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Wdowicz, Daniel. "Biomechanika zderzeń. Podejścia, źródła informacji, eksperymenty, modelowanie." Paragraf na Drodze, no. 3/2022 (December 30, 2022): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/15053520pnd.22.014.16984.
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W artykule przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z metodami eksperymentalnymi i symulacyjnymi biomechaniki zderzeń. Podana została definicja biomechaniki zderzeń, jako szczególnej dziedziny na pograniczu nauk inżynierskich i medycznych. Przedstawiono koncepcyjny schemat działań związanych z prowadzeniem naukowych badań biomechanicznych. Omówione zostały pokrótce źródła wiedzy biomechanicznej, takie jak testy na zwierzętach, ochotnikach, zwłokach, manekinach oraz symulacje numeryczne. Dla każdego ze źródeł wiedzy wymieniono jego zalety oraz ograniczenia. Odnotowano, że chociaż badacze napotykają wiele wyzwań związanych z prowadzeniem eksperymentów i symulacji biomechanicznych, to istnieje duży potencjał w wykorzystaniu osiągnięć biomechaniki nie tylko w przemyśle, lecz także w rekonstrukcji wypadków. Impact biomechanics. Approaches, information sources, experiments and modeling The aim of the article was to present an overview of experimental methods in impact biomechanics. The definition of impact biomechanics as a special branch combining engineering and medical sciences is provided, together with a conceptual scheme of biomechanics research in the pipeline. Various sources of biomechanical data are briefly described, such as animal testing, volunteer testing, cadaver and anthropomorphic test devices (dummy) testing and numerical simulations. Advantages and drawbacks of each of these information sources are discussed. Many challenges related to conducting biomechanical experiments and simulations are indicated. However, there is a great potential for utilizing the accomplishments of impact biomechanics not only in industrial applications, but also in the practice of road accident reconstruction.
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Waters, Amy, Elissa Phillips, Derek Panchuk, and Andrew Dawson. "The coach–scientist relationship in high-performance sport: Biomechanics and sprint coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 5 (June 25, 2019): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119859100.
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It is common for sport science practitioners, including sport biomechanists, to interact with high-performance coaches in the daily training environment. These relationships are beneficial for both scientist and coach, as well as the athletes. However, as indicated by difficulties in transferring new research into coaching practice, these relationships are not functioning as well as they could. The aim of this paper is to examine the various factors that influence the coach–biomechanist relationship in the elite sprinting context and gain an understanding of what impedes and enhances this, which will ultimately maximise an athlete's performance. Sprint coaches ( n = 56) and applied sport biomechanists ( n = 12) were surveyed to determine the participants' experiences working with each other and use of biomechanics in the training environment. Semi-structured interviews with coaches ( n = 8) and biomechanists ( n = 8) were conducted to further explore these ideas. From the biomechanists perspective, the relationship appeared to be less effective than from the coaches' perspective and both groups identified areas for improvement. The coaches had an inconsistent understanding of biomechanics theory and the support a biomechanist could provide in the training environment, while it was acknowledged that biomechanists needed to improve their communication skills. Coach and practitioner education were identified as where these improvements could be facilitated. There are many aspects of the coach–biomechanist relationship that could contribute to establishing optimal practice in the high-performance environment and enhance the transfer of knowledge from scientist to coach. This paper proposes a number of directions that could be taken.
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Ortiz-Padilla, Vanessa E., Mauricio A. Ramírez-Moreno, Gerardo Presbítero-Espinosa, Ricardo A. Ramírez-Mendoza, and Jorge de J. Lozoya-Santos. "Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12083981.
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This work presents a survey literature review on biomechanics, specifically aimed at the study of existent biomechanical tools through video analysis, in order to identify opportunities for researchers in the field, and discuss future proposals and perspectives. Scientific literature (journal papers and conference proceedings) in the field of video-based biomechanics published after 2010 were selected and discussed. The most common application of the study of biomechanics using this technique is sports, where the most reported applications are american football, soccer, basketball, baseball, jumping, among others. These techniques have also been studied in a less proportion, in ergonomy, and injury prevention. From the revised literature, it is clear that biomechanics studies mainly focus on the analysis of angles, speed or acceleration, however, not many studies explore the dynamical forces in the joints. The development of video-based biomechanic tools for force analysis could provide methods for assessment and prediction of biomechanical force associated risks such as injuries and fractures. Therefore, it is convenient to start exploring this field. A few case studies are reported, where force estimation is performed via manual tracking in different scenarios. This demonstration is carried out using conventional manual tracking, however, the inclusion of similar methods in an automated manner could help in the development of intelligent healthcare, force prediction tools for athletes and/or elderly population. Future trends and challenges in this field are also discussed, where data availability and artificial intelligence models will be key to proposing new and more reliable methods for biomechanical analysis.
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Liu, Jun Qian. "Study on Knee Movement Mechanical Simulation in Basketball Shooting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 1351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1351.
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Application of sports biomechanics, sports biomechanics analyses of technical action shots, biomechanical characteristics obtained the basketball shooting skill and summarize the influencing factors of sports biomechanics shooting rate, especially for the shot before the body, lower limbs of each part of the action process were studied.
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Higham, Timothy E., Sean M. Rogers, R. Brian Langerhans, Heather A. Jamniczky, George V. Lauder, William J. Stewart, Christopher H. Martin, and David N. Reznick. "Speciation through the lens of biomechanics: locomotion, prey capture and reproductive isolation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1838 (September 14, 2016): 20161294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1294.
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Speciation is a multifaceted process that involves numerous aspects of the biological sciences and occurs for multiple reasons. Ecology plays a major role, including both abiotic and biotic factors. Whether populations experience similar or divergent ecological environments, they often adapt to local conditions through divergence in biomechanical traits. We investigate the role of biomechanics in speciation using fish predator–prey interactions, a primary driver of fitness for both predators and prey. We highlight specific groups of fishes, or specific species, that have been particularly valuable for understanding these dynamic interactions and offer the best opportunities for future studies that link genetic architecture to biomechanics and reproductive isolation (RI). In addition to emphasizing the key biomechanical techniques that will be instrumental, we also propose that the movement towards linking biomechanics and speciation will include (i) establishing the genetic basis of biomechanical traits, (ii) testing whether similar and divergent selection lead to biomechanical divergence, and (iii) testing whether/how biomechanical traits affect RI. Future investigations that examine speciation through the lens of biomechanics will propel our understanding of this key process.
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Fan, Yubo, Bo Wang, Kaihua Xiu, Xiang Dong, and Ming Zhang. "Biomechanical Animal Experimental Research on Osseointegration(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.175.
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Rajkumar, R. Vinodh. "Biomechanics Specialization in Aging Science and Research: Biomechanical Gerontology or Geronto-Biomechanics?" International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 7, no. 3 (August 26, 2022): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20220727.
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Aging process becomes a miserable phase of lifespan of various individuals. Gerontology and Geriatrics exclusively deal with researching complex human ailments pertinent to old age in order to overcome the challenges posed by several irreversible physiological changes occurring with aging. Inevitably, homeostasis declines and massive allostasis gets organized during aging to destroy the functional independence and survival potential. Controlling the rate of aging process is the only possible self-regulating strategy available to each individual to enjoy Morbidity-Attenuated Life Years (MALYs) but maintaining an optimal fitness competence to travel along the healthy aging trajectory is not effortlessly feasible regardless of the socioeconomic conditions. Fitness evaluations on different age groups enhances the understanding that the aging process might be a premature event among several individuals at an early age itself due to multifactorial reasons, and the biomechanical constraints displayed by such individuals expose the probable wide spectrum of postural and movement dysfunctions or disabilities of unhealthy older adults. Many such health-ruining erroneous postures and movements remain asymptomatic perilously, which when addressed during appropriate stage in life, could repair the impaired physical efficiency to sustain the abilities to counteract the effects of gravitational force on the body. The importance of early detection and rectification of such peculiar biomechanical dysfunctions should become an integral part of public health prophylaxis. The repertoire of biomechanical dysfunctions of premature unhealthy aging needs to be strongly merged with gerontology to strengthen the pursuits to retard unsuccessful aging and accomplish successful aging. Keywords: Biogerontology, Biomechanics, Ageing Trajectory, Compression of Morbidity, Polypharmacy, Comorbidities, Successful Aging, Unsuccessful Aging.
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Zhang, Bo. "Research on Biomechanical Simulation and Simulation of Badminton Splitting and Hanging Action Based on Edge Computing." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (April 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527879.
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Sports biomechanics refers to the science of the laws of mechanical motion produced in the process of biological movement. Its essence is to systematically and digitally reconstruct the fundamental attributes and characteristics of motion. At present, the research of sports biomechanics mainly focuses on the theoretical research of basic aspects and lacks the new technology of sports biomechanics digital simulation innovation and data measurement. This article takes the badminton chopping action as the research object and carries out biomechanical simulation and simulation research with the help of edge computing and genetic algorithm. First of all, this paper constructs a badminton chopping and hanging action system framework based on edge computing, so as to facilitate simulation and improve data transmission efficiency. Secondly, genetic algorithm is used in biomechanics simulation and simulation optimization and data analysis process. System testing and simulation verify the excellent performance of the biomechanical simulation of badminton chopping and hanging action established in this paper. The research will provide a reference for the academic circles to explore the field of sports biomechanics.
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Hou, Qiling. "Biomechanics of the Ankle: Exploring Structure, Function, and Injury Mechanisms." Studies in Sports Science and Physical Education 1, no. 2 (September 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/ssspe.2023.09.01.
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This paper provides an overview of the biomechanical considerations related to ankle injury prediction, prevention, and rehabilitation. Firstly, we discuss the biomechanical factors that contribute to ankle fractures, including loading patterns and bone density. We then explore various biomechanical assessment techniques, such as motion analysis, force measurements, and imaging modalities, which can be used to predict injury risk, guide treatment decisions, and monitor rehabilitation progress. Additionally, we examine biomechanical interventions, including bracing, taping, muscle strengthening, and proprioceptive training, which have proven effective in improving ankle stability and preventing injuries. Furthermore, we highlight the emerging technologies of wearable sensors and computational modeling, which offer new avenues for assessing ankle biomechanics and personalizing interventions. Ultimately, this paper emphasizes the integration of biomechanics with personalized medicine as a promising approach for optimizing ankle injury prevention and rehabilitation outcomes. However, further research is needed to address unanswered questions and explore future directions in ankle biomechanics.
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Zhang, Nannan. "Application of biomechanics in sports rehabilitation." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 21 (August 6, 2024): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.62617/mcb.v21.178.
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The application of biomechanical methods and techniques in rehabilitation treatment has been explored to deepen understanding of the health recovery of injured athletes, thereby improving their efficacy and quality. There are various methods for using biomechanics, which can help people understand the patient’s movement characteristics and mechanical changes, evaluate the patient’s recovery progress, and optimize the plan. Therefore, this article mainly conducted research and analysis on the application of biomechanics in sports rehabilitation, and explained the specific role of biomechanics in it by comparing before and after sports rehabilitation in different situations. The results showed that after treatment with biomechanical methods, the patient’s muscle strength increased by 9.4%–20.93% compared to the original, and the power value increased by 0.8–4.56 watts. The effect was good for achieving 71.28% muscle activity, and there was also a significant improvement in its sports mechanics indicators. After receiving biomechanical treatment, the quality of motor skills in patients was over 60%, which showed significant improvement compared to before treatment. Therefore, when conducting sports rehabilitation, biomechanical treatment plans should be used to achieve better therapeutic effects.
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Yokobori, Takeo. "What are Biomechanics and Biomechanical Behaviour?" Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 4, no. 2 (1994): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-1994-4202.
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Syaukani, Agam Akhmad, Vera Septi Sistiasih, Pungki Indarto, and Nur Subekti. "The biomechanics form and its application to assess student’s physical skills." Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences 18, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v18i1.7900.
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One of the intended learning outcomes of Physical Education (PE) is for students to develop physical skills. Biomechanics can be used as a discipline to measure the level of physical skill. This study aimed to develop an assessment form to measure the level of physical skill. The movement principle of biomechanics was incorporated into an observation checklist form. The form is meant to help Physical Education Teachers (PET) qualitatively analyze students' physical skills using biomechanics. This study aligns with research and development model which conducted in three phases: need-analysis, development, and model efficiency test. The form was built with two main components: physical skill and biomechanical principles. Physical skill is related to standard movement patterns for a given sporting skill. The biomechanical principle lays the foundation for all movements. This research uses a qualitative approach. A total of 120 PET from 120 secondary schools were involved as subjects in this study. Interviews, observation, and questionnaire were used to collect the data. This research yielded the following result, first, there are problems with integrating biomechanics into an assessment of physical skill. Second, a biomechanics form is developed in the checklist-style observation form to help PET evaluate their students’ learning outcomes. Third, biomechanics form was practical to be used as a learning assessment tool because it met the criteria of validity, practicality, and effectiveness. Keywords: biomechanics assessment; observation checklist; physical education, physical skills
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Pniakowska, Zofia, Piotr Jurowski, and Joanna Wierzbowska. "Corneal biomechanical changes after myopic and hyperopic laser vision correction." OphthaTherapy. Therapies in Ophthalmology 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.ot.250323.7.
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Laser vision correction became a popular method of refractive error treatment. The laser vision correction techniques influence the corneal biomechanical properties including corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor. The ocular response analyzer and Corvis ST devices are used in clinical practice to measure the corneal biomechanics. Reasonable laser treatment planning, taking into account the impact on corneal biomechanics, may potentially improve the safety of the refractive procedures. Thicker caps in refractive lenticule extraction and thinner flaps in flap-related procedures promote better corneal biomechanics preservation. The myopic refractive treatment appears to have a greater effect on corneal biomechanics weakening than hyperopic correction.
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Liu, Ying. "Review on the Biomechanics in the Technical Actions of Fast-Pitch Softball." Journal of Medicine and Physical Education 1, no. 1 (January 2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jmpe.202418103.
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Biomechanics is the study of the principles and laws of human movement. It plays a pivotal role in the advancement of fast-pitch softball. This article adopts bibliometric methods to analyze and research the biomechanics of fast-pitch softball technical actions from various angles. The paper specifically reviews the current state of biomechanical development, the biomechanical status of fast-pitch softball technical actions, and the relevant biomechanical principles of pitching and batting techniques in fast-pitch softball. The goal is to enhance the understanding and recognition of biomechanical research in fast-pitch softball and to serve as a reference for future biomechanical studies in this sport.
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Pniakowska, Zofia, Piotr Jurowski, and Joanna Wierzbowska. "The role of corneal biomechanical properties assessment in laser vision correction – the introduction." OphthaTherapy. Therapies in Ophthalmology 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24292/01.ot.300922.2.
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The role of corneal biomechanical properties in patients referred to laser vision correction (LVC) is currently being raised. Understanding of corneal biomechanics may support the proper selection of refractive surgery candidates, improve the refractive outcomes and safety of refractive procedures. The Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST are commonly used devices to assess corneal biomechanical parameters in LVC. The vertical corneal incisions have a greater impact on corneal biomechanics weakening than horizontal incisions. Maintaining the high biomechanical strength of the cornea following LVC can decrease the potential risk of postoperative ectasia.
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Lin, Fang-Yang, Ren-Wen Ho, Hun-Ju Yu, I.-Hui Yang, Po-Chiung Fang, and Ming-Tse Kuo. "Impacts and Correlations on Corneal Biomechanics, Corneal Optical Density and Intraocular Pressure after Cataract Surgery." Diagnostics 14, no. 14 (July 18, 2024): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141557.
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The study aimed to investigate the extended effects and interrelations of corneal biomechanics, corneal optical density (COD), corneal thickness (CT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) following cataract surgery. Sixteen eyes were analyzed prospectively. The Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST) device assessed corneal biomechanics, while the Pentacam AxL® (Pentacam) measured COD and CT. Postoperative data were collected around six months after surgery, with a subgroup analysis of data at nine months. The Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between surgical-induced changes in corneal biomechanics and COD. At six months, significant postoperative differences were observed in various biomechanical indices, including uncorrected IOP (IOPuct) and biomechanics-corrected IOP (bIOP). However, many indices lost statistical significance by the nine-month mark, suggesting the reversibility of postoperative corneal changes. Postoperative COD increased at the anterior layer of the 2−6 mm annulus and incision site. The changes in COD correlated with certain biomechanical indices, including maximal (Max) deformative amplitude (DA) and stiffness parameter (SP). In conclusion, despite significant immediate postoperative changes, corneal biomechanics, COD, and IOP experienced a gradual recovery process following cataract surgery. Clinicians should maintain vigilance for any unusual changes during the short-term observation period to detect abnormalities early.
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Gregor, Robert J. "Dr. Richard C. Nelson—Mentor and Visionary: Lessons Learned, Memories Forever." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 37, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0294.
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Richard C. Nelson started the Biomechanics Laboratory, one of the first of its kind in the world, on the campus of the Pennsylvania State University in 1967. His vision focused on connecting the physiological and mechanical elements of human performance analysis, specifically sport performance. The lab’s engaging, interdisciplinary environment supported self-designed programs of study, benefiting each individual student. Furthermore, the Biomechanics Lab became the nexus for the development of biomechanics as a field of study internationally. Richard Nelson’s diplomatic skills spread the word initially through the formation of the International Society of Biomechanics. This international effort resulted in the development of national societies of biomechanics around the world, for example, the American Society of Biomechanics. Second, these efforts stimulated the concept of sport performance analysis on the international stage. Richard Nelson’s passion was to analyze individual performances at the Olympic Games. This goal was finally realized, with the development of the Subcommission within the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission and biomechanical analysis projects completed at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. Richard Nelson’s vision, mentoring style, and dedication planted and nurtured the seed of biomechanics as a discipline of study around the world.
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IVANCEVIC, TIJANA T. "JET-RICCI GEOMETRY OF TIME-DEPENDENT HUMAN BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 01 (March 2010): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451000088x.
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We propose the time-dependent generalization of an "ordinary" autonomous human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in terms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration manifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci flow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total biomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely related to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.
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Fice, Jason B., Gunter P. Siegmund, and Jean-Sébastien Blouin. "Neck muscle biomechanics and neural control." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00512.2017.
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The mechanics, morphometry, and geometry of our joints, segments, and muscles are fundamental biomechanical properties intrinsic to human neural control. The goal of our study was to investigate whether the biomechanical actions of individual neck muscles predict their neural control. Specifically, we compared the moment direction and variability produced by electrical stimulation of a neck muscle (biomechanics) to the preferred activation direction and variability (neural control). Subjects sat upright with their head fixed to a six-axis load cell and their torso restrained. Indwelling wire electrodes were placed into the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), splenius capitis (SPL), and semispinalis capitis (SSC) muscles. The electrically stimulated direction was defined as the moment direction produced when a current (2–19 mA) was passed through each muscle’s electrodes. Preferred activation direction was defined as the vector sum of the spatial tuning curve built from root mean squared electromyogram when subjects produced isometric moments at 7.5% and 15% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in 26 three-dimensional directions. The spatial tuning curves at 15% MVC were well defined (unimodal, P < 0.05), and their preferred directions were 23°, 39°, and 21° different from their electrically stimulated directions for the SCM, SPL, and SSC, respectively ( P < 0.05). Intrasubject variability was smaller in electrically stimulated moment directions compared with voluntary preferred directions, and intrasubject variability decreased with increased activation levels. Our findings show that the neural control of neck muscles is not based solely on optimizing individual muscle biomechanics but, as activation increases, biomechanical constraints in part dictate the activation of synergistic neck muscles. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Biomechanics are an intrinsic part of human neural control. In this study, we found that the biomechanics of individual neck muscles cannot fully predict their neural control. Consequently, physiologically based computational neck muscle controllers cannot calculate muscle activation schemes based on the isolated biomechanics of muscles. Furthermore, by measuring biomechanics we showed that the intrasubject variability of the neural control was lower for electrical vs. voluntary activation of the neck muscles.
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Roberts, Cynthia J., and William J. Dupps. "Biomechanics of corneal ectasia and biomechanical treatments." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 40, no. 6 (June 2014): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2014.04.013.
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Pniakowska, Zofia, Piotr Jurowski, and Joanna Wierzbowska. "Clinical Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics following Laser Refractive Surgery in Myopic Eyes: A Review of the Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010243.
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The role of corneal biomechanics in laser vision correction (LVC) is currently being raised in the assessment of postoperative corneal ectasia risk. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the changes in corneal biomechanics after LVC procedures based on a systematic review of current studies. The results of a search of the literature in the PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were selected for final consideration according to the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram. Included in our review were 17 prospective clinical studies, with at least 6 months of follow-up time. Corneal biomechanical properties were assessed by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), or Corvis ST. The results of the study revealed the highest corneal biomechanics reduction after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) followed by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and surface procedures, such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser-assisted sub-epithelial keratectomy (LASEK). In SMILE procedure treatment planning, the use of thicker caps preserves the corneal biomechanics. Similarly, reduction of flap thickness in LASIK surgery maintains the corneal biomechanical strength. Future prospective clinical trials with standardization of the study groups and surgical parameters are needed to confirm the results of the current review.
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Luiz Vancini, Rodrigo, Marília Santos Andrade, Claudio Andre Barbosa De Lira, and Thais Russomano. "Recent Advances in Biomechanics Research: Implications for Sports Performance and Injury Prevention." Health Nexus 1, no. 3 (2023): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.hn.1.3.2.
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This narrative review provides a comprehensive examination of the latest advancements in biomechanics and their implications for sports performance enhancement and injury prevention. Utilizing systematic literature search methodologies, the review draws on peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and comprehensive review papers published between 2019 and 2023, sourced from databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. This article synthesizes findings from these sources to outline critical developments in the field of sports biomechanics. The review focuses on several key areas: technological innovations in biomechanics, biomechanical analysis of sports movements, injury prevention strategies, and the integration of biomechanical research into practical athletic training. Additionally, the review highlights the current challenges and limitations within the field and proposes future directions for research and application. By categorizing and analyzing recent literature into thematic areas, this review offers a detailed and structured overview of the state-of-the-art in sports biomechanics, emphasizing its significant impact on optimizing sports performance and reducing injury risks. The findings and discussions presented in this review are intended to inform researchers, practitioners, and athletes, contributing to the enhancement of sports science practices and athlete safety.
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Liu, Yan, Wengang Hu, Ali Kasal, and Yusuf Ziya Erdil. "The State of the Art of Biomechanics Applied in Ergonomic Furniture Design." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (November 7, 2023): 12120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212120.
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Furniture as a functional object must satisfy both artistic and scientific requirements. In particular, ergonomic factors are very important in furniture design in terms of human health and productivity. To make furniture designs at the ideal intersection of science and art, it is necessary to approach furniture design with a scientific systematic. Accordingly, this paper summarizes and analyzes the current state of biomechanics in ergonomic furniture design, covering an overview of the biomechanics utilized in different types of furniture design, biomechanical analysis, and testing methods. In the conclusion of the study, the literature analysis identifies the key topics and areas of future exploration regarding the use of biomechanics in ergonomic furniture design. The findings of the review indicate that (1) the primary studies on biomechanics used in furniture design concentrate on special furniture, such as wheelchairs and transportation vehicle seats, with minimal investigation performed on common furniture; (2) mechanical analysis, experimental testing, and computer-aided ergonomics represent the main techniques applied in furniture design biomechanics; (3) the reliability of biomechanics used in furniture design needs to be improved due to the lack of fundamental parameters of the muscles and skeleton of the human body; and (4) more attention should be paid to the use of biomechanics in the design of common furniture, such as household and office furniture, which affects people’s health and comfort. The scientific and rational application of biomechanics should be integrated into ergonomic furniture design to promote healthy living and enhance work efficiency.
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Seeley, Matthew K., Seong Jun Son, Hyunsoo Kim, and J. Ty Hopkins. "Biomechanics Differ for Individuals With Similar Self-Reported Characteristics of Patellofemoral Pain During a High-Demand Multiplanar Movement Task." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 860–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0220.
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Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is often categorized by researchers and clinicians using subjective self-reported PFP characteristics; however, this practice might mask important differences in movement biomechanics between PFP patients. Objective: To determine whether biomechanical differences exist during a high-demand multiplanar movement task for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics but different quadriceps activation levels. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Biomechanics laboratory. Participants: A total of 15 quadriceps deficient and 15 quadriceps functional (QF) PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics. Intervention: In total, 5 trials of a high-demand multiplanar land, cut, and jump movement task were performed. Main Outcome Measures: Biomechanics were compared at each percentile of the ground contact phase of the movement task (α = .05) between the quadriceps deficient and QF groups. Biomechanical variables included (1) whole-body center of mass, trunk, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics; (2) hip, knee, and ankle kinetics; and (3) ground reaction forces. Results: The QF patients exhibited increased ground reaction force, joint torque, and movement, relative to the quadriceps deficient patients. The QF patients exhibited: (1) up to 90, 60, and 35 N more vertical, posterior, and medial ground reaction force at various times of the ground contact phase; (2) up to 4° more knee flexion during ground contact and up to 4° more plantarflexion and hip extension during the latter parts of ground contact; and (3) up to 26, 21, and 48 N·m more plantarflexion, knee extension, and hip extension torque, respectively, at various times of ground contact. Conclusions: PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics exhibit different movement biomechanics, and these differences depend upon quadriceps activation levels. These differences are important because movement biomechanics affect injury risk and athletic performance. In addition, these biomechanical differences indicate that different therapeutic interventions may be needed for PFP patients with similar self-reported PFP characteristics.
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Leong, Chee-Hoi. "Using Biomechanics to Optimize Mobility." ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal 27, no. 5 (September 2023): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/fit.0000000000000900.
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Apply It! This article explores the use of biomechanics to optimize mobility and includes case studies demonstrating the approaches to performing biomechanical analyses. By reading this article, exercise professionals will receive the following takeaways: • Biomechanics involves the application of mechanics to investigate the structure and function of biological systems, including the human body, by describing the body's motion and explaining the causes of motion. • Mobility is fundamental to having the capacity to maintain functional independence while performing activities of daily living leading to an increased quality of life. • Learn how to perform biomechanical (quantitative and qualitative) analysis by following a sequence of steps beginning with the need for the exercise professional to possess a prerequisite knowledge of mechanics and anatomy to enable the client/patient to consolidate, automate, and retain a skill or movement pattern once it has been determined to be within an acceptable range.
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Zhao, Yunmei, Saeed Siri, Bin Feng, and David M. Pierce. "The Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of the Colon and Rectum II: Theoretical and Computational Methods." Bioengineering 7, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7040152.
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Abnormal colorectal biomechanics and mechanotransduction associate with an array of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticula disease, anorectal disorders, ileus, and chronic constipation. Visceral pain, principally evoked from mechanical distension, has a unique biomechanical component that plays a critical role in mechanotransduction, the process of encoding mechanical stimuli to the colorectum by sensory afferents. To fully understand the underlying mechanisms of visceral mechanical neural encoding demands focused attention on the macro- and micro-mechanics of colon tissue. Motivated by biomechanical experiments on the colon and rectum, increasing efforts focus on developing constitutive frameworks to interpret and predict the anisotropic and nonlinear biomechanical behaviors of the multilayered colorectum. We will review the current literature on computational modeling of the colon and rectum as well as the mechanical neural encoding by stretch sensitive afferent endings, and then highlight our recent advances in these areas. Current models provide insight into organ- and tissue-level biomechanics as well as the stretch-sensitive afferent endings of colorectal tissues yet an important challenge in modeling theory remains. The research community has not connected the biomechanical models to those of mechanosensitive nerve endings to create a cohesive multiscale framework for predicting mechanotransduction from organ-level biomechanics.
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Kroemer, Karl H. E. "Standardization in Anthropometry and Biomechanics." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30, no. 14 (September 1986): 1405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128603001414.
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Describing body size (anthropometry) and physical properties of the body (biomechanics) are areas of interest both in research and in application. The human factors engineer needs anthropometric and biomechanical information primarily for designing the operator/equipment interface. Available information is piecemeal, incomplete, and often not compatible since researched and provided in various scientific disciplines. However, even the researcher is hindered by the “scatter” of data, measuring techniques, and research objectives. Hence, an effort to standardize in the areas of anthropometry and biomechanics would, if done properly, help both scientists and engineers.
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Lee, Sang-Hie. "Hand biomechanics in skilled pianists playing a scale in thirds." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2010.4034.
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Pianists, who attend to the integral relationship of their particular musculoskeletal characteristics to the piano technique at hand, discover an efficient path to technical advancement and, consequently, to injury prevention. Thus, a study of pianist's hand biomechanics in relation to different piano techniques is highly relevant, as hand features may influence various techniques in different ways. This study addressed relationships between pianists' hand biomechanics and the performance of a scale in thirds, as a part of an ongoing series of studies examining relationships between hand biomechanics and performance data of primary techniques. The biomechanics of hand length and width, finger length, hand span, hand and arm weights, and ulnar deviation at the wrist were compared with tempo, articulation, and dynamic voicing (tone balance between two notes of the thirds). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive association between ulnar deviation and tempo; the other biomechanical features showed no relationships with any of the performance criteria. Qualitative cross-sectional observation of individual profiles showed that experienced pianists perform with a higher degree of synchrony in two-note descent while pianists with organ training background play with a lesser degree of synchrony. All biomechanical features were closely related among one another with one exception: wrist ulnar deviation was not associated with any other biomechanical features; rather, data suggest possible negative associations. This study underscores the importance of wrist mobility in piano skills development. Further research using a complete set of prototype piano techniques and multiple-level pianist-subjects could provide substantive biomechanical information that may be used to develop efficient pedagogy and prevention strategies for playing-related injuries as well as rehabilitation.
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Montgomery, Melissa M., Amanda J. Tritsch, John R. Cone, Randy J. Schmitz, Robert A. Henson, and Sandra J. Shultz. "The Influence of Lower Extremity Lean Mass on Landing Biomechanics During Prolonged Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 52, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.03.
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Context: The extent to which lower extremity lean mass (LELM) relative to total body mass influences one's ability to maintain safe landing biomechanics during prolonged exercise when injury incidence increases is unknown. Objectives: To examine the influence of LELM on (1) pre-exercise lower extremity biomechanics and (2) changes in biomechanics during an intermittent exercise protocol (IEP) and (3) determine whether these relationships differ by sex. We hypothesized that less LELM would predict higher-risk baseline biomechanics and greater changes toward higher-risk biomechanics during the IEP. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Controlled laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 59 athletes (30 men: age = 20.3 ± 2.0 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.05 m, mass = 75.2 ± 7.2 kg; 29 women: age = 20.6 ± 2.3 years, height = 1.67 ± 0.08 m, mass = 61.8 ± 9.0 kg) participated. Intervention(s): Before completing an individualized 90-minute IEP designed to mimic a soccer match, participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry testing for LELM. Main Outcome Measure(s): Three-dimensional lower extremity biomechanics were measured during drop-jump landings before the IEP and every 15 minutes thereafter. A previously reported principal components analysis reduced 40 biomechanical variables to 11 factors. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis then determined the extent to which sex and LELM predicted the baseline score and the change in each factor over time. Results: Lower extremity lean mass did not influence baseline biomechanics or the changes over time. Sex influenced the biomechanical factor representing knee loading at baseline (P = .04) and the changes in the anterior cruciate ligament–loading factor over time (P = .03). The LELM had an additional influence only on women who possessed less LELM (P = .03 and .02, respectively). Conclusions: Lower extremity lean mass influenced knee loading during landing in women but not in men. The effect appeared to be stronger in women with less LELM. Continually decreasing knee loading over time may reflect a strategy chosen to avoid injury. A minimal threshold of LELM may be needed to safely perform landing maneuvers, especially during prolonged exercise when the injury risk increases.
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Garlapati, Revanth Reddy, Aditi Roy, Grand Roman Joldes, Adam Wittek, Ahmed Mostayed, Barry Doyle, Simon Keith Warfield, et al. "More accurate neuronavigation data provided by biomechanical modeling instead of rigid registration." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 6 (June 2014): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.12.jns131165.
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It is possible to improve neuronavigation during image-guided surgery by warping the high-quality preoperative brain images so that they correspond with the current intraoperative configuration of the brain. In this paper, the accuracy of registration results obtained using comprehensive biomechanical models is compared with the accuracy of rigid registration, the technology currently available to patients. This comparison allows investigation into whether biomechanical modeling provides good-quality image data for neuronavigation for a larger proportion of patients than rigid registration. Preoperative images for 33 neurosurgery cases were warped onto their respective intraoperative configurations using both the biomechanics-based method and rigid registration. The Hausdorff distance–based evaluation process, which measures the difference between images, was used to quantify the performance of both registration methods. A statistical test for difference in proportions was conducted to evaluate the null hypothesis that the proportion of patients for whom improved neuronavigation can be achieved is the same for rigid and biomechanics-based registration. The null hypothesis was confidently rejected (p < 10−4). Even the modified hypothesis that fewer than 25% of patients would benefit from the use of biomechanics-based registration was rejected at a significance level of 5% (p = 0.02). The biomechanics-based method proved particularly effective in cases demonstrating large craniotomy-induced brain deformations. The outcome of this analysis suggests that nonlinear biomechanics-based methods are beneficial to a large proportion of patients and can be considered for use in the operating theater as a possible means of improving neuronavigation and surgical outcomes.
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Chen, Junning, Rohana Ahmad, Wei Li, Michael Swain, and Qing Li. "Biomechanics of oral mucosa." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 109 (August 2015): 20150325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0325.
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The prevalence of prosthodontic treatment has been well recognized, and the need is continuously increasing with the ageing population. While the oral mucosa plays a critical role in the treatment outcome, the associated biomechanics is not yet fully understood. Using the literature available, this paper provides a critical review on four aspects of mucosal biomechanics, including static, dynamic, volumetric and interactive responses, which are interpreted by its elasticity, viscosity/permeability, apparent Poisson's ratio and friction coefficient, respectively. Both empirical studies and numerical models are analysed and compared to gain anatomical and physiological insights. Furthermore, the clinical applications of such biomechanical knowledge on the mucosa are explored to address some critical concerns, including stimuli for tissue remodelling (interstitial hydrostatic pressure), pressure–pain thresholds, tissue displaceability and residual bone resorption. Through this review, the state of the art in mucosal biomechanics and their clinical implications are discussed for future research interests, including clinical applications, computational modelling, design optimization and prosthetic fabrication.
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Wang, Mingtao, and Zhen Pei. "Injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies in physical education: A machine learning-based approach using biomechanical characteristics." Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics 21, no. 2 (November 6, 2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.62617/mcb.v21i2.412.
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The field of sports biomechanics employs concepts from physics, biology, and engineering to investigate the mechanical characteristics of human motion and how they affect the body’s anatomy and functions. With the development of technology, sports biomechanics has emerged as a crucial component of sports medicine, training, and rehabilitation. To reduce the risk of injury and enhance athletic performance, sports biomechanics examines motions in sports in great length. The purpose of the study is to establish injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies for physical education (PE) teaching based on biomechanical characteristics. The early warning mode of sports injuries is recognized using advanced deep learning (DL) techniques, specifically resilient convolutional neural networks (RCNN). Biomechanical data from wearable sensors is used in this study to find trends related to sports-related injuries. A questionnaire survey of 228 students from various colleges was conducted. Individualized rehabilitation strategies will be provided to injured participants, taking into account their unique biomechanical deficiencies. These programs will be created in conjunction with physical therapists, and they will be updated in response to the patient’s progress toward recovery. The study found that their sports injuries were acute and chronic. This research demonstrated the treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation strategies of injuries in sports. The study emphasizes that biomechanical analysis is crucial for improving PE programs, which will eventually enhance students’ performance and overall health.
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Ávila, Francisco J., Maria Concepción Marcellán, and Laura Remón. "On the Relationship between Corneal Biomechanics, Macrostructure, and Optical Properties." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 12 (December 18, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7120280.
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Optical properties of the cornea are responsible for correct vision; the ultrastructure allows optical transparency, and the biomechanical properties govern the shape, elasticity, or stiffness of the cornea, affecting ocular integrity and intraocular pressure. Therefore, the optical aberrations, corneal transparency, structure, and biomechanics play a fundamental role in the optical quality of human vision, ocular health, and refractive surgery outcomes. However, the inter-relationships of those properties are not yet reported at a macroscopic scale within the hierarchical structure of the cornea. This work explores the relationships between the biomechanics, structure, and optical properties (corneal aberrations and optical density) at a macro-structural level of the cornea through dual Placido–Scheimpflug imaging and air-puff tonometry systems in a healthy young adult population. Results showed correlation between optical transparency, corneal macrostructure, and biomechanics, whereas corneal aberrations and in particular spherical terms remained independent. A compensation mechanism for the spherical aberration is proposed through corneal shape and biomechanics.
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Oh, Mujin, Taeoh Tak, and Jiyeon LEE. "66847 Biomechanical Analysis of Steering Motion Using Motion Analysis Technique(Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2010.5 (2010): _66847–1_—_66847–7_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2010.5._66847-1_.
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Tai, Ching-Lung, Weng-Pin Chen, Mel S. Lee, and Lan-Li Lian. "The Biomechanical Study of A Modified Intertrochanteric Valgus Osteotomy(Orthopaedic Biomechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.179.
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Hochmuth, Robert M. "Cell Biomechanics: A Brief Overview." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 112, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2891177.
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In this issue of the JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING, there are eleven papers and one technical brief in the general area of “Cell Biomechanics.” In general, the work in these papers focuses on measuring and characterizing the mechanical and adhesive properties of cells and membranes. Included are studies of lipid membranes, erythrocytes, endothelial cells, and neutrophils. Characterizing and measuring the properties and behavior of cells in both passive and active states present a major challenge to investigators in this field. In this paper in the comments to follow, a simple overview of the field is presented and the principles and techniques used in the studies of cell biomechanics are discussed.
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SUN, Junhui, Liqiang ZHOU, Siyuan HUANG, Zhaofeng LI, and Yi QIN. "Research progress of finite element analysis in lumbar fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative diseases." Medical Research 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.6913/mrhk.040210.
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Lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) refers to the normal strain of the body involving lumbar bone, ligament, intervertebral disc, thereby protruding lumbar intervertebral disc, slippage, spinal stenosis and other lesions. Lumbar fusion surgery has been proved to be an effective strategy for the treatment of LDD. At present, a variety of fusion methods such as anterior and posterior have been reported. This article aims to review and discuss the reported strategies of fusion surgery for LDD and related biomechanical studies and analyze the development and significance of the finite element method (FEM) in lumbar biomechanics. To investigate the influence of different surgical strategies on lumbar spine biomechanics from the perspective of biomechanics and to provide a reference for selecting clinical surgical strategies.
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Chaaban, Courtney R., Nathaniel T. Berry, Cortney Armitano-Lago, Adam W. Kiefer, Michael J. Mazzoleni, and Darin A. Padua. "Combining Inertial Sensors and Machine Learning to Predict vGRF and Knee Biomechanics during a Double Limb Jump Landing Task." Sensors 21, no. 13 (June 26, 2021): 4383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134383.
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(1) Background: Biomechanics during landing tasks, such as the kinematics and kinetics of the knee, are altered following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction. These variables are recommended to assess prior to clearance for return to sport, but clinicians lack access to the current gold-standard laboratory-based assessment. Inertial sensors serve as a potential solution to provide a clinically feasible means to assess biomechanics and augment the return to sport testing. The purposes of this study were to (a) develop multi-sensor machine learning algorithms for predicting biomechanics and (b) quantify the accuracy of each algorithm. (2) Methods: 26 healthy young adults completed 8 trials of a double limb jump landing task. Peak vertical ground reaction force, peak knee flexion angle, peak knee extension moment, and peak sagittal knee power absorption were assessed using 3D motion capture and force plates. Shank- and thigh- mounted inertial sensors were used to collect data concurrently. Inertial data were submitted as inputs to single- and multiple- feature linear regressions to predict biomechanical variables in each limb. (3) Results: Multiple-feature models, particularly when an accelerometer and gyroscope were used together, were valid predictors of biomechanics (R2 = 0.68–0.94, normalized root mean square error = 4.6–10.2%). Single-feature models had decreased performance (R2 = 0.16–0.60, normalized root mean square error = 10.0–16.2%). (4) Conclusions: The combination of inertial sensors and machine learning provides a valid prediction of biomechanics during a double limb landing task. This is a feasible solution to assess biomechanics for both clinical and real-world settings outside the traditional biomechanics laboratory.
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Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.
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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation caused by various impairments, which is relevant for evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports (n = 6). Distinctions were made between biomechanical studies in sitting (41%), standing (38%), and swimming athletes (21%). In sitting athletes, mostly kinematics and kinetics in wheelchair propulsion were studied, mainly in athletes with spinal-cord injuries. In addition, kinetics and/or kinematics in wheelchair basketball, seated discus throwing, stationary shot-putting, hand-cycling, sit-skiing, and ice sledge hockey received attention. In standing sports, primarily kinematics of athletes with amputations performing jump sports and running and the optimization of prosthetic devices were investigated. No studies were reported on other standing sports. In swimming, mainly kick rate and resistance training were studied.Conclusions:Biomechanical research is important for performance by gaining insight into technical optimization, injury prevention, and evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports. In future studies it is advised to also include physiological and biomechanical measures, allowing the assessment of the capability of the human body, as well as the resulting movement.
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Wilson, Margaret, and Young-Hoo Kwon. "The Role of Biomechanics in Understanding Dance Movement: A Review." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 12, no. 3 (September 2008): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0801200306.
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This review introduces different techniques used in biomechanics that have been used in analyzing dance movement. Biomechanics provides information not only for analysis of motion, but for understanding muscle use, forces acting on the body, issues of motor control, and the interaction between any one body part and the body as a whole. The goal of this review is to highlight the role that biomechanical analysis plays in understanding dance movement, with applications for teaching, skill enhancement, and injury prevention.
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Amariei, Daniel-Mihai, Zeno-Iosif Praisach, Zoltan Iosif Korka, and Andrade-Ionuț Bichescu. "Essential biomechanical aspects in athletics." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Engineering 68, Special Issue (December 21, 2023): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeng.2023.spiss.7.
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"The aim of this paper is to present theoretical aspects of the study of biomechanics in athletics, which is essential for performance optimization, injury prevention, and improvement of athletes’ capabilities. This study contains various research directions in athlete biomechanics as well as biodynamic modeling and simulation in athletics. Finally, aspects of athlete training design and optimization are presented, which are essential for tailoring training programs to the individual needs and goals of athletes. Keywords: biomechanical model, optimization, performance, evaluation, objectives"
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Karzilov, A. I. "The respiratory system biomechanical homeostasis and its maintenance mechanisms in normal conditions and at obstructive pulmonary diseases." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2007-1-13-38.
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Parameters of breathing biomechanics in healthy persons (n = 20), patients with bronchial asthma (n = 30) and chronic obstruc-tive pulmonary disease (n = 30) are analyzed during electrical stimulation of the diaphragm. Methodology of homeostatic parame-ters searching and their classification is offered. Descriptive and comparative analyses are performed. Homeostatic parameters of biomechanics describing the condition of elastic and non -elastic properties of respiratory system, of respiratory muscles, of general pulmonary hysteresis, breathing regulation are differentiated. Basic homeostatic parameter is the ratio of inspiratory capacity to the lungs elastic recoil. The model of lungs with the biomechanical buffer and retractive-elastic- surfactant complex of lungs is offered. Biomechanical homeostasis idea of respiratory system as ability of an organism to support in dynamics balance normal and patho-logical conditions essentially important for preservation of respiratory system biomechanical parameters in admissible limits is for-mulated.
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Williams, William E. "Biomechanics." Ecology 71, no. 1 (February 1990): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1940279.
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Smith, R. Lane. "Biomechanics." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 427 (October 2004): S67—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000144977.95901.7b.
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Fung, Y. C. "Biomechanics." Applied Mechanics Reviews 38, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 1251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143684.
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Mechanics is as relevant to living organisms as to conventional engineering, and engineers are making contributions to the understanding of physiology, pathology, cell biology, as well as to the establishment of medical, rehabilitation, and genetic engineering industries. Living organisms do have unique features not found in conventional engineering. These features include the ability to grow, change, and reproduce, the process of aging and dying, and the existence of a most intricate system of feedback and control. Mechanics plays a role in all of these topics. Many things are still unknown or not fully understood, or not controllable, and therein lies the attraction of the field.
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Vilar, José M., Francisco Miró, Miguel A. Rivero, and Giuseppe Spinella. "Biomechanics." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/271543.
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Fung, Yuan-Cheng. "BIOMECHANICS." SHOCK 9, no. 2 (February 1998): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-199802000-00018.
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Kersey, Robert D., and Louis R. Osternig. "Biomechanics." Athletic Therapy Today 7, no. 4 (July 2002): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.7.4.30.
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JOHNSON, G. R. "BIOMECHANICS." Rheumatology 27, no. 4 (1988): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/27.4.312.
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Nishida, Masahiro. "Biomechanics." Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 1 (March 2009): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-008-0439-y.
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