Kissikova. "Carbon family nanomaterials — new applications and technologies." Acta Chimica Slovaca 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acs-2020-0012.
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AbstractResearch on carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNMs) and their development is one of the major scientific disciplines of the last century. This is mainly because of their unique properties which can lead to improvements in industrial technology or new medical applications. Therefore, it is necessary to examine their properties such as shape, size, chemical composition, density, toxicity, etc. This article focuses on the general characteristics of nanomaterials (NMs) and their behavior when entering the environment (water and soil). In addition, it presents individual members of the graphene family including porous ecological carbon (biochar). The article mainly deals with the new potential technologies of CBNMs considering their possible toxic and genotoxic effects. This review also highlights the latest developments in the application of self-propelled micromotors for green chemistry applications. Finally, it points to the potential biomedical applications of CBNMs.
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Kim, Sung-Hyun, So-Hye Hong, Jin Hee Lee, Dong Han Lee, Kikyung Jung, Jun-Young Yang, Hyo-Sook Shin, JeongPyo Lee, Jayoung Jeong, and Jae-Ho Oh. "Skin Sensitization Evaluation of Carbon-Based Graphene Nanoplatelets." Toxics 9, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030062.
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Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are one of the major types of carbon based nanomaterials that have different industrial and biomedical applications. There is a risk of exposure to GNP material in individuals involved in their large-scale production and in individuals who use products containing GNPs. Determining the exact toxicity of GNP nanomaterials is a very important agenda. This research aimed to evaluate the skin sensitization potentials induced by GNPs using two types of alternative to animal testing. We analyzed the physicochemical characteristics of the test material by selecting a graphene nanomaterial with a nano-size on one side. Thereafter, we evaluated the skin sensitization effect using an in vitro and an in vivo alternative test method, respectively. As a result, we found that GNPs do not induce skin sensitization. In addition, it was observed that the administration of GNPs did not induce cytotoxicity and skin toxicity. This is the first report of skin sensitization as a result of GNPs obtained using alternative test methods. These results suggest that GNP materials do not cause skin sensitization, and these assays may be useful in evaluating the skin sensitization of some nanomaterials.
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Mousavi, Seyyed Mojtaba, Khadije Yousefi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Marzie Afsa, Sonia BahranI, Ahmad Gholami, Yasmin Ghahramani, Ali Alizadeh, and Wei-Hung Chiang. "Renewable Carbon Nanomaterials: Novel Resources for Dental Tissue Engineering." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 2800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112800.
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Dental tissue engineering (TE) is undergoing significant modifications in dental treatments. TE is based on a triad of stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds that must be understood and calibrated with particular attention to specific dental sectors. Renewable and eco-friendly carbon-based nanomaterials (CBMs), including graphene (G), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), graphene quantum dots (GQD), carbon nanotube (CNT), MXenes and carbide, have extraordinary physical, chemical, and biological properties. In addition to having high surface area and mechanical strength, CBMs have greatly influenced dental and biomedical applications. The current study aims to explore the application of CBMs for dental tissue engineering. CBMs are generally shown to have remarkable properties, due to various functional groups that make them ideal materials for biomedical applications, such as dental tissue engineering.
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Dahlan, Nuraina Anisa, Aung Thiha, Fatimah Ibrahim, Lazar Milić, Shalini Muniandy, Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin, Bojan Petrović, Sanja Kojić, and Goran M. Stojanović. "Role of Nanomaterials in the Fabrication of bioNEMS/MEMS for Biomedical Applications and towards Pioneering Food Waste Utilisation." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 4025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12224025.
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bioNEMS/MEMS has emerged as an innovative technology for the miniaturisation of biomedical devices with high precision and rapid processing since its first R&D breakthrough in the 1980s. To date, several organic including food waste derived nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, gold, and magnetic nanoparticles) have steered the development of high-throughput and sensitive bioNEMS/MEMS-based biosensors, actuator systems, drug delivery systems and implantable/wearable sensors with desirable biomedical properties. Turning food waste into valuable nanomaterials is potential groundbreaking research in this growing field of bioMEMS/NEMS. This review aspires to communicate recent progress in organic and inorganic nanomaterials based bioNEMS/MEMS for biomedical applications, comprehensively discussing nanomaterials criteria and their prospects as ideal tools for biomedical devices. We discuss clinical applications for diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic applications as well as the technological potential for cell manipulation (i.e., sorting, separation, and patterning technology). In addition, current in vitro and in vivo assessments of promising nanomaterials-based biomedical devices will be discussed in this review. Finally, this review also looked at the most recent state-of-the-art knowledge on Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as nanosensors, nanoantennas, nanoprocessors, and nanobattery.
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Gusev, Alexander A. "Frontiers in Nanotoxicology." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183219.
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The Special Issue of Nanomaterials “Frontiers in Nanotoxicology” highlights the modern problems of nanotoxicology and nanobiomedicine, including the toxicity of metal-based, silicon-based, carbon-based, and other types of nanoparticles, occupational safety of nanoproduction workers, comprehensive assessment on new biomedical nanomaterials, improvement of nanotoxicology methods, as well as the current state and prospects of research in the fields of theoretical, experimental, and toxicological aspects of the prospective biomedical application of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles activated by a low-frequency non-heating alternating magnetic field, biomedical applications and the toxicity of graphene nanoribbons, and fetotoxicity of nanoparticles [...]
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Omurtag Ozgen, Pinar Sinem, Sezen Atasoy, Belma Zengin Kurt, Zehra Durmus, Gulsah Yigit, and Aydan Dag. "Glycopolymer decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for dual targeted breast cancer therapy." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 15 (2020): 3123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02711d.
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Mahor, Alok, Prem Prakash Singh, Peeyush Bharadwaj, Neeraj Sharma, Surabhi Yadav, Jessica M. Rosenholm, and Kuldeep K. Bansal. "Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology." C 7, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7010019.
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After hydrogen and oxygen, carbon is the third most abundant component present in the cosmos with excellent characteristic features of binding to itself and nearly all elements. Since ancient times, carbon-based materials such as graphite, charcoal, and carbon black have been utilized for writing and drawing materials. As these materials possess excellent chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal features, they have been readily engineered into carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, and so forth. These materials are now widely explored in biomedical applications. Thus, the emergence of CNMs has opened up a gateway for the detection, delivery, and treatment of a multitude of diseases. They are being actively researched for applications within tissue engineering, as vaccine vectors, and for the delivery of therapeutics to the immune system. This review focuses on the recent advances in various types of CNMs, their fabrication techniques, and their application in the delivery of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. The review also focuses on the toxicity concern of the CNMs and the possible remedies to tackle the toxicity issues. Concluding remarks emphasize all the CNMs discussed in the review over their possible biomedical applications, while the future perspectives section discusses the approaches to bring CNMs into the mainstream of clinical trials and their therapeutic applications.
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Janus, Łukasz, Marek Piątkowski, Julia Radwan-Pragłowska, Dariusz Bogdał, and Dalibor Matysek. "Chitosan-Based Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications: Synthesis and Characterization." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2019): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020274.
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Rapid development in medicine and pharmacy has created a need for novel biomaterials with advanced properties such as photoluminescence, biocompability and long-term stability. The following research deals with the preparation of novel types of N-doped chitosan-based carbon quantum dots. Nanomaterials were obtained with simultaneous nitrogen-doping using biocompatible amino acids according to Green Chemistry principles. For the carbon quantum dots synthesis chitosan was used as a raw material known for its biocompability. The nanomaterials obtained in the form of lyophilic colloids were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrofluorimetric methods. Their quantum yields were determined. Additionally the cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials was evaluated by XTT (2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide salt) method. Our results confirmed the formation of biocompatible quantum dots with carbon cores exhibiting luminescence in visible range. Performed studies showed that modification with lysine (11.5%) and glutamic acid (7.4%) had a high impact on quantum yield, whereas functionalization with amino acids rich in S and N atoms did not significantly increase in fluorescence properties. XTT assays as well as morphological studies on human dermal fibroblasts confirmed the lack of cytotoxicity of the prepared bionanomaterials. The study shows chitosan-based quantum dots to be promising for biomedical applications such as cell labelling, diagnostics or controlled drug delivery and release systems.
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Mitrofanova, I. V., I. V. Milto, I. V. Suhodolo, and G. Yu Vasyukov. "OPPORTUNITIES OF BIOMEDICAL USE OF CARBON NANOTUBES." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2014-1-135-144.
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Nanomaterials – materials, whouse structure elements has proportions doesn’t exceed 100 nm. In superdispersed state matter acquire new properties. In the last decade, carbon nanotubes become the most popular nanomaterials, that cause attention of representatives of various scientific field. The сarbon nanotubes offer new opportunities for biological and medical applications: imaging at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, biosensors and electrodes based on carbon nanotubes, target delivery of various substances, radiation and photothermal therapy. The most promising of carbon nanotubes in the context of biomedical applications is their ability to penetrate the various tissues of the body and carry large doses of agents, providing diagnostic and therapeutic effects. Functionalized nanotubes are biodegradable. Other current direction of using carbon nanotubes in medicine and biology is to visualize objects on the molecular, cellular and tissue level. Associated with carbon nanotubes contrasting substances improve the visualization of cells and tissues, which can detected new patterns of development of the pathological process. Due to the vagueness of the question of biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes possibility of their practical application is hampered. Before the introduction of carbon nanotubes into practical health care is necessary to provide all the possible consequences of using nanotubes. High rates of properties and development of new nanostructures based on carbon nanotubes in the near future will lead to new advances related to the application and development of new parameters that will determine their properties and effects. In these review attention is paid to the structure, physico-chemical properties of nanotubes, their functionalization, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and all aspects of using of carbon nanotubes.
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Griger, Sydney, Ian Sands, and Yupeng Chen. "Comparison between Janus-Base Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes: A Review on Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052640.
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Research interest in nanoscale biomaterials has continued to grow in the past few decades, driving the need to form families of nanomaterials grouped by similar physical or chemical properties. Nanotubes have occupied a unique space in this field, primarily due to their high versatility in a wide range of biomedical applications. Although similar in morphology, members of this nanomaterial family widely differ in synthesis methods, mechanical and physiochemical properties, and therapeutic applications. As this field continues to develop, it is important to provide insight into novel biomaterial developments and their overall impact on current technology and therapeutics. In this review, we aim to characterize and compare two members of the nanotube family: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and janus-base nanotubes (JBNts). While CNTs have been extensively studied for decades, JBNts provide a fresh perspective on many therapeutic modalities bound by the limitations of carbon-based nanomaterials. Herein, we characterize the morphology, synthesis, and applications of CNTs and JBNts to provide a comprehensive comparison between these nanomaterial technologies.
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Mubarik, Shamroza, Nawal Qureshi, Zainab Sattar, Aqeela Shaheen, Ambreen Kalsoom, Marryam Imran, and Farzana Hanif. "Synthetic Approach to Rice Waste-Derived Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications." Nanomanufacturing 1, no. 3 (November 18, 2021): 109–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing1030010.
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The utilization of biomass waste to produce valuable products has extraordinary advantages as far as both the economy and climate are concerned, which have become particularly significant lately. The large-scale manufacturing of agricultural waste, mainly rice by-products (rice husk, rice straw, and rice bran), empowers them to be the most broadly examined biomasses as they contain lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Rice waste was first used to incorporate bulk materials, while the manufacturing of versatile nanostructures from rice waste at low cost has been developed in recent years and attracts much consideration nowadays. Carbon-based nanomaterials including graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, fullerenes, and carbon nanofibers have tremendous potential in climate and energy-related applications. Various methods have been reported to synthesize high-value carbon nanomaterials, but the use of green technology for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials is most common nowadays because of the abundant availability of the starting precursor, non-toxicity, low fabrication cost, ease of modification, and eco-friendly nature; therefore, reusing low-value biomass waste for the processing of renewable materials to fabricate high-value products is remarkable. Carbon nanomaterials derived from rice waste have broad applications in various disciplines owing to their distinctive physicochemical, electrical, optical, mechanical, thermal, and enhanced biocompatibility properties. The main objective of this review and basic criteria of selecting examples and explanations is to highlight the green routes for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials—i.e., graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots—from rice biomass waste, and their extensive applications in biomedical research (bio-imaging), environmental (water remediation), and energy-related (electrodes for supercapacitors, Li-ion battery, fuel cells, and solar cells) applications. This review summarizes recent advancements, challenges, and trends for rice waste obtained from renewable resources for utilization in the fabrication of versatile carbon-based nanomaterials.
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Dash, D. "Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials: Diagnosis and Therapy of Thrombotic Disorders." Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India) 53, no. 01 (January 2017): 036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1712743.
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ABSTRACTWe have employed unique properties of carbon-based as well as metallic nanomaterials to develop diagnostic / therapeutic devices targeted against thrombotic disorders. We have designed a novel graphene-based biosensor that can detect individuals with high coronary risk. Further, we describe an innovative strategy to ablate pathological thrombus in situ employing near-infrared laser-irradiated gold nanorods (photothermal therapy).
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Zhang, Xiaolei, Gan Tian, Xia Zhang, Qing Wang, and Zhanjun Gu. "Controlled Release of Carbon Monoxide Based on Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications." Acta Chimica Sinica 77, no. 5 (2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/a18120504.
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LALWANI, GAURAV, and BALAJI SITHARAMAN. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL FULLERENE- AND METALLOFULLERENE-BASED NANOBIOMATERIALS." Nano LIFE 03, no. 03 (September 2013): 1342003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984413420038.
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Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials suitable for applications in the field of biology and medicine. Due to their unique physico-chemical properties, carbon-based nanomaterials such as fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been widely investigated as multifunctional materials for applications in tissue engineering, molecular imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery and biosensing. In this review, we focus on the multifunctional capabilities of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for diagnosis and therapy. Specifically, we review recent advances toward the development of fullerene- and metallofullerene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and X-ray imaging contrast agents, drug and gene delivery vehicles, and photodynamic therapy agents. We also discuss in vitro and in vivo toxicity, and biocompatibility issues associated with the use of fullerenes and metallofullerenes for biomedical applications.
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Cui, Lin, Xin Ren, Mengtao Sun, Haiyan Liu, and Lixin Xia. "Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 3419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11123419.
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Carbon dots (CDs) are known as the rising star of carbon-based nanomaterials and, by virtue of their unique structure and fascinating properties, they have attracted considerable interest in different fields such as biological sensing, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photocatalysis, and solar cells in recent years. Particularly, the outstanding electronic and optical properties of the CDs have attracted increasing attention in biomedical and photocatalytic applications owing to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, excellent photostability, tunable fluorescence, outstanding efficient up-converted photoluminescence behavior, and photo-induced electron transfer ability. This article reviews recent progress on the synthesis routes and optical properties of CDs as well as biomedical and photocatalytic applications. Furthermore, we discuss an outlook on future and potential development of the CDs based biosensor, biological dye, biological vehicle, and photocatalysts in this booming research field.
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Pirzada, Muqsit, and Zeynep Altintas. "Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications." Sensors 19, no. 23 (December 2, 2019): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235311.
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In recent years, an increasing number of nanomaterials have been explored for their applications in biomedical diagnostics, making their applications in healthcare biosensing a rapidly evolving field. Nanomaterials introduce versatility to the sensing platforms and may even allow mobility between different detection mechanisms. The prospect of a combination of different nanomaterials allows an exploitation of their synergistic additive and novel properties for sensor development. This paper covers more than 290 research works since 2015, elaborating the diverse roles played by various nanomaterials in the biosensing field. Hence, we provide a comprehensive review of the healthcare sensing applications of nanomaterials, covering carbon allotrope-based, inorganic, and organic nanomaterials. These sensing systems are able to detect a wide variety of clinically relevant molecules, like nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cancer antigens, pharmaceuticals and narcotic drugs, toxins, contaminants, as well as entire cells in various sensing media, ranging from buffers to more complex environments such as urine, blood or sputum. Thus, the latest advancements reviewed in this paper hold tremendous potential for the application of nanomaterials in the early screening of diseases and point-of-care testing.
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Adorinni, Simone, Maria C. Cringoli, Siglinda Perathoner, Paolo Fornasiero, and Silvia Marchesan. "Green Approaches to Carbon Nanostructure-Based Biomaterials." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062490.
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The family of carbon nanostructures comprises several members, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. Their unique electronic properties have attracted great interest for their highly innovative potential in nanomedicine. However, their hydrophobic nature often requires organic solvents for their dispersibility and processing. In this review, we describe the green approaches that have been developed to produce and functionalize carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, with a special focus on the very latest reports.
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Mitura, Katarzyna, Joanna Kornacka, Elżbieta Kopczyńska, Jacek Kalisz, Ewa Czerwińska, Maciej Affeltowicz, Witold Kaczorowski, et al. "Active Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Food Packaging." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020161.
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Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBN) are currently used in many biomedical applications. The research includes optimization of single grain size and conglomerates of pure detonated nanodiamond (DND), modified nanodiamond particles and graphene oxide (GO) in order to compare their bactericidal activity against food pathogens. Measurement of grain size and zeta potential was performed using the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method. Surface morphology was evaluated using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and confocal microscope. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed in order to confirm the crystallographic structure of detonation nanodiamond particles. Bacteriostatic tests were performed by evaluating the inhibition zone of pathogens in the presence of carbon based nanomaterials. Raman spectroscopy showed differences between the content of the diamond and graphite phases in diamond nanoparticles. Fluorescence microscopy and adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) determination methods were used to assess the bactericidal of bioactive polymers obtained by modification of food wrapping film using various carbon-based nanomaterials. The results indicate differences in the sizes of individual grains and conglomerates of carbon nanomaterials within the same carbon allotropes depending on surface modification. The bactericidal properties depend on the allotropic form of carbon and the type of surface modification. Depending on the grain size of carbon-based materials, surface modification, the content of the diamond and graphite phases, surface of carbon-based nanomaterials film formation shows more or less intense bactericidal properties and differentiated adhesion of bacterial biofilms to food films modified with carbon nanostructures.
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Turhan, Emine Ayşe, Ahmet Engin Pazarçeviren, Zafer Evis, and Ayşen Tezcaner. "Properties and applications of boron nitride nanotubes." Nanotechnology 33, no. 24 (March 30, 2022): 242001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac5839.
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Abstract Nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their controllable physical and chemical properties and their improved performance over their bulk structures during the last years. Carbon nanostructures are one of the most widely searched materials for use in different applications ranging from electronic to biomedical because of their exceptional physical and chemical properties. However, BN nanostructures surpassed the attention of the carbon-based nanostructure because of their enhanced thermal and chemical stabilities in addition to structural similarity with the carbon nanomaterials. Among these nanostructures, one dimensional-BN nanostructures are on the verge of development as new materials to fulfill some necessities for different application areas based on their excellent and unique properties including their tunable surface and bandgap, electronic, optical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability. Synthesis of high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in large quantities with novel techniques provided greater access, and increased their potential use in nanocomposites, biomedical fields, and nanodevices as well as hydrogen uptake applications. In this review, properties and applications of one-dimensional BN (1D) nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanorods in hydrogen uptake, biomedical field, and nanodevices are discussed in depth. Additionally, research on native and modified forms of BNNTs and also their composites with different materials to further improve electronic, optical, structural, mechanical, chemical, and biological properties are also reviewed. BNNTs find many applications in different areas, however, they still need to be further studied for improving the synthesis methods and finding new possible future applications.
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Muttaqien, Sjaikhurrizal El, Indra Memdi Khoris, Sabar Pambudi, and Enoch Y. Park. "Nanosphere Structures Using Various Materials: A Strategy for Signal Amplification for Virus Sensing." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010160.
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Nanomaterials have been explored in the sensing research field in the last decades. Mainly, 3D nanomaterials have played a vital role in advancing biomedical applications, and less attention was given to their application in the field of biosensors for pathogenic virus detection. The versatility and tunability of a wide range of nanomaterials contributed to the development of a rapid, portable biosensor platform. In this review, we discuss 3D nanospheres, one of the classes of nanostructured materials with a homogeneous and dense matrix wherein a guest substance is carried within the matrix or on its surface. This review is segmented based on the type of nanosphere and their elaborative application in various sensing techniques. We emphasize the concept of signal amplification strategies using different nanosphere structures constructed from a polymer, carbon, silica, and metal–organic framework (MOF) for rendering high-level sensitivity of virus detection. We also briefly elaborate on some challenges related to the further development of nanosphere-based biosensors, including the toxicity issue of the used nanomaterial and the commercialization hurdle.
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Mohd Hatta, Mohd Hayrie, Juan Matmin, Nur Fatiha Ghazalli, Mohamad Azani Abd Khadir Jalani, and Faisal Hussin. "RECENT MODIFICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 2 (February 23, 2023): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.19253.
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Recent advances in the field of biomedical have been remarkably achieved in the last few years, especially in the fabrication of nanomaterials that have various applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon-based materials with cylindrical shapes that have an average diameter of less than 2 nanometre (nm) for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) with average diameters up to 100 nm. CNTs demonstrate various outstanding and excellent mechanical, electrical, conductivity, thermal properties, high surface area, and high biocompatibility. These remarkable properties have led to the development of CNTs-based materials in the biomedical field. For the past decades, the functionalization of CNTs has been actively researched in order to increase their biocompatibility for application in antibacterial materials, dentistry, drug delivery, and biosensing. The surface functionalization enhances the capabilities, features, and properties by modifying the surface chemistry of CNTs to improve their biocompatibility. The functionalization of CNTs will enable the biomolecule loading on the surface of CNTs, and thus can be used for drug delivery for targeted cells or immobilization support. In this review, we discuss the related literatures on biomedical applications of CNTs such as antibacterial, dental materials, cancer therapy and biosensors from 2007 – 2022. We also review the antibacterial properties between SWCNTs and MWCNTs, functionalized CNTs-reinforced nanocomposite for dental applications, and the ability of CNTs to work as nanocarriers to deliver drugs directly to cancer cells. Moreover, the applications of CNTs-based biosensors in detecting biological and biomedical compounds are also discussed.
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Monaco, Antonina M., and Michele Giugliano. "Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (October 23, 2014): 1849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.196.
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The search for advanced biomimetic materials that are capable of offering a scaffold for biological tissues during regeneration or of electrically connecting artificial devices with cellular structures to restore damaged brain functions is at the forefront of interdisciplinary research in materials science. Bioactive nanoparticles for drug delivery, substrates for nerve regeneration and active guidance, as well as supramolecular architectures mimicking the extracellular environment to reduce inflammatory responses in brain implants, are within reach thanks to the advancements in nanotechnology. In particular, carbon-based nanostructured materials, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanodiamonds (NDs), have demonstrated to be highly promising materials for designing and fabricating nanoelectrodes and substrates for cell growth, by virtue of their peerless optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this review we discuss the state-of-the-art in the applications of nanomaterials in biological and biomedical fields, with a particular emphasis on neuroengineering.
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Li, Xiao, Huiquan Jiang, Ning He, Wei-En Yuan, Yun Qian, and Yuanming Ouyang. "Graphdiyne-Related Materials in Biomedical Applications and Their Potential in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering." Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022 (September 10, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9892526.
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Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new member of the family of carbon-based nanomaterials with hybridized carbon atoms of sp and sp2, including α, β, γ, and (6,6,12)-GDY, which differ in their percentage of acetylene bonds. The unique structure of GDY provides many attractive features, such as uniformly distributed pores, highly π-conjugated structure, high thermal stability, low toxicity, biodegradability, large specific surface area, tunable electrical conductivity, and remarkable thermal conductivity. Therefore, GDY is widely used in energy storage, catalysis, and energy fields, in addition to biomedical fields, such as biosensing, cancer therapy, drug delivery, radiation protection, and tissue engineering. In this review, we first discuss the synthesis of GDY with different shapes, including nanotubes, nanowires, nanowalls, and nanosheets. Second, we present the research progress in the biomedical field in recent years, along with the biodegradability and biocompatibility of GDY based on the existing literature. Subsequently, we present recent research results on the use of nanomaterials in peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR). Based on the wide application of nanomaterials in PNR and the remarkable properties of GDY, we predict the prospects and current challenges of GDY-based materials for PNR.
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Ray, Shariqsrijon Sinha, and Jayita Bandyopadhyay. "Nanotechnology-enabled biomedical engineering: Current trends, future scopes, and perspectives." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 728–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0052.
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Abstract Applications of nanotechnology in biomedical engineering are vast and span several interdisciplinary areas of nanomedicine, diagnostics, and nanotheranostics. Herein, we provide a brief perspective on nanotechnology as an enabling tool for the design of new functional materials and devices for medical applications. Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, are commonly used in optical imaging to diagnose diseases such as cancer. Varieties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and two-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures, are prospective therapeutics and may also be used in protective antiviral/antibacterial applications. Similarly, a number of nanomaterials have shown the potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional antiviral drugs. However, assessing the adverse effects and toxicities of nanoparticles in medicine and therapeutics is becoming more critical. This article discusses the latest developments of nanomaterials in diagnosis, nanotheranostics, and nanomedicines, with particular emphasis on the importance of nanomaterials in fighting against coronavirus disease. Further, we considered the safety and toxicity of nanomaterials in the context of biomedical applications. Finally, we provided our perspective on the future of nanotechnology in emerging biomedical engineering fields.
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Silva, Rafael Matias, Alexsandra Dias da Silva, Jéssica Rocha Camargo, Bruna Santos de Castro, Laís Muniz Meireles, Patrícia Soares Silva, Bruno Campos Janegitz, and Tiago Almeida Silva. "Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes for Sensing Applications." Biosensors 13, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13040453.
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Electrochemical sensors consisting of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are recurrent devices in the recent literature for applications in different fields of interest and contribute to the expanding electroanalytical chemistry field. This is due to inherent characteristics that can be better (or only) achieved with the use of SPEs, including miniaturization, cost reduction, lower sample consumption, compatibility with portable equipment, and disposability. SPEs are also quite versatile; they can be manufactured using different formulations of conductive inks and substrates, and are of varied designs. Naturally, the analytical performance of SPEs is directly affected by the quality of the material used for printing and modifying the electrodes. In this sense, the most varied carbon nanomaterials have been explored for the preparation and modification of SPEs, providing devices with an enhanced electrochemical response and greater sensitivity, in addition to functionalized surfaces that can immobilize biological agents for the manufacture of biosensors. Considering the relevance and timeliness of the topic, this review aimed to provide an overview of the current scenario of the use of carbonaceous nanomaterials in the context of making electrochemical SPE sensors, from which different approaches will be presented, exploring materials traditionally investigated in electrochemistry, such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and those more recently investigated for this (carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and biochar). Perspectives on the use and expansion of these devices are also considered.
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Jeon, Jongho. "Review of Therapeutic Applications of Radiolabeled Functional Nanomaterials." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092323.
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In the last two decades, various nanomaterials have attracted increasing attention in medical science owing to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Incorporating radionuclides into conventionally used nanomaterials can confer useful additional properties compared to the original material. Therefore, various radionuclides have been used to synthesize functional nanomaterials for biomedical applications. In particular, several α- or β-emitter-labeled organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for efficient and targeted cancer treatment. This article reviews recent progress in cancer therapy using radiolabeled nanomaterials including inorganic, polymeric, and carbon-based materials and liposomes. We first provide an overview of radiolabeling methods for preparing anticancer agents that have been investigated recently in preclinical studies. Next, we discuss the therapeutic applications and effectiveness of α- or β-emitter-incorporated nanomaterials in animal models and the emerging possibilities of these nanomaterials in cancer therapy.
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Curulli, Antonella. "Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Sensing Area: Applications and Challenges in Food Analysis." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 7, 2020): 5759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235759.
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Recently, nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, which make them of considerable interest for applications in many fields, such as biotechnology, optics, electronics, and catalysis. The development of nanomaterials has proven fundamental for the development of smart electrochemical sensors to be used in different application fields such, as biomedical, environmental, and food analysis. In fact, they showed high performances in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. In this report, we present a survey of the application of different nanomaterials and nanocomposites with tailored morphological properties as sensing platforms for food analysis. Particular attention has been devoted to the sensors developed with nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, and related nanocomposites. Finally, several examples of sensors for the detection of some analytes present in food and beverages, such as some hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid), caffeine (CAF), ascorbic acid (AA), and nitrite are reported and evidenced.
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Cheng, Chih-Hsien, and Gong-Ru Lin. "Carbon Nanomaterials Based Saturable Absorbers for Ultrafast Passive Mode-Locking of Fiber Lasers." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 3 (April 2, 2020): 441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666191114150100.
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This paper emphasizes on overviewing the developing progress of the state-of-the-art carbon nanomaterial-based saturable absorbers for passively mode-locked fiber lasers, including carbon nanotube (CNT), graphene, graphite and other carbon nanomaterials. With reviewing the performances of these proposed candidates, the characteristic parameters required for initiating and stabilizing the passive mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized for comparison and discussion. At first, the basic characteristics such as saturation intensity and self-amplitude-modulation (SAM) coefficients of the CNT material with different-wall types are discussed in detail. In comparison, the single-wall CNT possesses optical nonlinearity better than double-wall CNT, whereas the doublewall CNT exhibits wavelength tenability and the multi-wall CNT fails to initiate mode-locking. Subsequently, different graphene saturable absorbers with slightly changing their optical properties made by various fabrication technologies are introduced to take over the role of typical CNT saturable absorber. The detailed analyses on graphene saturable absorber for developing various types of passively mode-locked fiber lasers are overviewed. At last, other new-aspect graphite and carbon nanomaterials related saturable absorbers have emerged because they reveal similar optical nonlinearity with graphene but exhibit cost-effectiveness and easy-production. When changing saturable absorber from graphene to other carbon nanomaterials, the modulation depth is decreased but the saturation intensity is concurrently enlarged because of the disordered structure with increased interlayer spacing and reduced graphene content. At the current stage, selecting carbon nanomaterials with high nonlinear absorbance and low saturated intensity for large SAM coefficient is the golden rule for passively mode-locked the fiber lasers in future academic and industrial applications.
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Battigelli, Alessia, Cécilia Ménard-Moyon, and Alberto Bianco. "Carbon nanomaterials as new tools for immunotherapeutic applications." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 37 (2014): 6144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00563e.
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The possibility to exploit carbon-based nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes and graphene as immunotherapeutic agents has interesting future prospects. In particular, their applications for anticancer treatment, imaging and vaccine development, together with their immunomodulator properties are highlighted.
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Sanivada, Usha Kiran, Dina Esteves, Luisa M. Arruda, Carla A. Silva, Inês P. Moreira, and Raul Fangueiro. "Joule-Heating Effect of Thin Films with Carbon-Based Nanomaterials." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124323.
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Smart textiles have become a promising area of research for heating applications. Coatings with nanomaterials allow the introduction of different functionalities, enabling doped textiles to be used in sensing and heating applications. These coatings were made on a piece of woven cotton fabric through screen printing, with a different number of layers. To prepare the paste, nanomaterials such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were added to a polyurethane-based polymeric resin, in various concentrations. The electrical conductivity of the obtained samples was measured and the heat-dissipating capabilities assessed. The results showed that coatings have induced electrical conductivity and heating capabilities. The highest electrical conductivity of (9.39 ± 1.28 × 10−1 S/m) and (9.02 ± 6.62 × 10−2 S/m) was observed for 12% (w/v) GNPs and 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs), respectively. The sample with 5% (w/v) (CNTs + GNPs) and 12% (w/v) GNPs exhibited a Joule effect when a voltage of 12 V was applied for 5 min, and a maximum temperature of 42.7 °C and 40.4 °C were achieved, respectively. It can be concluded that higher concentrations of GNPs can be replaced by adding CNTs, still achieving nearly the same performance. These coated textiles can potentially find applications in the area of heating, sensing, and biomedical applications.
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Patil, Tejal V., Dinesh K. Patel, Sayan Deb Dutta, Keya Ganguly, Aayushi Randhawa, and Ki-Taek Lim. "Carbon Nanotubes-Based Hydrogels for Bacterial Eradiation and Wound-Healing Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 9550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209550.
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Biocompatible nanomaterials have attracted enormous interest for biomedical applications. Carbonaceous materials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been widely explored in wound healing and other applications because of their superior physicochemical and potential biomedical properties to the nanoscale level. CNTs-based hydrogels are widely used for wound-healing and antibacterial applications. CNTs-based materials exhibited improved antimicrobial, antibacterial, adhesive, antioxidants, and mechanical properties, which are beneficial for the wound-healing process. This review concisely discussed the preparation of CNTs-based hydrogels and their antibacterial and wound-healing applications. The conductive potential of CNTs and their derivatives is discussed. It has been observed that the conductivity of CNTs is profoundly affected by their structure, temperature, and functionalization. CNTs properties can be easily modified by surface functionalization. CNTs-based composite hydrogels demonstrated superior antibacterial potential to corresponding pure polymer hydrogels. The accelerated wound healing was observed with CNTs-based hydrogels.
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Ali, Zeeshan, Gang Jin, Zhili Hu, Zhifei Wang, Muhammad Ammar Khan, Jianguo Dai, and Yongjun Tang. "A Review on NanoPCR: History, Mechanism and Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 8029–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2018.16390.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is one of the most common technologies used in many laboratories to produce millions of copies of targeted nucleic acid under in vitro conditions. However, PCR faces multiple challenges including limited availability of DNA in the sample, high GC contents of the template, low efficiency, and specificity in amplification. Moreover, some DNA fragments are very difficult to amplify due to their secondary structure and high melting temperature requirement. To overcome these challenges, many approaches including the application of PCR additives in PCR mixture; change in instrument design; optimization of PCR system by using the accurate concentration of magnesium ions, primers, and cycle number; enzyme modification; and setting up the new touchdown and nested PCR strategies have been adopted. Although these approaches have enriched the output of PCR, they are not all-purpose and optimization can be case dependent. Nanometer-sized materials (nanomaterials) have offered a possible solution to these problems as these materials have exceptional physio-chemical properties as compared to macroscopic materials. Among these nanomaterials, silicon-based materials, carbon-based materials, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and some metals are well-known PCR enhancer. Hence, new PCR has been designed to utilize the unique properties of nanomaterial and is known as nanomaterial-assisted PCR or simply nanoPCR. Results of many studies have shown that the combination of these nanomaterials and biomolecules can mimic the DNA replication process successfully as present in the living organism. In this review, we have discussed the role of these different nanomaterials one by one and also discussed the mechanisms through which these nanomaterials enhance the efficiency of PCR.
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Wei, Zhiyong, Qingxin Mu, Hui Wang, Guanyou Lin, and Miqin Zhang. "Enzymatic and Cellular Degradation of Carbon-Based Biconcave Nanodisks." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071144.
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The assessment of the biodegradability of nanomaterials is of pragmatic importance for understanding the interactions between nanomaterials and biological systems and for the determination of ultimate fate of these materials as well as their potential use. We recently developed carbon-based biconcave nanodisks (CBBNs) serving as a versatile nanocarrier for enhanced accumulation in tumors and combined photothermal-chemotherapy. Here, we investigate both the enzymatic and cellular degradation of CBBNs by monitoring their cellular response with electron microscopy, near-infrared absorbance spectroscopy, and cell viability and oxidative stress assessments. Our results show that CBBNs underwent significant degradation in solutions catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or in the presence of macrophage cells. The ability of CBBNs to be degraded in biological systems provides suitability for their future biomedical applications.
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Li, Xiumei, Wanjia Xu, Yue Xin, Jiawei Yuan, Yuancheng Ji, Shengnan Chu, Junqiu Liu, and Quan Luo. "Supramolecular Polymer Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040513.
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Polymer nanocomposites, a class of innovative materials formed by polymer matrixes and nanoscaled fillers (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials, inorganic/semiconductor nanoparticles, metal/metal-oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanostructures, etc.), display enhanced mechanical, optoelectrical, magnetic, catalytic, and bio-related characteristics, thereby finding a wide range of applications in the biomedical field. In particular, the concept of supramolecular chemistry has been introduced into polymer nanocomposites, which creates myriad “smart” biomedical materials with unique physicochemical properties and dynamic tunable structures in response to diverse external stimuli. This review aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, morphological structures, biological functionalities, and reinforced performances of supramolecular polymer nanocomposites. Additionally, recent advances in biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery, bioimaging, and tissue engineering are also discussed, especially their excellent properties leveraged in the development of multifunctional intelligent biomedical materials.
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Nocito, Giuseppe, Giovanna Calabrese, Stefano Forte, Salvatore Petralia, Caterina Puglisi, Michela Campolo, Emanuela Esposito, and Sabrina Conoci. "Carbon Dots as Promising Tools for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy." Cancers 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13091991.
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Carbon Dots (CDs) are the latest members of carbon-based nanomaterials, which since their discovery have attracted notable attention due to their chemical and mechanical properties, brilliant fluorescence, high photostability, and good biocompatibility. Together with the ease and affordable preparation costs, these intrinsic features make CDs the most promising nanomaterials for multiple applications in the biological field, such as bioimaging, biotherapy, and gene/drug delivery. This review will illustrate the most recent applications of CDs in the biomedical field, focusing on their biocompatibility, fluorescence, low cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and theranostic properties to highlight above all their usefulness as a promising tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Masoudi Asil, Shima, Jyoti Ahlawat, Gileydis Guillama Barroso, and Mahesh Narayan. "Nanomaterial based drug delivery systems for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 15 (2020): 4109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm00809e.
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The recent advances in applications of nanotechnology including the use of inorganic, polymeric, magnetic and carbon nanomaterials in drug delivery for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are reported.
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Singh, Vishal, Aparajita Basu, P. M. Shivapriya, Pritish Kumar Varadwaj, Sintu Kumar Samanta, and Amaresh Kumar Sahoo. "Exploration of interactions of ‘blood-nano interface’ of carbon-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications." Journal of Materials Research 34, no. 11 (May 31, 2019): 1950–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2019.176.
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Veeman, Dhinakaran, M. Varsha Shree, P. Sureshkumar, T. Jagadeesha, L. Natrayan, M. Ravichandran, and Prabhu Paramasivam. "Sustainable Development of Carbon Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Classification for Environmental Remediation." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (September 18, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5840645.
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Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene attachments have been regarded as promising prospects. Carbon nanocomposites have gained considerable interest in different fields including biomedical applications due to its exceptional structural dimensions and outstanding mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical characteristics. The significant advances made in carbon nanocomposite over past years along with the discovery of new nanocomposite processing technologies to improvise the functional impact of nanotube and graphene composites by providing proper methods of synthesis and improving the production of diverse composite based on carbon nanomaterials are discussed. Carbon nanocomposites are applied in various fields such as aviation, batteries, chemical industry, fuel cell, optics, power generation, space, solar hydrogen, sensors, and thermoelectric devices. The recent design, fabrication, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanocomposites such as active carbon, carbon black, graphene, nanodiamonds, and carbon nanotubes are explained in detail in this research. It is found that unlike traditional fiber composites, Van der Waals force interfacial compounds have an important effect on the mechanical performance of carbon nanomaterial-based composites.