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Academic literature on the topic 'Biomasse végétale – Sols – Méthodologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomasse végétale – Sols – Méthodologie"
W. Bruno, KABORE, SOULAMA Soungalo, BAMBARA Dasmané, BEMBAMBA Michel, and HIEN Edmond. "Effet de Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. et Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. sur les paramètres de fertilité du sol." Journal of Applied Biosciences 156 (December 26, 2020): 16078–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.156.2.
Full textThiebeau, Pascal. "Relation entre taux de couverture du sol et biomasse de résidus de cultures : une simplification prédictive est envisageable." Cahiers Agricultures 28 (2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2019031.
Full textGrillot, Myriam, Jonathan Vayssières, François Guerrin, and Philippe Lecomte. "Modélisation conceptuelle de la gestion adaptative de la biomasse face à l’aléa climatique en systèmes agro-sylvopastoraux." Cahiers Agricultures 27, no. 5 (September 2018): 55004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2018034.
Full textDORE, Soua, Youssouf CONDE, Boubacar Cissoko, and Ansoumane SAKOUVOGUI. "Evaluation des Caractéristiques Biophysiques des Ressources Ligneuses du Mont Gangan dans la Préfecture de Kindia, Guinée." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 25, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v25.1.2767.
Full textComeau, André, François Langevin, and Marcel Lévesque. "La santé des racines : le monde de la complexité." Conférences [Symposium : Santé des racines, santé des plantes. Société de protection des plantes du Québec. 97e Assemblée annuelle (2005) Gatineau (Québec), 9 et 10 juin 2005] 86, no. 1 (November 15, 2005): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011714ar.
Full textJonas, KOALA, KAGAMBEGA O. Raymond, and SANOU Lassina. "Distribution des stocks de carbone du sol et de la biomasse racinaire dans un parc agroforestier à Prosopis africana (Guill., et Rich.) Taub au Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest." Journal of Applied Biosciences 160 (April 30, 2021): 16482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.160.5.
Full textAraújo, Alan Nunes, and Wanessa Pinheiro Prates. "MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICO-ESPACIAL NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FRAGILIDADES AMBIENTAIS DA MICROBACIA DO RIO JARUCU, MUNICÍPIO DE BRASIL NOVO – PA." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 12 (March 22, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n12p207-226.
Full textSenou, Issaka, Moïse Yoni, Hamza Ouedraogo, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, and Antoine N. Some. "Evaluation de la Translocation du Cadmium, du Cuivre, du Plomb et du Zinc par Zea mays L. cultivé Sur un Sol Ferrugineux Tropical dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, no. 9 (March 31, 2023): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n9p137.
Full textSenou, Issaka, Moïse Yoni, Hamza Ouedraogo, Hassan Bismarck Nacro, and Antoine N. Some. "Evaluation de la Translocation du Cadmium, du Cuivre, du Plomb et du Zinc par Zea mays L. cultivé Sur un sSol Ferrugineux Tropical dans l’Ouest du Burkina Faso." European Scientific Journal ESJ 2 (February 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esipreprint.2.2023.p452.
Full textZamukulu, Patient, Rodrigue Ayagirwe, Adrien Ndeko, Espoir Bagula, Jean Mondo, Deckas Ganza, Dieudonné Katunga Musale, and Gustave Nachigera Mushagalusa. "Contraintes et opportunités de l’intégration agriculture-élevage à Mushinga dans l’Est de la RD Congo." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 41.3 (September 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v41-3.4.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomasse végétale – Sols – Méthodologie"
Dufrénoy, Pierrick. "Valorisation en synthèse organique d'éco-catalyseurs hétérogènes régénérables à partir de matériaux verts cultivés sur des sols contaminés." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH30/document.
Full textThe activities of the former metallurgy industries specialized in the production and processing of lead, zinc or other metals have resulted in significant metallic pollution of soils depending on their location. Current studies propose solutions for the requalification of these soils through the phytoremediation processes in order to maximize the value of plants grown on these contaminated soils. This PhD thesis project was thus realized with the aim of valorizing regenerative heterogeneous ecocatalysts. The latter were obtained from the plants cultivated on contaminated soils in organic synthesis for the production of high value added molecules. The contaminated soils used in this project came from the Hauts-de-France region (Auby and Noyelles-Godault). In this light, four types of reactions have been tested to validate the efficiency and recyclability of ecocatalysts: The aminolysis reaction The Friedel-Crafts reaction The aza-Michael transformation The transesterification reactionThe zinc-rich ecocatalysts (EcoZn), obtained from the plant biomass of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), were characterized by physicochemical methods and validated their efficiency and recyclability criteria. The latter were successfully used to reach various series of compounds with anti-inflammatory activity known (piroxicam, meloxicam, idrocilamide) and new, inhibitors of farnesyltransferase (for anticancer purpose or to fight orphan diseases such as progeria) or to discover a new aza-Michael acceptor
Ben, Fradj Nosra. "Analyse micro-économique spatialisée des enjeux environnementaux de l’introduction de productions agricoles à finalité énergétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0007.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to perform an economic analysis of the impacts of second generation (2G) biofuel crops production on land use, agricultural practices and the environment. As for the environmental impacts, we focus on the relationship between the nitrogen fertilizers' consumption and the pollutants emissions (N2O, NH3 et NO3). The second objective is to estimate the potential development of 2G ethanol production in France. The available data and modeling tools that we use in this thesis allow for an economic analysis on a fine spatial dimension. The agricultural supply, given by the AROPAj model, is then combined with the different French bioenergy demands and public policies, which are modeled by the TIMES-GeoMIRET model. This modeling framework allows us to highlight the coherence of bioenergy objectives with the biomass resource potential through the analysis of the technological choices and the regionalisation of the bioenergy plants. Results indicate that "fuel" is not competing only with food, but also with "feed" because producing biomass is achieved at the expense of food and feed production. Cultivating dedicated biomass crops decreases land allocated to crops with high nutrient requirements, and consequently reduces the nitrogen losses. The coupling between AROPAj and TIMES-GeoMIRET has shown that 0.5 Mt of ethanol/year should be produced in 2030, which corresponds approximately to an output capacity of 3 processing plants. These plants should be built in the French northwest region, more precisely at Lillebonne where a 1G ethanol plant already exists
Grégoire, Vincent. "L’apport de biomasse végétale et l’amélioration des propriétés hydrauliques des sols organiques cultivés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66302.
Full textSouth of Montreal (Québec, Canada), an area of 12 000 hectares is well known for its vegetable production. Accumulated vegetation led an organic soil with advantageous properties for vegetable production when compared to typical mineral soils. However, several degradation processes are affecting soil properties and a too low level (under 40 cm) of the organic layer thickness may be reached within in the next decades if conservation practices are not implemented. Physical and hydraulic properties have shown signs of deterioration leading to drainage problems. Thus, soil conservation strategies need to be developed to ensure the sustainable use of these agricultural land. Incorporation of plant biomass could compensate for losses of organic matter and could also improve the soil physical properties. To validate this mitigation practice, different vegetal biomass rates from woody and grass species were incorporated into undisturbed organic soil cores before an incubation period of 12 months. Discrete measurements allowed for the evaluation of the amplitude and persistency of the biomass effect on various physical and hydraulic properties. After an application of biomass at high rate (20% v/v), the final soil height within the cores increased up to 73 mm when compared to control cores. The modelling of the soil water retention curves led to linear relations between biomass application rates and air content. The latter increasing from 23,8% to 37,8% in the surface soil layer throughout the incubation period, but had only a minor effects on deeper soil layers. Three indicators of performance were chosen to evaluate the drainage behavior, which appeared to be fast under the experimental conditions. Drainage was slowed down with increasing biomass application rate, but surface aeration improved on the other end. In general, wood type biomass had a greater influence than the grass type biomass on the studied variables.
Echairi, Abdelwahad. "Effets du cuivre sur quelques indicateurs de la qualité biologique des sols viticoles : étude à différentes échelles." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS008.
Full textCopper-based fungicides are used for more than a century by vine growers to fight against mildew (and other diseases). As a result, copper accumulates in soil, reaching high concentrations, with potential harmful effects on soil biocenosis. In spite of this threat, copper-based products are still in use, especially in organic farming. In this work, we tried to make clear the effects of copper on some aspects of biological quality of vineyards in “real” conditions, on the short, medium and long term. Long term effects were studied in a region (Champagne) through soil samples representing a large range of copper concentrations. Two different sites, in Burgundy and Champagne were used to study the medium-term effects (decade). Finally, to study in details the short term effects (1-4 years) we used an experimental approach, in three different locations, copper additions being the only source of variation. Biological indicators (microbial biomass, C & N mineralization, nitrification) were used for routine analysis. In addition, two fungal populations of interest for vine growing and wine making were studied: mycorrhizal-arbuscular fungi (MA) and yeasts able to grow on vine juice. The main characteristics of the soil samples were measured simultaneously, including total and EDTA-extractable copper. Microbial biomass is a reliable indicator of soil quality but, for low levels of Cu, spatio-temporal variations were higher than the effects of copper addition. The same observations were made for C and N mineralization activities. Nitrification activity (ammonium oxidation) turned out to be less affected by copper additions than by previous nitrogen additions (as reduced forms: organic N and ammonium N). Therefore, nitrification is not a reliable indicator of Cu contamination. Our results also showed that MA fungal populations are of potential interest to assess the effects of cultural practices, including copper additions, provided the other sources of variation are under control. These populations can be characterized both quantitatively (spore numbers) and qualitatively (diversity of morphological types). Significant differences between treatments were observed in our experiments. However, the efficiency of these populations (for P uptake) are not addressed by these tests. Populations of yeasts are also potentially interesting to study the effects of Cu in vineyards. We developed a protocol to assess both genotypic and phenotypic diversity of these fungal populations. Genotypic characterization was based on 18S rDNA PCR-RFLP and polymorphism of D1-D2 region of 26S rDNA. Phenotypic characterization was limited to the assessment of copper tolerance by measuring growth rate on a medium containing increasing Cu concentrations. The results showed no correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characterization. Many strains were able to grow on media containing high concentrations of copper, even when they were isolated from soil samples without previous Cu application
Courde, Laurent. "Etude des effets d'applications répétées de cuivre sur l'activité et la diversité de la microflore des sols." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS048.
Full textRobert, François-Simon. "Propriétés des sols et de la biomasse aérienne sur une terre en friche récoltée avec un biobaler." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30751/30751.pdf.
Full textEnglish Title : Soil and native woody crop properties on an abandoned agricultural field harvested with a Biobaler. Natural woody crops overtake abandoned agricultural land. To bring back these areas into useful production, traditional methods include prescribed burning or on-site mulching. A recent technology, the Biobaler cuts and forms round bales of woody crops which can be moved for useful application. An agricultural field in Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (Quebec, Canada), abandoned for 20 years, was monitored for crop identification and soil properties. Allometric models were developed for 11 native woody crops (average R² of 0.93). Soil pH averaged 5.0, total N, 0.32% and organic carbon, 4.0%. Sixty two bales were harvested, averaging 413 kg at 44% moisture. The harvested biomass, between 3.3 and 9.6 t of dry matter per hectare, represented 18 to 43% of above-ground biomass. Data will be useful in assessing Biobaler operation on fallow land.
Akroume, Emila. "Élaboration d'un dispositif expérimental de manipulations de matière organique sur le long terme en forêt tempérée et évaluation des impacts à très court terme des exportations sur le sol." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0069.
Full textLogging residues represent a non-exploited supply which could be used for energetic purpose, but they are also a relevant compartment for forest soil fertility and biodiversity. Some studies in tropical and boreal context have highlighted the negative impacts of these practices on the forest ecosystems. The MOS network has been set up to evaluate the effects of organic matters manipulations on temperate forest stands at short and long term.This thesis has two objectives: i) to set up the methodology necessary to characterized the ecosystems’ variability and then, to implement the national experimental design of organic matter manipulation by taking into account this variability and ii) to describe the very short terms impacts of organic matter removal on the forest soil cycling. This second aim is organized into two axes: a first part evaluates the impacts of these sylvicultural practices on the biogeochemical cycles and the diversity of fungal communities. A second study scale, in controlled conditions, deals with the understanding of the trophic interactions between trees, ectomycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophic fungi during the wooddecaying process.The absence of clear trend confirms the persistence in the soil functioning at very short term. This first monitoring permitted to identify some functional indicators. A regular monitoring will strengthen these observations by introducing some biological indicators on fungal communities
Albergel, Clément. "Assimilation de données de télédétection dans le modèle ISBA-A-gs pour une analyse conjointe de la biomasse et de l'état hydrique du sol." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/955/.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to study how the use of remotely sensed data can improve the performances of the ISBA-A-gs Land Surface Model. Firstly the ability of ISBA-A-gs for modelling the main surface variables, water energy and carbon fluxes, has been evaluated. Then, in situ observations of surface soil moisture gathered from the SMOSMANIA soil moisture network of Météo-France were used to evaluate remotely sensed surface soil moisture. These in situ soil moisture measurements have been also used to evaluate various synthetics soil moisture products: from the SIM suite of models and operational analysis of Météo-France (ALADIN model) as well as from ECMWF (IFS system). Finally step the root zone soil moisture has been analyzed from observed surface soil moisture. A simplified extended Kalman filter has been coupled to ISBA-A-gs. In situ data is also used in order to demonstrate the positive impact of the joint assimilation of surface soil moisture and LAI observations on vegetation, water, energy and carbon fluxes. The recursive formulation of an exponential filter depending only on surface soil moisture to retrieve the variations of the root zone soil moisture was used with satisfactory results, also
Kheir, Maya. "Fonctionnement des sols méditerranéens sous changement climatique : effet de la préexposition au stress, de la mixité des litières et de l'identité de l'espèce végétale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/200710_KHEIR_495pzb687n410mxugdf923oaivtm_TH.pdf.
Full textThis work takes place in the context of climate change. We aimed to explore plant litter microbial communities' functioning depending on climate contrasts Northern/Southern Mediterranean but also according to inland/coastal context, and to assess their response to aridification stresses, considering the effect i) of the type of litter (plant species identity and mixture) and ii) of the preexposure to stress intrinsic of coastal environments. Aridity stress was applied in the laboratory (drying /rewetting cycles) and in natura via "litter bags" transfer from France to Algeria. Results show that microbial biomass and basal respiration depend on litter chemical traits (C/N and lignin/N): when these ratios increase, microbial biomass decreases, while the effect on respiration depends on the climate contrasts. The effect of binary litter mixtures on microbes depends on the climate context and the mixture composition: some mixtures seem to limit carbon release through heterotrophic respiration in Algerian arid context. In addition, a particular microbial functioning of coastal environments was highlighted: i) preexposure to coastal constraints limited the effect of stress applied in the laboratory on microbial catabolic structures ii) the in natura experiment showed that microbial responses to stress depend on the context (coastal/inland) but also on litter type, highlighting litter influence even at large spatial scales
Hechelski, Marie. "Intérêt des amendements phosphatés sur des sols fortement contaminés par les éléments métalliques en vue d’élaborer à partir de biomasses végétales des catalyseurs hétérogènes supportés utilisables en synthèse organique." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R016.
Full textMany metal-contaminated soils result from human and industrial activities. To manage these soils, the phytomanagement has attracted scientists and managers of contaminated sites. While using plant engineering, this technique produces biomass that should be valued. Based on this approach, the present work describes this technic by using plant biomass (ryegrass and miscanthus) in combination with phosphocalcic amendments. These biomass, described as non-hyper-accumulators, were produced on garden soils and agricultural soils. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse, mesocosm and in situ near the former Metaleurop Nord smelter. The sustainable use of phosphocalcic compounds did not significantly affect the physicochemical and biological characteristics of soils. In contrast, some physiological parameters of plants were improved. In addition, the phosphocalcic compounds decreased the extractability and phytavailability of Cd and Pb in some cases while promoting the mobility and the transfer of other metallic elements from the soil to the aerial parts of the biomass studied. Metal-enriched biomass were transformed into ecocatalysts. After being characterized, these ecocatalysts were used in organic synthesis and their recyclability was demonstrated. Three examples have been detailed in the current thesis report. In view of using other biomass, metal concentrations in ruderal plants were determined