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Naviza, Fania, Gunardi Djoko Winarno, Wahyu Hidayat, and Slamet Budi Yuwono. "PELUANG KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BIOMAS UNTUK ENERGI BIOMAS." Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2023): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gjfr.v6i2.3055.
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ABSTRAK Biomassa merupakan senyawa organik yang dihasilkan dari makhluk hidup melalui proses fotosintesis, berupa produk maupun buangan. Biomassa dapat merujuk pada limbah pertanian seperti tongkol jagung, limbah singkong, dan limbah padi. Pemanfaatan limbah belum dilakukan masyarakat. Potensi biomassa di Tegal Yoso bisa digunakan sebagai sumber energi yang jumlahnya sangat melimpah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis biomas yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk energi biomas, mengetahui perlakuan keanekaragaman jenis biomas, dan mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemanfaatan keanekaragaman jenis untuk energi biomas. Jenis perlakuan yang dilakukan yaitu dibuang, dibakar, dan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 Mei 2023 sampai 14 Juni 2023 di Desa Tegal Yoso kecamatan Purbolinggo, Lampung Timur. Penelitian menggunakan metode wawancara terbuka, wawancara tertutup menggunakan 30 responden dan survei. Data primer yang diperoleh dari wawancara dan survei dengan masyarakat desa Tegal Yoso, data sekunder diperoleh dari jurnal, artikel, dan internet. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan skala likert. Hasil dari penelitian, persepsi aspek ekonomi menunjukkan nilai tertinggi, sedangkan persepsi aspek ekologi menunjukkan nilai terendah. Potensi biomassa tertinggi yaitu pada tanaman jagung sebesar 1,8 ton dan terendah yaitu tanaman singkong sebesar 1 ton. Kendala terhadap lahan pertanian yang disebabkan oleh gajah yaitu memakan tanaman jagung mendapat kerugian tertinggi sebesar 100%, dan pada tanaman padi mendapat kerugian terendah sebesar 15%. Peluang keanekaragaman jenis biomas untuk energi biomas memberikan peluang positif terhadap aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial. Kata kunci: Biomassa; Energi Biomas; Persepsi; Skala Likert. ABSTRACTBiomass is an organic compound produced by living creatures through the process of photosynthesis, in the form of products or waste. Biomass can refer to agricultural waste such as corn cobs, cassava waste, and rice waste. The community has not utilized waste. The biomass potential in Tegal Yoso can be used as a very abundant energy source. The aim of this research is to determine the diversity of biomass types that can be used for biomass energy, to understand the treatment of biomass type diversity, and to determine the public's perception of the use of species diversity for biomass energy. The types of treatment carried out are throwing away, burning, and animal feed. This research was conducted from 14 May 2023 to 14 June 2023 in Tegal Yoso Village, Purbolinggo subdistrict, East Lampung. The research used open interview methods, closed interviews using 30 respondents and surveys. Primary data was obtained from interviews and surveys with the Tegal Yoso village community, secondary data was obtained from journals, articles and the internet. Data were analyzed using a Likert scale. The results of the research show that the perception of the economic aspect shows the highest value, while the perception of the ecological aspect shows the lowest value. The highest biomass potential is for corn plants at 1.8 tons and the lowest is for cassava plants at 1 ton. Obstacles to agricultural land caused by elephants, namely eating corn plants, received the highest loss at 100%, and rice plants received the lowest loss at 15%. The opportunity for diversity of biomass types for biomass energy provides positive opportunities for ecological, economic and social aspects. Keywords: Biomass; Biomass Energy; Perception; Likert Scale.
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Bolin, Olof. "Biomass or biomess?" Energy Policy 25, no. 6 (May 1997): 583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(97)00049-9.
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Trentin, Carline Biasoli, Aline Biasoli Trentin, and Dejanira Luderitz Saldanha. "RELAÇÃO ENTRE A BIOMASSA DA VEGETAÇÃO CAMPESTRE NATIVA E DADOS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO ORBITAL." GEOgraphia 21, no. 45 (June 7, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2019.v21i45.a14187.
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As variações da resposta espectral da vegetação estão diretamente relacionadas com a quantidade de biomassa aérea produzida (estocada) além de outros pigmentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a biomassa aérea da vegetação através de uma relação entre a biomassa da parte aérea da vegetação campestre nativa coletada em campo e dados de sensoriamento remoto orbital, considerando as estações quente e fria do ano. Para estimar a biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre nativa a partir de dados espectrais, foram analisados os dados de quantidade de biomassa aérea instantânea coletada em campo durante o período de 2012 a 2014 e os dados da resposta espectral da vegetação (medidos pelo sensor MODIS). A partir da elaboração de um perfil temporal dos dados e um gráfico de dispersão entre os valores de biomassa aérea e dados espectrais, foram realizadas análises de correlação e análise de regressão linear, verificando a relação existente entre estes dois conjuntos de dados. Desta forma, observou-se que a vegetação campestre nativa do bioma Pampa tem um comportamento sazonal bem definido, com período de crescimento das espécies nos meses quentes do ano. Foi verificada uma relação direta entre a biomassa aérea e os índices EVI e NDVI e a banda espectral do NIR, com maiores valores no verão e menores no inverno. O coeficiente de correlação foi significativo para as bandas do azul, vermelho, NIR, EVI e NDVI. Desta forma, o modelo resultante demonstrou a aplicabilidade das imagens MODIS para a estimativa da biomassa aérea da vegetação campestre.Palavras-chave: Resposta espectral. Sensor MODIS. Bioma Pampa. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOMASS OF NATIVE GRASSLANDS AND REMOTE SENSING DATAAbstract: Variations of spectral response are directly related to the amount of aboveground biomass vegetation (stored) in addition to other pigments. We estimate the aboveground biomass vegetation through a relationship between aboveground biomass vegetation in grassland native collected in the field and remote sensing data in the hot and cold seasons of the period from 2012 to 2014. To estimate the biomass of grassland native air from spectral data, the data were related to amount of instant air field collected biomass during the period 2012 to 2014 versus the spectral response of vegetation data (measured by MODIS sensor). From the development of a temporal profile of data and a scatter plot between aboveground biomass values and spectral data, conducted analyses of correlation and linear regression analysis, noting the relationship between these two sets of data. In this way, it was observed a relationship between aboveground biomass and the indices EVI and NDVI and NIR spectral band, with highest values in summer and lower in winter. The correlation coefficient was significant for the bands of blue, red, NIR, EVI and NDVI. In this way, the resulting model demonstrated the applicability of MODIS images for the estimation of aboveground biomass of grassland vegetation.Keywords: Spectral response. MODIS sensor. Pampa Biome. RELACIONES ENTRE LA BIOMASA DE LA VEGETACIÓN CAMPESTRE NATIVA Y DATOS DE DETECCIÓN REMOTA ORBITALResumen: Las variaciones de la respuesta espectral de la vegetación están directamente relacionadas a la cantidad de biomasa aérea producida (estoqueada) además de otros pigmentos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la biomasa aérea de la vegetación a través de una relación entre la biomasa de la parte aérea de la vegetación campestre nativa colectada en el campo y datos de detección remota orbital, considerando las estaciones caliente y fría del año. Para estimar la biomasa aérea de la vegetación campestre nativa a partir de datos espectrales, fueron analisados los datos de cuantidad de biomasa aérea instantánea colectada en el campo durante el período de 2012 a 2014 y los datos de la respuesta espectral de la vegetación (medidos por el sensor MODIS). A partir de la elaboración de un perfil temporal de los datos y un gráfico de dispersión entre los valores de biomasa aérea y datos espectrales, fueron realizados análisis de correlación y análisis de regresión linear, verificando la relación existente entre estos dos conjuntos de datos. De esta manera, se observó que la vegetación campestre nativa del bioma Pampa tiene un comportamiento estacional bien definido, con período de crecimento de las especies en los meses calientes del año. Fue verificada una relación directa entre la biomasa aérea y los índices EVI y NDVI y la banda espectral del NIR, con mayores valores en el verano y menores en el invierno. El coeficiente de correlacción fue significativo para las bandas del azul, rojo, NIR, EVI y NDVI. Así, el modelo resultante demostró la aplicabilidad de las imagenes MODIS para la estimativa de la biomasa aérea de la vegetación campestre.Palabras clave: Respuesta espectral. Sensor MODIS. Bioma Pampa.
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Purwanto, Ris Hadi, and Melikaries Silaban. "Inventore Biomasa dan Karbon Jenis Jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) di Hutan Rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Karanganyar." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.581.
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Hutan menyimpan biomassa dan karbon dalam bentuk pepohonan hidup, bagian organ tumbuhan yang sudah mati yang berada di lantai hutan (misalnya seresah), tanah dan hasil kayu. Kajian ini memaparkan hasil inventore biomassa bagian organ tanaman jati (Tectona grandis L.f.) diatas permukaan tanah (above ground biomass) yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo, Kabupaten Karanganyar. Diawali dengan penyusunan allometrik, kegiatan inventore dilakukan untuk menaksir potensi biomassa organ tanaman jati di atas permukaan tanah yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat tersebut. Untuk menyusun persamaan allometrik, sebanyak 410 pohon diukur untuk menentukan hubungan antara tinggi pohon (H) dan diameter batang setinggi dada (D). Sepuluh pohon sampel dengan ukuran yang bervariasi ditebang dan berat biomassa masing-masing organ tanaman di atas permukaan tanah (batang, cabang dan daun) diukur. Hasil penyusunan allometrik ini menunjukkan bahwa diameter batang setinggi dada (±1.3 meter diatas permukaan tanah, D) merupakan penduga yang baik untuk tinggi pohon (H) dengan nilai koefisien determinasi r2 diatas 0,8886. Ketika parameter D dikombinasi dengan H, nilai r2 semakin meningkat untuk biomassa batang, cabang dan total biomasa di atas permukaan tanah; menandakan bahwa pola pertumbuhan antar dimensi pohon saling mempengaruhi secara kuat (closely interdependent). Simpanan karbon tegakan jati di hutan rakyat ini diukur dengan asumsi bahwa kadar karbon (C) sebesar 50% dari berat biomasanya. Simpanan biomasa hidup dari organ tanaman jati bagian di atas permukaan tanah yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo ini selanjutnya diinventore dengan menggunakan beragai persamaan allometrik yang telah disusun. Hasil inventore menunjukkan bahwa total biomasa diatas permukaan tanah untuk tegakan jati yang tumbuh di lahan hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo sebesar 27,064 ton/ha, setara dengan simpanan karbon sebesar 13,532 ton/ha, dengan luas bidang dasar sebesar 6,1526 m2/ha. Berdasarkan nilai simpanan karbon dan luas bidang dasarnya, potensi tegakan jati yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat Desa Jatimulyo dikategorikan rendah.Kata kunci: Biomasa dan karbon diatas permukaan tanah, jati, hutan rakyat, allometrik.Biomass and Carbon Inventore of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in the Community Forest of Jatimulyo Village, KaranganyarAbstractForests store biomass and carbon in the form of living trees, forest floor detritus (e.g. litter falls), soil and wood products. This study describes inventory results of the above ground biomass of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in the community forest of Jatimulyo Village, Karanganyar District. By developing allometric method, the inventory was designed to estimate the potential of above ground biomass of teak in the community forest. To establish the allometric equations, 410 sample trees were measured to determine the relationships between tree height (H) and diameter of breast height (D). Ten trees of various sizes were cut to measure the above ground biomass (stem, branch and leaves). The results showed that diameter at breast height ( about 1.3 m above the ground, D) was a good predictor of tree height (H) with r2 more than 0.8886. When D was combined with H, r2 was improved somewhat for the stem, branch and total above ground biomass, suggesting the growth patterns of tree dimensions were closely interdependent. Carbon storage of the teak forests was based on the assumption that carbon (C) concentration was 50% of the biomass. A standing stock of the above ground biomass of teak in the community forests of Jatimulyo Village was then inventoried based on the allometric relations. Results showed that the above ground biomass of teak in these community forests were 27.064 ton/ha, equal to 13.532 ton carbon/ha, with a basal area of 6.1526 m2/ha. Based on the carbon stock and basal area, the teak community forests of Jatimulyo Village are categorized as having low stand potential.
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Prayitno, Joko, Iklima Ika Rahmasari, and Agus Rifai. "Pengaruh Interval Waktu Panen terhadap Produksi Biomassa Chlorella sp. dan Melosira sp. untuk Penangkapan Karbon secara Biologi." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v21i1.3777.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of harvesting frequency on the growth of Chlorella sp. and Melosira sp. and on their total biomass production to estimate the amount of carbon fixed during 11 days of culture. Chlorella sp. and Melosira sp. were cultured in f/2 medium in seawater. The biomass was harvested at harvesting intervals of every day (P1), every 2 days (P2) and every 3 days (P3). The biomass of Chlorella sp. harvested at P1, P2 and P3 were 0,49 g/L, 0,43 g/L, and 0,35 g/L, respectively. The highest total biomass production of Chlorella sp. after 11 days of cultivation was obtained from P1 (8,80 g/L), while total biomass production at P2 and P3 were 52% (4,59 g/L) and 30% (3,25 g/L) of that P1, respectively. The biomass harvested at P1, P2 and P3 were 2,41 g/L, 1,40 g/L, and 1,63 g/L. Total biomass production of Melosira sp. during 11 days of cultivation for P1, P2 and P3 were 34,56 g/L, 17,33 g/L, 11,20 g/L, respectively. Our results showed that the highest total biomass production of both Chlorella sp. and Melosira sp. were obtained from harvesting every day. The estimated value of CO2 bio-fixation based on biomass production by Chlorella sp. and Melosira sp. were 1,5 g/L/day and 5,9 g/L/day, respectively.Keywords: biomass, microalgae, Chlorella sp, harvesting interval, Melosira sp, carbon capture ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interval waktu panen biomassa mikroalga terhadap pertumbuhan Chlorella sp. dan Melosira sp., dan perolehan total biomassanya untuk estimasi CO2 yang difiksasi selama kultur 11 hari. Chlorella sp. dan Melosira sp. dikultivasi dalam media air laut yang berisi nutrien f/2. Biomassa mikroalga dipanen dengan interval waktu panen tiap hari (P1), tiap 2 hari (P2) dan tiap 3 hari (P3). Sebagai kontrol (P0), biomassa mikroalga dipanen hanya pada akhir percobaan yaitu di hari ke-11. Kelimpahan sel kultur Chlorella sp. pada perlakuan P1, P2 and P3 masing-masing adalah 2,38x106 sel/mL, 2x106 sel/mL,1,5x106 sel/mL, sedangkan total biomassa yang diperoleh masing-masing adalah 0,49 g/L, 0,43 g/L, dan 0,35 g/L. Total produksi biomassa Chlorella sp. tertinggi yang diperoleh selama 11 hari kultivasi dijumpai pada perlakuan P1 (8,80 g/L), sedangkan total produksi biomassa pada P2 dan P3 hanya 52% (4,59 g/L) dan 30% (3,25 g/L) dari total biomassa P1. Kelimpahan sel Melosira sp. yang dipanen dengan interval P1, P2 dan P3 masing-masing adalah 4,28x106 sel/mL, 2,22x106 sel/mL, dan 2,36x106 sel/mL, dan biomassa yang diperoleh masing-masing adalah 2,41 g/L, 1,40 g/L, dan 1,63 g/L. Total produksi biomassa Melosira sp. yang diperoleh selama 11 hari kultivasi untuk perlakuan P1, P2 dan P3 masing-masing adalah 34,56 g/L,17,33 g/L, dan 11,20 g/L. Hasil percobaan ini menunjukkan bahwa total produksi biomassa tertinggi pada Chlorella sp. dan Melosira sp.dijumpai pada kultur yang dipanen setiap hari. Estimasi serapan karbon berdasarkan biomasa yang dihasilkan oleh Chlorella sp dan Melosira sp. masing-masing adalah 1,5 g/L/hari dan 5,9 g/L/hari.Kata kunci: biomassa, mikroalga, Chlorella sp., interval panen, Melosira sp., penangkapan karbon
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Suryono, Suryono, Nirwani Soenardjo, Edi Wibowo, Raden Ario, and Edi Fahrur Rozy. "Estimasi Kandungan Biomassa dan Karbon di Hutan Mangrove Perancak Kabupaten Jembrana, Provinsi Bali." BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA 7, no. 1 (May 24, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/buloma.v7i1.19036.
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Ekosistem mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis sebagai penyerap dan penyimpan karbon. Mangrove menyerap CO2 pada saat proses fotosintesis, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi karbohidrat dengan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa pada akar ,pohon, serta daun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui total above ground biomass, belowground biomass, simpanan karbon atas, simpanan karbon bawah, dan karbon organik pada sedimen dasar di Hutan Mangrove Perancak, Jembrana, Bali. Sampling dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan dasar pertimbangan berupa jenis, kerapatan serta diameter pohon mangrove. Estimasi biomassa digunakan metode tanpa pemanenan dengan mengukur diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Simpanan karbon diestimasi dari 46% biomasa. Kandungan karbon organik pada sedimen diukur dengan menggunakan metode lost on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total above ground biomass sebesar 187,21 ton/ha, below ground biomass sebesar 125,43 ton/ha, simpanan karbon atas sebesar 86,11 ton/ha, simpanan karbon bawah sebesar 57,69 ton/ha, sedangkan karbon organik sedimen sebesar 359,24 ton/ha. The mangrove ecosystem has ecological functions as an absorber and carbon storage. Mangrove absorbs CO2 during the process of photosynthesis, then changes it into carbohydrates bystoring it in the form of tree biomass. The aim of this research is to know the total of above ground biomass, below ground biomass, upper carbon storage, lower carbon storage, and sediment organic carbon in Perancak Mangrove Forest, Jembrana, Bali. The selection of sampling location using purposive sampling method with consideration of type, density and diameter of mangrove. The estimatorion of biomass using the method without harvesting by measuring diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) mangrove. Carbon deposits are estimated from46% of biomass. The organic carbon content of sediment was measured using the lost on ignition (LOI) method. The results showedthat the total of above ground biomass of 187.21 ton / ha, below ground biomass 125,43 ton / ha, upper carbon store of 86,11 ton / ha, lower carbon store of 57,69 ton / ha, and organic carbon sedimen to 359.24 tons / ha.
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Djunaedi, Ali, Sunaryo Sunaryo, Chrisna Adi Suryono, and Adi Santosa. "Kandungan Pigmen Fikobiliprotein dan Biomassa Mikroalga Chlorella vulgaris pada media dengan Salinitas Berbeda." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 2 (November 22, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i2.1736.
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Phyobilliprotein (phycocyanin and allophycocyanin) pigments content and biomass of Chlorella vulgarisare affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on phycobiliproteins pigment contents and biomass of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (p <0.05) on Phycobilliprotein pigment and biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments 1,4426 mg/gram and 1,254 mg/gram and biomass were 0,648 g/L respectively.Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris, salinity, Phycobilliprotein pigment, biomass. Kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein (fikosianin dan allofikosianin)dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliproteindan laju pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20, 25, 30, 35, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kandungan pigmen fikobiliprotein dan biomasa Chlorella vulgaris. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 1,4426 mg/gram, dan 1,254 mg/gram dan biomassa tertinggi yaitu 0,648 gr/L. Kata Kunci : Chlorella vulgaris, salinitas, pigmen fikobiliprotein, biomasa
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Dirgantara, Made, Karelius Karelius, and Marselin Devi Ariyanti, Sry Ayu K. Tamba. "Evaluasi Prediksi Higher Heating Value (HHV) Biomassa Berdasarkan Analisis Proksimat." Risalah Fisika 4, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35895/rf.v4i1.166.
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Abstrak – Biomassa merupakan salah satu energi terbarukan yang sangat mudah ditemui, ramah lingkungan dan cukup ekonomis. Keberadaan biomassa dapat dimaanfaatkan sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil, baik itu minyak bumi, gas alam maupun batu bara. Analisi diperlukan sebagai dasar biomassa sebagai energi seperti proksimat dan kalor. Analisis terpenting untuk menilai biomassa sebagai bahan bakar adalah nilai kalori atau higher heating value (HHV). HHV secara eksperimen diukur menggunakan bomb calorimeter, namun pengukuran ini kurang efektif, karena memerlukan waktu serta biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian mengenai prediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat telah dilakukan sehingga dapat mempermudah dan menghemat biaya yang diperlukan peneliti. Dalam makalah ini dibahas evaluasi persamaan untuk memprediksi HHV berdasarkan analisis proksimat pada biomassa berdasarkan data dari penelitian sebelumnya. Prediksi nilai HHV menggunakan lima persamaan yang dievaluasi dengan 25 data proksimat biomassa dari penelitian sebelumnya, kemudian dibandingkan berdasarkan nilai error untuk mendapatkan prediksi terbaik. Hasil analisis menunjukan, persamaan A terbaik di 7 biomassa, B di 6 biomassa, C di 6 biomassa, D di 5 biomassa dan E di 1 biomassa.Kata kunci: bahan bakar, biomassa, higher heating value, nilai error, proksimat Abstract – Biomass is a renewable energy that is very easy to find, environmentally friendly, and quite economical. The existence of biomass can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels, both oil, natural gas, and coal. Analyzes are needed as a basis for biomass as energy such as proximate and heat. The most critical analysis to assess biomass as fuel is the calorific value or higher heating value (HHV). HHV is experimentally measured using a bomb calorimeter, but this measurement is less effective because it requires time and high costs. Research on the prediction of HHV based on proximate analysis has been carried out so that it can simplify and save costs needed by researchers. In this paper, the evaluation of equations is discussed to predict HHV based on proximate analysis on biomass-based on data from previous studies. HHV prediction values using five equations were evaluated with 25 proximate biomass data from previous studies, then compared based on error value to get the best predictions. The analysis shows that Equation A predicts best in 7 biomass, B in 6 biomass, C in 6 biomass, D in 5 biomass, and E in 1 biomass. Key words: fuel, biomass, higher heating value, error value, proximate
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Namoua, Dilivia J., Adnan S. Wantasen, Khristin I. F. Kondoy, Rene Ch Kepel, Febry S. I. Menajang, and Wilmy Pelle. "Carbon Absorption in Seagrasses in Tongkaina Coastal Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i2.43485.
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This study was conducted to determine the types of seagrasses and calculate biomass and calculate how much carbon absorption in seagrasses was found in the location of Tongkaina Beach, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi. The sampling procedure in the field is the method of cruising surveys. A cruising survey is a sample collection method that is carried out by walking through the coastal area of all seagrasses found. After the sampling at the site is completed, the sample in the inventory is then photographed. The samples that have been obtained are analyzed in the laboratory using the loss on ignition (LOI) method. The results of the study on Tongkaina coastal waters covering an area of 25,000 meters with a coastal length of ±500 meters, in an area parallel to the coastline as wide as ±50 meters towards the sea and six types of seagrasses were obtained, namely: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, and Halodule pinifolia. The biomass in seagrasses found had an average value of 78.10% with the highest individual seagrass biomass found in seagrass type Enhalus acoroides with a biomass value of 87.23grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual and the lowest type of seagrass individual biomass value was found in seagrass type seagrass with a biomass value of 66.67grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual. The total carbon content calculated in the entire seagrass obtained was 46,0941gCKeywords: Tongkaina Beach; seagrasses; biomass; carbon absorptionAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun dan menghitung biomassa serta menghitung berapa serapan karbon pada lamun yang ditemukan dilokasi Perairan Pantai Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Prosedur pengambilan sampel di lapangan menggunakan metode survei jelajah. Survei jelajah adalah metode pengumpulan sampel yang di lakukan dengan cara menyusuri daerah pantai terhadap semua lamun yang ditemukan. Setelah pengambilan sampel di lokasi selesai, sampel di inventarisir kemudian difoto. Sampel yang telah diperoleh dianalisa di laboratorium dengan menggunakann metode loss on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian pada perairan pantai Tongkaina seluas 25.000 meter dengan panjang pantai ±500 meter sejajar garis pantai dan lebar ±50 meter ke arah laut. Ditemukan enam jenis lamun yaitu: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis dan Halodule pinifolia. Biomassa pada lamun yang ditemukan memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,53% dengan biomassa individu lamun tertinggi terdapat pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai biomassa mencapai 87,23gram berat kering (gbk)/individu dan nilai biomassa individu jenis lamun terendah terdapat pada lamun jenis Syringodium isoetifolium dengan nilai biomassa 66,67gram berat kering (gbk)/individu. Untuk total kandungan karbon yang dihitung pada keseluruhan lamun yang didapat sebesar 46,0941gC.Kata kunci: Pantai Tongkaina; Lamun; biomasa, serapan carbon
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Silva, Jaciely Gabriela Melo da, José Alberto Quintanilha, Carlos Henrique Grohmann, Danilo Ribeiro da Costa, José Douglas Monteiro da Costa, and José Mauro Santana da Silva. "Distribuição da Biomassa vegetal e sequestro de carbono na sub-bacia do Rio Pirajibu no município de Sorocaba/SP." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 16, no. 3 (June 5, 2023): 1647. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v16.3.p1647-1656.
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A estimativa de biomassa, com base em dados de sensoriamento desempenha um importante papel a respeito da quantificação da matéria vegetal, tanto de florestas primárias quanto de florestas secundárias ou fragmentadas. Por isso, o objetivo central deste trabalho é mostrar a distribuição da biomassa vegetal e o fluxo de carbono na sub-bacia do rio Pirajibu em Sorocaba/SP. Como objetivo específico classificar os níveis de biomassa de acordo com o algoritmo de aprendizado de máquina Random Forest. As classes escolhidas para o treinamento foram: “Muito alta biomassa”, “alta biomassa”, “média biomassa”, “baixa biomassa” e "muito baixa biomassa”. Foram obtidas 100 amostras de treinamento. A classificação supervisionada foi realizada pelo método Random Forest, com 10 árvores de decisão e 5.000 de variáveis que foram selecionadas e treinadas. A classe muito alta biomassa foi encontrada em 4.833,34 ha (10,52%), a classe alta foi identificada em 8.425,94 ha (18,34%), a classe média biomassa em 12.026,28 ha (26,18%), a baixa biomassa em 11.881,05 ha (25,87%) e muito baixa biomassa em 8.753,80 ha (19,06%). Foi avaliada a acurácia da classificação, a previsão de acurácia total chegou em 84%. Para o índice CO2Flux, se obteve os valores de -0,43 para as áreas sem vegetação (área urbana), valores na faixa de 0,19 a 0,23 representam áreas de pastagem mais degradadas e com solo exposto, já os maiores valores de fluxo de CO2 > 0,32 mostram uma maior concentração de estoque de carbono, são regiões com vegetação robusta e saudável. A distribuição da biomassa para as classes muito alta, alta e média pode ser ainda maior considerando outros reservatórios de carbono, como os reservatórios abaixo do solo.Palavras-chave: biomassa, sensoriamento remoto, random forest, CO2Flux. Plant biomass distribution and carbon sequestration in the Pirajibu River sub-basin in the municipality of Sorocaba/SPA B S T R A C TBiomass estimation, based on sensing data, plays an important role regarding the quantification of plant matter, both from primary forests and from secondary or fragmented forests. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to show the distribution of plant biomass and carbon flux in the Pirajibu River sub-basin in Sorocaba/SP. As a specific objective to classify the biomass levels according to the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The classes chosen for training were: “Very high biomass”, “high biomass”, “medium biomass”, “low biomass” and “very low biomass”. 100 training samples were obtained. The supervised classification was performed by the Random method Forest, with 10 decision trees and 5,000 variables that were selected and trained. The very high biomass class was found in 4,833.34 ha (10.52%), the high class was identified in 8,425.94 ha (18.34%), middle class biomass in 12,026.28 ha (26.18%), low biomass in 11,881.05 ha (25.87%) and very low biomass in 8,753.80 ha (19.06% The classification accuracy was evaluated, the total accuracy forecast reached 84%. For the CO2Flux index, values of -0.43 were obtained for areas without vegetation (urban area), values in the range of 0.19 at 0.23 represent more degraded pasture areas with exposed soil, whereas the higher values of CO2 flux > 0.32 show a higher concentration of carbon stock, they are regions with robust and healthy vegetation. The biomass distribution for the very high, high, and medium classes can be even greater considering other carbon pools, such as the underground pools.Keywords: biomass; remote sensing; random forest; CO2Flux.
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Dalla Lana, Mayara, Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira, José Antônio Aleixo da Silva, Gustavo Pereira Duda, Carlos Frederico Lins e Silva Brandão, and Anderson Francisco Da Silva. "BIOMASS EQUATIONS FOR CAATINGA SPECIES." Nativa 6, no. 5 (September 4, 2018): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v6i5.5361.
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EQUAÇÕES DE BIOMASSA PARA ESPÉCIES DA CAATINGA O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as proporções de fuste, galhos e folhas em relação a biomassa total seca acima do solo e ajustar modelos estatísticos para estimativa da biomassa das principais espécies arbustivo-arbóreas em uma área de Caatinga. O número de indivíduos abatidos e com a biomassa aérea total determinada foi de 15 para Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, Poincianella bracteosa e, de 30 para Bauhinia cheilantha e Croton heliotropiifolius. Para ajuste dos modelos foram utilizados os dados de biomassa total seca acima do solo coletados como variável dependente e as variáveis independentes foram o diâmetro à altura do peito e a altura total dos indivíduos por espécie. Foram testados oito modelos para cada uma das espécies e para todas as espécies agrupadas. Para a seleção da melhor equação utilizou-se os tradicionais critérios estatísticos. As proporções de biomassa das espécies foram quantificadas, tanto para os seus compartimentos, quanto para o total e apresentaram uma grande variação entre espécies e indivíduos da mesma espécie. Equações de biomassa aérea seca foram ajustadas com boas estatísticas de precisão, podendo ser utilizadas para a sua estimativa de biomassa de maneira confiável em regiões de Caatinga.Palavras-chave: Análise de regressão, diâmetro à altura do peito, altura total. ABSTRACT:The objective of this work was to determine the proportions of stem, branches and leaves in relation to total dry aboveground biomass and adjust statistical models to estimate the biomass of the main species in an area of Caatinga. The number of trees cut and with the determined total aboveground biomass was 15 for Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma pyrifolium, Cnidoscolus quercifolius, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, Mimosa tenuiflora, and Poincianella bracteosa, and 30 for Bauhinia cheilantha and Croton heliotropiifolius. The data of total dry aboveground biomass were used as dependent variables and the diameter at breast height and total height of individuals per species were used as the independent variables for adjusting the models. Eight models were tested for each species and for all grouped species. Traditional statistical criteria was used for selecting the best equation. The proportions of the species were quantified for both their biomass compartments and for the total biomass, showing great variation between species and individuals of the same species. Dry aboveground biomass equations were developed with good precision statistics and can therefore be used for estimating biomass in Caatinga regions.Keywords: Regression analysis, diameter at breast height, total height.
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Llamas, J. C. Emmanuel G., Lilibeth A. Bucol, and Billy T. Wagey. "STANDING-STOCK BIOMASS AND DIVERSITY OF Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) IN SOLONG-ON, SIQUIJOR ISLAND, PHILIPPINES." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 18, no. 2 (October 13, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.18.2.2018.20821.
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ABSTRAKSpesies Caulerpa yang tumbuh di perairan dangkal sampai dilaut dalam dianggap sebagai gangguan ekonomi dan penting. Meskipun invasif di daerah beriklim sedang, spesies Caulerpa terutama C. racemosa dan C. lentillifera (lato) dipanen dan dikonsumsi sebagai makanan, terutama di Filipina. Komunitas Caulerpa di Solong-on, Siquijor adalah salah satu sumber untuk ekspor ke kota tetangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stok tegakan biomassa saat ini, prosentase dan keragaman Caulerpa di Solong-on, serta untuk menentukan parameter lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keragamannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total delapan spesies Caulerpa diidentifikasi di komunitas Caulerpa dangkal di Solong-on, Siquijor. Biomasa yang memiliki stok tertinggi diperoleh oleh C. cupressoides dengan biomassa rata-rata 26,16 ± 2,44 (SE) g berat kering/m-2, sedangkan C. microphysa memiliki biomassa stok yang berdiri paling sedikit dengan rata-rata 9,16 ± 0,26 g berat kering/m-2. Secara umum, total biomassa stok berdiri untuk semua spesies yang diperoleh selama periode sampling adalah 132,57 ± 2,06 g berat kering/m-2. Indeks keragaman Shannon-Wiener (H ') berkisar dari 1,7-2 yang menunjukkan komunitas Caulerpa yang relatif beragam. Analisis korespondensi kanonik (CCA) mengungkapkan bahwa suhu dan jenis substrat adalah pendorong utama biomassa Caulerpa.Kata Kunci: biomassa, Caulerpa, tutupan, makroalga, parameter fisika-kimia ABSTRACTCaulerpa species growing on shallow to deep waters are considered to be both economically nuisance and important. Although invasive in the temperate regions, Caulerpa species mainly C. racemosa and C. lentillifera (lato) are harvested and consumed as food, especially in the Philippines. Caulerpa communities in Solong-on, Siquijor are one of the sources for export to neighbouring municipalities. This study aimed to determine the present standing stock biomass, percent cover and diversity of Caulerpa in Solong-on, as well as to determine the environmental parameters that may affect its abundance and diversity. The results showed a total of eight species of Caulerpa were identified in the shallow Caulerpa community in Solong-on, Siquijor. The highest standing stock biomass was obtained by C. cupressoides with mean biomass of 26.16±2.44 (SE) g dry wt m-2, whereas C. microphysa has the least standing stock biomass with an average mean of 9.16±0.26 g dry wt m-2. In general, the total standing stock biomass for all species obtained throughout the sampling period was 132.57±2.06 g dry wt m-2. Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.7-2 suggesting a relatively diverse Caulerpa community. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that temperature and type of substrate were the main drivers of Caulerpa biomass.Key Words: biomass, Caulerpa, cover, macroalgae, physic-chemical parameters
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Abdulaziz, Rasyid, Sri Widodo Agung Suedy, and Munifatul Izzati. "Pertambahan Biomassa dan Produksi Minyak Atsiri Tanaman Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) pada Usia Panen yang Berbeda." Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/baf.6.2.2021.124-130.
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Selasih (Ocimum basilicum L.) memiliki kandungan minyak atsiri yang dapat digunakan dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, dan medis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan usia panen dengan biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri pada organ daun serta batang selasih. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial, dengan faktor pertama usia panen (1; 1,5; dan 2 bulan), dan faktor kedua organ tanaman (daun dan batang). Media tanam menggunakan tanah dan kompos (1:1) yang dimasukkan dalam polibag ukuran 30cm x 30cm, dan diberi naungan paranet 25%. Parameter yang diamati: data pertumbuhan (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan cabang primer), biomassa, dan produksi minyak atsiri. Analisis data menggunakan Anaylysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan Duncan's Multiple Range Test(DMRT) pada taraf kepercayaan 95 %. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa tanaman yang dipanen pada umur lebih tua menunjukkan pertumbuhan, biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri yang lebih tinggi. Pada usia 1,5 bulan, biomassa meningkat 114,485% dibanding usia 1 bulan, sedangkan pada usia 2 bulan, peningkatan biomasa 91,410% dibanding usia1,5 bulan. Produksi minyak atsiri tertinggi dihasilkan oleh organ daun pada usia panen 2 bulan sebesar 0,273g, dan 0,023g pada organ batang. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia panen berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap biomassa dan produksi minyak atsiri tanaman selasih. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) contains essential oils that can be used in the cosmetic, perfume, medical industries. This study aims to determine the relationship between harvest age and biomass and essential oil production in basil leaves and stems. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial pattern, with the first factor being harvest age (1; 1.5; and 2 months), and the second factor being plant organs (leaves and stems). The planting medium used soil and compost (1:1) which was put in 30cm x 30cm polybags and was given a 25% para net shade. Parameters observed: growth data (plant height, number of leaves, and primary branches), biomass, and essential oil production. Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 95% confidence level. Research shows that plants harvested at an older age show higher growth, biomass, and essential oil production. At the age of 1.5 months, biomass increased by 114.485% compared to the age of 1 month, while at the age of 2 months, the increase in biomass was 91.410% compared to the age of 1.5 months. The highest essential oil production was produced by leaf organs at 2 months of harvesting at 0.273g, and 0.023g in stem organs. The conclusion of this study showed that different harvest ages had a significant effect on the biomass and essential oil production of basil plants.
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ARMELIA, ADELA, IRA NURHAYATI DJAROT, ARI KABUL PAMINTO, IFFAH NURFAIZ, NUHA, and TITIN HANDAYANI. "Analisis Limbah Media Zarrouk Modifikasi yang Digunakan untuk Budidaya Spirulina platensis dan Analisis Kualitas Biomassanya sebagai Bahan Pangan Fungsional." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 24, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2023.300.
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ABSTRACT Food is a basic human need with nutritional value for the body's needs. Food in this modern era is growing rapidly, so consumers think of choosing food for their body needs and health effects. There is a world fact that most countries experience a food shortage crisis that causes the emergence of a disease, namely kwashiorkor, which experiences protein deficiency. This crisis can be solved by providing functional foods that contain high protein. One type of food that contains much high protein is Spirulina platensis. This microalga can be cultivated in media containing nutrients from inorganic fertilizers commonly used for plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the waste of modified Zarrouk media and to analyze the quality of Spirulina platensis biomass as a functional food ingredient grown on the modified media. The stages of this research included collecting data on the production process of Spirulina platensis, sampling Spirulina platensis biomass, and analyzing the quality test of the biomass and Spirulina platensis media waste. Laboratory tests for biomass consist of metal contamination, dyes, bacterial contamination, and proximate (moisture content, ash content, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein). In contrast, the lab tests for the media consist of media samples before and after being used for cultivation. The results of the Spirulina platensis biomass quality test showed that it met the requirements as a functional food ingredient, and the media waste was not harmful to the environment. ABSTRAK Pangan di era modern ini semakin berkembang dengan cepat, sehingga konsumen memilih makanan tidak hanya untuk kebutuhan tubuh saja tetapi memberikan efek kesehatan. Adanya fakta dunia bahwa sebagian besar negara mengalami krisis kekurangan pangan hingga menyebabkan munculnya penyakit yaitu kwarsiokor, di mana mengalami kekurangan protein. Krisis ini bisa diselesaikan dengan cara memberikan makanan fungsional yang mengandung protein tinggi. Salah satu jenis makanan yang banyak mengandung protein tinggi yaitu mikroalga Spirulina platensis. Mikroalga ini dapat dibudidayakan pada media yang mengandung nutrisi dari pupuk anorganik yang biasa digunakan untuk tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis limbah media Zarrouk modifikasi dan menganalisis kualitas biomasa Spirulina platensis sebagai bahan pangan fungsional yang dibudidaya pada media modifikasi tersebut. Tahapan penelitian ini mencakup pengambilan data proses produksi Spirulina platensis, pengambilan sampel biomassa Spirulina platensis, dan menganalisis uji kualitas biomasa serta limbah media Spirulina platensis. Uji laboratorium untuk biomasa terdiri dari cemaran logam, zat warna, cemaran bakteri, dan proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, lemak kasar, serat kasar dan protein kasar). Sedangkan uji lab untuk media terdiri dari sampel media sebelum dan setelah digunakan budidaya. Hasil uji kualitas biomassa Spirulina platensis tersebut menunjukkan syarat sebagai bahan pangan fungsional, limbah media yang digunakan untuk produksi biomassa tidak berdampak pada lingkungan.
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Mognon, Francelo, Aurélio Lourenço Rodrigues, Carlos Roberto Sanquetta, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Adalberto Brito De Novaes, and Christopher Thomas Blum. "ALOCAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DA BIOMASSA EM Dendrocalamus asper." FLORESTA 45, no. 1 (August 7, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i1.35094.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a biomassa seca total individual de plantas de bambu da espécie Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, visando conhecer a sua distribuição nos diferentes compartimentos, bem como avaliar modelos de biomassa em função de variáveis biométricas das plantas. Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos, coletados em Bauru, SP. As plantas amostradas foram medidas, abatidas e pesadas. A maior fração da biomassa foi observada na parte aérea, com 86%, sendo 64% para o compartimento colmo, 16% para os galhos e 6% para as folhas. Os rizomas representaram 14% da biomassa total. As variáveis biométricas (diâmetro à altura do peito – DAP, altura total – ht e diâmetro de colo – Dcolo) correlacionaram-se significativamente com as biomassas total e do colmo. O modelo que apresentou o melhor desempenho para a biomassa total teve como variável independente apenas o DAP, enquanto que para a biomassa dos colmos foi a variável combinada dap0,5*lndap. Os ajustes para os demais compartimentos não geraram resultados satisfatórios, em função da baixa correlação entre as variáveis biométricas e suas biomassas. Concluiu-se que é possível expressar a biomassa seca total e do colmo do bambu por meio de modelos alométricos, porém o mesmo não se aplica aos demais compartimentos.Palavras-chave: Bambu; fitomassa; modelos alométricos. AbstractAllocation and modeling of biomass of Dendrocalamus asper. The aim of this research was to quantify the total individual biomass of bamboo plants of the species Dendrocalamus asper (Schult. & Schult. f.) Backer ex K. Heyne, in order to understand its distribution along different compartments, as well as evaluat biomass models according to biometric variables. Twenty individuals collected in Bauru, SP were evaluated. The plants were measured, cut and weighed. The aboveground biomass accounted for the major fraction, representing 86%. The stem compartment represented 64% of total biomass, followed by the branches, with 16% and leaves, with 6%. Rhizomes accounted for 14% of the total biomass. The biometric variables (diameter at breast height - dbh, total height – ht, and collar diameter - dcollar) were significantly correlated with total and stem biomass. The model that revealed best performance for total biomass had only dap as independent variable, for the stems biomass the combined variable was dap0,5*lndap. The adjustments for other compartments were not satisfactory due to low correlation between the biometric variables and their biomass. As conclusion, it is possible to express the total dry stem biomass and culm mass of bamboo using allometric models, however, the same does not apply to other compartments.Keywords: Bamboo; phytomass; allometric models.
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Brand, Martha Andreia, and Guilherme Giesel. "INFLUÊNCIA DA SECAGEM DA BIOMASSA NA EFICIÊNCIA DE CALDEIRA DE COGERAÇÃO ENERGÉTICA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 2 (November 27, 2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n2p132-140.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação do efeito da instalação de um secador de biomassa sobre o desempenho de duas caldeiras de biomassa e sobre o consumo de combustíveis auxiliares em uma indústria de celulose e papel. Foram utilizados os registros históricos: de consumo de óleo BPF 3A, piche e biomassa nas caldeiras; da produção de vapor; e dos teores de umidade da biomassa na entrada e saída de um secador rotativo, no período de 2012 a 2015. O secador promoveu uma redução de 9,5% no teor de umidade da biomassa utilizada para geração de energia na indústria, em relação ao ano anterior, antes da instalação do equipamento. A diminuição do teor de umidade na biomassa obtida no secador tipo rotativo propiciou benefícios diferenciados nos dois equipamentos analisados. Na caldeira mais antiga (CF8), a redução do teor de umidade no combustível contribuiu para aumentar a produção de vapor. A secagem não alterou a eficiência energética da biomassa (toneladas de vapor / toneladas de biomassa), mas contribuiu para a redução no consumo de combustíveis auxiliares na caldeira. Na caldeira mais moderna (CF9), o uso da biomassa com menor teor de umidade não promoveu variação significativa na produção de vapor, mas contribui para o aumento de sua eficiência energética, sem haver redução significativa no consumo de combustíveis auxiliares. As especificidades operacionais em cada caldeira analisada também contribuíram para o comportamento diferenciando entre os dois equipamentos com relação ao uso de biomassa com menor teor de umidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Secador rotativo; eficiência energética; teor de umidade.INFLUENCE OF BIOMASS DRYING IN ENERGY COGENERATION BOILER EFFICIENCYABSTRACT: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of a biomass dryer on the performance of two biomass boilers and on the auxiliary fuels consumption in a pulp and paper industry. Historical records from 2012 to 2015 from the following variables were used: consumption of BPF 3A oil, tar and biomass in the boilers; steam production; biomass moisture content at the entrance and exit of a rotaive dryer. The dryer promoted a reduction of 9.5% in the moisture content of the biomass used for power generation, prior to installation of the equipment. The reduction of the biomass moisture content obtained in the rotative drier provided differentiated benefits to both analyzed equipments. In the older boiler (CF8), reducing the moisture content in the fuel contributed to increase steam production. The drying process did not change the biomass energy efficiency (tonnes of steam / ton of biomass), but contributed to auxiliary fuels consumption reduction. In the most modern boiler (CF9), the use of biomass with lower moisture content did not promote significant variation in steam production, but contributed to the increase of its energy efficiency, without a significant reduction in the consumption of auxiliary fuels. The operational specificities in each analyzed boiler also contributed to the behavior differentiating between the two equipments in relation to the use of biomass with lower moisture content.KEYWORDS: rotative dryer; energy efficiency; moisture content.
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Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Sri Astutik, Zaenal Mutaqien, Didik Widyatmoko, and Endah Sulistyawati. "Hiperdominansi Jenis dan Biomassa Pohon di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jik.24903.
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Hiperdominansi jenis dan biomassa adalah suatu konsep yang menjelaskan pentingnya sebagian kecil jenis dan biomassa relatif terhadap rata-rata biomassa pohon pada suatu kawasan hutan. Pemahaman pada konsep ini berimplikasi pada upaya monitoring kawasan hutan khususnya bagi spesies penyumbang biomassa terbesar dan membantu pemahaman pada proses restorasi ekologinya. Analisis hiperdominansi jenis dan kontribusi pohon besar (DBH>50 cm) terhadap biomassa pohon telah dilakukan di kawasan hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP). Sejumlah 26 plot pengamatan telah dibuat pada 26 level ketinggian yang berbeda (1013-3010 m dpl) dan dikelompokkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona submontana, montana, dan subalpine. Pohon-pohon yang terdapat dalam plot pengamatan kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok diameter yaitu pohon kecil (5-30 cm), pohon sedang (30-50 cm), dan pohon besar (>50 cm). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa hiperdominansi jenis terjadi di hutan TNGGP. Empat jenis pohon dari 114 jenis yang teridentifikasi yaitu Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, dan Castanopsis acuminatissima merepresentasikan 56,96% dari total biomassa pohon yang ada di plot TNGGP. Lebih lanjut, pohon kecil dan besar diketahui sebagai penyumbang biomassa yang sangat signifikan dibandingkan pohon sedang. Pada level plot penelitian, pohon dengan DBH>50 cm yang berjumlah 192 individu (atau 13%) dari 1471 individu pohon mampu merepresentasikan 61,4% dari total biomassanya. Namun demikian, pada level kawasan hutan, pohon kecil dan pohon besar memiliki kontribusi yang sama signifikannya terhadap biomassa per hektarnya yaitu masing-masing sebesar 40,9% dan 38,77%. Hasil-hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hanya sedikit jenis pohon saja mampu merepresentasikan sebagian besar dari total biomassa pohon. Pohon-pohon kecil dan besar diketahui memainkan peranan yang penting dalam biomassa di hutan TNGGP.Hyperdominance of Tree Species and Biomass in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, IndonesiaAbstractThe hyperdominance of tree species and biomass is a concept explaining the importance of a small portion of species and biomass relative to the average of biomass in a forested area. Understanding this concept has important implication on forest monitoring, especially to monitor the most significant species that show high contributes on biomass and its ecological restoration. Hyperdominance analysis of tree species and large trees (DBH > 50 cm) contribution to tree biomass were investigated in tropical mountain forest of Mount Gede Pangrango National Park (TNGGP). A total of 26 sample plots were installed in 26 different altitude between 1013 and 3010 m asl and grouped into three zones i.e. submontane, montane, and subalpine zones. Trees within plot were identified, measured, and grouped into three groups i.e. small (DBH 5-30 cm), medium (DBH 30-50 cm), and large trees (DBH>50 cm). The result showed that there were hyperdominant in TNGGP. Four species from 114 identified tree species i.e. Schima wallichii, Altingia excelsa, Vaccinium varingiaefolium, and Castanopsis acuminatissima represented 56.96% of the total biomass in the plot level. Furthermore, only 13% of trees from 1471 trees responsible for 61.4% of the total tree biomass in the plot level. However, small and large trees have similar significant contribution to the average biomass in the forest level i.e. 40.9% and 38.77%, respectively. These results suggest that only few species represent a huge amount of biomass. Both small and large trees play important role in the forest biomass of TNGGP.
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Pratiwi, Galih, Bandi Sasmito, and Nurhadi Bashit. "ANALISIS PREDIKSI NILAI BIOMASSA ATAS PERMUKAAN (ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS) POHON KARET MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SENTINEL-1A TERHADAP USIA TEGAKAN." Elipsoida : Jurnal Geodesi dan Geomatika 4, no. 01 (September 15, 2021): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/elipsoida.2021.11482.
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Jumlah cadangan karbon dapat diketahui berdasarkan nilai biomassa hutan yang ada didalamnya sehingga diperlukan informasi alokasi biomasa setiap bagian pohon agar membantu program pemantauan cadangan karbon hutan, diantaranya informasi biomassa atas permukaan. Biomassa atas permukaan memiliki kontribusi paling besar dari biomassa total, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan usia suatu pohon memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai biomassa yang dihasilkan. Perhitungan nilai biomassa yang akurat hanya dilakukan dengan metode destruktif atau non-destruktif sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk menghitung nilai biomassa dalam cakupan yang luas sehingga penggunaan metode penginderaan jauh dan pemodelan merupakan langkah yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi nilai biomassa atas permukaan (Above Ground Biomass atau AGB) pohon karet berdasarkan usia tegakan pohon menggunakan metode Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan bahwa usia memiliki hubungan dengan nilai biomassa atas permukaan ditunjukkan nilai R2 = 0,694. Hasil pemodelan antara backscatter VH dan VV Sentinel-1A dengan biomassa lapangan didapatkan persamaan Y= 20,034*VH + 15,308*VV + 523,305 (R2=0,592). Hasil total prediksi nilai biomassa atas permukaan kebun karet Afdelling Setro sebesar 84.158,840 ton dengan luas 702 ha.
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Martiani, Erni, Murad, and Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra. "Modification and Test Performance of Rack Type Hybrid (Solar-Biomass) Dryer." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2017): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v5i1.45.
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This study aimed to modify biomass furnaces source of heat energy from the combustion of biomass, study thermal energy generated from combination of solar and biomass energy, and determine efficiency of furnaces and efficiency of total system of a rack type hybrid (solar-biomass) dryer. Method used in this research was experimental method. Used fuel was coconut shell charcoal and used tools include iron plate, blower, pipe, grinding and welding tools, thermometer, anemometer, lux meter, data logger and analytical balance. Observed parameters were temperature, air humidity, sun radiation, velocity and flow rate of hot air towards the drying chamber, drying period, energy loss and energy produced inside the furnace. Modification made by adding drawer shaped biomass furnace with 0.65 m length, 0.65 m wide and 0.25 m height. The furnace was equipped with a chimney and blower. Results from the test performance showed that this tool yield total heat loss of 18,173.15 KJ at the upright furnace wall. Whereas heat loss at furnace floor was 4380.899 KJ. Energy consumption was 151,602.064 for solar energy and 48,399.4 KJ for biomass energy, with total drying energy generated by solar energy and biomass i.e. 200,001 KJ. Efficiency value of the drying system was 19% with 30% furnace efficiency.
Keywords: Hybrid dryer, heat loss, biomass furnaces
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodifikasi tungku biomassa sebagai tempat sumber energi panas dari pembakaran biomassa, mempelajari energi panas yang dihasilkan oleh kombinasi energi surya dan energi biomassa, dan mengetahui efisiensi tungku dan efisiensi total sistem pada alat pengering hybrid (surya-biomassa) tipe rak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode eksperimental. Bahan bakar yang digunakan yaitu arang tempurung kelapa dan alat yang digunakan antara lain plat besi, blower, pipa, gerinda, las, thermometer, anemometer, lux meter, data logger, dan timbangan analitik. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari suhu, kelembaban udara, radiasi matahari, kecepatan aliran udara panas menuju ruang pengering, debit aliran udara menuju ruang pengering, lama waktu pengeringan, kehilangan energi pada tungku dan energi yang dihasilkan. Modifikasi yang dilakukan adalah menambahkan tungku biomassa yang berbentuk seperti laci dengan ukuran panjang 0,65 m, lebar 0,65 m dan tinggi 0,25 m. Tungku ini dilengkapi dengan cerobong asap dan blower. Hasil pengujian alat ini diperoleh total kehilangan panas pada dinding tegak tungku 18.173,15 KJ, sedangkan kehilangan panas pada lantai tungku 4.380,899 KJ. Konsumsi penggunaan energi, yaitu energi surya 151.602,064 KJ dan energi biomassa 48.399,4 KJ dengan total energi pengeringan yang dihasilkan oleh energi surya dan biomassa sebesar 200.001 KJ. Nilai efisiensi sistem pengeringan yang dihasilkan yaitu 19% dengan efisiensi tungku 30%.
Kata kunci: alat pengering Hybrid, kehilangan panas, tungku biomassa
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Kažimírová, V., and R. Opáth. "Biomass combustion emissions." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, Special Issue (December 30, 2016): S61—S65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/69/2015-rae.
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The paper deals with gaseous emissions generated in biomass combustion in water boilers. It provides results of analyses of gaseous emissions and boiler efficiency in combustion of branches of apple trees from spring pruning, spruce cuttings and corn cobs obtained from kernel harvest. Measurements were done in laboratory conditions. Average CO emission values observed in combustion were from 334.7 to 650.18 mg/m<sup>3</sup> and average NO<sub>x</sub> emission values were low, between 50.1 and 157.2 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Boiler efficiency in applewood combustion was lower – this was caused by its higher moisture.
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Mawardi, M., Edison Munaf, Soleh Kosela, and Widayanti Wibowo. "PEMISAHAN ION KROM(III) DAN KROM(IV) DALAM LARUTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BIOMASSA ALGA HIJAU SPIROGYRA SUBSALSA SEBAGAI BIOSORBEN." Reaktor 15, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.15.1.27-36.
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Karakteristik pemisahan ion Cr3+ dan Cr6+ dalam larutan melalui proses biosorpsi menggunakan biomassa alga hijau Spirogyra subsalsa dengan sistem batch telah diteliti. Dalam pelaksanaannya diawali dengan melakukan analisis kualitatif gugus fungsi dalam biomassa menggunakan instrumen FTIR, kemudian dipelajari karakteristik pengaruh variabel pH awal larutan, ukuran partikel biosorben, kecepatan pengadukan, pengaruh pemanasan biosorben, laju penyerapan, pengaruh konsentrasi larutan ion logam terhadap kapasitas serapan biomassa alga. Berdasarkan spektra spektroskopi FTIR dapat disimpulkan bahwa biomassa alga hijau S. Subsalsa mengandung gugus-gugus karboksilat, amina, amida, amino, karbonil dan hidroksil, disamping adanya senyawa silikon, belerang dan fosfor. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa kapasitas biosorpsi sangat dipengaruhi oleh pH larutan, waktu kontak dan konsentrasi awal larutan. Biosorpsi optimum kation Cr3+ terjadi pada pH 4,0 sedangkan ion Cr6+ terjadi pada pH 2,0 kemudian berkurang dejalan dengan naiknya pH larutan. Perhitungan dengan persamaan Isoterm Langmuir diperoleh data kapasitas serapan maksimum biomassa alga S. subsalsa untuk masing-masing ion Cr3+ dan Cr6+ adalah 1,82 mg (0,035 mmol) dan 1,51 mg (0,029 mmol) per gram biomassa kering. Kinetika biosorpsi berlangsung relatif cepat, dimana selama selang waktu 30 menit, masing-masing ion terserap sekitar 95,7%; dan 86,5%. Daya serap biomassa juga dipengaruhi kecepatan pengadukan, sedangkan faktor ukuran partikel dan pemanasan biosorben kurang mempengaruhi daya serap biomassa. Key Word : biosorpsi, spirogyra subsalsa, krom(III), krom(VI), sistem batchAbstract Separation of Ion Chromium(III) and Chromium(IV) In Solution Using Green Algae Biomass Spirogyra subsalsa as Biosorbent. The characteristics of Cr3+andCr6+ ion separation in solution through biosorption process using green algal biomass Spirogyrasubsalsa with batch systems have been investigated. The study began with aqualitative analysis of functional groups in biomass using FTIR instrument, then followed by a study of the characteristics of influences by several variables, such as: the initial pH of the solution,the size of biosorben particles, stirring speed, the effect of heating the biosorben, the rate of absorption, and the effect of metal ion concentration in solution on the absorption capacity of algal biomass. Based on FTIR spectroscopy spectra gave a conclusion that biomass of green algae S.subsalsa contains carboxylate groups, amine, amide, amino, carbonyl and hydroxyl, in addition to silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus compounds. The results showed that the biosorption capacity was strongly influenced by pH, contact time, and initial concentration ofthe solution. The optimum biosorption of Cr3+cation occurred at pH 4.0 while that of Cr6+ions occurred at pH 2.0 and then decreased with the increasing pH of solution. The calculation of Langmuir isotherm equation showed that the maximum absorption capacity of algal biomass S.subsalsa for Cr3+and Cr6+ ion respectively was 1.82mg (0.035 mmol) and 1.51 mg (0.029 mmol) pergram of dry biomass. The kinetics of biosorption took place relatively quick, in which during the 30minutes time interval, each ion was absorbed approximately 95.7%; and 86.5%. The absorptive capacity of biomass was also influenced by stirring speed, while the size of particles and heating biosorben gave lessinfluence to the absorption of biomass.
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Martínez-Daranas, Beatriz, Rubén Cabrera, and Fabián Pina-Amargós. "SPATIAL AND SEASONAL VARIABILITY OF THALASSIA TESTUDINUM IN NUEVITAS BAY, CUBA." Revista Ciencias Marinas y Costeras 1 (December 11, 2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/revmar.1.1.
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A study was carried out on biomass, shoot density and leaf production variability in three Thalassia testudinum meadows under different environmental characteristics in Nuevitas Bay, Cuba, in different seasons. The first site has muddy-sandy sediments and it is affected by bottom trawl fishing; the second has sandy sediments and it is affected by waste-water discharges, and the third has sandy-muddy sediments and no human impacts are present. Leaf, rhizome, and root biomass, daily production of leaves, density of short shoots, and length and width of leaves were estimated five times in a year. Seasonal variations were observed, with higher values of leaf and rhizome biomass, short shoot density, and daily production of leaves occurring in spring and summer. Spatial differences seem to be related to the environmental characteristics of each site: Leaf daily production, leaf biomass and leaf length were lower, and root biomass was higher in the site where sediments are impacted by fishing with bottom trawls; short shoot density and rhizome biomass were higher in the nonaffected site. Lower values of root biomass appeared where waste-water discharges occurred.Se realizó un estudio de la variación de la biomasa, la densidad de vástagos y la producción de hojas en tres praderas de Thalassia testudinum con diferentes características ambientales en la bahía de Nuevitas, Cuba, en diferentes épocas del año. El primer sitio tiene sedimentos fango-arenosos y está afectado por pesquería de arrastre; en el segundo, el sedimento es arenoso y se vierten aguas residuales en su cercanía, y el tercero, con sedimentos arenoso-fangosos, no está afectado por impactos antropogénicos. La biomasa de hojas, rizomas y raíces, la producción diaria de hojas, la densidad de vástagos, y el largo y ancho de las hojas fueron estimadas cinco veces en un año. Se observaron variaciones estacionales, con los valores más altos de biomasa de hojas y de rizomas, densidad de vástagos y de la producción diaria de hojas en primavera y verano. Las variaciones espaciales parecen estar relacionadas con las características de cada sitio: La producción diaria de hojas, la biomasa de hojas y su longitud fueron menores, y la biomasa de raíces mayor, donde los sedimentos están impactados por la pesquería con arrastre; la densidad de vástagos y la biomasa de rizomas fueron mayores en el sitio no afectado por ninguna acción antrópica. Los menores valores de la biomasa de raíces aparecieron donde se realiza la descarga de residuales.
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Riyanto, Hendi, Toto Hardianto, Willy Adriansyah, and Gavriel Y. Jeffry. "Studi Termodinamika Pembakaran Kombinasi Batu Bara dan Biomassa Limbah." JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v5i2.13903.
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Pembakaran bersama batubara dan biomassa di pembangkit listrik tenaga batubara yang ada sedang dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif yang layak untuk transisi pemanfaatan energi yang tidak terbarukan ke terbarukan. Dalam hal ini, berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan dalam dua puluh tahun terakhir, yang sebagian besar kesimpulan umum adalah bahwa efisiensi boiler menurun sehubungan dengan peningkatan persentase biomassa dalam co-firing, namun studi tambahan dianggap diperlukan, terutama untuk limbah biomassa yang melimpah di Indonesia. Biomassa limbah yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), sekam padi, dan wood pellet yang dihasilkan dari serbuk gergaji. Karakteristik termodinamika pembakaran co-firing yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), emisi CO2 pembakaran, dan temperatur nyala adiabatik. Sebuah open source Cool Prop formulasi sifat termodinamika diimplementasikan untuk mengevaluasi sifat termodinamika bahan yang sesuai yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa AFR menurun dengan bertambahnya komposisi biomassa dalam bahan bakar, dimana laju perubahan masing-masing AFR per persen biomassa adalah -0,018, -0,0406, dan -0,026 untuk campuran batubara-TKKS, batubara-sekam padi, dan batubara-kayu. Adapun karakteristik AFR, emisi karbon dioksida menurun dengan meningkatnya persen massa biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar. Laju perubahan CO2 sehubungan dengan persen biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar adalah masing-masing -6.3x10-3, -1.12x10-2, dan -6.48x10-3 untuk campuran batubara-TKKS, batubara-sekam padi, dan batubara-kayu. Suhu nyala adiabatik juga menurun sehubungan dengan peningkatan persentase massa biomassa dalam komposisi bahan bakar. Laju perubahan suhu nyala adiabatik dalam K/%biomassa berturut-turut adalah -13,93, -10,70, dan -12,81 untuk campuran TKKS batubara, sekam padi, dan kayu batubara.Co-firing of coal and biomass in an existing coal fired power plant is being considered as a viable alternative to transition from non-renewable-to-renewable energy utilization. In this regard, various researches have been conducted in the last twenty years, in most of which the general conclusion is that the boiler efficiency decreases with respect to increasing biomass percentage in co-firing, nonetheless, additional study is deemed to be required, especially for waste biomass which are abundantly available in Indonesia. The waste biomass to be employed in this study are palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), rice husk, and wood pellet produced from sawdust. Co-firing combustion thermodynamic characteristics which are to be deployed in this study are air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), combustion CO2 emission, and adiabatic flame temperature. An open source CoolProp of thermodynamics properties formulations were implemented in order to evaluate thermodynamic properties of corresponding materials involved in this study. The results of the study show that AFR decreases with increasing biomass composition in the fuel, where the AFR rate of change per percent of biomassa are -0.018, -0.0406, and -0.026 for blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively. As to the AFR characteristic, the emission of carbon dioxide is decreasing with increasing percent mass of biomass in the fuel composition. The CO2 rate of change with respect to percent biomass in fuel composition are -6.3x10-3, -1.12x10-2, and -6.48x10-3 for the blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively. The adiabatic flame temperature is also decreasing with respect to increasing biomass mass percentage in fuel composition. The adiabatic flame temperature rate of change in K/%biomass are -13.93, -10.70, and -12.81 for the blend of coal-EFB, coal-rice husk, and coal-wood, respectively.
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Brand, Martha Andreia, Luciane Costa De Oliveira, Stephenson Ramalho Lacerda, Eliseu Rossato Toniolo, Geraldo Leal Junior, and Ricardo C. Barreto Campello. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA VEGETAÇÃO DA CAATINGA DO SUL DO PIAUÍ PARA GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA." FLORESTA 45, no. 3 (March 9, 2015): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i3.27753.
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O manejo sustentável da caatinga é fundamental para a preservação desse ecossistema e manutenção das populações rurais. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a vegetação de uma área de caatinga localizada no sul do Piauí, visando a sua utilização para a geração de energia. Em 32 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, foram realizados o inventário florestal, para a quantificação da biomassa (troncos sem galhos) e a caracterização da vegetação, sendo identificadas 70 espécies, distribuídas em 19 famílias. A quantidade de biomassa produzida na área foi em média de 164 t/ha ou 153 m3/ha. A vegetação apresentou ainda altura média de 5,6 m, com 4205 indivíduos/ha. A floresta tem densidade populacional alta, com predominância de indivíduos com diâmetro pequeno (52% da população entre 2 a 5 cm de diâmetro). A maior quantidade de biomassa está concentrada nas classes diamétricas superiores a 10 cm (84% do total de biomassa úmida). A alta diversidade diamétrica requer tratamento especial da biomassa para geração de energia. De forma geral, a quantidade de biomassa gerada na área de estudo é alta e com grande potencial para a geração de energia.AbstractCharacterization of caatinga vegetation in NE Brazil for power generation. The sustainable management of the savanna is fundamental to the preservation of this ecosystem and maintenance of rural populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the vegetation of an area of savanna located in southern Piauí, aiming its use for power generation. Thirty-two plots of 20 m x 20 m were deployed. Forest inventory of plots were performed for the quantification of biomass (branchless trunks) and characterization of vegetation. Seventy species, divided into nineteen families were identified. The amount of biomass produced in the area averaged 164 t/ha or 153 m3/h. The vegetation still had an average height of 5.6 m, with 4205 trees / ha. The forest has a high population density, with a predominance of individuals with small diameter (52% of the population between 2-5 cm in diameter). The largest amount of biomass is concentrated in the upper 10 cm diameter classes (84% of wet biomass). The high diametric diversity requires special treatment of biomass for power generation. In general, the amount of biomass generated in the study area is high, with great potential for power generation.Keyword: Biomass; firewood; floristic survey; inventory.
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Sujak, Sujak, Dwi Adi Sunarto, and Subiyakto Subiyakto. "Pengaruh Penambahan Biomassa di Lahan Kering terhadap Diversitas Arthropoda Tanah dan Produktivitas Tebu." Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri 10, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/btsm.v10n1.2018.21-30.
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<p>Program pengembangan tebu saat ini diarahkan ke lahan kering yang memiliki ketersediaan air dan kesuburan tanah terbatas. Kondisi lahan kering dapa menjadi pembatas produktvitas tebu. Penambahan biomassa ke lahan dapat meningkatkan kesuburan dan populasi arthropoda tanah/detrivora. Penelitian penambahan biomassa <em>Crotalaria juncea </em> pada lahan kering dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo mulai bulan Januari–Juli 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisa pengaruh penambahan biomassa pada lahan kering terhadap diversitas arthropoda tanah dan pengaruhnya terhadap produksi tebu. Perlakuan terdiri atas lahan dengan penambahan biomassa (serasah tebu dan pupuk hijau <em>C</em><em>. juncea</em>) dan lahan yang tanpa penambahan biomassa. Pengamatan kelimpahan arthropoda tanah dan tingkat diversitas dilakukan dengan pemasangan <em>pitfall trap</em>s dan <em>yellow</em><em> pan traps</em><em>.</em><em> </em>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Collembola dan Hymenoptera merupakan arthropoda tanah yang dominan. Indeks diversitas arhropoda tanah pada lahan dengan penambahan biomassa lebih tinggi (0,82–0,84) dibandingkan pada lahan tanpa penambahan biomassa (0,75–0,79). Penambahan biomassa pada tahun pertama dapat meningkatkan kandungan C Organik tanah dari 0,76 menjadi 1,06, dan meningkatkan kandungan N dari 0,03 menjadi 0,11, serta meningkatkan produksi tebu dari 70,4 ton/ha menjadi 101,4 ton/ha. Untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekosistem lahan kering diperlukan penambahan biomassa secara terus menerus.</p><p><strong>Effect of Biomass Addition in Dry Land to Diversity of Soil Arthropods and Productivity of Sugarcane</strong></p><p>The current sugarcane development program is directed to dry lands that have limited water availability and soil fertility, thereby limiting the productivity of sugarcane. In order to restore soil fertility and reduce the evaporation of groundwater, addition of biomass in the form of trash (dried leaves) of sugarcane as well as the addition of green manure (<em>Clotalaria juncea</em>) is needed. Biomass addition to the land could increase soil fertility and the population of soil arthropods/detrivores. The experiment was conducted on dry land at Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo from January 2015–July 2015. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of biomass addition to the diversity of soil arthropods and sugarcane productivity. Treatments consisted of land with the addition of biomass (sugarcane/sugarcane and green manure <em>C. juncea</em>) and control. Observation of the abundance of soil arthropods and diversity level was done by setting pitfall traps and yellow pan traps, observation was done monthly. The results showed that the order of Collembola and Hymenoptera were dominant arthropods. The diversity index of ground arhropods on the land with biomass increments was higher (0.82–0.84) than that in the land without biomass addition (0.75–0.79). The addition of biomass in the first year succeeded in increasing the organic C content of soil from 0.62 to 1.06 and increasing the production of sugar cane from 70.4 tons/ha to 101.4 tons/ha. In order to improve the ecosystems condition, it is required the addition of biomass continuously.</p>
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Paat, Frangky J. "SIMULASI BIOMASSA AKAR, BATANG, DAUN DAN BIJI JAGUNG HIBRIDA PADA BEBERAPA PERLAKUAN PEMBERIAN NITROGEN." EUGENIA 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/eug.17.1.2011.98.
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This study was aiming to assess growth of roots, stems, leaves and seeds of hybrid corn atdifferent application of nitrogen using a simulation model approach. The research wasconducted at the experimental garden in the village of Kakas Tountimomor Minahasa Region.The result showed that after 49 days of planting, optimum root biomass was 1050 kg / ha.Application of fertilization 92 kg/ ha produced the highest production which was 43.8 kg / ha.Field measurement showed that application of fertilization 92 kg / ha resulted steem biomass170.6 kg / ha. Simulation model revealed that stem biomass at the age of 70 HST allocated thehighest photosyntate which was 1300 kg / ha. The highest leaves biomass production wasdetected at the level of nitrogen fertilization 92 kg / ha resulting total production of 53.2 kg / ha.Optimalitation of biomass allocated to leaves until the flowering phase was 49 days afterplanting producing 3000 kg / ha. Field measurements for the highest seed biomass productionwas 54.9 kg/ha accounted by 92 kg N / ha. Simulation model of seed biomass showed thatseed filling stage was in between anthesis stage (75 HST) and physiological ripening (105HST) accounted 4500 kg/ha. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pertumbuhan organ akar, batang, daun dan bijijagung hibrida dalam tiap-tiap perlakuan pemberian nitrogen melalui pendekatan modelsimulasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dikebun percobaan di desa Tountimomor Kecamatan KakasKabupaten Minahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa model dapat mensimulasi titikoptimum biomassa akar yaitu 1050 kg/ha pada umur tanam 49 hari setelah tanam.Pemupukan nitrogen dengan taraf 92 kg/ha menghasilkan produksi tertinggi 43.8 kg/ha. Hasilpengukuran lapang pada taraf pemupukan 92 kg N/ha menghasilkan biomassa batang 170.6kg/ha. Hasil simulasi model biomassa batang pada umur tanam 70 hst menghasilkan alokasiproporsi fotosintesis tertinggi 1300 kg/ha. Hasil produksi biomassa daun tertinggi dihasilkanpada taraf pemupukan nitrogen 92 kg/ha dengan total produksi 53.2 kg/ha. Optimalisasiproporsi biomassa yang dialokasikan ke daun sampai pada fase pembungaan yaitu 49 harisetelah tanam dengan bobot 3000 kg/ha. Hasil pengukuran lapang untuk produksi biomassabiji tertinggi 54.9 kg/ha pada taraf pemupukan 92 kg N/ha. Hasil simulasi model biomassa bijimenunjukkan bahwa setelah fase anthesis yaitu 73 hst, fase pengisian biji mulai berlangsunghingga matang fisiologis pada 105 hari setelah tanam dengan total biji 4500 kg/ha.
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Alviana, Diah, Rika Anggraini, Jelita Rahma Hidayati, Ita Karlina, Febrianti Lestari, Dony Apdillah, Agung Dhamar Syakti, and Dermawati Sihite. "Estimasi Cadangan Karbon Pada Ekosistem Mangrove Di Desa Pengudang Kecamatan Teluk Sebong Kabupaten Bintan." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 26, no. 3 (July 18, 2023): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v26i3.18326.
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Mangrove have a role in the absorption and storage of carbon from the atmosphere, which is stored in the form of biomass and sediment, so that mangroves have enormous potential in mitigation global climate change because they can reduce greenhouse gas emission is carbon. Mangrove store carbon in carbon pools including above ground biomass, below ground biomass, litter or dead wood, and soil. The purpose of this study was to calculate the value of carbon stock and carbon sequestration in mangroves in Pengudang Villages, Teluk Sebong District, Bintan Regency. This research was conducted in September – October 2022, the research method used purposive sampling non-destructive method with allometric model and sediment sampling was carried out at 30 cm intervals until the discovery of humus soil. The result of biomass calculations were then converted into carbon stock values and mangrove carbon sequestration. Data analysis was carried out by calculating biomass, carbon stock value and carbon sequestration in mangroves in Pengudang Villages, Teluk Sebong District, Bintan Regency. The result showed the total biomass value was 498,77 tons/ha, the carbon stock value was 1203,27 tonsC/ha, while the carbon sequestration value was 4412,05 tonsC/ha. Mangrove berperan dalam penyerapan dan penyimpanan karbon dari atmosfer yang disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa dan sedimen, sehingga mangrove memiliki potensi yang sangat besar dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim global karena dapat mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca yaitu karbon. Mangrove menyimpan karbon dalam kantong karbon diantaranya adalah biomassa bagian atas, biomassa bagian bawah, serasah atau kayu mati dan tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghitung nilai stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon pada mangrove di Desa Pengudang Kecamatan Teluk Sebong Kabupaten Bintan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September – Oktober tahun 2022, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling metode non-destruktif dengan model alometrik dan dilakukan pengambilan sampel sedimen per-interval 30cm hingga ditemukannya tanah humus. Hasil perhitungan biomassa kemudian dilakukan konversi nilai stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon mangrove. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung biomassa, nilai stok karbon dan sekuestrasi karbon pada mangrove di Desa Pengudang Kecamatan Teluk Sebong Kabupaten Bintan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai total biomassa 498,77 ton/ha nilai stok karbon adalah 1203,27 tonC/ha sedangkan nilai sekuestrasi karbon adalah 4412,05 tonC/ha.
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Da Costa, Cosme B. De C., Antonius P. Rumengan, Ping A. Angmalisang, Indri S. Manembu, Frans Lumuindong, and Fitje Losung. "ANALISIS BIOMASSA MANGROVE DAN INDEKS NILAI PENTING DI DESA RATATOTOK TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA TENGGARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 11, no. 1 (December 19, 2023): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.11.1.2023.53333.
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Mangrove forest is an ecosystem that lives in coastal areas and has muddy substrates and river mouths influenced by seawater and it is able to live in areas with high salinity ranges. Mangroves absorb CO2 during photosynthesis, then convert it into carbohydrates by storing it in biomass in, roots, and leaves. This study aimed to identify mangrove species, examine the structure of the mangrove community, analyze the importance value index, and determine the value of mangrove biomass in East Ratatotok Village, Southeast Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The method used in this study is the quadrant line transect method which examines the importance value index and the amount of biomass in mangroves using a mangrove biomass determination algorithm. Based on the results of this study, four types of mangroves were found, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculate, Ceriops tagal, and Sonneratia alba. The type of R. mucronata dominates the mangrove species in East Ratatotok, Southeast Minahasa Regency. The analysis results of East Ratatotok mangrove biomass values are quite high, ranging from 113.15 to 239.03 tons/ha.Keywords: Mangrove, IVI, Biomass, East RatatotokABSTRAKHutan mangrove merupakan suatu ekosistem yang hidup di daerah pesisir pantai dan memiliki substrat berlumpur, muara sungai yang dipengaruhi oleh air laut serta dapat hidup di daerah dengan rentang salinitas yang tinggi. Mangrove menyerap CO2 pada saat proses fotosintesis, kemudian mengubahnya menjadi karbohidrat dengan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa pada akar, batang, ranting, dan daun Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi jenis mangrove, mengkaji struktur komunitas mangrove dan menganalisis indeks nilai penting serta mengetahui nilai biomassa mangrove di Desa Ratatotok Timur, Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode garis transek kuadrat yang meneliti indeks nilai penting dan jumlah biomassa pada mangrove menggunakan algoritma penentuan biomassa mangrove. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, ditemukan 4 jenis mangrove yaitu Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Ceriops tagal, dan Sonneratia alba. Jenis R. mucronata mendominasi jenis-jenis mangrove yang di Ratatotok Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara. Hasil analisis nilai biomassa mangrove Ratatotok Timur cukup tinggi berkisar antara 113.15 hingga 239.03 ton/ha.Kata kunci: Mangrove, INP, Biomassa, Ratatotok Timur
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Saifullah, Saifullah, Suyanto Suyanto, and Ahmad Jauhari. "POTENSI KARBON TERSIMPAN DALAM TEGAKAN DI KECAMATAN BANJARBARU UTARA KOTA BANJARBARU." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 4, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v4i4.3944.
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Measurement carbon potential is needed because it enters the era of carbon trading. The carbon market is believed to be able to provide incentives to reduce emissions which are very efficient and effective to do. This incentive is given to provide financing and technology assistance to reduce carbon emissions. The purpose of research was to analyze the potential for biomass and carbon uptake in the North Banjarbaru sub-district, Banjarbaru City. The method used to analyze the potential for biomass and carbon uptake was using NDVI analysis (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and field observations. Field observations were carried out by means of positive sampling by considering the NDVI value with the actual conditions in the field. Data processing was carried out by measuring the diameter of the tree stands, then converting the diameter value to biomass and carbon uptake using allometric analysis. The results of biomass potential’s 160.99 tons and carbon absorption potential is 277.69 tons. The difference in the yield of biomass potential and carbon sequestration is influenced by the use of the allometric formulaPengukuran potensi karbon sangat diperlukan karena telah memasuki era perdagangan karbon. Pasar karbon mampu menyediakan insentif untuk menurunkan emisi yang sangat efisien dan efektif untuk dilakukan. Insentif ini diberikan untuk memberikan bantuan pembiayaan dan teknologi untuk mengurangi emisi karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi biomassa dan serapan karbon di kecamatan Banjarbaru Utara Kota Banjarbaru. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis potensi biomassa dan serapan karbon, yaitu menggunakan analisis NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Indeks) dan Observasi lapangan. Observasi lapangan dilakukan secara Puposive Sampling dengan mempertimbangkan nilai NDVI dengan Keadaan Sebenarnya dilapangan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan mengukur diameter tegakan pohon, kemudian konversi nilai diameter ke biomassa dan serapan karbon menggunakan analisis alometrik. Hasil potensi biomassa sebesar 160,99 ton dan potensi serapan karbon sebesar 277,69 ton. Perbedaan hasil potensi biomassa dan serapan karbon dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan rumus alometrik.
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Navarro-Camacho, Richard, Edwin Esquivel-Segura, Elemer Briceño-Elizondo, and Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar. "Estimating aboveground biomass for Eucalyptus saligna Sm. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn in the center region of Costa Rica." Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 11, no. 27 (June 24, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v11i27.1775.
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The contribution of forests as climate change mitigation sinks through growth production calls for the accurate determination of their biomass production, therefore it is necessary to to evaluate variables such as weight of dry leaves, diameter at breast height (DBH) , diameter at stump height (DSH) and total height and their effect on individual aboveground biomass. The analysis was conducted at theTechnological Institute of Costa Rica (TEC) located in the province of Cartago- Sampling consisted on 31 sampling of<em> Eucalyptus saligna</em> and <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em>, in order to estimate a linear regression model to predictaverage tree biomass. The final model obtained for biomass was Biomasa = e^2,6915+2,1338*√DSHi, with a coefficient of determination of 0,9061. We recommend a study to help determine the biomass and soil organic matter to provide a complete inventory of biomass for a given area.
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Djunaedi, Ali, Chrisna Adi Suryono, and Sardjito Sardjito. "Kandungan Pigmen Polar Dan Biomassa Pada Mikroalga Dunaliella Salina Dengan Salinitas Berbeda." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 20, no. 1 (July 19, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v20i1.1347.
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Polar pigments content and biomass of Dunaliella salina are affected by salinity related to osmotic pressure and density of media. This study was to determine the effect of salinity on pigment contents and dried biomass of microalgae D. salina. The cultivation used microalgae derived from Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Research method was the Laboratory study with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Consisting of one treatment with five stages of salinity treatments: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, and 40 ppt and using three times of repetition. Analysis of pigments used UV-Vis spectrophotometric extracted with acetone as the solvent. Harvesting time was when it reached at the stationair phase using flocculation method. The results showed that salinity had the significant effect (P <0.05) on polar pigment and dry biomass. The treatments of 35 ppt showed that the highest content phycocyanin and allophycocyanin pigments were 11.341 mg/gram and 9.644 mg/gram respectively. The highest dry biomass was achieved at 35 ppt salinity treatment at 0.789 gram/L. Keywords: Dunaliella salina, salinity, Polar pigment, Biomass. Kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa Dunaliella salina dipengaruhi oleh salinitas yang berkaitan dengan tekanan osmotik dan densitas media. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salinitas terhadap kandungan pigmen polar dan biomassa kering D. salina. Biota uji diperoleh dari Balai Besar Pengembangan Budidaya Air Payau (BBPBAP), Jepara. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 1 perlakuan dengan 5 taraf perlakuan salinitas, yaitu: 20 ppt, 25 ppt, 30 ppt, 35 ppt, dan 40 ppt dengan pengulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Analisis pigmen dengan metode spektrofotometer UV-Vis yang diekstraksi menggunakan larutan aseton. Pemanenan biomassa pada fase stasioner dengan menggunakan metode flokulasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa salinitas berpengaruh terhadap kandungan pigmen dan biomassa kering Dunaliella salina. Perlakuan salinitas 35 ppt menghasilkan kadar pigmen fikosianin dan allofikosianin tertinggi, yaitu 11,341 mg/gram, dan 9,644 mg/gram, serta menghasilkan biomassa kering tertinggi, yaitu 0,789 gram/L. Kata Kunci : Dunaliella salina, Salinitas, Pigmen polar, Biomassa
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KONISHI, Katsuhisa, Mitsuaki SHIIYA, and Shunichi HIRATA. "Biomass." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1109 (2011): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1109_268.
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Hempel, G. "Biomass." Environment International 13, no. 1 (January 1987): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(87)90040-7.
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Afanasjeva, Natalia, Luis C. Castillo, and Juan C. Sinisterra. "Lignocellulosic biomass. Part I: Biomass transformation." Journal of Science with Technological Applications 3 (November 2017): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34294/j.jsta.17.3.22.
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Wilhelm, W. W. "My biomass, your biomass, our solution." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 2, no. 1 (January 2008): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.53.
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Voigt, Christian, and Claudia Zwikowics. "Glucanocellulosic biomass: learning from marine biomass to optimize terrestrial biomass conversion." New Biotechnology 31 (July 2014): S159—S160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.2016.
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Eduardo Schmitt Stein, Jackson, Rodrigo Rotili Junior, Eduardo Canepelle, Divanilde Guerra, Danni Maisa da Silva, and Marciel Redin. "Estimativa de produção de álcool de segunda geração de plantas de cobertura de solo." Revista Eletrônica Científica da UERGS 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21674/2448-0479.81.63-72.
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Resumo
O grande desafio para a produção de álcool de segunda geração (Álcool 2G) é encontrar fontes baratas de materiais lignocelulósicos. O objetivo foi avaliar o rendimento teórico de álcool 2G a partir da biomassa seca de plantas de cobertura do solo. Neste estudo foram utilizadas seis das espécies mais representativas de primavera/verão: Mucuna cinza (Mucuna pruriens), feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformis), crotalária espectábilis (Crotalaria spectabilis), crotalária juncea (Crotalaria juncea), guandu anão (Cajanus cajan) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum). A produção de matéria seca, a composição química dos resíduos culturais e os posteriores rendimentos em hidrólise e fermentação foram obtidos através de cálculos utilizando-se dados de literatura. Foram testados diferentes cenários de remoção/utilização da biomassa produzida pelas espécies: 1) 100%, 2) 75%, 3) 50% e 4) 25%. O rendimento médio de álcool variou de 2.121 (mucuna cinza, feijão de porco e crotalália spectabilis) a 8.876 litros/ha no milheto. Com a utilização de apenas 25% da biomassa do milheto é possível produzir 2.219 litros de álcool por hectare e, por outro lado, somente 418 litros com a cultura da mucuna cinza. As culturas do milheto e guandu anão, com utilização de 75% e 50% da biomassa seca, respectivamente, mostram-se espécies potenciais para produção de álcool 2G e com sobra acima de 5 ton/ha de resíduos culturais para proteção do solo.
Palavras-chave: Etanol; aproveitamento energético; biomassa; energia sustentável.
Abstract
Estimate of second-generation alcohol production from cover crop plants
The great challenge for the production of second-generation alcohol (2G Alcohol) is to find cheap sources of lignocellulosic materials. The aim was to evaluate the theoretical yield of 2G alcohol from the dry biomass of cover crops. Six of the most representative species of spring/summer were used in this study: Gray mucuna (Mucuna pruriens), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis), crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea), dwarf pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum). Dry matter production, chemical composition of crop residues and subsequent hydrolysis and fermentation yields were obtained through calculations using literature data. Different scenarios for the removal/use of biomass produced by the species were tested: 1) 100%, 2) 75%, 3) 50% and 4) 25%. The average alcohol yield ranged from 2,121 (grey mucuna, jack bean and showy rattlebox) to 8,876 liters/ha in millet. With the use of only 25% of the millet biomass, it is possible to produce 2,219 liters of alcohol per hectare and, on the other hand, only 418 liters with the cultivation of gray mucuna. The millet and dwarf pigeonpea plants, with use of 75% and 50% of dry biomass, respectively, are potential species for the production of 2G alcohol and with a surplus of more than 5 ton/ha of crop residues for soil protection.
Keywords: Ethanol; energy use; biomass; sustainable energy.
Resumen
Estimación de la producción de alcohol de segunda generación de cultivos de cobertura del suelo
El gran desafío para la producción de alcohol de segunda generación (alcohol 2G) es encontrar fuentes baratas de materiales lignocelulósicos. El objetivo fue evaluar el rendimiento teórico de alcohol 2G a partir de la biomasa seca de cultivos de cobertura. En este estudio se utilizaron seis de las especies más representativas de la primavera/verano: mucuna gris (Mucuna pruriens), frijol cerdo (Canavalia ensiformis), crotalaria spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis), crotalaria juncea (Crotalaria juncea), gandul enano (Cajanus cajan) y mijo (Pennisetum glaucum). La producción de materia seca, la composición química de los residuos de los cultivos y los rendimientos posteriores de hidrólisis y fermentación se obtuvieron mediante cálculos utilizando datos de la literatura. Se probaron diferentes escenarios para la remoción/uso de biomasa producida por la especie: 1) 100%, 2) 75%, 3) 50% y 4) 25%. El rendimiento alcohólico medio osciló entre 2.121 (mucuna gris, frijol cerdo y crotalalia spectabilis) y 8.876 litros/ha en mijo. Con el uso de 25% de la biomasa de mijo es posible producir 2.219 litros de alcohol por hectárea y, por otro lado, solamente 418 litros con el cultivo de mucuna gris. Los cultivos de mijo y gandul enano, con uso de 75% y 50% de biomasa seca, respectivamente, son especies potenciales para la producción de alcohol 2G y con un excedente superior a 5 ton/ha de residuos de cultivos para protección de suelos.
Palavras clave: Etanol; aprovechamiento energético; biomassa; energía sostenible.
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Silva, André Luiz da, Flavio Dessaune Tardin, Gheorges Wilians Rotta, Aisy Botega Baldoni, Marco Antonio Aparecido Barelli, Alexandre Ferreira da Silva, Daiane Rubia Gonçalves, Fabio Barros, Jackson Roberto Dias Ribeiro, and Rafael Augusto da Costa Parrella. "CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS SORGHUM CULTIVARS AIMING TO GENERATE ENERGY FOR THE NORTH REGION OF MATO GROSSO, BRAZIL." Nativa 4, no. 3 (June 30, 2016): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v4i3.3304.
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CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE SORGO BIOMASSA VISANDO A GERAÇÃO DE ENERGIA PARA A REGIÃO NORTE DE MATO GROSSOO sorgo biomassa possui elevada produção de biomassa lignocelulósica, surgindo como alternativa de cultivo visando produção de energia renovável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar cultivares de sorgo biomassa visando a geração de energia para região Norte de MT. Para tal, implantou-se em 04/12/2014, em Sinop-MT, um experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, composto por 36 genótipos de sorgo (34 biomassas e 2 forrageiros). As características avaliadas foram: florescimento, altura de plantas, acamamento, população de plantas, produção de massa verde, produção de massa seca, porcentagem de massa seca e umidade. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias dos genótipos foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott. Os materiais forrageiros floresceram, em média, aos 77 dias, enquanto que os genótipos de biomassa floresceram dos 101 aos 130 dias. Enquanto o melhor genótipo forrageiro (Volumax) produziu 11,6 t de massa seca ha-1, 15 genótipos de sorgo biomassa produziram, em média, 24 t. Demonstrando estes serem os de maior interesse de cultivo na região de estudo. A matéria seca produzida pelos genótipos de sorgo biomassa associado a seu poder calorífico demonstram potencial da cultura para produção de energia renovável.Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, energia renovável, bioenergia. ABSTRACTBiomass sorghum has high lignocellulosic biomass production, emerging as a cultivation alternative for renewable energy production. The objective of this study was to characterize biomass sorghum cultivars aiming to generate energy for the north of Mato Grosso. To this end, an experiment in the randomized block design with three replications, consisting of 36 sorghum genotypes (34 biomass and two forage) was implanted in 12/04/2014 in Sinop/Mato Grosso. The evaluated characteristics were: flowering, plants height, lodged plants, finishing, plants population, green mass production, dry matter production, dry matter percentage and humidity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and the averages of the genotypes were grouped by the Scott-Knott test. Forage materials flourished on average after 77 days, whereas the biomass genotypes flourished from 101 to 130 days. While the best forage genotype (Volumax) produced 11.6 t ha-1 dry matter, 15 genotypes of sorghum biomass produced on average 24 t, each one. Demonstrating being a potential for cultivating in the region. The dry matter produced by biomass sorghum genotypes associated with its calorific has demonstrated the potential of culture for renewable energy production.Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, renewable energy, bioenergy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14583/2318-7670.v04n03a11
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Nugraha, Aditya Hikmat, Ilham Antariksa Tasabaramo, Udhi E. Hernawan, Susi Rahmawati, Risandi Dwirama Putra, and Fadhliyah Idris. "Estimasi Stok Karbon Padaekosistem Lamun Di Perairan Utara Papua (Studi Kasus : Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi Dan Pulau Meossu)." Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, no. 3 (November 14, 2020): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i3.7939.
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One of the ecological functions of the seagrass ecosystem is the ability to absorb carbon coming from the atmosphere. The ability of seagrass to absorb carbon is carried out through photosynthesis. The absorbed carbon will then be stored in the form of seagrass biomass in the seagrass body. This study aims to estimate the carbon stock content stored in seagrass ecosystems in the Northern waters of Papua including on Liki Island, Befondi Island, and Meossu Island. The calculation of carbon stock is done by converting seagrass biomass using constants derived from representative values of seagrass carbon content in Indonesian waters. In general, based on the results obtained indicate that the biomass at the bellow ground of the seagrass is greater than the biomass at above ground the seagrass. The value of organic carbon content in seagrasses is influenced by seagrass biomass. The carbon stock content in the seagrass ecosystem in the study area is in the range of 18,04 – 419,46 g C / m2. Stations on Liki Island have generally higher carbon stocks compared to stations on other islands.Salah satu fungsi ekologi dari ekosistem lamun yaitu memiliki kemampuan dalam menyerap karbon yang berasal dari atmosfer. Kemampuan lamun dalam menyerap karbon dilakukan melalui proses fotosintesis. Karbon yang terserap selanjutnya akan disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa lamun pada tubuh lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kandungan stok karbon yang tersimpan pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Utara Papua tepatnya di Pulau Liki, Pulau Befondi dan Pulau Meossu. Perhitungan stok karbon dilakukan dengan melakukan konversi biomassa lamun menggunakan konstanta yang berasal dari nilai representatif konsentrasi kandungan karbon pada lamun yang berada di Perairan Indonesia. Secara umum berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa biomassa pada bagian bawah lamun lebih besar dibandingkan dengan biomassa pada bagian atas lamun. Nilai kandungan karbon organik pada lamun dipengaruhi oleh biomassa lamun. Kandungan stok karbon pada ekosistem lamun di wilayah penelitian berada pada kisaran 18,04 – 419,46 gC/m2. Stasiun yang berada di Pulau Liki memiliki stok karbon yang umumnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan stasiun yang berada di pulau lainnya.
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Hasan, Hafidh, Sri Haryani Anwar, and Syarifah Rohaya. "Perbaikan desain tungku hemat energi untuk produsen keumamah di Kota Banda Aceh (Design improvement of energy-efficient stove for keumamah producers in Banda Aceh)." Buletin Pengabdian: Bulletin of Community Services 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/bulpengmas.v1i1.20120.
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ABSTRAKPengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi masalah dan memberikan solusi pada tahap perebusan ikan tongkol sebelum dikeringkan menjadi keumamah. Mitra PKM selama ini menggunakan tungku terbuka yang pembakarannya tidak sempurna sehingga membutuhkan banyak biomassa kayu. Pembakaran dengan tungku terbuka ini menghasilkan banyak asap, jelaga, dan gas-gas polutan. Akibatnya pembelian kayu bakar menjadi belanja bahan terbesar setelah ikan dan berdampak mengurangi margin keuntungan pengusaha. Gas-gas polutan dan asap serta partikel sisa pembakaran berdampak negatif kepada kesehatan pengusaha, pekerja, kualitas, kenyamanan dan ketentraman lingkungan di sekitar tempat usaha. Solusi yang diberikan kepada kedua mitra adalah desain khusus dan pembuatan tungku hemat energi yang menerapkan teknologi tepat guna dengan pengurangan konsumsi biomasa kayu sampai 33% serta meminimalkan asap dan gas-gas polutan. Penggunaan tungku hemat energi ini dapat mengurangi pengeluaran untuk biomasa kayu, perbaikan kenyamanan dan ketentraman lingkungan sekitar usaha serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan pengusaha keumamah. Disamping itu, kualitas keumamah, daya saing, dan perluasan lapangan kerja bagi masyarakat sekitar juga meningkat dan memberikan efek multiplying bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi di sekitar lokasi usaha.Kata kunci: tungku hemat energi, keumamah; biomasa kayu, energi terbarukan ABSTRACTThis community service (PKM) aims at identifying problems and providing solutions for keumamah producers, particularly at the stage of fish boiling prior to the drying of keumamah. PKM partners have been using open stoves with incomplete combustion, thus requiring a lot of wooden biomass. Combustion with this open furnace produces a lot of smoke, soot and pollutant gases. As the results, the purchase of firewood is the biggest material spending after fish and has an impact on reducing the profit margins of producers. Furthermore, pollutant gases and smoke and combustion particles have a negative impact on the health of employers, workers, quality and comfort as well as the environment around and in the production site. The solution given to the two partners is the specially designed and manufactured energy-efficient stoves that include appropriate feature to reduce wooden biomass consumption by up to 33% and minimize smoke and pollutant gases. The use of energy-efficient stoves can reduce expenses on wood biomass, improve comfort and peace of the environment around the business location and improve the welfare of the producers. In addition, the quality of the public life, competitiveness and expansion of employment opportunities for the surrounding community also increase and provide a multiplying effect for economic growth around the business location.Keywords: energy-saving stove, keumamah, wooden biomass, renewable energy
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Mahsar, Ali, and Yusli Wardiatno. "BIOMASSA SESAAT SUMBER DAYA PERIKANAN UNDUR-UNDUR LAUT (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: HIPPIDAE) DI PANTAI BERPASIR CILACAP DAN KEBUMEN, JAWA TENGAH." Marine Fisheries : Journal of Marine Fisheries Technology and Management 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jmf.7.2.211-218.
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<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>Mole crab is a benthic animal that live buried in sandy beach in the intertidal area. Mole crab has an important ecological role and also has economic value. The sandy beach in south of Cilacap and Kebumen is mole crab’s habitat. Mole crab exploitation in these areas has been increasing for consumption demand. To determine the significant role of the mole crab in the provision of nutritious food, it is necessary to estimate the potential of mole crab biomass. This study aims to determine standing biomass of the mole crab in Kebumen and Cilacap sandy beaches. The specimen collection was conducted by sampling methods every month in March 2012 to February 2013 on Bocor beach, Kebumen and June 2013 to May 2014 on Bunton beach, Cilacap. The data processing was conducted by descriptive statistics methods. The results showed that standing biomass of mole crab family Hippidae, namely Emerita emeritus and Hippa adactyla, fluctuated between 102 and 508 kg on the Kebumen sandy beach, and between 1,811 and 4,671 kg on the Cilacap sandy beach. Standing biomass of E. emeritus fluctuated between 82 and 497 kg on the Kebumen sandy beach and between 1,462 and 3,560 kg on the Cilacap sandy beach.Standing biomass of H. adactyla fluctuated between 2 and 133 kg on the Kebumen sandy beach, and between 234 and 1,701 kg on the Cilacap sandy beach. The difference in standing biomass in each location was caused by the difference of sampling time and environment condition of research area. The economic value potential of the mole crab as fishery resources is discussed.</p><p>Keywords: Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, Hippidae, momentarily biomass,</p><p><strong><br />ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Undur-undur laut adalah kelompok hewan bentik yang hidup mengubur di daerah intertidal bersusbtrat pasir. Undur-undur laut mempunyai peran ekologis penting dan juga bernilai ekonomis. Pantai berpasir selatan Cilacap dan Kebumen adalah habitat undur-undur laut. Penangkapan undur-undur laut di kedua wilayah tersebut makin meningkat untuk kebutuhan konsumsi. Untuk mengetahui peran undur-undur laut dalam mendukung penyediaan bahan pangan bergizi, perlu diketahui potensi biomassa undur-undur laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biomassa sesaat undur-undur laut dan fluktuasinya di pantai berpasir Kabupaten Kebumen dan Cilacap. Pengumpulan spesimen undur-undur laut dilakukan dengan metode sampling setiap bulan pada Maret 2012 hingga Februari 2013 di pantai Bocor Kebumen dan pada Juni 2013 hingga Mei 2014 di pantai Bunton Cilacap. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan metode statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besaran biomassa sesaat (standing biomass) undur-undur laut famili Hippidae, yaitu Emerita emeritus dan Hippa adactyla, berfluktuasi antara 102 kg hingga 508 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen, dan antara 1.811 kg hingga 4.671 kg di pantai berpasir Cilacap. Standing biomass E. emeritus berfluktuasi antara 82 kg hingga 497 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen dan antara 1.462 kg hingga 3.560 kg di pantai berpasir Cilacap. Standing biomass H. adactylaberkisar antara 2 kg hingga 133 kg di pantai berpasir Kebumen, dan antara 234 kg hingga 1.701 kg di pantai berpasir Cilacap. Perbedaan besaran standing biomass di masing-masing lokasi dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan waktu pengumpulan data undur-undur laut dan perbedaan kondisi lingkungan lokasi penelitian. Potensi ekonomi sebagai sumber daya perikanan undur -undur laut juga dibahas dalam paper ini.</p><p>Kata kunci: Emerita emeritus, Hippa adactyla, Hippidae, biomassa sesaat</p>
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Atmaja, Suherman Banon. "KETIDAKSTABILAN BESARAN STOK IKAN DARI MODEL PRODUKSI SURPLUS." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 13, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.13.1.2007.1-11.
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Selama ini, kerangka pengelolaan sumber daya ikan berdasarkan pada titik acuan nilai potensi dan kriteria maksimum (maximum sustainable yield), mengabaikan laju pertumbuhan stok ikan dan tanpa memperhatikan dinamika perikanan yang terjadi. Dari kombinasi data yang tersedia diperoleh hasil besaran nilai stok ikan yang bersifat dinamis, akibat perubahan yang terjadi pada parameter–parameter model produksi surplus. Tingkat maximum sustainable yield menunjukkan CMSY darimetode Gompertz lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan metode logistik, sebaliknya tingkat EMSY lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan metode logistik. Konsekuensi perbedaan tersebut menghasilkan tingkat BMSY dan tercapai puncak titik jenuh dari perikanan pukat cincin berbeda, untuk metode Gompertz (37% dari biomassa awal) terjadi pada kurun waktu tahun 1978 sampai dengan 1981, sedangkan untuk metode logistik (50% dari biomassa awal) terjadi pada kurun waktu tahun 1990 sampai dengan 1992. Kondisi trend biomassa menunjukkan penurunan biomassa berkisar 92 sampai dengan 96,5% dari biomassa awal untuk metode Gompertz, sedangkan untuk metode logistik berkisar 70 sampai dengan 93%. Tampak perkembangan perikanan pukat cincin catch effort mengikuti fungsi pertumbuhan logistik daripada fungsi pertumbuhan Gompertz. Bagaimanapun, penyusutan stok ikan pelagis didukung oleh trend hasil tangkapan yang menurun, sedangkan hari operasi cenderung meningkat. During the time, framework of fisheries resources management was based on reference point of potency value and criteria (maximum sustainable yield), while net growth of fish stock and fisheries dynamics have been ignored. From data combination available obtaining result of size of fish stocks was dynamic due to change of parameters of surplus production. The Level maximum sustainable yield showes that CMSY method of Gompertz was higher than logistics method, on the contrary EMSY compared to lower than logistics method. Consequently, these results were obtained the level of BMSY (biomass at level maximum sustainable yield) and the peaks of exploitation from purse seine fishery were also diffrent, for Gompertz method revealed that the level of BMSY (37% from initially biomass) occurred in the period of 1978 to 1981, while logistics method (50% from initially biomass) occurred in the period of 1990 to 1992. Trend biomass in state of decline reached 92 to 96,5% from intially biomass for Gompertz method, while for the method of logistics reached 70 to 93% from intially biomass. Seems that the development of purse seine fisheries (catch effort) followed function growth logistics rather than the function growth Gompertz. However, the decrease of fish stock pelagic supported by the catch of pelagic fish showed a declining trend, while fishing days have tend to increase.
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Arfah, Hairati, and Simon I. Patty. "Biodiversity and Biomass of Macroalgae in Kotania Bay Waters, West Seram." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 2, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.2.2.2014.7150.
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Research on biodiversity and biomass of macroalgae in Kotania Bay waters, West Seram, Mollucas was conducted on July and August 2010. There were 20 species of macroalgae collected, in which 8 species were green algae (Chlorophyceae), 6 species of brown algae (Phaeophyceae), and 6 species of red algae (Rhodophyceae). The highest biomass of algae were collected in Loupesi, as much as 127,01 g/m2, followed by Burung Island (119.42 g/m2), Wael (63.43 g/m2), and the lowest were found in Buntal Island (20.64 g/m2). The macroalgae found in sampling area were dominated by Halimeda, Padina and Sargassum. The highest biomass were found on Sargassum duplicatum (570.00 g/m2), Halimeda opuntia (271.33 g/m2), Gracillaria crassa (198.13 g/m2), and Sargassum crispivallum (178.00 g/m2). Keywords: Macroalgae, biodiversity, biomass, Kotania Bay, West Seram. ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman dan biomassa makro algae di perairan Teluk Kotania, Seram Barat, Maluku telah dilakukan pada bulan Juli dan Agustus 2010. Algae yang dikumpulkan sebanyak 20 jenis, terdiri dari 8 jenis algae hijau (Chlorophyceae), 6 jenis algae coklat (Phaeophyceae) dan 6 jenis algae merah (Rhodophyceae). Biomassa algae tertinggi ditemukan di Loupesi yaitu 127,01 g/m2 dikuti Pulau Burung 119,42 g/m2, Wael 63,43 g/m2 dan terendah di Pulau Buntal 20,64 g/m2. Algae yang dominan adalah Halimeda, Padina dan Sargasum. Biomassa tertinggi diperoleh pada jenis Sargassum duplicatum (570,00 g/m2), Halimeda opuntia (271,33 g/m2), Gracilaria crassa (198,13 g/m2), dan Sargassum crispivallum (178,00 g/m2). Kata kunci: Makro algae, keanekaragaman, biomassa, Teluk Kotania, Seram Barat.
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Yulina, Henly, Rina Devnita, and Rachmat Heryanto. "Hubungan Bobot Isi dan Kemantapan Agregat Tanah dengan Biomassa Tanaman Jagung Manis dan Cabai Merah setelah diberikan Kombinasi Terak Baja dan Bokashi Sekam Padi pada Andisol, Lembang." Agrikultura 30, no. 1 (July 23, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/agrikultura.v30i1.22696.
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ABSTRACTRelationship between bulk density and soil agaregate stability on biomass of sweet corn and red chili after given combination steel slag and bokashi of husk on Andisol LembangThe objective of this research was to find out relationship between bulk density and soil agaregate stability on biomass of sweet corn and red chili after given combination steel slag and bokashi of husk on Andisol Lembang.This study used a Randomized Block Design Factorial with two factors. The first factor was steel slag and the second factor was bokashi of husk. Each of them consisted of 4 levels of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% with two replications. The result of this research showed there was relationship between bulk density and soil agaregate stability on biomass of sweet corn and red chili, however only the biomass of red chili was influenced of bulk density and soil agaregate stability.Keywords: Steel slag, Bokashi of husk, Bulk density, Soil agaregate stability, Plant biomassABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara bobot isi dan kemantapan agregattanah terhadap biomassa tanaman jagung manis dan cabai merah setelah diberikan kombinasi terakbaja dengan bokashi sekam padi pada Andisol Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan AcakKelompok Pola Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama terak baja dan faktor kedua bokashisekam padi masing-masing 4 taraf yaitu 0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, dan 7,5%, diulang dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara bobot isi dan kemantapan agreagat tanahdengan biomassa tanaman jagung manis dan cabai merah, namun hanya biomassa tanaman cabaimerah yang dipengaruhi oleh bobot isi dan kemantapan agregat tanah.Kata Kunci: Terak baja, Bokashi sekam padi, Bobot isi, Kemantapan agregat, Biomassa tanaman
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Azizah, Fitria, Kissinger Kissinger, and Fonny Rianawati. "ESTIMASI KARBON TERSIMPAN TUMBUHAN SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) DI KECAMATAN SUNGAI TABUK." Jurnal Sylva Scienteae 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jss.v6i2.8506.
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The issue of the importance of forests in absorbing carbon is currently developing, so it is necessary to conduct research that can encourage further development of carbon sequestration and biomass. This study aims to estimate the carbon stored in tree-level sago palms. The method used is the destructive method. This research was conducted in Sungai Tabuk District, Banjar Regency. The calculation of biomass requires the value of the specific gravity of the sago plant. The results of this study indicate that the sago palm has a specific gravity of 0.37 g/cm3. In order to estimate the biomass, it is necessary to have the volume of each tree. The estimated biomass stored in tree-level sago plants in Sungai Tabuk District is 28.670,06 tons, while the estimated carbon stock for tree-level sago plants in Sungai Tabuk District is 13.474,93 tonsIsu pentingnya hutan dalam menyerap karbon saat ini terus mengalami perkembangan, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bisa mendorong pengembangan lebih lanjut dari penyerapan karbon dan biomasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pendugaan karbon tersimpan pada tumbuhan sagu tingkat pohon. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode destruktif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Sungai Tabuk Kabupaten Banjar. Perhitungan biomasa memerlukan nilai berat jenis dari tumbuhan sagu. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan sagu memiliki berat jenis 0,37 g/cm3. Untuk melakukan pendugaan biomasa, maka diperlukan volume dari masing-masing pohon. Estimasi biomasa yang tersimpan pada tumbuhan sagu tingkat pohon di Kecamatan Sungai Tabuk ialah 28.670,06 Ton, sedangkan estimasi stok karbon pada tumbuhan sagu tingkat pohon di Kecamatan Sungai Tabuk ialah 13.474,93 Ton
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Raveendran, K. "Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components." Fuel 75, no. 8 (June 1996): 987–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00030-0.
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Goldemberg, José, and Suani Teixeira Coelho. "Renewable energy—traditional biomass vs. modern biomass." Energy Policy 32, no. 6 (April 2004): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00340-3.
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Kuzuhara, Yusuke. "Biomass Nippon Strategy—Why “Biomass Nippon” now?" Biomass and Bioenergy 29, no. 5 (November 2005): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.06.014.
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SUBEKTI, NIKEN, Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Dodi Nandika, and Dedy Duryadi Solihin. "COLONY COMPOSITION AND BIOMASS OF MACROTERMES GILVUS HAGEN (BLATTODEA: TERMITIDAE) IN INDONESIA." IIUM Engineering Journal 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v20i1.1032.
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ABSTRACT: There is no study conducted to investigate the composition and biomass of Macrotermes gilvus Hagen in natural forest ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the colony composition and biomass of M. gilvus Hagen colony in natural forest and to evaluate the need of food of the species as well as factors affecting it. Research was conducted in Yanlappa Sanctuary, Bogor, West Java. Termites were surveyed by collecting individual M. gilvus Hagen from different colony at different size of mound, small (0 – 0.99 m), medium (1- 1.99 m), large (? 2 m) and then were measured the number of individuals, wet and dry body mass, ratio of dry or wet body mass, and the average of biomass. Results indicated that the small mount was dominated by workers, whereas the medium and the large nest was dominated by nymph. Mean of the termite biomass was 936 kg/ha2. Average of termite biomass collected from large mount was 949.8 kg/km2, medium mount was 605.2 kg/ha2 and small mount was about 537.5 kg/ha2. Factor affecting the biomass of subterranean termite M. gilvus Hagen are food source, energy efficiency, predators, and environment. The presence of termite mounds influences natural ecosystem, but that the type of mound plays a crucial role in determining the nature of the effects.
ABSTRAK: Kajian tentang komposisi koloni dan biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam belum pernah dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi koloni dan biomas koloni anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemakanannya. Kajian ini dilakukan di Cagar Alam Yanlappa, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil kaji selidik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan koloni didasarkan pada ukuran tinggi sarang. Sarang kecil (0 – 0.99 m), sarang sedang (1- 1.99 m), dan sarang besar (? 2 m) dan ukuran berat basah, berat kering serta kadar berat basah atau berat kering, dan rata-rata biomas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sarang kecil didominasi oleh koloni pekerja, sementara itu sarang serdahana dan sarang besar didominasi oleh koloni nympha. Rata-rata biomas yang ditemukan untuk sarang besar 949.8 kg/ha2, sarang serdahana 605.2 kg/ha2, dan sarang kecil 537.5 kg/ha2. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen adalah makanan, tenaga, pemangsa dan lingkungan. Kehadiran koloni anai-anai mempengaruhi ekosistem semulajadi, tetapi jenis koloni memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan sifat kesannya.
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Ai, Nio Song. "BIOMASSA DAN KANDUNGAN KLOROFIL TOTAL DAUN JAHE (Zingiber officinale L.) YANG MENGALAMI CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN." JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jis.11.1.2011.31.
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Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh cekaman kekeringan terhadap biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun pada jahe (Zingiber officinale L.). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 perlakuan dalam 3 ulangan. Tanaman jahe dengan 5 helai daun yang ditanam dalam polybag disirami sampai kapasitas lapang (kontrol) dan tidak disirami (kekeringan) selama 7 hari. Biomassa dan kandungan klorofil total daun diukur sebelum perlakuan kekeringan dimulai (hari ke-0) dan 7 hari setelah perlakuan kekeringan (hari ke-7). Pertambahan biomassa daun pada tanaman jahe kontrol 54% lebih besar daripada tanaman jahe yang mengalami kekeringan selama7 hari. Kekeringan selama 7 hari menurunkan kandungan klorofil total daun jahe. BIOMASS AND CONCENTRATION OF TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL ON GINGER (Zingiber Officinale L.) LEAF UNDER WATER DEFICITABSTRACTThe effect of water deficit on biomass and concentration of total chlorophyll was studied on ginger (Zingiber officinale L.) leaf. The experiment consisted of 1 cultivars grown in 2 water regimes, with 3 replicates, in a randomized complete block design. The two water regimes were well-watered (watered until field capacity) and water deficit obtained by withholding water on 5-leaf-ginger plants during 7 days. Biomass and concentration of total chlorophyll on ginger leaf were measured before water deficit treatment commenced (day 0) and 7 days after water deficit treatment (day 7). The increase of leaf biomass in control plants was 54% higher than in water-deficit plants and leaf total chlorophyll decreased 8% after 7-day-water-deficit.