Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biomasse – Combustion – Modèles mathématiques'
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Goussougli, Matieyendou. "Modélisation cinétique détaillée de la pyrolyse de la biomasse : application à des structures de type hémicellulose." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0327.
StructuresThis thesis focused on a detailed kinetic modeling study of biomass pyrolysis and its application to hemicellulose-type structures. In a first part of the work, we considered the thermal degradation of β-1,4-xylan from concerted unimolecular processes. β-1,4-xylan represents the backbone of a large number of hemicelluloses and a detailed and exhaustive study of the reaction pathways involved in its pyrolysis has been carried out from electronic structures calculations, at the CBS-QB3 level of theory. These calculations were coupled with statistical thermodynamics and transition state theory to determine the associated rate constants. In this work, we highlighted low energy reaction pathways capable of explaining the formation of compounds observed experimentally. Furthermore, we showed that the easiest route goes through a ring-opening of the terminal reducing end-chain followed by successive decompositions from unimolecular concerted reactions, including retro-ene, retro Diels-Alder, retro-aldol reactions, or specific reactions such as keto-enolic isomerizations or CO eliminations. The exhaustive and comparative construction of the mechanism permitted to highlight an iterative polymer consumption mechanism, in which two fragments are reformed with the same molecular structure, but with one less xylose ring at each iteration. In a second part, we added an acetyl function to β-1,4-xylan, a chemical function frequently involved in hemicelluloses. During pyrolysis, the acetyl group can easily react to form acetic acid and an unsaturated fragment. A detailed analysis of the decomposition mechanism of this fragment has permitted to show low energy pathways involved in the formation of formic acid as well as light compounds. A specific route forming CO2 was also found with low energy barriers. Again, it was possible to highlight an iterative mechanism involving fragments whose chemical structure were conserved but whose degree of polymerization decreases with each iteration
Hadj, Ali Kamal. "Étude cinétique de l'oxydation et de l'auto-inflammation en milieux gazeux homogène pauvre et ultra pauvre de carburants de substitution issus de la biomasse." Lille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL10004.
Dhahak, Amal. "Modélisation chimique détaillée de la combustion de la biomasse dans les appareils de chauffage domestique en vue de réduire leurs émissions polluantes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0017.
This thesis aims to understand and model the chemical mechanisms of biomass combustion in domestic heating appliances to reduce polluting emissions. For this purpose, a global model of combustion has been developed. This model considers both detailed chemical kinetics and heat transfer. The first part of this work consisted of developing a kinetic model to represent the devolatilization of biomass as well as the secondary gas phase combustion reactions of the species emitted during primary pyrolysis. According to the used kinetic model of pyrolysis, the biomass is characterized as a mixture of three so-called reference constituents: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. To know the limitations of the studied model, it has been tested on several cases of primary pyrolysis. A model of secondary pyrolysis and combustion was added to the model representing primary pyrolysis. This secondary model is composed of oxidation mechanisms for products formed by pyrolysis, such as hydroxyacetaldehyde, furan and its derivatives, furfural, anisole, guaiacol ... This secondary model, as well as the new global model developed BioPOx (Biomass Pyrolysis and Oxidation) have been tested on a large number of experimental results. In a second part, the kinetic model considering both the primary pyrolysis and the thermal cracking of the emitted gaseous species, is coupled to a simplified model of heat transfer to model the combustion of a log of wood in a stove represented by a network of ideal chemical reactors. The global model, coupling the kinetic and thermal parts, reproduces experimental results on gaseous emissions (CO, CO2, NO) obtained in a wood stove
Dhahak, Amal. "Modélisation chimique détaillée de la combustion de la biomasse dans les appareils de chauffage domestique en vue de réduire leurs émissions polluantes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0017.
This thesis aims to understand and model the chemical mechanisms of biomass combustion in domestic heating appliances to reduce polluting emissions. For this purpose, a global model of combustion has been developed. This model considers both detailed chemical kinetics and heat transfer. The first part of this work consisted of developing a kinetic model to represent the devolatilization of biomass as well as the secondary gas phase combustion reactions of the species emitted during primary pyrolysis. According to the used kinetic model of pyrolysis, the biomass is characterized as a mixture of three so-called reference constituents: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. To know the limitations of the studied model, it has been tested on several cases of primary pyrolysis. A model of secondary pyrolysis and combustion was added to the model representing primary pyrolysis. This secondary model is composed of oxidation mechanisms for products formed by pyrolysis, such as hydroxyacetaldehyde, furan and its derivatives, furfural, anisole, guaiacol ... This secondary model, as well as the new global model developed BioPOx (Biomass Pyrolysis and Oxidation) have been tested on a large number of experimental results. In a second part, the kinetic model considering both the primary pyrolysis and the thermal cracking of the emitted gaseous species, is coupled to a simplified model of heat transfer to model the combustion of a log of wood in a stove represented by a network of ideal chemical reactors. The global model, coupling the kinetic and thermal parts, reproduces experimental results on gaseous emissions (CO, CO2, NO) obtained in a wood stove
Creyx, Marie. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d’une unité de micro-cogénération biomasse avec moteur Ericsson." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0026/document.
Nowadays, the micro combined heat and electrical power (micro-CHP) systems are developing in Europe, in particular because of their interest in terms of primary energy savings. The use of biomass fuel in micro-CHP systems enhances the share of renewable energy in the energy mix. The objective of this work is to develop a test bench for a biomass-fuelled micro-CHP unit composed of a pellet boiler, an Ericsson type hot air engine (decomposed into a compression and an expansion part) and a burned gas-pressurized air heat exchanger inserted in the boiler. Models of every component have been established to characterize their working conditions depending on influent parameter settings and to size the micro-CHP unit. Two models of Ericsson engine, with established and dynamic regimes, were implemented. The preponderant influence of the temperature and pressure conditions at the inlet of the expansion cylinder and of the timing of valve closing on the engine performances are shown. The dynamic model shows the effect of considering the dynamic losses (pressure loss, heat transfer at the cylinder wall, mechanical friction) on the estimation of engine performances. Two models of the heat exchanger allow the characterization of the heat transfers crossing it, taking into account the radiation and the fouling by soot particles on the side of combustion gases. Experimental measurements obtained from the test bench of the micro-CHP unit set up were used in the developed models
Suard, Sylvain. "Propagation pulsatoire des flammes de brouillard." Laboratoire de modélisation et simulation numérique en mécanique et génie des procédés (Marseille), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22100.
Bourlouka, Alexey. "Améliorations des modèles de combustion turbulente en milieu homogène." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES031.
Xexo, Gjergj. "Flamme de diffusion turbulente dans un écoulement transversal : comportement dynamique et rayonnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT082H.
Ben, Taib Ahmed. "Etude mathématique et numérique d'un modèle de combustion turbulente." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10245.
El, Hamidi Abdallah. "Analyse asymptotique et simulation numérique de problèmes de combustion." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10022.
Palomares, Maria Lourdes Distor. "La consommation de nourriture chez les poissons : étude comparative, mise au point d'un modèle prédictif et application à l'étude des réseaux trophiques." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT022A.
Dillies, Bruno. "Contribution à la modélisation de la combustion turbulente : application à la combustion dans les moteurs diesel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0405.
Youssef, Moafaq Mohamed. "Exploration of novel fuels for gas turbine (ENV-406) : modeling of T60 test rig with diesel & biodiesel fuels." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25332.
In this thesis, a CFD model was proposed to simulate the liquid combustion of conventional and non-conventional biodiesel fuels, in particularly the B20 biodiesel blend. The numerical test matrix consists of four reacting flow cases, and one non-reacting liquid fuel injection case. The models are computed using FLUENT™ v.14 in a 3D steady-state fashion. The turbulent non-premixed diffusion flames are modeled using the steady laminar flamelet approach; with a joint presumed Probability density function (PDF) distribution. Validation is achieved by comparing available experimental measurements with the obtained CFD results. Combustor aerodynamics and the outer wall temperatures are captured with a satisfactory degree of accuracy. Validation of the main combustion products, such as: CO2, H2O, and O2, shows satisfactory results for all the reacting flow cases; however, some inconsistencies were found for the CO emissions. It is believed that the test rig (combustor geometry and operating condition) is not sufficiently adequate for burning liquid fuels. On the other hand, from a numerical combustion point of view, the steady laminar flamelet approach was found not reasonably able to capture the deep non-equilibrium effects associated with the slow formation process of a pollutant, such as CO.
Martel, Claire. "Etude expérimentale de la combustion turbulente prémélangée : analyse de modèles." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0573.
Jouve, Pierre-André. "Modélisation de la combustion supersonique turbulente dans des configurations de zones de mélanges bidimentionnelle planes." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0463.
Calimez, Xavier. "Simulation a petite échelle par une méthode VOF d'écoulements diphasiques réactifs." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0590.
Cuenot, Bénédicte. "Étude asymptotique et numérique de la structure des flammes de diffusion laminaires et turbulentes." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT001H.
Le, Maoult Yannick. "Modélisation de l'acquisition d'un thermogramme sur des gaz de combustion." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11016.
Benkhaldoun, Fayssal. "Étude numérique de modèles mathématiques décrivant la propagation de flammes dans un milieu gazeux bidimensionnel." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4166.
Loubeau, Vincent. "Sur un modèle de combustion solide-solide à énergie d'activation finie." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10596.
Galpin, Jérémy. "Modélisation LES de la combustion avec une prise en compte des effets de cinétique détaillée et en perspective d'application moteur." St Etienne du Rouvray, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0018.
Massot, Marc. "Modelisation mathematique et numerique de la combustion des melanges gazeux." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EPXX0025.
Marsou, Souad. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente dans un four rotatif à ciment." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10217.
Castanet, Guillaume. "Etude aérothermique d'un jet de gouttes monodispersé en évaporation et en combustion à l'aide de méthodes optiques." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10169.
The knowledge of aerothermal phenomena occurring in the combustion chamber is a key point in order to improve propulsive systems. Non intrusive optical diagnostics are necessary to investigate the mechanisms governing the droplets evaporation. A technique based on two colours laser-induced fluorescence allows obtaining the space averaged temperature of streaming droplets and the temperature distribution inside a droplet for linear monodisperse droplet stream. Sizes of droplets are measured with the use of a Phase Doppler Particle Analyser. An energetic budget allows to determine experimentally Nusselt and Sherwood numbers in combustion. Within droplets motions are modelled by a Hill vortex with an intensity adjusted from space averaged temperature measurements or from experimental temperature maps. Vapour transport phenomena inside the gaseous phase are studied by using the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence technique in order to determine the concentration field of vapour
Mokaddem, Karim. "Contribution à la validation expérimentale de deux modèles de combustion turbulente." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0685.
Robin, Vincent. "Contribution à la modélisation des écoulements turbulents réactifs partiellement prémélangés." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2303.
The present study is devoted to the numerical modeling of turbulent reactive flows in situations where reactants are not ideally premixed. In this case, the description of the local thermochemistry requires at least two variables. Here we chose the mixture fraction to describe the local composition of fresh mixture and the fuel mass fraction Y to evaluate the progress of the chemical reaction. The numerical model is based on the LW-P analysis but here the joint velocity-scalar discrete PDF made of Dirac delta functions is considered in the context of a second order modeling. New algebraic closures for the scalar dissipation terms are proposed to represent the mixing at small scales. Special attention is paid to the closure of pressure fluctuating terms which appear in the turbulent transport equations. The proposed closure is able to take into account the counter-gradient diffusion and flame generated turbulence effects. Numerical simulations are performed with the CFD code Code-Saturne and the model is validated using first the experimental configuration ORACLES from LCD and second the turbulent V-shaped flame studied at CORIA. Numerical results obtained for these two configurations are in good agreement with experimental data in both cases of perfectly and partially premixed turbulent reactive flows
Torredème, Sophie. "Analyse et modélisation de la pression cylindre pour le contrôle des moteurs à allumage commandé." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT085H.
Leroy, Valérie. "Contribution à la modélisation des feux de forêts : Cinétique de dégradation thermique et Cinétique de combustion des végétaux." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT4003.
On the international plan, the works of forest fires modelling show that the chemistry of lignocellulosic fuels, in fire condition, was badly know. The scope of this pHD thesis was to bring a contribution to the understanding of : Thermal kinetics degradation of plants,Combustion kinetics of gases emitted during the pyrolysis. The use of a hybrid kinetic method brought knowledge on the quantification of the mass loss during degradation, and the kinetic model of thermal degradation of fuels. On the other hand the combustion of a mixture CH4/CO/CO2 was studied in a perfectly stirred reactor. At first, a skeletal mechanism was developed from a detail known mechanism of methane oxidation. In a second time, the application of steady state assumption ended a reduced mechanism including only 4 global reactions. The reduced mechanism can be henceforth introduced in a computational fluid dynamic code
Jay, Stéphane. "Modélisation de la combustion au moyen de bilans d'aire interfaciale et de surface de flamme : application à la combustion cryotechnique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECAP0922.
Payet, Sandra. "Analyse de l'oxy-combustion en régime dilué par simulation des grandes échelles de la turbulence." Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0006.
Peter, Mylène. "Réactivité des oxydes d'azote formés lors de la combustion de charbon en lit fluidisé circulant : modélisation des réactions de destruction." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0616.
Rego, Rui. "Sur un modèle non linéaire d'interaction entre flamme et acoustique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2304.
Premixed flames may be considered as thin active interfaces, a point of view that we adopt here. Whereas accurate asymptotic expansions methods exist to obtain first-order-in-time Evolution Equations, whenever flow-field accelerations intervene those methods fail to provide an unambiguous answer. Still, suitable designed Evolution Equations that are able to handle with flow accelerations are tailored, based on phenomenological grounds, symmetry arguments, and consistency with known limiting cases. Those describe flame dynamics by a second-order-in-time Evolution Equation, with a geometrical non-linearity stemming from normal (Huygens) propagation, the density change, the overall geometry, and the inertia-induced gravitational forcing, provided that Galilean invariance is fulfilled. This flame EE model is numerically coupled with its self-induced acceleration field, where linear acoustics is shown to prevail on transverse average. The flame-shape evolution is handled via a Fourier pseudo-spectral method, which is checked against flame responses to prescribed accelerations successfully, even in the nonlinear regime. This nonlinear, global, system model is solved for flames in tubes as an example. Follow-on studies are also envisaged
Hua, Yulong. "Modelling and simulation of circulating fluidized bed combustors : solid segregation, radiative heat transfer and coal combustion." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0570.
L'objectif de ce travail est de développer un modèle mathématique global d'une chaudière à lit fluidisé circulant (LFC) à partir des théories les plus récentes et des résultats expérimentaux issus de la bibliographie. Un modèle hydrodynamique basé sur une approche semi-empirique est développé pour estimer localement la distribution de taille de particules dans le LFC. Une structure de flux solide de type cœur/anneau est appliquée dans le modèle, et la population de particules est discrétisée en plusieurs groupes de différentes tailles. Il montre que les particules les plus grosses se regroupent près des parois et que le diamètre moyen décroît avec la hauteur dans la chaudière, et cette tendance est encore plus forte dans la zone de projections. Un modèle à trois dimensions est développé pour calculer le coefficient de transfert de chaleur par rayonnement dans la zone diluée supérieure des chaudières à LFC. L'équation de transfert radiatif est résolue par la méthode des ordonnées discrètes. La théorie de Mie est appliquée pour calculer les efficacités d'absorption et de diffusion des particules présentes dans le LFC. Le modèle traite de l'influence des propriétés des particules (distribution de taille, propriétés optiques, composition des la phase solide) sur le coefficient de transfert de chaleur par rayonnement. Les résultats de la simulation montrent que les propriétés des particules ont une influence importante sur les échanges radiatifs dans les chaudières à LFC. Un modèle de combustion de charbon combiné au modèle hydrodynamique est développé
Galindo, Sabine. "Production simultanée de sucres et d'éthanol à partir de biomasse végétale." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20067.
Ait-Mansour, Rachid. "Décomposition de domaine et analyse asymptotique appliquée en combustion." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10197.
PIANA, JULIEN. "Etude de l'application des simulations aux grandes échelles à la combustion turbulente prémélangée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0529.
Pinheiro, Paulo. "Étude de la combustion des mélanges charbon-eau et du charbon pulvérulent sec dans un foyer pilote de 100 kW." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD055.
Laurent, Frédérique. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique de la combustion de brouillards de gouttes polydispersés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185806.
George, Erwin. "Modélisation et simulations de l'auto-allumage de mélanges hydrocarbures/hydrogènes dans un écoulement supersonique coaxial confiné d'air chaud." Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0001.
Préau, Alexandre. "Etude de la pyrolyse de composés lignocellulosiques et modélisation de ce processus." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL011N/document.
A study of pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials is of crucial interest in a better understanding of the thermochemical conversion process of biomass. Experimental study of the pyrolysis of cellulose reveals that the yield of the carbon solid residue depends as well as operating conditions than the geometric characteristics of the sample. These results have been widened to natural materials, such as lignin and hemicellulose. This study has been completed by identifying the different thermal phenomenas occurring during this process by differential thermal analysis of the main components of biomass. All these results allow us to carry out a mathematical model of the process predicting the temperature profile and the conversion of the pyrolysis of a cylindrical wood sample. Finally, a valorisation’s example of the pyrolysed material, in the form of the production of activated carbons is presented
Ben, Dakhlia Rafik. "Combustion stationnaire et instationnaire de mélanges diphasiques." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0859.
Auchet, Olivier. "Contribution à la modélisation simplifiée des fours verriers." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_AUCHET_O.pdf.
Industrial glass furnaces operate the fusion and the preparation of a vitrifiable mixture before the forming. Inside a refractory enclosure, the masses are mixed and undergo the glass elaboration processes thanks to the energy input by combustion. To ensure an optimal quality of the product while respecting the operating constraints, the furnace control is optimized, particularly thanks to predictive control algorithms. For these real-time applications, rapid models of the furnace are required. Among the various simplified modelling methods, we chose here to write the first-principles on a simplified geometry, making simplifying assumptions on the flow structure and combustion model. The model is of zonai type and gives the temperature mean profiles in the furnace. The work was mainly focused on the combustion chamber, and the originality remains in the possibility to tu ne the model thanks to empirical parameters on the combustion rate
Taik, Ahmed. "Modélisation et analyse asymptotique des fronts de réaction." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10104.
Lauvergne, Romain. "Contribution à la modélisation de la combustion turbulente en milieu stratifié." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT047H.
Maref, Wahid. "Modélisation des champs thermique et dynamique des écoulements turbulents en régime instationnaire dans un conduit de fumée : contribution à l'étude du phénomène de condensation des gaz de combustion." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT054H.
Fiorina, Benoît. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente pour l'amélioration de la prédiction des polluants dans un brûleur industriel." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0969.
In the view of economical and environmental constraints, industrial combustion system designers need both to optimise their process and to control pollutant emissions. Because of the progress in combustion modelling and the dramatic increase in computer power, numerical simulation is employed most oftenly in recent years. Combustion is the result of interactions between fluid dynamics, chemistry and heat transfers. In order to accurately predict the flame shape, the temperature distribution and the pollutant formation, one needs to take into account major properties of these phenomena. This manuscript deals with the development of a new turbulent combustion model. In order to take into account both the impact of heat losses and that of the detailed chemistry on hydrocarbon combustion, a tabulated chemistry method, called FPI, is introduced. This model assumes that the chemical flame structure can be mapped with a set of 1-D adiabatic laminar premixed flames. In the light of numerical results of 1-D counter-flow flames, it is observed that this assumption is valid for premixed and some partially premixed flames. The FPI model is successfully applied to 2-D partially premixed laminar flames submitted to heat losses. The FPI method is introduced in a turbulent combustion model using presumed PDF (Probability Density Function). A new closure for the scalar dissipation rate that includes an estimation of the coupling between flame wrinkling and micromixing is proposed. The turbulent combustion model is successively applied to premixed and partially-premixed flames, widely investigated in laboratories. Finally, the model is used to simulate an industrial high-power boiler
Barthémémy, Audrey. "Modélisation numérique de la combustion dans les chambres de statoréacteurs." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0894.
Barbeau, Bertrand. "Modélisation de la combustion diphasique en vue de la simulation d'un injecteur cryotechnique." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ECAP0617.
Zurbach, Stéphan. "Modélisation de la combustion turbulente non-prémélangée avec prise en compte d'une cinétique chimique detaillée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0562.
Chalet, David. "Étude et modélisation des ondes de pression dans les géométries complexes : application à la simulation du fonctionnement d'un moteur à combustion interne." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2089.