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Academic literature on the topic 'Biomasse – Dynamique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomasse – Dynamique"
Sist, Plinio, Lilian Blanc, Lucas Mazzei, Christopher Baraloto, and Raphaël Aussenac. "Nouvelles connaissances sur la dynamique globale de la biomasse après exploitation en forêt nord amazonienne." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 314, no. 314 (December 1, 2012): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2012.314.a20489.
Full textLavoie, I., F. V. Warwick, P. Reinhard, and J. Painchaud. "Effet du débit sur la dynamique temporelle des algues périphytiques dans une rivière influencée par les activités agricoles." Revue des sciences de l'eau 16, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705498ar.
Full textGuarini, Jean-Marc, Philippe Gros, Gérard F. Blanchard, and Cédric Bacher. "La dynamique à court terme de la biomasse du microphytobenthos intertidal. Formalisation mathématique." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 322, no. 5 (May 1999): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(99)80072-9.
Full textSanou, Lassina, Souleymane Ouédraogo, Jonas Koala, Jethro Delma, and Adjima Thiombiano. "Productivité intra-annuelle des parcours naturels dans la zone sahélienne du Burkina Faso." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 76 (November 23, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.36966.
Full textMalavoi, J., and Y. Souchon. "Hydrologie et dynamique hydroécologique des cours d'eau." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705131ar.
Full textServais, P., P. Laurent, G. Billen, and D. Gatel. "Développement d'un modèle décrivant les variations de CODB et de biomasse bactérienne dans les réseaux de distribution." Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 427–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705232ar.
Full textDamiri, L., M. Alaoui Mhamdi, and J. Bahhou. "Dynamique des populations microphytobenthiques couplée à leur composition biochimique au sein du réservoir Allal El Fassi (Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705439ar.
Full textRakotovao, Miravo, Lucile Godard, and Loïc Sauvée. "Dynamique agricole d’une filière de valorisation de la biomasse : cas de la Centrale Biométhane en Vermandois." Économie rurale, no. 376 (June 30, 2021): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economierurale.8849.
Full textBelouard, Thierry, Nicolas Py, Grégoire Maillet, Dominique Guyon, Céline Mérédieu, Michel Pausader, and Nicolas Champion. "Pinastéréo - Estimation de la hauteur dominante et de la biomasse forestière dans le massif des Landes de Gascogne à partir d'images stéréoscopiques Pléiades." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (November 18, 2014): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.134.
Full textCherifi, O., and M. Loudiki. "Variations de la structure trophique du lac-réservoir oligotrophe Bin El Ouidane (Maroc)." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705446ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomasse – Dynamique"
Curcio, Axel. "Simulation dynamique et contrôle d'un gazéifieur continu pour la production de carburants solaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2023PERP0035.pdf.
Full textThis thesis tackles the optimization of a spouted-bed reactor, for the solar gasification of biomass (beech wood pellets). The syngas synthesized is notably useful for the production of alcohols and fuels. Integrating solar heating enables decarbonating the process, which is usually autothermal. This means that one third of the initial feedstock is usually burnt to heat the reactor, and that the producer gas is contaminated.Various gasifier designs have been assessed experimentally since the 1980s, showing promising energy efficiencies. Some theoretical works were also carried out to tackle the practical application of the technology in industrial processes. In particular, the fluctuations of sunlight availability must be managed, by proposing thermal storage and hybridization methods. The solar-autothermal hybridization – which relies on in situ oxygen injection – is an interesting solution, and will be tackled all through the present thesis.Firstly, the experimental setup (1.5 kWth) is detailed. Preliminary experiments with continuous injection are carried out, to better characterize the reactions of wood pyrolysis and char gasification. Via comparative studies, the impacts of the cavity’s layout on gasification results are described (indirect heating through an emitter plate, inert particles bed, cylindrical confiner). A dynamic simulation code is eventually developed in PYTHON, to model the impact of reactants feeding rates on transient outcomes. This code couples heterogeneous kinetics, corresponding to char-gas reactions, with the computation of thermodynamic equilibrium in the gas phase. The related hypotheses enable reducing the computational costs.Secondly, the solar-autothermal hybrid process is described. Experimental results are exploited, to quantify the negative impact of O2 injection on the producer gas quality (H2 and CO yields). Control strategies are then proposed to mitigate these effects, via the controlled injection of biomass or water throughout hybridization. A constant H2+CO production strategy is retained for the following, and is assessed through a parametric study in PYTHON. The impacts of hybridization on the walls temperature and syngas composition are discussed.Thirdly, the PYTHON code is applied to the hybrid gasifier dynamic control, in order to establish yearly production reports. An upscaled reactor is considered (10 MWth), with controlled H2+CO volume production and reactants temperature. Parametric studies are performed regarding the control code tuning, and the impact of design parameters on the hybrid gasifier performances. Finally, the relevance of the model assumptions is discussed.7The present thesis thus proposes a precise hybridization strategy (constant H2+CO production), which aims at facilitating the integration of the solar gasifier in an industrial process. The feasibility of dynamic control on a second-per-second time scale is demonstrated. In a 10 MWth plant around the location of Odeillo (France), the yearly solar heat share might be around 20%. Beyond this point, syngas production is necessarily fluctuating, thus requiring the integration of costly storage facilities. Perspectives are listed to clarify design choices for upscaled hybrid gasifiers
Tymen, Blaise. "Déterminants de la structure et de la dynamique des forêts tropicales à l'échelle du paysage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30349/document.
Full textThis thesis is structured in three chapters. In the first one, aerial LiDAR scanning (ALS) data were combine to field measurement of the aboveground biomass to allow a quantification of it at the landscapes scale. Two successive ALS survey were used to quantify AGB stocks and their dynamics. In the second chapter the structure and dynamics of a liana-infested forest is studied. Permanent plot data, soil survey and seedling survey were combined to remote sensing (ALS and Landsat). Together, these data suggest the liana-infested forest to be in an arrested succession. In the third chapter ALS data were used to model light availability, temperature and relative humidity in forest understory. We show this data can be used to predict ecological relevant climatic variable at the landscape scale
Rutishauser, Ervan. "Changements à long terme de la structure des forêts tropicales : implications sur les bilans de biomasse." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20176.
Full textAs living trees constitute one of the major stocks of carbon in tropical forests, assessing the role of these ecosystems in the carbon cycle received an increasing scientific and political interest. A better understanding of variations in the dynamics and structure of tropical forests is necessary to predict the potential of these ecosystems to lose or store carbon, and to understand how they recover from disturbances. Recent findings showed an increase of the turn-over in pantropical forests (Phillips et al. 2004a) and an increase of above-ground biomass in neotropical forests (Baker et al. 2004a). These results were attributed to an increasing availability of abiotic ressources (CO2, nitrogen) enhancing forest dynamics. Nevertheless, these findings were controversial and some scientists pointed out statistical and methodological errors (Lewis et al. 2006a; Wright 2006).The present project is based on a very different point-of-view and makes a nother interpretation of these results. The main hypothesis of this study is that the observed changes in forest dynamics around the Amazonian basin and in French Guyana are the consequence of natural endogenous processes. Tropical forests are facing recurring disturbances of various intensities and scales, ranging from tree fall (several square meters) to major drought linked to El Niño events (thousands of hectares). Thus forests would never reach equilibrium, but would rather fluctuate between short periods of disturbance and long periods of regeneration. The main findings of this study are that forests at our site can be seen as a mosaic of areas at different structural and dynamical stages, most of them increasing in mean stem diameter and accumulating biomass. The overall biomass balance is a net biomass increase that might mainly be related to endogenous forest dynamic
Messié, Monique. "Contrôle de la dynamique de la biomasse phytoplanctonique dans le Pacifique tropical ouest." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137145.
Full textAguilera, Segura Sonia Milena. "Chimie-physique des interactions entre solvants multicomposants et biomasse." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENCM0010.
Full textExtraction of cellulose and lignin from plant biomass remains a major issue for enabling more economic and green production of lignocellulosic renewable fuels and byproducts. Although the use of multicomponent solvents has provided remarkable results in wood fractionation processes most of the currently used methods rely on empirically elaborated protocols. Understanding the physicochemical mechanisms of biomass breakdown and its interactions with solvent medium during fractionation will lead to more efficient use of biomass. This defined the focus in this thesis work on a systematic and detailed description of the interactions between ligoncellulose components with binary water-organic mixtures of ethanol and acetonitrile. Our results and their analysis were obtained predominantly with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and supported by additional studies of quantum chemical (Density Functional Theory) and mixed quantum mechanical (QM) and classical MD scheme (QM/MM). With these tools we first established a non-linear behavior of the mixed solvent structures, thermodynamic properties and dynamic hardness, as a measure for their global reactivity. The analysis of the average numbers of HBs with the liquid composition shows that alcohol molecules tend to substitute water molecules, allowing compensating for the loss of H-bonds in the water solvent domains. The role of organic component in water solvent mixtures on the conformational changes induced in the main wood components (cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose) is highlighted and their dependence on distinct solvent compositions is unveiled for each organic solvent component and its content in water. This dependence is explained by preferential solute-solvent interatomic interactions as a function of solvent compositions. Subsequently, the evolution of interaction forces in lignin-cellulose and lignin-xylan complexes are also found to have solvent-dependent profiles. All this supports the general conclusion about specific solvent actions on lignocellulose compounds being the driving factors in the observed macroscopic non-linear behavior in wood swelling in mixed water-organic solvents
Nguyen, Thi Dong Phuong. "Récolte de biomasse microalgale par floculation naturelle et procédés membranaires." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f70f1c4d-d0a2-42d0-81c5-ac83082fa346.
Full textHarvesting step in a global operating microalgae process whose contribute substantially to whole process cost. Identifying and characterizing low-energy processes to fully or partially replace centrifugation, the reference method, represents a major challenge. In this context, the present work investigates the potential of natural flocculation and membrane processes. So, it has been shown that the natural rise in the culture pH associated with photosynthesis allowed cells flocculation by the precipitation of calcium phosphate or magnesium compounds. Thus, the cells could be preconcentrated up to 30 gMS. L-1. This process is rather long and must be controlled by adjusting the ionic composition of the culture media (nitrate as the nitrogen source; concentrations in Ca2+, PO4 3-, Mg2+). Natural flocculation seems feasible only for marine microalgal strains for which culture media are rich in salts, but not for freshwater strains. As natural flocculation produces a low concentrated harvest, it should be considered as a preconcentration technique which will probably require an extra step of concentration for most of applications. One stage membrane processes without fouling control (backwashing, enhancing shear-rate. . . ) was also investigated. Microalgal cells were concentrated up to 100 gMS. L-1 but with low permeation flux (< 30 L. H-1. M-2). Enhanced dynamic filtration that limits strongly membrane fouling allowed to obtain higher filtration fluxes (40 < J < 80 L. H-1. M-2). The moderate flux fall with cells concentration is promising regarding the ability of this kind of filtration to reach high cell concentrations in a single step
Manlay, Raphaël. "Dynamique de la matière organique à l'échelle d'un terroir agro-pastoral de savane ouest-africaine, Sud-Sénégal /." Nancy : ENGREF, École nationale du génie rural, des eaux et des forêts, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37720186s.
Full textMention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Organic matter dynamics in mixed-farming systems of the West African savanna, a village case study from South Senegal. La couv. porte en plus : "environnement" Bibliogr. p. 209-235.
Vallet, Patrick. "Impact de différentes stratégies sylvicoles sur la fonction « puits de carbone » des peuplements forestiers. Modélisation et simulation à l’échelle de la parcelle." Paris, ENGR, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENGR0012.
Full textStanding biomass capitalization and species substitution are two silvicultural strategies analyzed in this study. Both should lead to an additional increase of carbon stocks, a main issue of the XXIst century for mitigating the climate change. The first one corresponds to a slowing down of harvests that should generate an additional carbon sink by increasing the mean growing stocks. The second, substitution of slow-growing broadleaved high forests of sessile oak or beech by fast-growing coniferous plantations like Corsican Pine or Douglas Fir, should also lead to a faster absorption of CO2. The impact of both strategies on carbon is even worthier to study considering that foresters already use this way of managing their forests. The building up of a model chain taking into account all parts where carbon is implied (standing biomass, carbon soil, but also wood products generated by harvests) allowed us to simulate quantitative results following these practices. We point out that the standing biomass capitalization would lead to an increase of carbon stock depending on the initial state of the stands, the site index and the new forest management practiced. It could rise up to 142 tC/ha in the most favourable case. The substitution of slow-growing broadleaved species by coniferous plantations would also be an important carbon sink (up to 2 tC/ha/year) for several decades, but would have a smaller mean carbon stock at steady state
César, Jean. "La production biologique des savanes de Côte-d'Ivoire et son utilisation par l'homme : biomasse, valeur pastorale et production fourragère /." Maisons-Alfort : Institut d'élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35522937n.
Full textLobos, Buschmann Jorge Alejandro. "Dynamique de populations épuratives en réacteur ferme et en bioréacteur à membranes continu et séquencé : influence du critère "substrat/biomasse"." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20098.
Full textThe aim of this memory is to provide a fundamental understanding of the metabolic ways and bacterial processes in submerged membranes bioreactors (MBR) operated at high solid retention times. The intensification of the membrane separation was studied as well. In a first experimental batch study, the role of the ratio S0/X0 (substrat/biomasse) was clarified. A cellular multiplication process is favoured at high ratios S0/X0 while a storage compound synthesis process is dominant at low ratios. The membranes bioreactors operation was carried on under continuous and sequencing feeds, with a synthetic effluent based on acetate and Viandox®. Comparatively, the performances of the MBR operated in continuous way were more satisfactory with respect to organic matter removal, sludge production and separation. The lower conversion yields substrate to biomass obtained, were associated to the intensification of maintenance cells functions, lysis process and predation activity. The modelling of the system, with the models of Pirt and ASM3, shows a stabilisation of the active biomass concentration and a constant inert materials accumulation (resulting from endogenous respiration). The interest of estimate this fraction of active biomass (lower than 20% in our operational conditions) is underlined. With regard to membrane separation, the biomass accumulated around the fibres seems not play a crucial role in the fouling process. The influence of the macromolecular compounds has been also studied