Journal articles: 'Biomass recovery'

1

Constantinescu-Aruxandei, Diana, and Florin Oancea. "Closing the Nutrient Loop—The New Approaches to Recovering Biomass Minerals during the Biorefinery Processes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032096.

Full text

Abstract:

The recovery of plant mineral nutrients from the bio-based value chains is essential for a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, wherein resources are (re)used sustainably. The widest used approach is to recover plant nutrients on the last stage of biomass utilization processes—e.g., from ash, wastewater, or anaerobic digestate. The best approach is to recover mineral nutrients from the initial stages of biomass biorefinery, especially during biomass pre-treatments. Our paper aims to evaluate the nutrient recovery solutions from a trans-sectorial perspective, including biomass processing and the agricultural use of recovered nutrients. Several solutions integrated with the biomass pre-treatment stage, such as leaching/bioleaching, recovery from pre-treatment neoteric solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or integrated with hydrothermal treatments are discussed. Reducing mineral contents on silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen biomass before the core biorefinery processes improves processability and yield and reduces corrosion and fouling effects. The recovered minerals are used as bio-based fertilizers or as silica-based plant biostimulants, with economic and environmental benefits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Madkour, Mohamed H., Daniel Heinrich, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Ibraheem I. Shabbaj, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "PHA Recovery from Biomass." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 9 (August 6, 2013): 2963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm4010244.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Xu, Youjie, Jun Li, Zhanguo Xin, Scott R. Bean, Michael Tilley, and Donghai Wang. "Water-Soluble Sugars of Pedigreed Sorghum Mutant Stalks and Their Recovery after Pretreatment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165472.

Full text

Abstract:

Chemical composition of biomass, especially carbohydrate content, is a critical indicator of a biomass source’s potential for biofuel applications. This study characterized physico-chemical properties of stalks from 16 representative pedigreed sorghum mutant lines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the recovery of sucrose and its hydrolysis products, glucose and fructose, during dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment at conditions typically used for lignocellulosic biomass, and to determine the relationship between water-extractive contents and sugar recovery after pretreatment. Dilute acid-pretreated sorghum stalks had enzymatic saccharification of >82.4% glucose yield for all treated samples with more than 82.3% cellulose recovery and 85% hemicellulose removal. A single-step, one-pot process was recommended for sorghum mutant stalks with low water-extractive content (<35%, w/w) to reduce processing cost and minimize wastewater disposal since the majority of sugars will be recovered after dilute acid pretreatment with minimal degradation products. However, for sorghum mutant stalks with high water-extractive content (>35%, w/w), a pre-washing step is beneficial to recover the water-soluble sugars before subjecting to the pretreatment process in order to avoid sugar losses during the pretreatment stage. Thus, different processing technologies should be applied to lignocellulosic biomass with various water-extractive contents and water-soluble sugar concentrations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kordialik-Bogacka, Edyta. "Cadmium and lead recovery from yeast biomass." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0001-2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe feasibility of the application of various eluents for recovery of lead and cadmium from Saccharomyces biomass has been investigated. Desorbing agents such as HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, EDTA and NaOH at concentrations of 0.05–0.5 M were used. The possibility of re-using of S. pastorianus for cadmium removal was assessed. Among the desorbing agents EDTA and mineral acids were the most effective, as approximately 85% of lead and cadmium could be recovered. However, when HNO3 and EDTA were used as desorbing agents, a dramatic loss in the cadmium adsorption by the biomass in the next cycles was observed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Dondi, Daniele, Cristina D. López Robles, Anna Magrini, and Marco Cartesegna. "Potential Water Recovery from Biomass Boilers: Parametric Analysis." Computation 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9050053.

Full text

Abstract:

A fundamental component of the losses of convection boilers is localized in the warm fumes that are expelled. In the warm fumes, not only energy is lost, but water is also formed from the combustion reaction in the form of steam which is expelled through the exhaust. Modern fuel boilers recover both the heat from the fumes and the latent heat of condensation from water vapor. Depending on the chemical composition of the fuel, different amounts of steam are produced together with heat and different combustion conditions, such as air in excess. In this article, a computational tool was established to simulate a combustion system mainly (but not only) focusing on the prediction of the amount of water produced. In fact, while steam in fossil fuel boilers is commonly condensed, this is not so when the fuel is a biomass. Furthermore, biomasses could contain moisture in different amounts, thus affecting the production of water and the heat of combustion. The study shows that a ten-fold amount of water is formed from biomass combustion with respect to fossil fuels (when the same energy output is produced). As a result, the recovery of water is amenable in biomasses, both from the energetic point of view and for liquid water production. In fact, the water recovered from the fumes might be also reused in other processes such as the cleaning of fumes or agriculture (after treatment).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Kwak, In Seob, Sung Wook Won, Jang Sik Shin, and Yeoung Sang Yun. "Recovery of Zero-Valent Ruthenium from Acetic Acid Waste Solution by a Combined Process of Biosorption with Bacterial Biosorbent Fibers and Incineration." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.564.

Full text

Abstract:

This study introduces a new process for the recovery of zero-valent ruthenium (Ru) from acetic acid waste solution by a combined process of biosorption with bacterial biosorbent fibers and incineration. As an effective sorbent to bind Ru-acetate complexes, polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified bacterial biosorbent fibers (PBBF) were developed and used for the experiments. The PBBF were prepared by extruding the blended mixture of chitosan-Corynebacterium glutamicum biomass as a fiber, coating the fiber with PEI and cross-linked using glutaraldehyde, consecutively. The role of chitosan in the bacterial biosorbent fiber was binder of the biomass. Batch biosorption studies showed that the maximum Ru uptakes of raw biomass and PBBF were estimated to be 16.0 and 110.5 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that PBBF was as fast as powder form of raw biomass. After biosorption, the Ru-acetate complexes ions sorbed biosorbents were incinerated for recover Ru as a metallic form. These biosorbent constituents could be burnt out and at the same time, the sorbed Ru-acetate complexes ions could be reduced to Ru0. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the Ru-acetate complexes ions were able to be reduced into metallic form of zero-valent Ru. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was applied for analysis of impurity metals in the recovered Ru containing ashes. The purity of metallic Ru by means of XRF was 99.79%. The proposed sequential process of biosorption and incineration for recovery of Ru from acetic acid waste solution would contribute to the solution of several problems such as the Ru recovery efficiency, generation of secondary waste, and recover costs and energy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Li, Gang, Zilin Li, Taikun Yin, Jingpin Ren, Yalei Wang, Youzhou Jiao, and Chao He. "Drying biomass using waste heat from biomass ash by means of heat carrier." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 5243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.5243-5254.

Full text

Abstract:

Agricultural and forestry biomass direct-fired power generation represents an important technology to promote low-carbon energy transition and sustainable development. To solve the problems of boiler output fluctuation caused by unstable combustion of high moisture content biomass and insufficient recovery of ash waste heat after combustion, steel heat carriers (HC) were used to absorb high-temperature ash (HTA) waste heat, and then HC was directly mixed with high moisture biomass for dewatering and drying. The thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery decreased with the increase of ash temperature, and the highest thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery was 77.4% at a heat-carrying spheres temperature (THC) of 600 °C and a mixing mass ratio of 3. Through the optimization of waste heat recovery and mixed drying process, at a biomass ash temperature of 800°C, 1 kg of ash was able to dry 0.75 kg of high moisture content biomass, resulting in a reduction in fuel moisture by about 10%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Molino, Antonio, Maria Martino, Vincenzo Larocca, Giuseppe Di Sanzo, Anna Spagnoletta, Tiziana Marino, Despina Karatza, Angela Iovine, Sanjeet Mehariya, and Dino Musmarra. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid Extraction from Nannochloropsis gaditana using Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Conditions." Marine Drugs 17, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020132.

Full text

Abstract:

This research shows that carbon dioxide supercritical fluid (CO2-SF) is an emerging technology for the extraction of high interest compounds for applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics from microalgae. The purpose of this study is to recover fatty acids (FAs) and, more precisely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass by CO2-SF extraction. In the paper, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment was evaluated with the aim of increasing FAs recovery. Extraction was performed at a pressure range of 250–550 bars and a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 and 14.48 g/min, while temperature was fixed at 50 or 65 °C. The effect of these parameters on the extraction yield was assessed at each extraction cycle, 20 min each, for a total extraction time of 100 min. Furthermore, the effect of biomass loading on EPA recovery was evaluated. The highest EPA extraction yield, i.e., 11.50 mg/g, corresponding to 27.4% EPA recovery, was obtained at 65 °C and 250 bars with a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 g/min and 1.0 g biomass loading. The increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced the cumulative EPA recovery at 250 bars. The purity of EPA could be improved by biomass loading of 2.01 g, even if recovery was reduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Zhao, Houben, Zhaojia Li, Guangyi Zhou, Zhijun Qiu, and Zhongmin Wu. "Aboveground Biomass Allometric Models for Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest Damaged by a Serious Ice Storm in Southern China." Forests 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030320.

Full text

Abstract:

A catastrophic ice storm occurred in the spring of 2008, which severely destroyed nearly 13% of China’s forests; among them, the broad-leaved forest suffered the most extensive damage. In this study, allometric models of the evergreen broad-leaved forests damaged at different recovery stages after the disaster were established to estimate the aboveground biomass of damaged trees. Plant plots were established and surveyed in damaged forests to determine species composition and diameter distribution, and finally a sample scheme was formulated that contained 47 trees from 13 species. The destructive measurements of aboveground biomass of trees selected according to the scheme were conducted in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2016, respectively. Undamaged trees in the same region were also selected to measure the biomass in 2010. Linear regression of logarithmic transformation of the power function form was performed using Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) as predictor to develop biomass allometric models. The results showed that the ice storm caused tree aboveground biomass loss, which caused different parameters of the tree biomass models at different recovery stages. The models have a high accuracy in predicting trunk and total aboveground biomass, with high determination coefficients (R2, 0.913~0.984, mean 0.957), and have a relatively low accuracy in predicting the biomass of branches and leaves (R2, 0.703~0.892, mean 0.784). The aboveground biomass reduced by 35.0% on average due to the ice storm, and recovered to the same level of undamaged trees in the same diameter 8 years after the disturbance. The branches and leaves recovered very fast, and the biomass of these parts exceeded that of the undamaged trees, reaching the same diameter 2 years after the disaster, indicating an over compensatory growth. The trees with a smaller diameter were mostly composed of middle and late succession species, and recovered faster than other species, indicating that the ice storm may alter the forest structure and accelerate community succession. The biomass allometric models built in this study, combined with forest inventory data, can estimate forest biomass loss and recovery after disturbance, and offer an important sense of the assessment of forest damage and the formulation of forest post-disaster management strategies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Zouboulis, A. I., K. A. Matis, E. G. Rousou, and D. A. Kyriakidis. "Biosorptive flotation for metal ions recovery." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 8 (April 1, 2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0480.

Full text

Abstract:

The solid/liquid separation of suspended, metals-loaded biomass was studied extensively by successfully applying flotation. Industrial non-living biomass samples of different origin have been tried in the laboratory as sorbents of metal ions, with the main stress on Streptomyces rimosus, an effective actinomyces. Flotation was used as the harvesting technique downstream, following the biosorption stage. Important parameters of the investigation were the solution pH, the surfactant type and concentration, the applied modification of biomass, etc. The reuse and recycling of biosorbent following elution was proved possible. As a result cleaned water was produced as underflow of the flotation process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Llovera, Laurence, and Bouchra Benjelloun-Mlayah. "Silica extraction from organosolv pretreated wheat straw." BioResources 17, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 3130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.3130-3147.

Full text

Abstract:

The silica contained in biomass is generally recovered from the ashes after combustion. In this study, the main objective was the recovery of silica from wheat straw, without degrading the other biomass components. To achieve this goal, the wheat straw was first pre-treated by an acidic organosolv process to separate it into its three major components: cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses. The silica, due to the pre-treatment conditions, was in the cellulose fraction, from which it was extracted, under alkaline conditions. The goal was to recover pure silica with suitable particle size and BET surface area, enabling its use in various industrial applications. The extraction and precipitation steps of silica recovery were studied. After optimization, the silica extraction conditions were set at pH 9 to 10 and 85 °C and the precipitation at pH 5 to 5.5. In these conditions, up to 82% of total silica in straw was extracted with high purity, an average particle size of 4 µm, and a BET surface area of 156 m2/g. In summary, silica can be extracted from lignocellulosic biomass, at high yield and purity, without affecting the biorefinery co-products’ yields and quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Nik Kechik Mujahidah Nik Abdul Rahman, Syamimi Saadon, and Mohd Hasrizam Che Man. "Heat Transfer Enhancement of Biomass Based Stirling Engine." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 100, no. 1 (December 6, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.100.1.110.

Full text

Abstract:

Stirling engine as an external combustion engine with high efficiencies and able to use any types of heat source is the best candidate to recover waste heat of the exhausted gas by converting it into power. Thus, in this study Stirling engine was introduced to evaluate the possibility of recovering waste heat from biomass to produce power. For this reason, Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation test was performed to design an initial computational model of Stirling engine for low temperature heat waste recovery. The CFD model was validated with the experiment model and shows 6.11% of average deviation. This result proves that the computational model can be further used to evaluate the performance of Stirling engine as waste heat recovery of biomass-based industrial boilers for low-grade temperature heat source.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kresnowati, M. T. A. P., D. C. Januardi, and S. V. Utomo. "Estimation of Xylose Recovery from Lignocellulosic Biomass." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1143, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1143/1/012022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Poulsen, Tjalfe Gorm. "Biomass: energy production, materials recovery, or both?" Waste Management & Research 31, no. 5 (April 22, 2013): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x13486059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ward, J., M. G. Rasul, and M. M. K. Bhuiya. "Energy Recovery from Biomass by Fast Pyrolysis." Procedia Engineering 90 (2014): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.791.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ma, Shaochun, Manoj Karkee, Patrick A. Scharf, and Qin Zhang. "Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12038.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Energy crops are important sources of feedstock for biofuel production. Feedstock cost, which accounts for more than 50% of biofuel operating cost, plays a significant role in the commercialization of biofuels. Energy crop harvesting cost is the biggest single contributor of the total feedstock production cost. Thus, investigation of harvesters to improve productivity and efficiency, and hence reduce costs, is important for biofuel production. The performance of an existing sugarcane harvester was evaluated in terms of biomass recovery rate and field efficiency to assess its adaptability for energy crop harvesting. The harvester performance was evaluated in Hawaii fields with three different energy crops: energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane. The biomass recovery rates achieved by the harvester were 83.0%, 86.6%, and 52.3%, respectively, for energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane, whereas the field efficiencies were 86.2%, 80.6%, and 59.6%, respectively. In another similar experiment with banagrass, the harvesting rate and field efficiency were 89.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The recovery rates in harvesting energy cane and banagrass achieved in this work were higher than the recovery rate of ~73% found in the literature. Similarly, the nominal field efficiency found in the literature for a harvester is ~70%. The sugarcane harvester used in this work achieved higher field efficiency with energy cane and banagrass harvesting compared to the nominal field efficiency (70%). Additionally, the limitations of existing machines in harvesting energy crops were analyzed to identify the main factors limiting biomass recovery rate and field efficiency. It was found that stubble leaning angle and machine off-track errors have the greatest effect on the harvester’s ability to recover biomass, whereas plugging issues may have a substantial effect on the field efficiency. Keywords: Adaptability, Biomass recovery rate, Chopper harvester, Energy crop, Off-track error, Stubble leaning angle.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Baumann, Matthew S., Gail F. Fricano, Katie Fedeli, Claire E. Schlemme, Mary C. Christman, and Melissa Vernon Carle. "Recovery of Salt Marsh Invertebrates Following Habitat Restoration: Implications for Marsh Restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico." Estuaries and Coasts 43, no. 7 (October 11, 2018): 1711–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-018-0469-5.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Recovery following salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico is investigated using meta-analysis for two salt marsh indicator invertebrates, the periwinkle snail (Littoraria irrorata) and amphipod crustaceans (Amphipoda). These invertebrates serve key marsh ecosystem functions including facilitating nutrient cycling and serving as prey for larger ecologically and economically important species. Recovery of periwinkles in restored marshes compared to reference sites is quantified by progression in population density and, because the species is long-lived (~ 10 years), in terms of biomass added per unit area each year following restoration. Amphipods are shorter-lived with high annual turnover; thus, recovery through time is estimated by the density of individuals rather than by biomass. The results of the analyses indicate progressive periwinkle recovery to equivalence with reference systems by year 4 in terms of density and year 6 with respect to annual biomass addition, while amphipod densities do not fully recover in the first 20 years following restoration. Although periwinkle recovery in terms of annual biomass addition reaches equivalence by year 6, the development of an age class structure characteristic of reference marshes would likely take longer because of the relatively long lifespan for this species. In addition to providing insight into the benefits of salt marsh restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico, the approach described can be applied more generally to restoration scaling in a natural resource damage assessment context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Chemura, Abel, Caleb Mahoya, Pardon Chidoko, and Dumisani Kutywayo. "Effect of Soil Moisture Deficit Stress on Biomass Accumulation of Four Coffee (Coffea arabica) Varieties in Zimbabwe." ISRN Agronomy 2014 (February 2, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/767312.

Full text

Abstract:

A study was conducted to evaluate four common coffee (Coffea arabica) varieties in Zimbabwe for drought tolerance and ability to recover. The plants were subjected to drought stress for 21 and 28 days with evaluation of recovery done 14 days after interruptive irrigation. Coffee varieties were not significantly different in initial fresh and dry biomass before stressing (P>0.05). CR95 had significantly accumulated more (P<0.05)dry root mass (0.8 g) than the rest of the varieties after 21 days of drought stress. SL28 and CR95 had an 8.3% increase in dry biomass while Cat128 did not gain any dry biomass after 21 days of drought stress. CR95 had significantly more (P<0.05) total dry biomass after 21 days and 28 days of drought stress while SL28 was consistently the least in both periods. Cat129 had the highest recovery gains in dry root, dry shoot, and total dry biomass after 21 days and 28 days of drought stress. Initial root biomass was negatively correlated with changes in total fresh and dry biomass of young coffee (r>0.60) after both 21 and 28 days of drought stress, indicating that root biomass may be the most important factor determining drought tolerance in coffee varieties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Thomas, Luke, and Stephen R. Palumbi. "The genomics of recovery from coral bleaching." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1865 (October 25, 2017): 20171790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1790.

Full text

Abstract:

Ecological damage from periodic environmental extremes is often repaired in resilient ecosystems, but the rate of return to a non-damaged state is critical. Measures of recovery of communities include biomass, productivity and diversity, while measures of recovery of individuals tend to focus on physiological conditions and the return to normal metabolic functioning. Transcriptomics offers a window into the entire physiology of the organism under stress and can represent a holistic view of organismal recovery. In this study, we track the recovery of seven colonies of Acropora hyacinthus following a natural bleaching event. We identified a large environmental stress response in the field that involved approximately 20% of the host transcriptome. The transcriptome remained largely perturbed for at least six months after temperatures had cooled and four months after symbiont populations had recovered. Moreover, a small set of genes did not recover to previous expression levels even 12 months after the event, about the time that normal growth rates resumed. This study is among the first to incorporate transcriptomics into a longitudinal dataset of recovery from environmental stress. The data demonstrate large and lasting effects on coral physiology long after environmental conditions return to normal and symbiont populations recover.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bret-Harte, M. Syndonia, Michelle C. Mack, Gaius R. Shaver, Diane C. Huebner, Miriam Johnston, Camilo A. Mojica, Camila Pizano, and Julia A. Reiskind. "The response of Arctic vegetation and soils following an unusually severe tundra fire." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 368, no. 1624 (August 19, 2013): 20120490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0490.

Full text

Abstract:

Fire causes dramatic short-term changes in vegetation and ecosystem function, and may promote rapid vegetation change by creating recruitment opportunities. Climate warming likely will increase the frequency of wildfire in the Arctic, where it is not common now. In 2007, the unusually severe Anaktuvuk River fire burned 1039 km 2 of tundra on Alaska's North Slope. Four years later, we harvested plant biomass and soils across a gradient of burn severity, to assess recovery. In burned areas, above-ground net primary productivity of vascular plants equalled that in unburned areas, though total live biomass was less. Graminoid biomass had recovered to unburned levels, but shrubs had not. Virtually all vascular plant biomass had resprouted from surviving underground parts; no non-native species were seen. However, bryophytes were mostly disturbance-adapted species, and non-vascular biomass had recovered less than vascular plant biomass. Soil nitrogen availability did not differ between burned and unburned sites. Graminoids showed allocation changes consistent with nitrogen stress. These patterns are similar to those seen following other, smaller tundra fires. Soil nitrogen limitation and the persistence of resprouters will likely lead to recovery of mixed shrub–sedge tussock tundra, unless permafrost thaws, as climate warms, more extensively than has yet occurred.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Ma, Haiyuan, Yan Guo, Yu Qin, and Yu-You Li. "Nutrient recovery technologies integrated with energy recovery by waste biomass anaerobic digestion." Bioresource Technology 269 (December 2018): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.114.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Thiel, Matt, Nathan Basiliko, John Caspersen, Jeff Fera, and Trevor Jones. "Operational biomass recovery of small trees: equations for six central Ontario tree species." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 3 (March 2015): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0429.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurate estimates of the amount of biomass that can be recovered at the roadside are needed to make informed decisions about whether to implement an increased utilization harvesting system to supply additional bioenergy feedstocks. Current estimates of recovery are based on total aboveground biomass equations that do not always account for the volume lost to the unharvested stumps or to tops and branches broken during forestry operations. The study took place in a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) mixedwood forest at the Petawawa Research Forest in central Ontario. Equations to describe recoverable biomass were developed from 371 cut and skidded trees, which ranged from 3 to 24 cm in diameter at breast height, across six species. For each species and diameter size class, we evaluated the difference between estimates produced by locally developed equations and those from published equations produced for other locations and forest types. Our recovered biomass estimates were generally higher than the Canadian national averages but within the observed range of published values from across North America. We report that small trees are recovered nearly in their entirety, with little breakage and loss during operations. The high degree of variability among estimates produced by the various equations poses one of the biggest challenges in accurately estimating roadside biomass in an operational setting.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Assemany, Paula Peixoto, Maria Lúcia Calijuri, Eduardo de Aguiar do Couto, Fernanda Pereira da Silva, and Mauro Henrique Batalha de Souza. "Energy recovery in high rate algal pond used for domestic wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 1 (November 14, 2017): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.570.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract High rate algal pond (HRAP) was evaluated according to its energy potential and productivity by two rates, net energy ratio (NER) and specific biomass productivity. All energy inputs were calculated according to one HRAP with pre-ultraviolet disinfection treating anaerobic domestic sewage. The outputs were calculated for two energetic pathways: lipid and biogas production for the raw biomass (RB) and biomass after lipid extraction. The non-polar lipid content in dry biomass was 7.6%, reaching a daily lipid productivity of 0.2 g/m2·day and the biogas production potential was 0.20 m3/kg solids. For the biomass after lipid extraction, the biogas production reached 2.6 m3/kg solids. NER values of 10−3 for the RB were similar for lipids and biogas routes. The specific biomass productivity was 0.7 mg/kJ. For the residual biomass, after lipid extraction, NER value was 10−2 for the integrated route (lipids + biogas) and the specific biomass productivity of the extracted biomass was 0.4 mg/kJ. The best energetic pathway was to integrate both lipids and biogas route.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Grappelli, A., L. Campanella, E. Cardarelli, F. Mazzei, M. Cordatore, and W. Pietrosanti. "Metals Removal and Recovery by Arthrobacter sp. Biomass." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 9-11 (November 1, 1992): 2149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0683.

Full text

Abstract:

Experiments on the real possibility of employing microorganisms to capture inorganic polluting substances, mainly heavy metals from urban and industrial wastes, are running using bacteria biomass. Many strains of Arthrobacter spp., gram-negative bacteria, diffused in the soil also inacondition of environmental stresses, have been proved to be particulary effective in heavy metal capture (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn). The active and passive processes in accumulation of metals by bacteria were studied. Our experiments have been done on fluid biomass and on a membrane both for practical use and for an easy recovery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Sherman, Kenneth, and Alfred M. Duda. "Toward Ecosystem-based Recovery of Marine Biomass Yield." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 30, no. 3 (May 2001): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-30.3.168.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Gurung, Anup, and Sang-Eun Oh. "Recovery of Sustainable Renewable Energy from Marine Biomass." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 45, no. 2 (April 30, 2012): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2012.45.2.156.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Pushparaj, Benjamin, Elio Pelosi, Giuseppe Torzillo, and Riccardo Materassi. "Microbial biomass recovery using a synthetic cationic polymer." Bioresource Technology 43, no. 1 (January 1993): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(93)90083-n.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Spinelli, Raffaele, Natascia Magagnotti, Fabio De Francesco, Giovanni Aminti, Michael Stauder, and Luigi Pari. "Biomass recovery from invasive species management in wetlands." Biomass and Bioenergy 105 (October 2017): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.07.012.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dotsenko, Gleb, and Lene Lange. "Enzyme Enhanced Protein Recovery from Green Biomass Pulp." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 4 (October 13, 2016): 1257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9718-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Tan, Zhongxin, and Anders Lagerkvist. "Phosphorus recovery from the biomass ash: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15, no. 8 (October 2011): 3588–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.05.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Picchi, Gianni, Luigi Pari, Antonio Scarfone, Maurizio Barontini, and Raffaele Spinelli. "Unearthing the hidden resource: biomass from rootstock recovery." Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2016): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1643.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Behera, B., K. Nageshwari, M. Darshini, and P. Balasubramanian. "Evaluating the harvesting efficiency of inorganic coagulants on native microalgal consortium enriched with human urine." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 6 (March 31, 2020): 1217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.143.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Flocculation is a common technique to harvest microalgae, where the negatively charged algal cells coalesce together to form larger flocs that settle under gravity. Although several inorganic flocculants have been applied for algal biomass recovery, the dosage varies depending on the algal strain-specific features. Thus, the selection of inorganic coagulant that can be applied at a low dosage for achieving the maximal biomass recovery under normal physiological conditions is necessary. The present study analyses the influence of different inorganic flocculants like ferric chloride (FeCl3), alum, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate on the biomass removal efficiency of a mixed microalgal consortium isolated from the open ponds of the National Institute of Technology Rourkela and further enriched with diluted human urine. Flocculation experiments were carried out with varying coagulant dosages, pH between 7.5 and 7.8, and 0.5 g L−1 algal concentration. The results revealed that FeCl3 at the dosage of 0.05 g L−1 and KAl(SO4)2 with the dosage of 0.04 g L−1 could be utilized to achieve the biomass recovery efficiency of 99.5% and 97.9%, respectively, within a duration of 5 min. An economic evaluation of the harvesting process showed KAl(SO4)2 to be the cheapest coagulant that could be feasibly used to recover algae at a large scale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mukeshimana, Gerardine, Amy L. Lasley, Wayne H. Loescher, and James D. Kelly. "Identification of Shoot Traits Related to Drought Tolerance in Common Bean Seedlings." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 139, no. 3 (May 2014): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.139.3.299.

Full text

Abstract:

Drought is an important abiotic stress that limits common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) productivity. The objective of this study was to determine shoot traits that are associated with drought tolerance in common bean seedlings. Ten common bean genotypes consisting mainly of cultivars and breeding lines from the Mesoamerican race of the Middle American gene pool were first evaluated in the greenhouse. Genotypes were grown in a shallow soil profile to limit root growth and assess shoot phenotypes under stress. Water stress was imposed by withholding watering for 24 days after planting. Traits evaluated included wilting, unifoliate senescence, stem greenness, and recovery from drought. Biomass and number of pods/plant produced after drought recovery were evaluated to quantify the effect of early drought stress on bean growth and reproduction. A second group of 94 common bean genotypes from the Bean Coordinated Agricultural Project (BeanCAP) were evaluated using the same protocol to determine the genetic variability for the same traits in a wider range of genotypes. In general, genotypes known to possess drought avoidance in the field conferred by deep rooting traits performed poorly in these conditions suggesting that the assay could be used to identify seedling shoot traits that contribute to drought tolerance. Genotypes from race Mesoamerica showed the greatest range in wilting. Genotypes that showed a slow rate of wilting maintained a green stem and had a higher recovery rate after watering. Importantly, these genotypes demonstrated a smaller reduction in biomass and pod number under stress compared with non-stress treatments. A few genotypes recovered completely despite expressing severe wilting, whereas the majority of genotypes with high wilting rates did not recover. Among the BeanCAP materials, genotypes bred in the rainfed midwestern United States showed overall better recovery than those bred under the irrigated production system used in the western United States. Because recovery from drought is a prerequisite to plant regrowth, biomass, and pod production after drought stress, factors that contribute to recovery were studied. Stem greenness was highly positively correlated to the recovery, whereas wilting was negatively correlated to the recovery. In a regression analysis, stem greenness and slow wilting were found to be important contributors to the variability of recovery. In addition, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance (gS) explained variation in wilting and stem greenness. These results suggest that wilting and stem greenness might be useful traits to screen for drought tolerance in seedlings of common bean.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Attene, Luca, Andrea Deiana, Alessandra Carucci, Giorgia De Gioannis, Fabiano Asunis, and Claudio Ledda. "Efficient Nitrogen Recovery from Agro-Energy Effluents for Cyanobacteria Cultivation (Spirulina)." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010675.

Full text

Abstract:

The present study aimed to obtain an efficient liquid nitrogen fertilizer from the by-product of anaerobic digestion for its subsequent use in the production of cyanobacteria (Spirulina). A simple recovery technology was tested based on the stripping and acid absorption, modifying temperature (50 and 70 °C) and pH (10 and 12), of the ammonia nitrogen contained in the digestate produced in a large-scale plant treating livestock manure and grass silage. The results demonstrated how, at a relatively low temperature (50 °C), using sulfuric and citric acid solution, it is possible to recover nitrogen from a digestate in the form of ammonium sulfate and ammonium citrate with yields of 70% and 72.1% respectively. By carrying out Spirulina growth tests, promising results were obtained under semicontinuous production, with a maximum dry biomass daily productivity of 0.344 g L−1 day−1 with ammonium sulfate and 0.246 gDW L−1 day−1 with ammonium citrate. The results showed that nitrogen can be efficiently recovered on site by using the organic acid, digestate and waste heat from anaerobic digestion for Spirulina biomass production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Grace, J. Mcfero, J. F. Klepac, and Steve E. Taylor. "Evaluating Forest Biomass Recovery in South Central Alabama Pine Plantations." Forest Science 65, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxy065.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractImproved use of forest biomass has been presented as a viable option to satisfy a portion of the demand for sustainable alternative sources of energy. Yet, there are considerable gaps in our understanding related to the efficiencies of current state-of-the-art forest biomass recovery systems. Southern pine plantation biomass stands typically exhibit higher stand densities and smaller-diameter trees than conventional stands, which, in turn, may result in reduced recovery efficiencies. In this study, the impact of new harvest systems for biomass recovery was investigated in typical southern pine plantation biomass harvests. Specifically, spatial and temporal effects on residue distribution were examined following biomass harvest of 14- and 24-year-old loblolly pine plantations. Preharvest total standing biomass for the younger site at 90 t ac–1 (220 t hectare–1) was half that of the older site at 160 t ac–1 (390 t hectare–1). Although the analysis detected no significant temporal effects on residue distributions, the preharvest condition exhibited 100 percent ground cover, whereas postharvest conditions had nearly 20 percent of the area designated as bare. Two of the five residue classifications, light debris and litter-herbaceous, were found to have a significantly higher incidence of occurrence than the other residue classifications on the sites based on a multinomial regression. In general, we found recovery efficiencies for both sites of 80 percent or greater for both methods of determination, by destructive sampling and based on load tickets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Wells, Jon M., Susan E. Crow, Samir Kumar Khanal, Scott Turn, Andrew Hashimoto, Jim Kiniry, and Norman Meki. "Anaerobic Digestion and Hot Water Pretreatment of Tropically Grown C4 Energy Grasses: Mass, Carbon, and Energy Conversions from Field Biomass to Fuels." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (April 24, 2021): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050838.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of C4 grasses as feedstocks for liquid fuel production and their climate mitigation potential remain unresolved in the tropics. To identify highly convertible C4 grasses, we measured final fuels and postprocess biomass produced in two laboratory-scale conversion pathways across 12 species and varieties within the Poaceae (grass) family. Total mass, carbon, and energy in final fuels and postprocess biomass were assessed based on field mass and area-based production. Two lignocellulosic processes were investigated: (1) anaerobic digestion (AD) to methane and (2) hot water pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis (HWP-EH) to ethanol. We found AD converted lignocellulose to methane more efficiently in terms of carbon and energy compared to ethanol production using HWP-EH, although improvements to and the optimization of each process could change these contrasts. The resulting data provide design limitations for agricultural production and biorefinery systems that regulate these systems as net carbon sources or sinks to the atmosphere. Median carbon recovery in final fuels and postprocess biomass from the studied C4 grasses were ~5 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for both methane and ethanol, while median energy recovery was ~200 MJ ha−1 year−1 for ethanol and ~275 MJ ha−1 year−1 for methane. The highest carbon and energy recovery from lignocellulose was achieved during methane production from a sugarcane hybrid called energycane, with ~10 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and ~450 MJ ha−1 year−1 of carbon and energy recovered, respectively, from fuels and post-process biomass combined. Carbon and energy recovery during ethanol production was also highest for energycane, with ~9 Mg C ha−1 year−1 and ~350 MJ ha−1 year−1 of carbon and energy recovered in fuels and postprocess biomass combined. Although several process streams remain unresolved, agricultural production and conversion of C4 grasses must operate within these carbon and energy limitations for biofuel and bioenergy production to be an atmospheric carbon sink.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Batal, K. M., D. R. Decoteau, J. T. Garrett, D. M. Granberry, D. C. Sanders, J. M. Davis, G. D. Hoyt, and R. J. Dufault. "CROP YIELD AND BIOMASS AS CORRELATED WITH N LEVELS AND COVER CROPS." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 748f—749. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.748f.

Full text

Abstract:

Cucumber and potato crops were tested in a rotation with winter cover crops at different locations in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina from 1991 to 1994. Biomass DM of vegetable crops was greatest when grown after crimson clover. Clover plantings resulted in a greater biomass than wheat when preceded spring cucumber crop. Vegetable biomass produced on clover plots or with N rates of 60 to 120 kg·ha–l was equivalent. Nitrogen recovery by cover and vegetable crops was enhanced by clover plantings. Clover biomass (tops only) provided an average of 138 kg N/ha for the cucumber crop, compared to an average of 64 kg N/ha provided by wheat. Nitrogen recovery by vegetable crops was also enhanced with 60–120 kg N/ha rates. Yields were highest when high N rates were used and when crops were produced on clover plots. Vegetable yield, cover crop biomass, and N recovery were positively correlated with vegetable biomass and applied N.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Benavides, Ana-Maria, Jan H. D. Wolf, and Joost F. Duivenvoorden. "Recovery and succession of epiphytes in upper Amazonian fallows." Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no. 6 (October 20, 2006): 705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003580.

Full text

Abstract:

The species richness, number of plants, biomass, and species composition of holo- and hemi-epiphytes were recorded in fifty-six 0.04-ha plots, distributed over forest fallows of 2–30 y old and mature forests in lowland Amazonia (Amacayacu National Park, Colombia). A total of 9190 epiphytic plants representing 162 species were recorded on 4277 phorophytes. Seventy species were classified as holo-epiphyte and 85 as hemi-epiphyte. Aroids were most diverse (58 species) and represented 76% of the total recorded biomass. Anemochory was more dominant among holo-epiphytes and zoochory among hemi-epiphytes. The species richness, density and biomass of both holo- and hemi-epiphytes increased significantly from young fallows to old fallows and mature forests. Hemi-epiphytes had greater density and biomass than holo-epiphytes. In canonical ordination, forest age did not relate to the species composition of holo-epiphytes. However, for hemi-epiphytes, the age effect was significant, suggesting that species turnover takes place in the ageing fallows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Britten, Gregory L., Carlos M. Duarte, and Boris Worm. "Recovery of assessed global fish stocks remains uncertain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 31 (July 26, 2021): e2108532118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108532118.

Full text

Abstract:

Concerns over overexploitation have fueled an ongoing debate on the current state and future prospects of global capture fisheries, associated threats to marine biodiversity, and declining yields available for human consumption. Management reforms have aimed to reduce fishing pressure and recover depleted stocks to biomass and exploitation rates that allow for maximum sustainable yield. Recent analyses suggest that scientifically assessed stocks, contributing over half of global marine fish catch, have, on average, reached or even exceeded these targets, suggesting a fundamental shift in the effectiveness of fisheries governance. However, such conclusions are based on calculations requiring specific choices to average over high interstock variability to derive a global trend. Here we evaluate the robustness of these conclusions by examining the distribution of recovery rates across individual stocks and by applying a diversity of plausible averaging techniques. We show that different methods produce markedly divergent trajectories of global fisheries status, with 4 of 10 methods suggesting that recovery has not yet been achieved, with up to 48% of individual stocks remaining below biomass targets and 40% exploited above sustainable rates. Furthermore, recent rates of recovery are only marginally different from zero, with up to 46% of individual stocks trending downward in biomass and 29% of stocks trending upward in exploitation rate. These results caution against overoptimistic assessments of fisheries writ large and support a precautionary management approach to ensure full rebuilding of depleted fisheries worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Brodie, William B., Stephen J. Walsh, and Dawn Maddock Parsons. "An evaluation of the collapse and recovery of the yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) stock on the Grand Bank." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 9 (August 16, 2010): 1887–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq121.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Brodie, W. B., Walsh, S. J., and Maddock Parsons, D. 2010. An evaluation of the collapse and recovery of the yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea) stock on the Grand Bank. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1887–1895. In 1994, the biomass of yellowtail flounder on the Grand Bank had declined to 20% of the biomass associated with the maximum sustainable yield (Bmsy) because of overfishing in the 1980s, and the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization (NAFO) declared a moratorium on fishing of this stock (and several others in the area). After 4 years of moratorium, the biomass had quadrupled, the fishery was reopened, and the biomass is now well above Bmsy. Based on advice developed within a precautionary approach framework, total allowable catches were set corresponding to a fishing mortality of ≤0.67 × Fmsy. When the fishery was reopened in 1998, several measures to reduce the fishing mortality and ensure continued recovery were introduced. We review and evaluate the science and the management strategies developed during the decline, collapse, and recovery, noting that yellowtail flounder is the only groundfish stock on the Grand Bank that has fully recovered after its collapse. Key management measures included the elimination of fishing by non-NAFO vessels, protection of strong year classes, and keeping the fishing mortality below 0.67 × Fmsy. Although overfishing is viewed as causing the stock decline, productivity was strongly affected by climatic conditions during the collapse and recovery. Changes in water temperature coincided with major changes in the catch and fishing mortality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Delfin, Evelyn F., Sarah Tepler Drobnitch, and Louise H. Comas. "Plant strategies for maximizing growth during water stress and subsequent recovery in Solanum melongena L. (eggplant)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): e0256342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256342.

Full text

Abstract:

Climate change is projected to increase the incidence of severe drought in many regions, potentially requiring selection for different traits in crop species to maintain productivity under water stress. In this study, we identified a suite of hydraulic traits associated with high productivity under water stress in four genotypes of S. melongena L. We also assessed the potential for recovery of this suite of traits from drought stress after re-watering. We observed that two genotypes, PHL 4841 and PHL 2778, quickly grew into large plants with smaller, thicker leaves and increasingly poor hydraulic status (a water-spender strategy), whereas PHL 2789 and Mara maintained safer water status and larger leaves but sacrificed large gains in biomass (a water-saver strategy). The best performing genotype under water stress, PHL 2778, additionally showed a significant increase in root biomass allocation relative to other genotypes. Biomass traits of all genotypes were negatively impacted by water deficit and remained impaired after a week of recovery; however, physiological traits such as electron transport capacity of photosystem II, and proportional allocation to root biomass and fine root length, and leaf area recovered after one week, indicating a strong capacity for eggplant to rebound from short-term deficits via recovery of physiological activity and allocation to resource acquiring tissues. These traits should be considered in selection and breeding of eggplant hybrids for future agricultural outlooks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Cerón, M. Carmen, Inmaculada Campos, Juan F. Sánchez, Francisco G. Acién, Emilio Molina, and Jose M. Fernández-Sevilla. "Recovery of Lutein from Microalgae Biomass: Development of a Process for Scenedesmus almeriensis Biomass." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56, no. 24 (December 24, 2008): 11761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf8025875.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Souza, Raquel, Ricardo Edvan, Larissa Fontes, Tairon Dias e Silva, Alex da Silva, Marcos Araújo, Rafael Miranda, et al. "Morphological and Productive Characteristics and Chemical Composition of Grasses in Degraded Areas Subjected to Pasture Recovery Methods." Grasses 2, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/grasses2010001.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics, yield and chemical composition of grasses in degraded areas subjected to pasture recovery methods. The randomized block design in a factorial scheme (4 × 5) with four replications (blocks) was used. The first factor was composed of four methods of pasture recovery: Closed pasture (CLP); Weed control (WC); Soil fertilization (SF); and Weed control + Soil fertilization (WC + SF). The second factor was composed of five species used for pasture recovery: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5, Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4, Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça. The structural characteristics of green biomass yield, dry biomass yield and chemical composition were assessed in those grasses. An effect of the interaction (p < 0.05) between forage species and recovery methods on number of clumps, plant height and clump diameter, with superiority for cultivar MG4 in the WC + SF method. The green biomass yield was low in the evaluated grasses because of the advanced stage of the degradation of the pastures. Dry biomass yields increased (p < 0.05) when the WC + SF method was adopted, with a good response of grass MG4. There was an interaction (p < 0.05) between species and recovery methods on dry matter, mineral matter and neutral detergent fiber contents of the grasses, especially Marandu grass. The different types of grasses responded positively to the methods of pasture recovery with increased biomass and nutritional quality.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Hogsden, Kristy L., and Rolf D. Vinebrooke. "Benthic grazing and functional compensation in stressed and recovered lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1999–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-098.

Full text

Abstract:

During ecosystem recovery, grazing pressure is expected to increase as larger herbivores become reestablished. Alternatively, grazing pressure may remain unchanged during recovery as large consumers replace and functionally compensate for more abundant populations of smaller, tolerant herbivores. We tested these hypotheses by conducting a 90-day experiment in which three size categories of benthic consumers were excluded from producers in three chemically stressed and three recovered lakes. Our findings showed that consumers did not significantly affect producer biomass in either type of lake. However, exposure to larger and more abundant grazers did induce a physiognomic shift towards less edible producers in the recovered lakes. In comparison, recovered lakes contained significantly greater producer biomass and diversity. Comparison of the observed subtle effects of consumers and pronounced negative impact of ecosystem stress on benthic producers suggest that they can compensate for natural disturbances (e.g., grazing), but not for the other multiple stressors associated with anthropogenic acidification of the Killarney lakes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Johnson, James E., and Carl L. Haag. "Predicting the Recovery of Red Pine Stump-Root Biomass." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 2, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/2.4.132.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A study was conducted to develop a prediction equation for harvestable stump and root biomass of red pine. Red pine stumps with attached root systems were harvested with an L. B. Foster VIBRO 50 stump puller attached to a Drott 50 loader. The stump-root systems were field dried, sectioned into system components, and weighed. Oven-dry weights for all stump and root fractions were determined. A curvilinear model was used to relate harvestable root biomass to dbh. In the plantation sampled, the harvestable stump-root system consisted of 20.0 metric tons/ha (8.9 tons/ac), which was 67% of the total stump-root system, and 11% of the total stand biomass. North. J. Appl. For. 2:132-134, Dec 1985.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ren, Yuanyuan, Han Sun, Jinquan Deng, Yue Zhang, Yuelian Li, Junchao Huang, and Feng Chen. "Coordinating Carbon Metabolism and Cell Cycle of Chlamydomonasreinhardtii with Light Strategies under Nitrogen Recovery." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122480.

Full text

Abstract:

Nutrient supplementation is common in microalgae cultivation to enhance the accumulation of biomass and biofunctional products, while the recovery mechanism from nutrient starvation is less investigated. In this study, the influence of remodeled carbon metabolism on cell cycle progression was explored by using different light wavelengths under N-repletion and N-recovery. The results suggested that blue light enhanced cell enlargement and red light promoted cell division under N-repletion. On the contrary, blue light promoted cell division by stimulating cell cycle progression under N-recovery. This interesting phenomenon was ascribed to different carbon metabolisms under N-repletion and N-recovery. Blue light promoted the recovery of photosystem II and redirected carbon skeletons into proteins under N-recovery, which potentially accelerated cell recovery and cell cycle progression. Although red light also facilitated the recovery of photosystem II, it mitigated the degradation of polysaccharide and then arrested almost all the cells in the G1 phase. By converting light wavelengths at the 12 h of N-recovery with blue light, red and white lights were proved to increase biomass concentration better than continuous blue light. These results revealed different mechanisms of cell metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during N-recovery and could be applied to enhance cell vitality of microalgae from nutrient starvation and boost biomass production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Zorn, Savienne, Ana Carvalho, Heitor Bento, Bruno Gambarato, Guilherme Pedro, Ana da Silva, Rhyan Gonçalves, Patrícia Da Rós, and Messias Silva. "Use of Fungal Mycelium as Biosupport in the Formation of Lichen-like Structure: Recovery of Algal Grown in Sugarcane Molasses for Lipid Accumulation and Balanced Fatty Acid Profile." Membranes 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12030258.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, a lichen-like structure was obtained through the production of a unique biomass, formed by algae cells of Scenedesmus obliquus adhering to the mycelium of filamentous fungal Mucor circinelloides. This structure was composed in two steps; in the first one, microalgal cells and spores were incubated separately, and in the second one, after 72 h of growth, isolated, mature mycelium was harvested and added to cell culture. For spores’ incubation, a culture medium containing only 2 g·L−1 of glucose and minerals was used. This culture medium, with low sugar content, provided a fungal biomass to the anchorage of microalgae cells. WC medium was used without and with sugarcane molasses supplementation for microalgae cells’ incubation. The lichen-type structure that was formed resulted in 99.7% efficiency in the recovery of microalgae cells and in up to 80% efficiency in the recovery of algae biomass in the lichen biomass composition. In addition, the resulting consortium attained a satisfactory lipid accumulation value (38.2 wt%) with a balanced fatty acid composition of 52.7% saturated plus monounsaturated fatty acids and 47.4% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since fungal species are easy to recover, unlike microalgae, the lichen-like structure produced indicates an efficient low-cost bioremediation and harvesting alternative; in addition, it provides an oleaginous biomass for various industrial applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Cook, R. M. "Stock collapse or stock recovery? Contrasting perceptions of a depleted cod stock." ICES Journal of Marine Science 76, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy190.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract ICES assessments of cod (Gadus morhua) in the west of Scotland (ICES Division 6a) suggest the biomass has collapsed and that fishing mortality rate (F) has remained high. In contrast, other stocks in the same fishery, and adjacent cod stocks all show marked declines in fishing mortality and some recovery of the biomass. The perception of the status of 6a cod appears to be dependent on the assumption that the fishery exploitation pattern is flat topped. An assessment that allows the exploitation to take a domed shape produces results that suggest a marked decline in fishing mortality rate and that the spawning stock biomass has recovered to the minimum biomass reference point, Blim. The reduction in F is consistent with substantial reductions in fishing effort and shows a similar pattern to stocks taken within the same fishery. The management implications arising from the two assessments differ substantially. The analysis indicates that benchmark assessments need to test assessment model conditioning assumptions more widely and that management advice needs to consider a more comprehensive range of information about the stock and fishery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Gebauer, Roman, Roman Plichta, Josef Urban, Daniel Volařík, and Martina Hájíčková. "The resistance and resilience of European beech seedlings to drought stress during the period of leaf development." Tree Physiology 40, no. 9 (May 29, 2020): 1147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa066.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Spring drought is becoming a frequently occurring stress factor in temperate forests. However, the understanding of tree resistance and resilience to the spring drought remains insufficient. In this study, European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings at the early stage of leaf development were moderately and severely drought stressed for 1 month and then subjected to a 2-week recovery period after rewatering. The study aimed to disentangle the complex relationships between leaf gas exchange, vascular anatomy, tree morphology and patterns of biomass allocation. Stomatal conductance decreased by 80 and 85% upon moderate and severe drought stress, respectively, which brought about a decline in net photosynthesis. However, drought did not affect the indices of slow chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating no permanent damage to the light part of the photosynthetic apparatus. Stem hydraulic conductivity decreased by more than 92% at both drought levels. Consequently, the cambial activity of stressed seedlings declined, which led to lower stem biomass, reduced tree ring width and a lower number of vessels in the current tree ring, these latter also with smaller dimensions. In contrast, the petiole structure was not affected, but at the cost of reduced leaf biomass. Root biomass was reduced only by severe drought. After rewatering, the recovery of gas exchange and regrowth of the current tree ring were observed, all delayed by several days and by lower magnitudes in severely stressed seedlings. The reduced stem hydraulic conductivity inhibited the recovery of gas exchange, but xylem function started to recover by regrowth and refilling of embolized vessels. Despite the damage to conductive xylem, no mortality occurred. These results suggest the low resistance but high resilience of European beech to spring drought. Nevertheless, beech resilience could be weakened if the period between drought events is short, as the recovery of severely stressed seedlings took longer than 14 days.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kim, Seunghee, Hyerim Son, So Young Pang, Jin Ju Yang, Jeongho Lee, Kang Hyun Lee, Ja Hyun Lee, Chulhwan Park, and Hah Young Yoo. "Optimization of Major Extraction Variables to Improve Recovery of Anthocyanins from Elderberry by Response Surface Methodology." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010072.

Full text

Abstract:

Elderberry, which is well known for its richness in anthocyanin, is attracting attention in the bioindustry as a functional material with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions to more effectively recover anthocyanins from elderberry. In a fundamental experiment to determine the suitable solvent, various GRAS reagents, such as acetone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and isopropyl alcohol, were used, and total phenol and anthocyanin contents were detected as 9.0 mg/g-biomass and 5.1 mg/g-biomass, respectively, only in the extraction using ethanol. Therefore, ethanol was selected as the extraction solvent, and an experimental design was performed to derive a response surface model with temperature, time, and EtOH concentration as the main variables. The optimal conditions for maximal anthocyanin recovery were determined to be 20.0 °C, 15.0 min, and 40.9% ethanol, and the total anthocyanin content was 21.0 mg/g-biomass. In addition, the total phenol and flavonoid contents were detected as 67.4 mg/g-biomass and 43.8 mg/g-biomass, respectively. The very simple and economical extraction conditions suggested in this study contributed to improving the utilization potential of anthocyanin, a useful antioxidant derived from elderberry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Biomass recovery'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles