Academic literature on the topic 'Biomechanical models of athlete movements'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomechanical models of athlete movements"
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Zagrevskiy, V., and O. Zagrevskiy. "SYNTHESIS OF PROGRAM AND FINITE LAWS OF MOTION IN ANALYTICAL MODELS OF CONTROL OF THE FINAL STATE OF BIOMECHANICAL SYSTEMS." Human Sport Medicine 19, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190113.
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Aim. The article deals with developing a computer program to simulate the movement of the object with a given initial and final speed and fixed travel time. Materials and methods. The analysis, as a method of biomechanics, allows us to assess the biomechanical state of the athlete in real sports exercises. The function of motion synthesis is the ability to predict the trajectory and behavior of the biomechanical system at specified reference points of the phase structure of the simulated motion. The article deals with one of the methods of biomechanical synthesis of movements: synthesis of control of the final state of biomechanical systems, based on the reduction of finite control to a given program control after attenuation of the transient component of acceleration. The mathematical description of the object motion is based on the known law of finite control with feedback. Integration of the mathematical model constructed in the form of the differential equation of the second order was carried out by one of the numerical methods of integration: Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order of accuracy. Consideration of the method is based on a mathematical apparatus describing the motion of a material point, which can be represented by a common center of mass of a biomechanical system, a joint, a center of mass of a segment, etc. Results. The mathematical model of the motion of a material point with the given kinematic parameters of motion at the initial and final moments is implemented in a computer program in the Visual Basic 2010 language environment based on the integrated development environment Visual Studio Express 2013. The output provides numerical and visual support for simulation results. Conclusion. It is shown that the developed computer model of the method always implements the goal of motion: to transfer an object from a given initial state by speed to a given final state for a fixed time of movement.
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Kozin, S. V. "Biomechanical substantiation of the technique of hanging in rock climbing." Health, sport, rehabilitation 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2019.05.01.03.
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<p><em>The purpose</em> of the work is to identify the main kinematic characteristics of a hanging in rock climbing by athletes of different qualifications and theoretically substantiate the correct technique for performing of a given movement. <em>Material and methods.</em> The technique of hanging performance in bouldering of 20 leading climbers of the World and Ukraine and 20 beginner male amateur climbers was analyzed. The age of athletes was 22.4 ± 3.2 years, body length 178.5 ± 12.5 cm, body weight 72.2 ± 8.5 kg. A qualified athlete took part in a demonstration of various models for performing a hang. Using the Kinovea 0.8.15 computer program, the kinematic characteristics of the two models of technology were analyzed (model 1 — typical for novice athletes, model 2 — typical of qualified athletes) based on determining the angle between the shoulder and shoulder girdle, as well as between the lumbar spine and vertical axis. Results. The main kinematic parameters of vibration in climbing for various models of equipment, characteristic of athletes of different qualifications, are revealed. The presence of significant differences (p <0.001) in the angles between the shoulder and the upper arm, between the lower spine and the vertical axis in the fixation phase of the vis is shown. The angle between the shoulder and shoulder girdle in the first model of technology was 1460, in the second model of technology this angle is 970. The angle between the lumbar spine and the vertical axis was 110 in the first model, in the second model this angle was 280. A theoretical justification of the correct hanging technique climbing in terms of the laws of mechanics and the laws of the interaction of forces in the kinematic chain. Findings. In the first model, vis is carried out mainly due to the ligamentous apparatus of the joints of the shoulder girdle with minimal inclusion of muscles, which is dangerous by injury to the ligaments of the shoulder joint. In the second model, VIS also provides for the inclusion of the muscles of the trunk and legs, which reduces the load on the ligamentous apparatus and reduces the chance of injury to the ligaments of the shoulder joint.</p>
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Canton, Stephen P., Tom Gale, Dukens LaBaze, William Anderst, and MaCalus V. Hogan. "An In Vivo Biomechanical Analysis of Syndesmotic Surgical Repair in Elite Athletes: Screw versus Suture Button Fixation." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 2473011420S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00152.
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Category: Trauma; Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmotic injuries account for 1-11% of all ankle sprains and are the most predictive factor of chronic ankle dysfunction 6 months after injury. Common surgical techniques include screw fixation (the ‘gold standard’) and dynamic fixation with a suture button device, which may lead to better clinical outcomes than rigid screw. To date, there are no studies comparing the in vivo biomechanics of suture button and rigid screw syndesmotic fixation, and no report of the correlations between biomechanics and patient outcomes. The goal of this study is to characterize the biomechanics of the native ankle syndesmosis, rigid screw fixation, suture button fixation, along with associated patient-reported outcomes. This study will elucidate mechanisms for improved patient-reported outcomes based on the fixation method. Methods: 6 patients (average age:23.6, 4M/1F, 2 suture button, 2 screw fixation and 1 hybrid) consented to participate in this IRB-approved study. After being medically cleared to return to full athletic participation, each participant performed seven movements (two single leg hops (straight and lateral), two alternating single-leg push-offs (front-to-back and side-to-side), vertical jumping, running, and walking within a biplane radiographic system (Figure 1). A validated volumetric model-based tracking system matched patient-specific 3D bone models (obtained from CT) to the synchronized biplane radiographs (Figure 1). Six degree of freedom ankle kinematics were determined for each movement and for the repaired and contralateral ankle of each participant. Patient reported outcomes were also measured using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: The results show that the screw fixation (-0.99 mm) has greater tibiotalar lateral-medial translation of the injured side relative contralateral healthy side compared to the tightrope fixation (-0.73 mm) and hybrid (.05 mm). For the syndesmosis translation, the screw fixation (2.00 mm) also exhibits greater total magnitude of translation compared to the tightrope ((-0.44 mm) and hybrid fixation (1.02 mm). Conclusion: This study shows that the screw fixation exhibits greater translation of the syndemosis and lateral/medial translation of the Talus. This may suggest that this method is inferior to the tight-rope and hybrtid. Future studies will include all the motions and more subjects.
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VandenBerg, Curtis D., Mia J. Katzel, Veronica Beltran, Adriana S. Conrad-Forrest, and Tishya A. L. Wren. "EFFECT OF AUTOGRAFT TYPE ON RECOVERY OF KNEE EXTENSOR MECHANISM FUNCTION FOLLOWING ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 7_suppl3 (July 1, 2021): 2325967121S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00094.
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Background: While multiple studies have shown clear benefits of autograft over allograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in young athletes, disagreement remains regarding the optimal autograft choice. Recovery from ACLR may be influenced by autograft type, which can include iliotibial band (IT), hamstring tendon (HT), quadriceps tendon (QT), or patellar tendon (PT) depending on skeletal maturity and surgeon preference. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study compared knee joint function among pediatric athletes with different types of ACLR autografts. We hypothesized that knee extensor function would recover faster for graft types that did not disrupt the knee extensor mechanism (i.e., IT and HT vs. PT and QT). Methods: This retrospective study examined 138 pediatric athletes (73 female; mean age 15.5, SD 2.2, range 8-21 years) who had undergone sports biomechanical testing in our motion analysis laboratory following recent unilateral ACLR (mean 7.7, range 3-18 months post-surgery). All reconstructions used autografts including 20 IT, 26 HT, 37 QT, and 55 PT. Lower extremity sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics were measured during vertical drop jump landing (41 cm height) and 45° cutting. Maximum knee flexion angles, internal knee extensor moments, and energy absorption during the landing phase (initial contact to peak knee flexion) of each movement were compared among graft types and sides (ACLR vs. contralateral) using linear mixed models with sex, age, and time since surgery as covariates. Results: Knee flexion was significantly lower on the operated vs. contralateral side for HT, QT, and PT during drop jump and for QT and PT during cutting (p<0.001). All graft types exhibited lower knee extensor moments and energy absorption on the operated side (p<0.05). This asymmetry was most pronounced for QT and PT and least pronounced for IT (Figure 1.1). Loading on the operated limb decreased from IT to HT to QT and PT, while loading on the contralateral limb increased similarly. Asymmetry of kinetics was significantly lower for IT compared with both QT and PT during both movements (p<0.01). Similar patterns were observed for HT but were not always statistically significant. No differences in asymmetry were observed between IT and HT or between QT and PT. Conclusion: Young athletes with IT and HT autografts exhibit greater engagement of the knee extensors during dynamic loading than peers with PT or QT autografts in the 18 months following ACLR. This may be due to extensor mechanism donor site morbidity associated with PT and QT grafts. Tables/Figures: [Figure: see text]
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Al-Lami, Wael Abdullah Hussein, and G. B. Severukhin. "MAIN DIRECTIONS OF BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS Of JAVELIN THROW." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 29, no. 4 (December 25, 2019): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9550-2019-29-4-471-477.
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At present, the effectiveness of training an athlete should be based not only on the experience and methodological skills of a trainer, but also on the ability to use modern technical tools, equipment that allows to receive urgent information about the various components of the training process in javelin throwing this should be based on equipment allowing to obtain biochemical analysis data. The article shows the possibilities of using biomechanical models in the training of athletes. Approaches to the construction of biomechanical models are considered. A biomechanical model of javelin throwing has been developed. The solution of the dynamics problem is given: the range of the spear’s flight depends on the absolute initial departure speed, departure angle, and spear release height. The most significant biomechanical characteristics of the “athlete-spear” system are determined. The possibilities of using the individual characteristics of an athlete in achieving the best results are shown.
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McGhie, David, and Gertjan Ettema. "Biomechanical Analysis of Surface-Athlete Impacts on Third-Generation Artificial Turf." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 1 (November 13, 2012): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512464697.
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Background: Excessive repetitive loads are widely believed to be the cause of overload or overuse injuries. On third-generation artificial turf, impacts have been found to vary with surface and shoe properties. Mechanical devices are considered not representative for measuring impact absorption during athletic movements, and pressure insoles have been shown as inaccurate with regard to magnitude of force. Purpose: To compare impact properties between different third-generation artificial turf systems in combination with various cleat configurations in vivo using force plate technology. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty-two male soccer players (mean ± SD: age, 23.1 ± 2.8 y; height, 1.81 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 77.5 ± 6.0 kg) performed 10 short sprints, 5 straight with a sudden stop and 5 with a 90° cut, over a force plate covered with artificial turf for each combination of 3 turf systems and 3 cleat configurations. Results: During stop sprints, peak impact was significantly higher on a recreational-level turf system than professional-level turf systems with and without an underlying shock pad (3.12 body weight [ W] vs 3.01 W and 3.02 W, respectively). During cut sprints, peak impact was significantly higher with traditional round cleats than with turf cleats and bladed cleats (2.99 W vs 2.84 W and 2.87 W, respectively). Conclusion: The results indicate that both an increase in assumed impact-absorbing surface properties and a larger distribution of shorter cleats produced lower impacts during standardized athletic movements. Regardless, none of the shoe-surface combinations yielded peak impacts of an assumed hazardous magnitude. Clinical Relevance: The study provides information on the extent to which various third-generation artificial turf systems and cleat configurations affect impact force, widely believed to be a causative factor for overload and overuse injuries.
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Petrovic, Milos, Haraldur B. Sigurðsson, Hjálmar J. Sigurðsson, Thorarinn Sveinsson, and Kristín Briem. "Effect of Sex on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury–Related Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Preadolescent Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 232596712093698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120936980.
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Background: There are 2 movement patterns associated with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury: dynamic valgus and stiff landing. Although sex-dependent differences have been identified for adults, less is known for preadolescent athletes regarding movement patterns known to load the ACL. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that girls would demonstrate greater vertical ground reaction forces and knee valgus angles. We further hypothesized that the exercise intervention would affect girls more than boys and that this would primarily be demonstrated in less sagittal plane excursions, increased vertical ground reaction forces and knee valgus moments for girls than for boys. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Male and female soccer and handball players (n = 288; age range, 9-12 years) were recruited. A motion capture system synchronized to a force platform was used to record 5 trials of a cutting maneuver before and after a 5-minute fatigue intervention. Linear mixed models were constructed, and analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in outcomes associated with the sex of the athletes. Results: Boys showed greater peak knee valgus moment (0.26 vs 0.22 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .048), peak knee internal rotation moment (–0.13 vs –0.10 N·m/kg, respectively; P = .021), knee rotation excursion (–7.9° vs –6.9°, respectively; P = .014), and knee extension excursion (2.7° vs 1.4°, respectively; P < .001) compared with that in girls. A significant sex × fatigue intervention interaction ( F = 7.6; P = .006) was found, which was caused by a greater increase in first peak vertical ground-reaction force (vGRF) from before to after the fatigue intervention for girls (15.3 to 16.0 N/kg) compared with boys (16.4 to 16.5 N/kg). Conclusion: Differences detected for biomechanical factors during the cutting maneuver do not point to a greater ACL injury risk for prepubescent or early pubescent girls than for boys. Nonetheless, girls go on to develop more detrimental movement patterns in adolescence than those in boys in terms of biomechanical risk factors. Clinical Relevance: Early adolescence is a good target age to learn and develop muscular control; balance, strength; flexibility; and jumping, running, and landing control. This time of physical and athletic growth may therefore be an appropriate period to influence biomechanical factors and thereby task execution and the injury risk.
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Zhang, Chuan Bo. "Biomechanical Analysis of Starting Action on an Outstanding Short Track Speed Skating Female Athlete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.530.
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The first three steps of staring action of a superb female athlete, who is in the Short track speed skating teamin Jilin province, were analyzed by Simi motion-Biomechanical Analysis System. Through an Analysis of Parameter by the Theory of Sports Biomechanics, we know the spending time and length of each step of the first three steps. After we compare our local Short Track Speed Skaters with those who are famous in china and the whole world, in the field of Technical characteristics and technical movements of start action, we find that for our local athletes, their consumed time of the first step among the first three steps is more than that spent by excellent Short Track Speed Skating female athletes in Our country and the world, but as for the length, theirs are shorter.
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Cos, Ignasi, Nicolas Bélanger, and Paul Cisek. "The influence of predicted arm biomechanics on decision making." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 6 (June 2011): 3022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00975.2010.
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There is considerable debate on the extent to which biomechanical properties of movements are taken into account before and during voluntary movements. For example, while several models have described reach planning as primarily kinematic, some studies have suggested that implicit knowledge about biomechanics may also exert some influence on the planning of reaching movements. Here, we investigated whether decisions about reaching movements are influenced by biomechanical factors and whether these factors are taken into account before movement onset. To this end, we designed an experimental paradigm in which humans made free choices between two potential reaching movements where the options varied in path distance as well as biomechanical factors related to movement energy and stability. Our results suggest that the biomechanical properties of potential actions strongly influence the selection between them. In particular, in our task, subjects preferred movements whose final trajectory was better aligned with the major axis of the arm's mobility ellipse, even when the launching properties were very similar. This reveals that the nervous system can predict biomechanical properties of potential actions before movement onset and that these predictions, in addition to purely abstract criteria, may influence the decision-making process.
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Litvinenko, Y. V., Tomasz Niznikowski, and V. N. Boloban. "Evaluation of the kinematic structure of indicators key elements of sports equipment exercise by postural orientation movements." Physical education of students 18, no. 6 (December 28, 2014): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2014.0606.
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Purpose : Examine the kinematic structure of indicators key elements of sports equipment exercise (difficult to coordinate). The method of postural orientation movements. Material : The study involved acrobats jumpers on the path of high qualification (n = 7). The method used video - computer recording the movements of the athlete. Results : Identified nodal elements of sports equipment double back somersault tuck. Exercise performed after rondat and double back flip and stretch after rondat - flick (coup ago). In the preparatory phase of motor actions acrobatic exercises isolated and studied central element of sports equipment - starting posture of the body; in the phase of the main motor action - animation poses of the body; in the final phase - the final body posture (stable landing). Conclusions : The method of video - computer registration allowed to perform a biomechanical analysis and evaluation of key elements of sports equipment double back somersault tuck and a double back flip and stretch. Also gain new knowledge about the mechanism of the phase structure of movements when performing double somersaults.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomechanical models of athlete movements"
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Галица, Виталий Иванович. "Контрольно-диагностические средства сбора и преобразования информации для тестирования уровня подготовленности спортсменов." Thesis, НТУ "ХПИ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/24727.
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Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.13.05 – Компьютерные системы и компоненты. – Национальный технический университет "Харьковский политехнический институт", Харьков, 2016.
Диссертация посвящена созданию новых и усовершенствованию существующих методов и технических средств компьютерной диагностики уровня подготовленности спортсменов на базе комплексного решения задачи характеризации функциональных и биомеханических показателей. В диссертации разработаны методы компьютерной диагностики технических и функциональных параметров, максимально влияющих на результат с использованием комплекса двигательных и функциональных моделей, экспериментально определен уровень достоверности измерений применяемыми средствами, реализованы методы компьютерной диагностики уровня подготовленности спортсменов контрольно-диагностическими средствами на базе созданной аппаратуры и систем, определены способы и области их применения.Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences by specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnical institut", Kharkov, 2016. This thesis is devoted to the creation of new and improvement of existing methods and means of computer diagnostics level of athletes. It is determined on the basis of a comprehensive solution to the problem of characterizing the functional and biomechanical parameters of athletes. The thesis developed methods for computer diagnostics of technical and functional parameters, the maximum impact on the result from the use a complex of motor and functional models, experimentally determined the level of reliability measurement means employed, implemented methods of computer diagnosis the level of readiness of sportsmen control and diagnostic tools on the basis of established instruments and systems identified methods and their applications.
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Галиця, Віталій Іванович. "Контрольно-діагностичні засоби збору та перетворення інформації для тестування рівня підготовленості спортсменів." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/24724.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – Комп'ютерні системи та компоненти. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2016.
Дисертація присвячена створенню нових та удосконаленню існуючих методів і технічних засобів комп'ютерної діагностики рівня підготовленості спортсменів на базі комплексного розв'язання задачі характеризації функціональних і біомеханічних показників. В дисертації розроблено методи комп'ютерної діагностики технічних і функціональних параметрів, що максимально впливають на результат з використанням комплексу рухових і функціональних моделей, експериментально визначено рівень достовірності вимірювань засобами, що використовуються, реалізовані методи комп'ютерної діагностики рівня підготовленості спортсменів за допомогою контрольно-діагностичних засобів на базі створеної апаратури та систем, визначено способи та галузі їх застосування.Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences by specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National technical university "Kharkiv polytechnical institut", Kharkov, 2016. This thesis is devoted to the creation of new and improvement of existing methods and means of computer diagnostics level of athletes. It is determined on the basis of a comprehensive solution to the problem of characterizing the functional and biomechanical parameters of athletes. The thesis developed methods for computer diagnostics of technical and functional parameters, the maximum impact on the result from the use a complex of motor and functional models, experimentally determined the level of reliability measurement means employed, implemented methods of computer diagnosis the level of readiness of sportsmen control and diagnostic tools on the basis of established instruments and systems identified methods and their applications.
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Lee, Koo-Hyoung. "Biomechanical models of the finger in the sagittal plane." Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05222007-091337/.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biomechanical models of athlete movements"
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Abreu da Silva, Nadyson Clayton, Mauricio Rocha Calomeni, Anderson Pontes Morales, and Flávio Thadeu Queiroz Rocha. "Kinematic parameters of crawl swimming in swimming athletesfrom images captured with the aid of home artifacts as a support of equipment for filming." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212413.
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Analysis of the underwater movements of a swimmer is of fundamental importance in sports, given that the characterization of the propulsion of swimming takes place in the submerged phase of the movements. Given this finding, this homemade artifact built from materials available on the market, such as PVC pipes and fittings; skateboard wheels and roller skates, and relatively low cost, may or may not positively influence the performance of professional and amateur athletes, to improve sports performance and prevent injuries. The objective of this pilot study, for possible collections for sample calculation, was to verify the effectiveness of a home model of support for the cameras during the capture of images for the analysis of movement, in swimming athletes. The study proposed as a method to couple two Go Pro Hero4 cameras to the homemade artifact, one submerged to capture underwater images and another above water level that served for observation of the aerial phase of the stroke, as well as for better framing during the capture of the real-time images, transmitted to the tablet placed on the artifact, which was conducted by an operator positioned on the edge of the pool and moved parallel to the athlete during the execution of the swim. One female swimming athlete from the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ was selected, who performed a 25-meter crawl test, which consisted of two 25-meter shots, with an active range of five minutes between them.For the analyses, the angulations of the lower limbs (ankle, knee, and hip), hip leveling, and the time of the complete stroke cycle, as well as the time of the respective half-cycles, were taken into account. It is concluded that this home artifact modelof support for biomechanical analysis of swimming was able to present its effectiveness relative to the purpose, with the obtainment of images subject to analysis. However, there is a need for additional studies, as in compliance with the decrees related to social isolation, it was not possible to film underwater a larger number of athletes, as well as their respective analyses.
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Milani, Massimo, Luca Montorsi, Luca Fontanili, Salvatore Rossini, and Roberto Citarella. "Integration Protocol of Different Measurement Methods for the Analysis of the Physiological and Biomechanical Efficiency of a Professional Athlete." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11774.
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Abstract The paper focuses on the methodology for the analysis of the physiological and biomechanical efficiency of a professional athlete for integrating the standard preparation routine. The proposed methodology combines an in-house developed prototype of multiple uniaxial force plates for the measurement of the vertical component of ground reaction forces during movement and an infrared motion capture technique is adopted for measuring accurately the body motion. The procedure is applied on a top level professional volley player and integrates the working routines used for the training over an entire season. The dynamic performance of the athlete is measured in terms of fatigue threshold and the aerobic workload. The proposed methodology demonstrates to be an accurate and reliable instrument for quantifying, for both slow and fast movements, the efficiency with which the athlete reaches the defined training targets and the precision achieved in developing an exercises’ routine. Furthermore, the dynamic response of the athlete is also measured by evaluating the position of the body during the workload as well as the speed of the movements and the corresponding interaction with the ground. This analysis verifies if an asymmetrical loading of the lower limbs and the power exerted during the impulsive contact phase with the ground. The measurements carried out during the analysis provide a map of the athlete performances during an entire season training and the mono- and bi-podalic movements could be associated with the time evolution of the athletic results, such as jumping length and height, speed, precision. Therefore, inefficiencies in the postural and technical aspects during the training can be measured and thus corrected leading to an improvement of the performance and to a reduction of the possibility for injuries onset.
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Fontanili, Luca, Massimo Milani, Luca Montorsi, and Roberto Citarella. "Biomechanical Analyses of Professional Ultramarathon Athletes: The Effect of Repeated Long Distances on the Gait Kinematic and Kinetics." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23748.
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Abstract Constant monitoring of an athlete allows to foresee any injuries by acting on the dynamics of the movements. For runners, the conduct of a correct athletic gesture according to the athlete’s specific body biomechanics guarantees the minimization of non-accidental injury factors. For athletes who are engaged in endurance sports such as marathon runners, the long distances to which they are subjected increases the importance of this type of monitoring. This work reports the results of a study carried out on three IUTA (Italian Ultramarathon and Trail Association) athletes during a routine check carried out at a reference healthcare facility that takes care of their care. These athletes are all specialized in the 24-hour race in which they try to reach the most distance in this time. This type of effort can be made if the athlete undergoes an adequate training regime over long distances. The execution of the running pattern in such a repeated way can lead to the accentuation of postural and joint problems. It is therefore necessary to monitor the biomechanics parameters. In this work, therefore, various gestures are analyzed to show potential movement deficits in order to act in advance on the running technique.
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Hayati, Hasti, Paul Walker, Terry Brown, Paul Kennedy, and David Eager. "A Simple Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) Model of a Bio-Inspired Quadrupedal Robot Over Compliant Terrains." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87134.
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To study the impact of compliant terrains on the biomechanics of rapid legged movements, a well-known spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model is deployed. The model is a three-degrees-of-freedom system (3 DOF), inspired by galloping greyhounds competing in a racing condition. A single support phase of hind-leg stance in a galloping gait is taken into consideration due to its primary function in powering the greyhounds locomotion and higher rate of musculoskeletal injuries. To obtain and solve the nonlinear second-order differential equation of motions, the Lagrangian method and MATLABb R2017b (ode45 solver), which is based on the Runge-Kutta method, has been used, respectively. To get the viscoelastic behavior of compliant terrains, a Clegg hammer test was developed and performed five times on each sample. The effective spring and damping coefficients of each sample were then determined from the hysteresis curves. The results showed that galloping on the synthetic rubber requires more muscle force compared with wet sand. However, according to the Clegg hammer test, wet sand had a higher impact force than synthetic rubber which can be a risk factor for bone fracture, particularly hock fracture, in greyhounds. The results reported in this paper are not only useful for identifying optimum terrain properties and injury thresholds of an athletic track, but also can be used to design control methods and shock impedances for legged robots performing on compliant terrains.
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Shao, Qi, Daniel N. Bassett, Kurt Manal, and Thomas S. Buchanan. "Estimation of Corrective Changes in Muscle Activation Patterns for Stroke Patients During FES Intervention." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176051.
Full textAbstract:
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. It is important to know how to stimulate the muscles when using FES. Many control methods have been used to derive the required electrical stimulation patterns. However, these models were not developed based on biomechanical model of human neuromuscular system, thus can not account for sophisticated neurological control strategies during human movements. Based on our developed electromyography (EMG) driven model, we have created a biomechanical model to estimate the corrective increases in muscle activation patterns needed for a person following stroke to walk with an improved normal gait.
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Dash, Ranjita, Anurag R. Chandnani, Arash Tourki Samaei, and Ramuel Safarkoolan. "Advance Model for Capturing Real Life Human Gait Process." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66893.
Full textAbstract:
Human gait represents a highly coordinated multi-dimensional and energy efficient process involving complex precision control mechanisms. Several attempts have been made in the literature to capture every minute detail of this process and develop accurate models. Although available state of art neuromuscular models demonstrate higher degrees of accuracy, the extent to which the shoulder muscles actively drive the arms, their effect on stability and economy during gait are not well established till date. Most of these models are sufficiently accurate to replicate the human gait in upright position, but fail to capture the energy efficiency and analysis while in a bent position such as the start-up posture just before a running event. Moreover performance of existing models degrade while capturing motions around a smooth turn. The prime objective of this work is to clearly bring out the effect of arm swing and posture on the energy efficiency of human gait process. This work can be a potential enhancement to performance of existing state of art neuro-musculoskeletal models, thereby reducing energy expenditure by approximately 7.89%. In this work we present a simple and systematic methodology for deriving the control system model of human gait considering the challenges faced in previous models and includes advanced effects encountered in real life. Although the single inverted pendulum is widely accepted as an adequate model of bipedal motion, but creates accuracy as well as stability issues and is less likely to capture advance dynamics of the human gait process. In addition to the motion of ankle joints, human gait often involves the motion of hip and knee joints for improved balancing, increased flexibility in face of the multitude external disturbances and robustness in terms of fail safe. For optimized results, a multi-pendulum model with forward dynamics approach has been considered in this work. In order to achieve real time performance with good controllability, LQR controller with state feedback techniques has been adapted in the model. Typical observations like swinging of hands out of phase with respect to legs, effect of posture prior to a running event are also analyzed and included into the model. We investigate the control and function of arm swing in human gait process to test three competing hypotheses i.e. (1) The arms are actively driven by shoulder muscles, (2) The arms are passively powered by movement of the lower body, (3) During few initial steps of gait arm movement is actively driven by shoulder muscles and consequently by passive dynamic effect of the thorax, inertia and gravity. Effects of removing arm swing that create stability problems during walking and especially running, resulting in greater variability in footfall positions are also analyzed. A comparative analysis between distance covered, maximum velocity achieved, effort on foot for the same input torque at the hip joint, and energy efficiency computations (work done per step per meter) is carried out for the above mentioned cases with and without hand motion during the gait process. This work finds potential application in development of energy efficient automated robots usually employed in industries, biomimetic, prosthetic, neuro-rehabilitation engineering and sports biomechanics where the energy efficiency and performance under varying postures are at priority. It drives gait modelling methodology towards an advanced low constrained multidimensional approach as is required by modern high end systems and compromise between energy efficiency and speed. This model can be cleverly utilized to suggest the best initial posture for different athletes having different body structures to obtain maximum speed efficiently. Strategic approach towards the development of a flexible and an accurate gait model are analyzed and discussed in detail.
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Mesfar, Wissal, and Kodjo Moglo. "Effect of Head Weight on the Biomechanics of a Cervical Spine Under Extension and Flexion Moments." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38767.
Full textAbstract:
The determination of head and neck biomechanics is one of the keys for deep understanding of impairments in neck function and cervical spine pathologies. Finite element models are a valuable tool to perform parametric studies. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of a 40N head weight on the biomechanics of the head and neck complex under flexion-extension moments. The loading is applied to the centre of mass of the head and the first thoracic vertebra is fixed. Our predictions show that the kinematics and the load distribution at the facet joints were altered significantly with considering of the head weight under the flexion and extension movements. Our investigations indicate the substantial role of the head weight on the biomechanical behavior of the cervical spine and suggest its consideration in comparing the models predictions with the measurements.
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Kim, Young Ho, Jong-Eun Kim, and Alan W. Eberhardt. "Development and Validation of an In-Vivo Finite Element Pelvis Model With Cortical Thickness Mapped From a Cadaver." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53265.
Full textAbstract:
Pelvis fracture and associated injuries from motor vehicle accidents or falls are often life threatening [1]. Cadaveric experiments and finite element (FE) models have been widely used to investigate biomechanical properties, structural responses, and injury tolerances of the pelvis. In FE model development, the geometry of the bone structures is commonly constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of cadavers. The use of live human subjects, however, has been limited due to low CT resolution resulting from mandatory low radiation doses and involuntary movements of the subject. The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) elected to use a living 50th percentile male for its full body FE model development; however, cortical bone thickness was not accurately imaged for the pelvis, where it is believed to play an important role in absorbing strain energy during lateral impact [2].
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Penezic, Slobodan. "SPORT IN THE TRAP OF GLOBALIZATION: A MEDIA SPECTACLE, AN IDEOLOGICAL INSTRUMENT AND UNIVERSAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION." In SCIENCE AND TEACHING IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT. FACULTY OF EDUCATION IN UŽICE, UNIVERSITY OF KRAGUJEVAC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/stec20.381p.
Full textAbstract:
This text tends to shed light on the current position and role of sport, as a kind of contemporary phenomenon, which follows the outlines of dominant global trends, but which, therefore, causes various consequences for individuals, groups and entire societies. It is the result of the analysis of this phenomenon done during the preparation of the master thesis “Sport as a Phenomenon of Contemporary Culture” at the Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, and therefore includes one part of it. In considering the phenomenon itself, it starts from the perspective of contemporary cultural studies and tries to see the place of sport in current social movements. Thus, the accent is on its place and role, and also on the causes and consequences of the process of which it is obviously a part of. Starting from its primary features and functions, the focus is on those elements that are an evident part of every sporting event today; the positive ones, which encourage models of behaviour that bring the modern individual closer to the ancient ideals of the athlete, but also the negative ones, which are the reverse of such aspirations, and which today, due to these global trends, are accompanied by the race for money and popularity. These are negativities that have become a completely acceptable component of sport over time, and the consequences of which, however, are not talked about enough, although they are often in the foreground, pushing to the margin those original motives of chivalry and Olympism. In that way, the very essence of the existence of sport and sports competitions is gradually being suppressed.
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Hajizadeh, Khatereh, Mengjie Huang, Ian Gibson, and Gabriel Liu. "Developing a 3D Multi-Body Model of a Scoliotic Spine During Lateral Bending for Comparison of Ribcage Flexibility and Lumbar Joint Loading to the Normal Model." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62899.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the movements of the whole spine and lumbosacral joint is important for evaluating clinical pathologic conditions that may potentially produce unstable situations in human body movements. At present there are few studies that report systematic three-dimensional (3D) movement and force analysis of the whole spine. In this paper, a fully discretized bio-fidelity 3D musculoskeletal simulation model for biomechanical (kinematic) analysis of scoliosis for a patient with right thoracolumbar scoliosis is presented. It is important to note that this method can be used for modeling various types of scoliosis. It should be noted that this is the first time that such a detailed model of this kind has been constructed according to known literature. The combined loading conditions acting on the intervertebral joints and corresponding angles between vertebrae were analyzed during lateral bending through the motion capturing and musculoskeletal modeling of two female subjects, one with normal spine and the other with scoliosis. The scoliosis subject who participated in this study has thoracolumbar scoliosis with convexity to the right. Since lateral bending is one of the typical tasks used by clinicians to determine the severity of scoliosis condition, the motion data of the subjects in lateral bending while standing was captured. These motion data were assigned to train the musculoskeletal multi-body models for the inverse and forward dynamics simulations. The mobility of the ribcage, joint angle, as well as joint force were analyzed using the developed simulation model. According to the results obtained the combined loadings at the lumbar joints in the scoliosis model are considerably higher than the loads of the normal model in this exercise. This research has investigated the effect of thoracolumbar scoliosis on spinal angles and joint forces in lateral bending by the application of motion data capturing and virtual musculoskeletal modeling. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of human spine biomechanics and help future investigations on scoliosis to understand its development as well as improved treatment processes.