Journal articles: 'Biomass samples'

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Peña-Gomar, M., H. Sobral, H. Servin Campuzano, and M. González-Avilés. "Optical Characterization of Biomass Soot Samples." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1723, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1723/1/012050.

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Kok, Mustafa Versan, and Emre Özgür. "Thermal analysis and kinetics of biomass samples." Fuel Processing Technology 106 (February 2013): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.10.010.

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Godina, D., K. Meile, A. Zhurinsh, and A. Viksna. "Method development of levoglucosenone analysis by UHPLC-UV-MS in fast pyrolysis samples and aspects of its degradation in aqueous samples." Analytical Methods 12, no. 43 (2020): 5202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay01478h.

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Levoglucosenone or LGO is biomass based chemical and its applications have been established; therefore developing dependable and fast analytical methods for determining LGO in the products of thermochemical biomass processing is of great importance.

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Tsutsumi, Michio, Shiro Itano, and Masae Shiyomi. "Number of Samples Required for Estimating Herbaceous Biomass." Rangeland Ecology & Management 60, no. 4 (July 2007): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2111/1551-5028(2007)60[447:nosrfe]2.0.co;2.

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Tenlep, Lisette N., Douglas E. Raynie, Nancy J. Thiex, L. Honary, C. Conconi, and S. W. Dean. "Compositional Analysis of Microwave Chemically Treated Biomass Samples." Journal of ASTM International 7, no. 4 (2010): 102489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jai102489.

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Xu, Jie, Ju Wang, Chunhua Du, Shuaidan Li, and Xia Liu. "Understanding fusibility characteristics and flow properties of the biomass and biomass-coal ash samples." Renewable Energy 147 (March 2020): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.066.

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Dimenna, Gary P., James A. Creegan, Lennox B. Turnbull, and George J. Wright. "Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Salinomycin Sodium in Feed Premix and Biomass Samples." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 3 (May 1, 1987): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.3.504.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic (LC) method has been developed for determination of sodium salinomycin (SS) in feed premix and biomass samples. SS is extracted from samples with acetonitrile, and the extract is diluted to volume. An aliquot is then injected directly into the chromatographic column, and refractive index detection is used to determine the presence of SS. The LC method proved to be both fast and specific; SS was quickly separated from lasalocid, monensin, and narasin. To test the efficiency of this extraction method, premix and biomass samples were spiked with SS. The mean recovery of SS from the spiked premix samples was 101.6%, and from the spiked biomass samples, 99.4%. Six premix samples were then assayed for SS in triplicate on 5 successive days, and 10 biomass samples were assayed for SS in triplicate on 3 different days. The coefficients of variation for the premix assay values ranged from 2.50 to 7.87%. For the biomass assay, CVs ranged from 0.9 to 3.5%. Premix and biomass samples were assayed for SS by this LC method in 2 laboratories and by a turbidimetric method using Bacillus subtilis in a third laboratory. The assay values obtained for SS were equivalent.

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Kamnev, Alexander A., Yulia A. Dyatlova, Odissey A. Kenzhegulov, Anastasiya A. Vladimirova, Polina V. Mamchenkova, and Anna V. Tugarova. "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopic Analyses of Microbiological Samples and Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles of Microbial Origin: Sample Preparation Effects." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 21, 2021): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041146.

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To demonstrate the importance of sample preparation used in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of microbiological materials, bacterial biomass samples with and without grinding and after different drying periods (1.5–23 h at 45 °C), as well as biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs; without washing and after one to three washing steps) were comparatively studied by transmission FTIR spectroscopy. For preparing bacterial biomass samples, Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 and A. baldaniorum Sp245 (earlier known as A. brasilense Sp245) were used. The SeNPs were obtained using A. brasilense Sp7 incubated with selenite. Grinding of the biomass samples was shown to result in slight downshifting of the bands related to cellular poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) present in the samples in small amounts (under ~10%), reflecting its partial crystallisation. Drying for 23 h was shown to give more reproducible FTIR spectra of bacterial samples. SeNPs were shown to contain capping layers of proteins, polysaccharides and lipids. The as-prepared SeNPs contained significant amounts of carboxylated components in their bioorganic capping, which appeared to be weakly bound and were largely removed after washing. Spectroscopic characteristics and changes induced by various sample preparation steps are discussed with regard to optimising sample treatment procedures for FTIR spectroscopic analyses of microbiological specimens.

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HAYKIRI-ACMA, HANZADE, and SERDAR YAMAN. "Slow-Pyrolysis and -Oxidation of Different Biomass Fuel Samples." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 41, no. 9 (September 2006): 1909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934520600779190.

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Namoua, Dilivia J., Adnan S. Wantasen, Khristin I. F. Kondoy, Rene Ch Kepel, Febry S. I. Menajang, and Wilmy Pelle. "Carbon Absorption in Seagrasses in Tongkaina Coastal Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 10, no. 2 (September 30, 2022): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i2.43485.

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This study was conducted to determine the types of seagrasses and calculate biomass and calculate how much carbon absorption in seagrasses was found in the location of Tongkaina Beach, Bunaken District, Manado City, North Sulawesi. The sampling procedure in the field is the method of cruising surveys. A cruising survey is a sample collection method that is carried out by walking through the coastal area of all seagrasses found. After the sampling at the site is completed, the sample in the inventory is then photographed. The samples that have been obtained are analyzed in the laboratory using the loss on ignition (LOI) method. The results of the study on Tongkaina coastal waters covering an area of 25,000 meters with a coastal length of ±500 meters, in an area parallel to the coastline as wide as ±50 meters towards the sea and six types of seagrasses were obtained, namely: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis, and Halodule pinifolia. The biomass in seagrasses found had an average value of 78.10% with the highest individual seagrass biomass found in seagrass type Enhalus acoroides with a biomass value of 87.23grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual and the lowest type of seagrass individual biomass value was found in seagrass type seagrass with a biomass value of 66.67grams of dry weight (gbk)/individual. The total carbon content calculated in the entire seagrass obtained was 46,0941gCKeywords: Tongkaina Beach; seagrasses; biomass; carbon absorptionAbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun dan menghitung biomassa serta menghitung berapa serapan karbon pada lamun yang ditemukan dilokasi Perairan Pantai Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Prosedur pengambilan sampel di lapangan menggunakan metode survei jelajah. Survei jelajah adalah metode pengumpulan sampel yang di lakukan dengan cara menyusuri daerah pantai terhadap semua lamun yang ditemukan. Setelah pengambilan sampel di lokasi selesai, sampel di inventarisir kemudian difoto. Sampel yang telah diperoleh dianalisa di laboratorium dengan menggunakann metode loss on ignition (LOI). Hasil penelitian pada perairan pantai Tongkaina seluas 25.000 meter dengan panjang pantai ±500 meter sejajar garis pantai dan lebar ±50 meter ke arah laut. Ditemukan enam jenis lamun yaitu: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Syringodium isoetifolium, Cymodocea rotundata, Halodule uninervis dan Halodule pinifolia. Biomassa pada lamun yang ditemukan memiliki nilai rata-rata 78,53% dengan biomassa individu lamun tertinggi terdapat pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dengan nilai biomassa mencapai 87,23gram berat kering (gbk)/individu dan nilai biomassa individu jenis lamun terendah terdapat pada lamun jenis Syringodium isoetifolium dengan nilai biomassa 66,67gram berat kering (gbk)/individu. Untuk total kandungan karbon yang dihitung pada keseluruhan lamun yang didapat sebesar 46,0941gC.Kata kunci: Pantai Tongkaina; Lamun; biomasa, serapan carbon

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Arbeláez, Fernando, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, and Javier A. Maldonado-Ocampo. "Geological differentiation explains diversity and composition of fish communities in upland streams in the southern Amazon of Colombia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 24, no. 05 (September 2008): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467408005294.

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Abstract:Fish biomass, species richness and composition were compared between upland streams draining two contrasting geological units (Pebas and Tsa) in Colombian Amazonia. Because Pebas sediments reportedly show higher levels of base concentrations than Tsa sediments, we expected that the fish communities from the Pebas streams would show highest biomass and species richness, and that the species composition would vary between the two upland systems. Eight forest streams were sampled in four locations, applying four daily sampling events. Tsa soil samples were comparatively sandy, whereas Pebas soil samples tended to be siltier, with higher levels of exchangeable acidity, Ca, Mg and total bases. Conductivity, concentrations of bases (Ca, Mg, K and Na), bicarbonates and temperature showed higher values in Pebas stream-water samples than in Tsa. In total, 7696 fish individuals were captured, belonging to eight orders, 28 families and 122 species. Pebas streams had 1.3 times more species than Tsa streams, and more than twice the total biomass. Species richness and biomass were highly correlated with conductivity and water concentrations of Mg and Na, and biomass alone with dissolved oxygen. Fish species composition differed significantly between the geological units. Species turnover was not related to distance between sampling locations.

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Wilczyńska-Michalik, Wanda, Renata Gasek, Marek Michalik, Janusz Dańko, and Tadeusz Plaskota. "Mineralogy, chemical composition and leachability of ash from biomass combustion and biomass–coal co-combustion." Mineralogia 49, no. 1-4 (December 1, 2018): 67–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mipo-2018-0008.

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Abstract Ash samples from biomass combustion or co-combustion with coal were analysed. The aim of this study of ash was to determine its mineral and chemical composition, and the chemical composition of solutions obtained during one-step water extraction. Besides the chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) were applied. The mineral and chemical composition of ash samples differ strongly. The content of heavy metals in the ash is generally low, but in some samples the limits of the content of some elements determined for fertilizers or soil amendments are exceeded. The relatively poor correlation between the concentration in leachate and bulk content in ash indicates that numerous elements are present in different forms in the studied samples. The results indicate that the potential use of biomass ash, or ash from biomass–coal co-combustion, requires complex studies that explore ash and leachates.

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Malaťák, J., and L. Passian. "Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 2 (June 27, 2011): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/28/2010-rae.

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The article addresses the urgent questions regarding the use of biomass as a fuel for combustion equipment of the heat output up to 25 kW. The article is based on the determined elemental analyses of six samples of fuel taken both from the wood mass and herbaceous biomass. These samples underwent the stoichiometric analysis of fuels. After the stoichiometric analysis the heat-emission characteristics were determined on two combustion equipments. The results of carried out elemental and stoichiometric analyses indicate higher values of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine concentration in herbaceous biomass from agriculture compared to the analyzed wood mass. The selection of combustion equipment is particularly influenced by increased contents of sulphur and chlorine (corrosive behaviour). The net calorific value of the analyzed samples taken from the wood mass is higher than of samples taken from the herbaceous biomass. The net calorific value of fuels from herbaceous biomass is reduced due to a higher content of ashes in the fuel. The results of thermal-emission analyses show higher values of nitrogen oxides, sulphur and chlorine concentrations in the herbaceous biomass compared to the analyzed wood mass. The emission concentrations of carbon monoxide for wood fuels and herbaceous biomass also depend on the type of combustion equipment and setting of combustion air volume. The increased emissions of hydrogen chloride generated by various combustion equipments are primarily caused by the volume of combustion air and the amount of chlorine in the fuel itself. The higher the volume of combustion air brought into the combustion chamber is, the higher the emissions of hydrogen chloride are. Based on the analyses we can also draw a conclusion that the spaces of combustion equipment during combustion should be most burdened with the herbaceous biomass.

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Kažimírová, V., T. Brestovič, and R. Opáth. "Selected properties of agricultural biomass." Research in Agricultural Engineering 59, Special Issue (December 13, 2013): S60—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2012-rae.

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The presented contribution deals with the quantification of moisture, combustible matter content, ash content and higher heating value of the selected types of biomass used for the heat production by direct combustion. The moisture, combustible matter, and ash contents were determined by gravimetric analysis in accordance with the established standards. The average moisture of the materials examined varied from 4.35 to 9.17%; the combustible matter content in the original samples ranged from 79.46 to 93.51%; the ash content ranged from 2.14 to 11.28%. Higher heating values of the examined types of biomass varied from 14,996 to 17,641 kJ/kg. The main contribution of the thesis is the acquisition of values usable in subsequent theoretical and practical efforts to increase the efficiency of the heat production by direct combustion of biomass. The results are useable in biomass boiler design and in identifying suitable conditions for combustion, including the service parameters of biomass boilers.

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Shimada, Natsumi, Taku Tsuyama, and Ichiro Kamei. "Rapid Determination of Thioglycolic Acid Lignin for Various Biomass Samples." Mokuzai Gakkaishi 65, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2488/jwrs.65.25.

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Cook, Freeman J., and Francis M. Kelliher. "Determining Vertical Root and Microbial Biomass Distributions from Soil Samples." Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, no. 3 (May 2006): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0173.

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Gillespie, Andrew J. R., and Tiberius Cunia. "Linear regression models for biomass table construction, using cluster samples." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-103.

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Biomass tables are often constructed from cluster samples by means of ordinary least squares regression estimation procedures. These procedures assume that sample observations are uncorrelated, which ignores the intracluster correlation of cluster samples and results in underestimates of the model error. We tested alternative estimation procedures by simulation under a variety of cluster sampling methods, to determine combinations of sampling and estimation procedures that yield accurate parameter estimates and reliable estimates of error. Modified, generalized, and jack-knife least squares procedures gave accurate parameter and error estimates when sample trees were selected with equal probability. Regression models that did not include height as a predictor variable yielded biased parameter estimates when sample trees were selected with probability proportional to tree size. Models that included height did not yield biased estimates. There was no discernible gain in precision associated with sampling with probability proportional to size. Random coefficient regressions generally gave biased point estimates with poor precision, regardless of sampling method.

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Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Heavy Metal Contents of Fly Ashes from Selected Biomass Samples." Energy Sources 27, no. 13 (October 2005): 1269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009083190519384.

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Haven, Mai Østergaard, and Henning Jørgensen. "The Challenging Measurement of Protein in Complex Biomass-Derived Samples." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 172, no. 1 (September 8, 2013): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0466-x.

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Apaydın-Varol, Esin, and Ayşe Eren Pütün. "Preparation and characterization of pyrolytic chars from different biomass samples." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 98 (November 2012): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2012.07.001.

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Guwy, A. J., S. R. Martin, F. R. Hawkes, and D. L. Hawkes. "Catalase activity measurements in suspended aerobic biomass and soil samples." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 25, no. 8-9 (November 1999): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(99)00115-5.

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Parthasarathy, Prakash, and Sheeba K. Narayanan. "Determination of kinetic parameters of biomass samples using thermogravimetric analysis." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 33, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11763.

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Alelo, Meske Leny, Khristin I. F. Kondoy, and Ruddy D. Moningkey. "Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii Biomass in Waleo Waters, Kema District, Minahasa Utara Regency." JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 6, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.6.1.2018.19544.

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This study was aimed at knowing the aquati environmental condition, the fresh weight and ry weight of root, rhizome, and leaf of Thalassia hemprichii, and the ratio of seagrass biomass of Thalassia hemprichii with sampling sites.It was done in Waleo waters, Kema district, Minahasa Utara regency. Data collection used 50×50 cm quadrat, and each T. hemprichii in the quadrat was removed. Water temperature and salinity were measured. Each study site was photographed.This study was done at the lowest tide in 3 locations, near mangrove forest, in the seagrass bed, and coral reefs. Seagrass samples were put in separated plastic bags with location, placed in the cool box, ans brought to the laboratory for further analysis. The samples were cleansed and put in the alcohol-containing plastic bag. Then, the samples were dried and weighed. Results showed that the highest biomass occurred in root, then leaf, and rhizome for all study sites. Keywords: seagrass, biomass, Thalassia hemprichii. ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian adapun tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di lokasi penelitian, untuk mengetahui berapa besar berat basah dan berat kering dari bagian-bagian (akar, rhizoma, dan daun) dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii, untuk mengetahui perbandingan biomassa dari lamun Thalassia hemprichii berdasarkan masing-masing stasiun pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Perairan Waleo Kecamatan Kema Minahasa Utara. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuadaran 50×50 cm, dan setiap lamun Thalassia hemprichii di dalam kuadran dicabut. Suhu dan salnitas air juga diukur. Lokasi penelitian diambil gambar bawah air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada saat surut terrendah dekat hutan mangrove, di hamparan lamunn dan daerah terumbu karang. Sampel lamun dimasukan ke dalam plastik di pisahkan sesuai sub lokasi, sampel di masukan kedalam cool box dan di bawah ke laboratorium untuk di teliti. Lamun dicuci bersih menggunakan air bersih dan diisi dalam plastik sampel dengan memakai alkohol. Lamun di bawah ke laboratorium akan di keringkan dan ditimbang. Hasil biomassa lamun Thalassia hemprichii di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biomassa tertinggi terdapat pada akar, kemudian daun, dan batang.Kata Kunci : Lamun, Biomassa, Thalassia hemprichii.

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Wood, Rachel C., Alfred Andama, Gleda Hermansky, Stephen Burkot, Lucy Asege, Mukwatamundu Job, David Katumba, et al. "Characterization of oral swab samples for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): e0251422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251422.

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Oral swab analysis (OSA) has been shown to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). In previous analyses, qPCR testing of swab samples collected from tongue dorsa was up to 93% sensitive relative to sputum GeneXpert, when 2 swabs per patient were tested. The present study modified sample collection methods to increase sample biomass and characterized the viability of bacilli present in tongue swabs. A qPCR targeting conserved bacterial ribosomal rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences was used to quantify bacterial biomass in samples. There was no detectable reduction in total bacterial rDNA signal over the course of 10 rapidly repeated tongue samplings, indicating that swabs collect only a small portion of the biomass available for testing. Copan FLOQSwabs collected ~2-fold more biomass than Puritan PurFlock swabs, the best brand used previously (p = 0.006). FLOQSwabs were therefore evaluated in patients with possible TB in Uganda. A FLOQSwab was collected from each patient upon enrollment (Day 1) and, in a subset of sputum GeneXpert Ultra-positive patients, a second swab was collected on the following day (Day 2). Swabs were tested for MTB DNA by manual IS6110-targeted qPCR. Relative to sputum GeneXpert Ultra, single-swab sensitivity was 88% (44/50) on Day 1 and 94.4% (17/18) on Day 2. Specificity was 79.2% (42/53). Among an expanded sample of Ugandan patients, 62% (87/141) had colony-forming bacilli in their tongue dorsum swab samples. These findings will help guide further development of this promising TB screening method.

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Ross, DJ, TW Speir, KR Tate, and VA Orchard. "Effects of sieving on estimations of microbial biomass, and carbon and nitrogen mineralization, in soil under pasture." Soil Research 23, no. 2 (1985): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850319.

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Biochemical indices of microbial biomass and other biochemical properties of a Typic Haplaquoll, sampled under pasture over four seasons, were compared in intact cores and soil sieved through a 6 mm and a 2 mm mesh. Sieving had an inconsistent influence on biomass C estimates, which tended, however, to be higher in <2 mm-mesh than in <6 mm-mesh soil. Sieving had no deleterious effect on mineral-N flush values, and no significant effect on biomass P, and generally adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), contents. Judged by the values of biomass C/ATP and biomass C/mineral-N flush ratios, the biomass C estimates of winter samples, collected under water-logged conditions, were unrealistically low, particularly in sieved soil. CO2 production by soil at a standardized water potential tended to be lowest in <2 mm-mesh samples. In contrast, net mineralization of N, in all except the winter <2 mm-mesh soil, was highest in sieved soil, as generally were extractable inorganic and organic P contents. Overall, sieving is considered preferable to the use of intact cores for measurements of these biochemical properties in soil under pasture.

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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Jorge M. C. Ribeiro, Letícia C. R. Sá, Liliana M. E. F. Loureiro, Radu Godina, and João C. O. Matias. "Development of a Low-Cost Experimental Procedure for the Production of Laboratory Samples of Torrefied Biomass." Clean Technologies 2, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol2040025.

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Currently, the search for alternative sources of energy is not only due to the scarcity of non-renewable sources, since these still have an availability capable of meeting actual consumption needs, but also due to the negative environmental impacts that its consumption presents. Thus, the use of biomass as a renewable and sustainable energy source is increasingly presented as an alternative that must be taken into account. Torrefaction is a conversion process that aims to improve the properties of biomass through its thermal decomposition at temperatures between 220 and 320 °C. Torrefaction can be defined by several variables, which have an impact on the final quality of the torrefied biomass. Therefore, there is an increase in the number of studies involving this topic, in order to improve the production of biomass and its use as a renewable energy source, in addition to reducing the costs of this process. In this work, a protocol was developed for a laboratory test procedure to produce low-cost torrefied biomass samples using equipment that can present a cost reduction of around 90%. The samples were analyzed to prove the viability of the developed protocol. The results obtained agree with the current literature, also confirming the improvement of the biomass properties. This work can serve as a platform for the development of other technologies, such as gasification for the production of hydrogen from torrefied biomass.

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Zhang, Chuan Cheng, Hai Jun Lu, and Zhan Wen He. "Combustion Characteristics of Biomass and its Cellulose." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.143.

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The combustion characteristics of some biomass samples, such as rice straw and its cellulose, were investigated. Non-isothermal thermogravimetry, where the sample was heated in air and the temperature of which increased at a linear rate of 10°C/min, 20°C/min, 30°C/min, was used to investigate the combustion characteristics of the biomass samples. The differences in the TG-DTG-DSC curves of the samples were determined and discussed in detail. Conventional TG parameters, ignition index of samples were estimated which provided elaborate information on their basic combustion features. Results showed that cellulose with higher combustion characteristics.

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Madsen, John D., Ryan M. Wersal, and Michelle D. Marko. "Distribution and Biomass Allocation in Relation to Depth of Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) in the Detroit Lakes, Minnesota." Invasive Plant Science and Management 9, no. 3 (September 2016): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-15-00028.1.

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The Detroit Lakes chain of lakes consists of five basins in northwest Minnesota adjacent to the town of Detroit Lakes. Flowering rush has been established in these basins since the 1960s. We evaluated the distribution of flowering rush in the five basins using a point intercept method, with 830 points distributed in a grid with points 150 m apart. These data were analyzed to determine whether invasive and native species frequencies were different between 2010 and 2011. We also assessed co-occurrence of flowering rush with native hardstem bulrush. The distribution of both flowering rush and hardstem bulrush was unchanged from 2010 to 2011. Flowering rush is invading areas with native plants and not establishing in unvegetated areas. Although flowering rush is found as deep as 4.5 m, it is most frequent at a depth of 1.3 m. We also examined the distribution of biomass and growth across a depth gradient from 0.3 to 3.0 m in 0.3-m intervals. At each 0.3-m interval, three biomass samples were collected at each of 10 transects for a total of 30 samples per depth interval or 300 biomass samples. At each point, leaf height, emergent leaf height, water depth, number of ramets, and number of rhizome buds were counted. Biomass samples were collected in a 0.018-m2 core sampler, sorted to shoots and belowground biomass. We found that flowering rush height and biomass peaked at 1.3 m and declined with greater depth. Bud density was negatively related to water depth. Bud density averaged 300 buds m–2, which was three times the average ramet density (100 ramets m–2).

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Makwin Danladi Makut, Obiora Anthony Obi, Ike Kenneth Ekeleme, Jibril Egwu Owuna, and Obuneme Smart Obiekezie. "Biodiesel production by microalgal species isolated from water samples in Keffi, Nasarawa state, Nigeria." International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2023.4.1.0165.

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To counter the effects of climate change due to use of fossil fuels, much attention has been placed into the production of biomass-derived fuels. This investigation was aimed at producing biodiesel from microalgae species isolated from water samples in Keffi, Nasarawa state. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation and identification of the microalgal isolates. The percentage occurrence of the isolates showed that Chlorella vulgaris had a 100% occurrence with Chlorella lewinii and Stigeoclonium tenue having a 50% occurrence each while Cladophora glomerata having a 25% occurrence. The growth curve showed that the micro algal isolates experienced exponential growth under daily sunlight exposure. The effect of temperature on the biomass and lipid extracted showed that Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella lewinii and Stigeoclonium tenue had the highest biomass yields of 8.01g/l, 12.17 g/l and 15.10 g/l respectively and lipid production of 3.30 µg/l, 3.11 µg/l and 5.11 µg/l respectively at 32 ℃. Further increase in temperature led to decrease in their biomass yields and lipid production. The effects of pH showed that all the microalgal isolates had its highest biomass yields and lipid production in an alkaline pH of 7.5 but when the pH was reduced up to 4.5, the resultant microalgal biomass yields and lipid production of the microalgal isolates decreased. The fatty acid profiles of the biodiesel derived from the microalgal isolates showed that it was composed mainly of palmitic, oleic, Myristic and Stearic acids which made it a viable fuel source.

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Jan, Malaťák, and Bradna Jiří. "Heating and emission properties of waste biomass in burner furnace." Research in Agricultural Engineering 63, No. 1 (March 28, 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/75/2015-rae.

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Utilization of waste suitable as a fuel for small combustion devices is a very important issue. Therefore, this article analyzes selected waste materials from agriculture and maintenance of municipal vegetation. The pellet samples from composting had very high ash content (22.39 and 36.85% wt.), which resulted in low values of net calorific value (12.66 and 10.24 MJ/kg), but also in bad properties of these samples in high concentration of harmful emission. Other problematic fuel samples were pellets from maintenance of city vegetation and reed canary grass, for which high concentration of carbon monoxide was measured during combustion process. The device used for these experiments is based on burner furnace. Combustion conditions could be improved by more uniform fuel supply to the burner and better control of combustion air. Boiler with advanced combustion control can reach better results during combustion process. Results in this article are valid for tested materials combusted in simple pellet burner with limited ability to control combustion process.

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Shelke, Gajanan Namdeorao, and P. Mahanta. "Biomass Briquette Characterization for Downdraft Gasification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 2442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.2442.

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The present study involves the preparation and characterization of the biomass briquettes made from saw dust and rice husk. Five samples with different compositions were prepared using the old news papers as the binder for both the biomass. Ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, heating value and handling characteristic of all the samples were determined. It was observed that the compositions of the biomass sawdust (BMS)-15 and biomass rice husk (BMR)-15 are suitable for the downdraft gasifier.

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Salmela, A., V. Lappalainen, T. Reponen, and P. Pasanen. "Retention of fungal enzyme activity in environmental liquid and filter samples." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 19, no. 2 (2017): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00554c.

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Canfield Jr., Daniel E., Edward Phlips, and Carlos M. Duarte. "Factors Influencing the Abundance of Blue-Green Algae in Florida Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 7 (July 1, 1989): 1232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-159.

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Phytoplankton samples collected from 165 Florida lakes were examined to determine relationships between blue-green algal abundance and environmental conditions. Blue-green algal biomass in the Florida samples was weakly correlated (r = −0.34) with water transparency and the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) (r = 0.47) and total phosphorus (TP) (r = 0.33). The relative contribution of blue-green algae to total phytoplankton biomass, however, did not decrease with TN/TP > 29. Blue-green algal biomass was strongly correlated (r = 0.90) to total algal biomass, and blue-green algae became consistently dominant when total algal biomass exceeded 100 mg/L.

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Skevi, Lorena, Vahiddin Alperen Baki, Yanjin Feng, Maria Valderrabano, and Xinyuan Ke. "Biomass Bottom Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material: The Effect of Mechanochemical Pre-Treatment and Mineral Carbonation." Materials 15, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238357.

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The need to mitigate the CO2 emissions deriving from the cement industry becomes imperative as the climate crisis advances. An effective strategy to achieve this is increasing the replacement level of cement clinkers by waste-derived supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). In this study, the use of mechanochemically activated biomass ash for high-volume (up to 40%) substitution of cement is investigated. The effect of mineral carbonation treatment on the performance of the mechanochemically treated biomass ash as SCM was also examined. The results showed that the mechanochemically treated biomass ash was the most effective SCM, with the respective samples at 40% cement replacement reaching 63% of the strength at 28 days as compared to samples with 100% Portland cement, while only 17% of the strength was achieved in samples with 40% untreated biomass ash. As suggested by the isothermal calorimetry, XRD, FTIR, and TG analysis, the mechanochemical treatment enhanced the reactivity and the filler effect of the biomass ash, leading to improved mechanical performances of these mortars compared to those containing untreated biomass ash. Mineral carbonation reduced the reactivity of the mechanochemically treated biomass ash but still led to better strength performances in comparison to the untreated biomass ash.

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McIntosh, Rebecca R., Brad Page, and Simon D. Goldsworthy. "Dietary analysis of regurgitates and stomach samples from free-living Australian sea lions." Wildlife Research 33, no. 8 (2006): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06025.

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Dietary remains recovered from Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) digestive tracts and regurgitate samples from Seal Bay (Kangaroo Island, South Australia) were used to identify prey species consumed. Four of eight digestive tracts collected (50%) contained prey items located only in the stomach. On the basis of biomass reconstruction of cephalopod prey remains, octopus contributed 40% of the biomass in the samples, giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama) contributed 30% and ommastrephid squids contributed 14% biomass. The remains of several fish species were found in the samples: leatherjacket (Monocanthidae), flathead (Platycephalus sp.), swallowtail (Centroberyx lineatus), common bullseye (Pempheris multiradiata), southern school whiting (Sillago flindersi) and yellowtail mackerel (Trachurus novaezelandiae). Southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) and swimming crab (Ovalipes australiensis) carapace fragments, little penguin (Eudyptula minor) feathers and bones and shark egg cases (oviparous species and Scyliorhinidae sp.) were also identified.

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Graciano, R. M. L., V. P. De Freitas, and M. Ábel. "Simultan sacharification and fermentation of tobacco samples." Analecta Technica Szegedinensia 8, no. 2 (May 12, 2014): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/analecta.2014.2.80-89.

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Tobacco plants (Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum) produce abundant biomass in more than 100 countries and could be used to produce abundant biofuels. Tobacco is an ideal crop for biobased products; it is a perennial herbaceous plant. About one quarter of the tobacco plant is cellulosic material. Tobacco stem is a by-product in the tobacco industry after the tobacco leaves are harvested. The utilization ratio of tobacco stem is only approximately 40% due to difficulties in the comprehensive utilization technologies of tobacco stem. Therefore most of the tobacco stems have gone to waste. This biomass appears attractive for conversion to ethanol because it contains very low amounts of the hard-to-convert woody material lignin. The aim of this study is to identify the best parameters of the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process on tobacco based substrate. Just to make this technology cheaper, the enzyme recovery was investigated by membrane technology. Polyethersulfone membrane filters with 0.1 µm were used for microfiltration followed by determination of proteins using photometer and Kjeldahl method to measure the enzyme recovery. The aim was to decide whether the microfiltration membrane with cut-off 0.1 µm is a proper membrane for recycling the enzyme. During the filtration, increased resistance and decreased flux were detected.

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Saarnio, K., K. Teinilä, S. Saarikoski, S. Carbone, S. Gilardoni, H. Timonen, M. Aurela, and R. Hillamo. "Online determination of levoglucosan in ambient aerosols with particle-into-liquid sampler – high-performance anion-exchange chromatography – mass spectrometry (PILS–HPAEC–MS)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, no. 10 (October 25, 2013): 2839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2839-2013.

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Abstract. Biomass burning, such as domestic heating, agricultural, and wild open-land fires, has a significant influence on the atmosphere at the global and, especially, at the local scale. Levoglucosan has been shown to be a good tracer for biomass burning emissions in atmospheric particulate matter, and several analytical techniques have been presented for the determination of levoglucosan from filter samples. In this paper, a novel combination of a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) to a high-performance anion-exchange chromatograph (HPAEC) with the detection by a mass spectrometer (MS) is presented for the online analysis of levoglucosan in ambient particles. The PILS–HPAEC–MS technique enables a fast online analysis of levoglucosan from the particulate samples. The method was tested at an urban background station in Helsinki, Finland, in winter 2011. A comparison with simultaneous levoglucosan measurements from filter samples by the HPAEC–MS was performed and it showed a good agreement between the online and offline methods. Additionally, the online levoglucosan data were compared with the biomass burning tracer fragments measured by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). As there were no local biomass burning sources close to the measurement station, online levoglucosan measurements revealed that most of the particles from biomass burning were either regionally distributed or long-range transported in the urban background of Helsinki. The average levoglucosan concentrations were relatively low (average 0.083 μg m−3) during the measurement campaign. The highest concentration peak measured for levoglucosan (1.4 μg m−3) seemed to originate from biomass burning in the Baltic countries, likely in Estonia, that was transported to Helsinki.

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Saarnio, K., K. Teinilä, S. Saarikoski, S. Carbone, S. Gilardoni, H. Timonen, M. Aurela, and R. Hillamo. "Online determination of levoglucosan in ambient aerosols with Particle-into-Liquid Sampler – High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (PILS–HPAEC–MS)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 19, 2013): 5495–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-5495-2013.

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Abstract. Biomass burning, such as domestic heating, agricultural, and wild open-land fires, has a significant influence on the atmosphere at the global and, especially, at the local scale. Levoglucosan has been shown to be a good tracer for biomass burning emissions in atmospheric particulate matter and several analytical techniques have been presented for the determination of levoglucosan from filter samples. In this paper, a novel combination of a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (PILS) to a high-performance anion-exchange chromatograph (HPAEC) with the detection by a mass spectrometer (MS) is presented for the online analysis of levoglucosan in ambient particles. The PILS–HPAEC–MS technique enables a fast online analysis of levoglucosan from the particulate samples. The method was tested at an urban background station in Helsinki, Finland, in winter 2011. A comparison with simultaneous levoglucosan measurements from filter samples by the HPAEC–MS was performed and it showed a good agreement between the online and offline methods. Additionally, the online levoglucosan data were compared with the biomass burning tracer fragments measured by a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). As there were no local biomass burning sources close to the measurement station, online levoglucosan measurements revealed that most of the particles from biomass burning were either regionally distributed or long-range transported in the urban background of Helsinki. The average levoglucosan concentrations were relatively low (average 0.083 μg m−3) during the measurement campaign. The highest concentration peak measured for levoglucosan (1.4 μg m−3) seemed to originate from biomass burning in Eastern Europe, likely in Estonia, that was transported to Helsinki.

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Haslett, SJ, and RG Wear. "Biomass estimation of Artemia at Lake Grassmere, Marlborough, New Zealand." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 4 (1985): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850537.

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During 1980-1982, a sampling program to estimate Artemia biomass was carried out over an annual cycle in the solar salt ponds of Lake Grassmere, Marlborough, New Zealand. Density of Artemia was highest over 238.5 ha of the 1782 ha in 13 ponds, averaging 0.55 m deep, which form the final stages in salt concentration. Artemia and hydrological samples were taken twice a month on 23 occasions from April 1981 to April 1982 inclusive, and on each occasion, 86 sample stations over four ponds were sampled in triplicate. An unbiased estimate of biomass using the arithmetic mean was developed, together with confidence interval estimates based on the bootstrap method giving 95% confidence bound estimates within 25% of the estimated total Artemia biomass in each sampled pond. Artemia biomass concentrations within 50 m of the pond edges were, on average, 2.5 times those at the pond centre, and the biomass estimation procedure was thus accordingly stratified. Generally, Artemia were contagiously distributed with the edge stratum biomass having a log-normal distribution at each sampling time. Biomass was highest during late spring and summer, and lowest in late autumn through winter. Maximum estimated total biomass over 238.5 ha was 12 000 kg dry weight during January 1982.

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Godhe, Anna, Maria E. Asplund, Karolina Härnström, V. Saravanan, Anuj Tyagi, and Indrani Karunasagar. "Quantification of Diatom and Dinoflagellate Biomasses in Coastal Marine Seawater Samples by Real-Time PCR." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 23 (October 10, 2008): 7174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01298-08.

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ABSTRACT Two real-time PCR assays targeting the small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were designed to assess the proportional biomass of diatoms and dinoflagellates in marine coastal water. The reverse primer for the diatom assay was designed to be class specific, and the dinoflagellate-specific reverse primer was obtained from the literature. For both targets, we used universal eukaryotic SSU rDNA forward primers. Specificity was confirmed by using a BLAST search and by amplification of cultures of various phytoplankton taxa. Reaction conditions were optimized for each primer set with linearized plasmids from cloned SSU rDNA fragments. The number of SSU rDNA copies per cell was estimated for six species of diatoms and nine species of dinoflagellates; these were significantly correlated to the biovolumes of the cells. Nineteen field samples were collected along the Swedish west coast and subjected to the two real-time PCR assays. The linear regression of the proportion of SSU rDNA copies of dinoflagellate and diatom origin versus the proportion of dinoflagellate and diatom biovolumes or biomass per liter was significant. For diatoms, linear regression of the number of SSU rDNA copies versus biovolume or biomass per liter was significant, but no such significant correlation was detected in the field samples for dinoflagellates. The method described will be useful for estimating the proportion of dinoflagellate versus diatom biovolume or biomass and the absolute diatom biovolume or biomass in various aquatic disciplines.

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Seid, Nebyat, Pia Griesheimer, and Anke Neumann. "Investigating the Processing Potential of Ethiopian Agricultural Residue Enset/Ensete ventricosum for Biobutanol Production." Bioengineering 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040133.

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The Enset plant is a potential food source for about 20 million Ethiopians. A massive amount of residual byproduct is discarded from traditional Ethiopian Enset food processing. This study shows a compositional analysis of Enset biomass and its use for biobutanol production. The Enset biomass was pretreated with 2% (w/v) NaOH or 2% (v/v) H2SO4 and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysates were then fermented anaerobically by C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum DSM 14923. The majority of Enset biomass waste samples contained 36–67% cellulose, 16–20% hemicelluloses, and less than 6.8% lignin. In all alkali-pretreated Enset biomass samples, the enzyme converted 80–90% of the biomass to glucose within 24 h, while it took 60 h to convert 48–80% of the acid-pretreated Enset biomass. In addition, the alkali pretreatment method released more glucose than the acid pretreatment in all Enset biomass samples. After 72 h of ABE fermentation, 2.8 g/L acetone, 9.9 g/L butanol, and 1.6 g/L ethanol were produced from mixed Enset waste hydrolysate pretreated with alkali, achieving an ABE yield of 0.32 g/g and productivity of 0.2 g × L−1 × h−1, showing the first value of butanol produced from Enset biomass in the literature.

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Janoszka, Katarzyna. "Determination of biomass burning tracers in air samples by GC/MS." E3S Web of Conferences 28 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182801015.

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Levoglucosan (LG) as a main cellulose burning product at 300°C is a biomass burning tracer. LG characterize by relatively high molar mass and it is sorbed by particulate matter. In the study of air pollution monitoring LG is mainly analyzed in particulate matter, PM1 and PM2,5. The tracer create relatively high O-H…O bond and weaker C-H…O bond. Due to the hydrogen bond, LG dissolves very well in water. Analytical procedure of LG determination include: extraction, derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. In water samples levoglucosan is determined by liquid chromatography. The paper presents a methodology for particulate matter samples determination their analysis by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector. Determination of LG content in particulate matter was performed according to an analytical method based on simultaneous pyridine extraction and derivatization using N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane mixture (BSTFA: TMCS, 99: 1).

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Karstens, Lisa, Mark Asquith, Vincent Caruso, James T. Rosenbaum, Damien A. Fair, Jonathan Braun, W. Thomas Gregory, Rahel Nardos, and Shannon K. McWeeney. "Community profiling of the urinary microbiota: considerations for low-biomass samples." Nature Reviews Urology 15, no. 12 (October 12, 2018): 735–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41585-018-0104-z.

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Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Estimating of Structural Composition of Wood and Non-Wood Biomass Samples." Energy Sources 27, no. 8 (June 2005): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310490450971.

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Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Relationships between lignin contents and fixed carbon contents of biomass samples." Energy Conversion and Management 44, no. 9 (June 2003): 1481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-8904(02)00168-1.

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Sebestyén, Zoltán, Emma Jakab, Zoltán May, Bálint Sipos, and Kati Réczey. "Thermal behavior of native, washed and steam exploded lignocellulosic biomass samples." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 101 (May 2013): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2013.02.011.

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Iranmanesh, Reza, Afham Pourahmad, Fardad Faress, Sevil Tutunchian, Mohammad Amin Ariana, Hamed Sadeqi, Saleh Hosseini, Falah Alobaid, and Babak Aghel. "Introducing a Linear Empirical Correlation for Predicting the Mass Heat Capacity of Biomaterials." Molecules 27, no. 19 (October 3, 2022): 6540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196540.

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This study correlated biomass heat capacity (Cp) with the chemistry (sulfur and ash content), crystallinity index, and temperature of various samples. A five-parameter linear correlation predicted 576 biomass Cp samples from four different origins with the absolute average relative deviation (AARD%) of ~1.1%. The proportional reduction in error (REE) approved that ash and sulfur contents only enlarge the correlation and have little effect on the accuracy. Furthermore, the REE showed that the temperature effect on biomass heat capacity was stronger than on the crystallinity index. Consequently, a new three-parameter correlation utilizing crystallinity index and temperature was developed. This model was more straightforward than the five-parameter correlation and provided better predictions (AARD = 0.98%). The proposed three-parameter correlation predicted the heat capacity of four different biomass classes with residual errors between −0.02 to 0.02 J/g∙K. The literature related biomass Cp to temperature using quadratic and linear correlations, and ignored the effect of the chemistry of the samples. These quadratic and linear correlations predicted the biomass Cp of the available database with an AARD of 39.19% and 1.29%, respectively. Our proposed model was the first work incorporating sample chemistry in biomass Cp estimation.

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Cubars, Edgars, Liena Poisa, Gotfrids Noviks, Rasma Platace, and Skaidrite Bumane. "Analysis of heavy metal content in the dry matter of different energy crops." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (June 17, 2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol2.242.

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The study shows results of research on heavy metals concentration in biomass of common reed, hemp and Reed canary grass. The research of common reed was performed during winter period from 2010 until 2012 in 11 natural and artificial water bodies of Latvia. For the harvested biomass in the spring of 2009 and 2010, hemp and reed canary grass samples were investigated.For the collected common reed samples the heavy metal content (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Fe) was established in the biomass. For the hemp and reed canary grass samples, Cd and Pb content were established in the biomass. On the basis of the findings of this research, the suitability of the plant biomass for energy production was analyzed.The heavy metal content in the common reed biomass is suitable for the requirements of solid biofuel. Common reed from all the reed beds of the Latgale (region of Latvia) can be collected in one place and used for the production of fuel. The removal of common reed will help to reduce the heavy metal content in the natural waters and sediment of the reed beds.In the hemp and reed canary grass samples the heavy metals were ascertained periodically. It was found that in some of the research samples they exceeded the MAC for fuel.

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Li, Xunmeng, Kai Wang, Jianqu Chen, and Shouyu Zhang. "Allometric Growth of Sargassum fusiforme (Ochrophyta, Fucales) Organs in the Maturation Period Based on Biomass Analysis of Samples from Gouqi Island." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 12 (November 23, 2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9121320.

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Sargassum fusiforme is a seaweed species that plays an important role in the diverse communities of the flora and fauna of coastal food webs. Assessments of its biomass and energy allocation in addition to allometric organ growth have important ecological value for understanding the community structure, carbon storage, and resource assessment of seaweed beds during periods in which they thrive. In this study, the morphology of Sargassum fusiforme and the biomass of organs and total organisms in the maturation period were studied, and the allometric relationships for different organs of Sargassum fusiforme were analyzed using the standardized major axis (SMA). In the maturation period of Sargassum fusiforme, branch number, height × stem diameter were the prior independent variables, and the optimum biomass was y = 0.002x1.107 (R2 = 0.923). The biomass allocation ratio of blades was the highest (38.33%), followed by stems (32.90%) and receptacles (28.77%). The growth rates of the various organs were found to differ, and the rate of biomass increase for the blades and stems tended to converge. The rate of receptacle biomass growth of Sargassum fusiforme was the highest in the maturation period, and the rate of organ biomass increase was Wb < Ws < Wt < Wr, which reflects the trade-off with energy allocation as a strategy used by Sargassum fusiforme.

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Jalalabadi, Tahereh, Matthew Drewery, Priscilla Tremain, John Wilkinson, Behdad Moghtaderi, and Jessica Allen. "The impact of carbonate salts on char formation and gas evolution during the slow pyrolysis of biomass, cellulose, and lignin." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 12 (2020): 5987–6003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0se01031f.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomass samples'

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