Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biomass recovery

Academic literature on the topic 'Biomass recovery'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Biomass recovery"

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Constantinescu-Aruxandei, Diana, and Florin Oancea. "Closing the Nutrient Loop—The New Approaches to Recovering Biomass Minerals during the Biorefinery Processes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032096.

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The recovery of plant mineral nutrients from the bio-based value chains is essential for a sustainable, circular bioeconomy, wherein resources are (re)used sustainably. The widest used approach is to recover plant nutrients on the last stage of biomass utilization processes—e.g., from ash, wastewater, or anaerobic digestate. The best approach is to recover mineral nutrients from the initial stages of biomass biorefinery, especially during biomass pre-treatments. Our paper aims to evaluate the nutrient recovery solutions from a trans-sectorial perspective, including biomass processing and the agricultural use of recovered nutrients. Several solutions integrated with the biomass pre-treatment stage, such as leaching/bioleaching, recovery from pre-treatment neoteric solvents, ionic liquids (ILs), and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) or integrated with hydrothermal treatments are discussed. Reducing mineral contents on silicon, phosphorus, and nitrogen biomass before the core biorefinery processes improves processability and yield and reduces corrosion and fouling effects. The recovered minerals are used as bio-based fertilizers or as silica-based plant biostimulants, with economic and environmental benefits.
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Madkour, Mohamed H., Daniel Heinrich, Mansour A. Alghamdi, Ibraheem I. Shabbaj, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "PHA Recovery from Biomass." Biomacromolecules 14, no. 9 (August 6, 2013): 2963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm4010244.

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Xu, Youjie, Jun Li, Zhanguo Xin, Scott R. Bean, Michael Tilley, and Donghai Wang. "Water-Soluble Sugars of Pedigreed Sorghum Mutant Stalks and Their Recovery after Pretreatment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 5472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165472.

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Chemical composition of biomass, especially carbohydrate content, is a critical indicator of a biomass source’s potential for biofuel applications. This study characterized physico-chemical properties of stalks from 16 representative pedigreed sorghum mutant lines. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the recovery of sucrose and its hydrolysis products, glucose and fructose, during dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment at conditions typically used for lignocellulosic biomass, and to determine the relationship between water-extractive contents and sugar recovery after pretreatment. Dilute acid-pretreated sorghum stalks had enzymatic saccharification of >82.4% glucose yield for all treated samples with more than 82.3% cellulose recovery and 85% hemicellulose removal. A single-step, one-pot process was recommended for sorghum mutant stalks with low water-extractive content (<35%, w/w) to reduce processing cost and minimize wastewater disposal since the majority of sugars will be recovered after dilute acid pretreatment with minimal degradation products. However, for sorghum mutant stalks with high water-extractive content (>35%, w/w), a pre-washing step is beneficial to recover the water-soluble sugars before subjecting to the pretreatment process in order to avoid sugar losses during the pretreatment stage. Thus, different processing technologies should be applied to lignocellulosic biomass with various water-extractive contents and water-soluble sugar concentrations.
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Kordialik-Bogacka, Edyta. "Cadmium and lead recovery from yeast biomass." Open Chemistry 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0001-2.

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AbstractThe feasibility of the application of various eluents for recovery of lead and cadmium from Saccharomyces biomass has been investigated. Desorbing agents such as HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, EDTA and NaOH at concentrations of 0.05–0.5 M were used. The possibility of re-using of S. pastorianus for cadmium removal was assessed. Among the desorbing agents EDTA and mineral acids were the most effective, as approximately 85% of lead and cadmium could be recovered. However, when HNO3 and EDTA were used as desorbing agents, a dramatic loss in the cadmium adsorption by the biomass in the next cycles was observed.
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Dondi, Daniele, Cristina D. López Robles, Anna Magrini, and Marco Cartesegna. "Potential Water Recovery from Biomass Boilers: Parametric Analysis." Computation 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation9050053.

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A fundamental component of the losses of convection boilers is localized in the warm fumes that are expelled. In the warm fumes, not only energy is lost, but water is also formed from the combustion reaction in the form of steam which is expelled through the exhaust. Modern fuel boilers recover both the heat from the fumes and the latent heat of condensation from water vapor. Depending on the chemical composition of the fuel, different amounts of steam are produced together with heat and different combustion conditions, such as air in excess. In this article, a computational tool was established to simulate a combustion system mainly (but not only) focusing on the prediction of the amount of water produced. In fact, while steam in fossil fuel boilers is commonly condensed, this is not so when the fuel is a biomass. Furthermore, biomasses could contain moisture in different amounts, thus affecting the production of water and the heat of combustion. The study shows that a ten-fold amount of water is formed from biomass combustion with respect to fossil fuels (when the same energy output is produced). As a result, the recovery of water is amenable in biomasses, both from the energetic point of view and for liquid water production. In fact, the water recovered from the fumes might be also reused in other processes such as the cleaning of fumes or agriculture (after treatment).
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Kwak, In Seob, Sung Wook Won, Jang Sik Shin, and Yeoung Sang Yun. "Recovery of Zero-Valent Ruthenium from Acetic Acid Waste Solution by a Combined Process of Biosorption with Bacterial Biosorbent Fibers and Incineration." Advanced Materials Research 825 (October 2013): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.825.564.

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This study introduces a new process for the recovery of zero-valent ruthenium (Ru) from acetic acid waste solution by a combined process of biosorption with bacterial biosorbent fibers and incineration. As an effective sorbent to bind Ru-acetate complexes, polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified bacterial biosorbent fibers (PBBF) were developed and used for the experiments. The PBBF were prepared by extruding the blended mixture of chitosan-Corynebacterium glutamicum biomass as a fiber, coating the fiber with PEI and cross-linked using glutaraldehyde, consecutively. The role of chitosan in the bacterial biosorbent fiber was binder of the biomass. Batch biosorption studies showed that the maximum Ru uptakes of raw biomass and PBBF were estimated to be 16.0 and 110.5 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that PBBF was as fast as powder form of raw biomass. After biosorption, the Ru-acetate complexes ions sorbed biosorbents were incinerated for recover Ru as a metallic form. These biosorbent constituents could be burnt out and at the same time, the sorbed Ru-acetate complexes ions could be reduced to Ru0. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the Ru-acetate complexes ions were able to be reduced into metallic form of zero-valent Ru. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) was applied for analysis of impurity metals in the recovered Ru containing ashes. The purity of metallic Ru by means of XRF was 99.79%. The proposed sequential process of biosorption and incineration for recovery of Ru from acetic acid waste solution would contribute to the solution of several problems such as the Ru recovery efficiency, generation of secondary waste, and recover costs and energy.
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Li, Gang, Zilin Li, Taikun Yin, Jingpin Ren, Yalei Wang, Youzhou Jiao, and Chao He. "Drying biomass using waste heat from biomass ash by means of heat carrier." BioResources 17, no. 3 (July 26, 2022): 5243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.5243-5254.

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Agricultural and forestry biomass direct-fired power generation represents an important technology to promote low-carbon energy transition and sustainable development. To solve the problems of boiler output fluctuation caused by unstable combustion of high moisture content biomass and insufficient recovery of ash waste heat after combustion, steel heat carriers (HC) were used to absorb high-temperature ash (HTA) waste heat, and then HC was directly mixed with high moisture biomass for dewatering and drying. The thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery decreased with the increase of ash temperature, and the highest thermal efficiency of waste heat recovery was 77.4% at a heat-carrying spheres temperature (THC) of 600 °C and a mixing mass ratio of 3. Through the optimization of waste heat recovery and mixed drying process, at a biomass ash temperature of 800°C, 1 kg of ash was able to dry 0.75 kg of high moisture content biomass, resulting in a reduction in fuel moisture by about 10%.
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Molino, Antonio, Maria Martino, Vincenzo Larocca, Giuseppe Di Sanzo, Anna Spagnoletta, Tiziana Marino, Despina Karatza, Angela Iovine, Sanjeet Mehariya, and Dino Musmarra. "Eicosapentaenoic Acid Extraction from Nannochloropsis gaditana using Carbon Dioxide at Supercritical Conditions." Marine Drugs 17, no. 2 (February 22, 2019): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17020132.

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This research shows that carbon dioxide supercritical fluid (CO2-SF) is an emerging technology for the extraction of high interest compounds for applications in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics from microalgae. The purpose of this study is to recover fatty acids (FAs) and, more precisely, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from Nannochloropsis gaditana biomass by CO2-SF extraction. In the paper, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment was evaluated with the aim of increasing FAs recovery. Extraction was performed at a pressure range of 250–550 bars and a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 and 14.48 g/min, while temperature was fixed at 50 or 65 °C. The effect of these parameters on the extraction yield was assessed at each extraction cycle, 20 min each, for a total extraction time of 100 min. Furthermore, the effect of biomass loading on EPA recovery was evaluated. The highest EPA extraction yield, i.e., 11.50 mg/g, corresponding to 27.4% EPA recovery, was obtained at 65 °C and 250 bars with a CO2 flow rate of 7.24 g/min and 1.0 g biomass loading. The increased CO2 flow rate from 7.24 to 14.48 g/min enhanced the cumulative EPA recovery at 250 bars. The purity of EPA could be improved by biomass loading of 2.01 g, even if recovery was reduced.
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Zhao, Houben, Zhaojia Li, Guangyi Zhou, Zhijun Qiu, and Zhongmin Wu. "Aboveground Biomass Allometric Models for Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest Damaged by a Serious Ice Storm in Southern China." Forests 11, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030320.

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A catastrophic ice storm occurred in the spring of 2008, which severely destroyed nearly 13% of China’s forests; among them, the broad-leaved forest suffered the most extensive damage. In this study, allometric models of the evergreen broad-leaved forests damaged at different recovery stages after the disaster were established to estimate the aboveground biomass of damaged trees. Plant plots were established and surveyed in damaged forests to determine species composition and diameter distribution, and finally a sample scheme was formulated that contained 47 trees from 13 species. The destructive measurements of aboveground biomass of trees selected according to the scheme were conducted in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2016, respectively. Undamaged trees in the same region were also selected to measure the biomass in 2010. Linear regression of logarithmic transformation of the power function form was performed using Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) as predictor to develop biomass allometric models. The results showed that the ice storm caused tree aboveground biomass loss, which caused different parameters of the tree biomass models at different recovery stages. The models have a high accuracy in predicting trunk and total aboveground biomass, with high determination coefficients (R2, 0.913~0.984, mean 0.957), and have a relatively low accuracy in predicting the biomass of branches and leaves (R2, 0.703~0.892, mean 0.784). The aboveground biomass reduced by 35.0% on average due to the ice storm, and recovered to the same level of undamaged trees in the same diameter 8 years after the disturbance. The branches and leaves recovered very fast, and the biomass of these parts exceeded that of the undamaged trees, reaching the same diameter 2 years after the disaster, indicating an over compensatory growth. The trees with a smaller diameter were mostly composed of middle and late succession species, and recovered faster than other species, indicating that the ice storm may alter the forest structure and accelerate community succession. The biomass allometric models built in this study, combined with forest inventory data, can estimate forest biomass loss and recovery after disturbance, and offer an important sense of the assessment of forest damage and the formulation of forest post-disaster management strategies.
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Zouboulis, A. I., K. A. Matis, E. G. Rousou, and D. A. Kyriakidis. "Biosorptive flotation for metal ions recovery." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 8 (April 1, 2001): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0480.

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The solid/liquid separation of suspended, metals-loaded biomass was studied extensively by successfully applying flotation. Industrial non-living biomass samples of different origin have been tried in the laboratory as sorbents of metal ions, with the main stress on Streptomyces rimosus, an effective actinomyces. Flotation was used as the harvesting technique downstream, following the biosorption stage. Important parameters of the investigation were the solution pH, the surfactant type and concentration, the applied modification of biomass, etc. The reuse and recycling of biosorbent following elution was proved possible. As a result cleaned water was produced as underflow of the flotation process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomass recovery"

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Vanneste-Ibarcq, Clément. "Study of biomass powders in the context of thermal recovery processes." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0019/document.

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Certains procédés de production d’énergie nécessitent l’utilisation de poudres de biomasse, par exemple la gazéification en réacteur à flux entraîné (RFE). Cependant, les poudres de biomasse ont une mauvaise coulabilité. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier leurs propriétés d’écoulement dans le contexte de la gazéification en RFE, à l’échelle du laboratoire et à l’échelle pilote. A l’échelle du laboratoire, des mesures en tambour rotatif, des tests de cisaillement et des mesures de densité ont été effectués. D’une part, une corrélation est mise en évidence entre la cohésion (issue des tests de cisaillement), la densité et l’angle d’avalanche (tiré des mesures en tambour). Ainsi, un paramètre difficile à obtenir comme la cohésion peut l’être à partir de mesures simples. D’autre part, l’influence de l’humidité sur la coulabilité des poudres de biomasse a été évaluée. L’humidité n’a pas d’effet significatif sous 15 % (en masse, base humide), car l’eau est adsorbée dans la structure de la biomasse ; les particules gonflent et ne sont pas liées par des ponts liquides. Un procédé de granulation humide est proposé. Un liant issu de déchets de biomasse est ajouté à la poudre pour former des granulés d’environ 1 mm. Leur forme sphérique diminue l’entrelacement des particules et leur faible polydispersité diminue le nombre de points de contact. Une amélioration de l’écoulement est observée à l’échelle labo. Une étude énergétique montre que la consommation énergétique du procédé peut descendre jusqu’à 12% du pouvoir calorifique inférieur, ce qui suggère une potentielle rentabilité économique du procédé. Enfin, la caractérisation à l’échelle supérieure est effectuée dans un pilote reproduisant l’injection en RFE. Les résultats montrent le rôle essentiel de la sphéricité et d’une faible polydispersité des particules. L’effet positif de la torréfaction et de la granulation sur la coulabilité est mis en évidence
Some power generation processes require the biomass to be finely ground, such as biomass gasification in entrained flow reactors. However, fine biomass powders are cohesive and present flow issues. This thesis aims to study the biomass powder flowability in the context of the entrained flow gasification process. Biomass powders are characterized both at laboratory scale and pilot scale. Characterization at lab scale consisted of rotating drum measurements, shear tests and density measurements. First, a correlation is found between the cohesion (derived from shear tests), the powder density and the avalanche angle (derived from the rotating drum measurements). Thus, parameters difficult to get such as the cohesion can be obtained with easy to perform measurements. Then, the influence of moisture content on wood powder flowability has been assessed. No significant effect of the water content is found below 15 wt% (wet basis). Below 15%, as water is adsorbed in the biomass structure, the particles swell without being linked by liquid bridges. A wet granulation method is proposed. Biomass waste binders are added to the powder to form granules around 1 mm. The spherical shape lowers the interlocking phenomenon. The low size dispersity of the grains decreases the number of contact points between particles. An improvement of the flowability at lab scale is observed. An energetic study of the granulation process is proposed, showing the energy consumption can be as low as 12% of the biomass Lowest Heating Value. Thus, the process is potentially economically profitable. Finally, characterization at pilot scale is performed with a device mimicking the injection in an entrained flow reactor. The results show the essential roles in the injection step of both the spherical shape and the narrow size distribution of the particles. The positive effect of torrefaction and granulation on the flowability is highlighted
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Aulakh, Jaspreet Gallagher Thomas Vincent. "Implementing residue chippers on harvesting operation for biomass recovery." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Forestry_and_Wildlife_Sciences/Thesis/Aulakh_Jaspreet_37.pdf.

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Pena, Jenny Juliana. "Study of chars prepared from biomass wastes : material and energy recovery." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0104.

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L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier la valorisation des chars de biomasse. Dans ce contexte de transition énergétique, les biomasses sélectionnées sont les écales de sarrasin et de millet, assez pu étudiées jusqu'à maintenant, produites localement pour contribuer au développement de l'économie circulaire et qui ne compromettent pas une filière de valorisation connue. Dans ce travail, la valorisation matière est abordée à travers la réutilisation de ces résidus dans des procédés d'épuration catalytique de syngaz ou dépuration de biogaz pour lesquels les polluants sont respectivement les goudrons et le sulfure d'hydrogène. Des bilans énergétiques relatifs à la production de ces chars ont été établis et des indicateurs d'efficacité énergétiques ont été calculés. Pour ce faire, les chars ont été produits à 500 °C puis caractérisés par des analyses chimiques et physiques. Afin de leur conférer de meilleures propriétés poreuses nécessaires pour les applications d'épuration de gaz en lit fixe, des activations ont été réalisées à 850 °C avec du CO₂ ou de la vapeur d'eau. Les écales de sarrasin se révèlent être une biomasse assez classique et la particularité des écales de millet est de présenter des taux élevés en silicium. Si les chars de pyrolyse ont montré une efficacité faible dans l'épuration des gaz, l'activation leur ouvre de nouvelles potentialités, notamment pour les écales de sarrasin qui s'apparentent alors à des charbons actifs. Les chars des écales de sarrasin démontrent leur intérêt lorsqu'ils sont activés à la vapeur d'eau pour la purification du syngaz et ils conservent leur pouvoir calorifique (PCI) que permet d'envisager une valorisation énergétique par gazéification. Ces résultats montrent également qu'en fonction de la nature de la biomasse et du type d'activation, les objectifs de valorisation matière et énergie sont parfois incompatibles
The aim of the thesis is to study the valorization of chars prepared from biomass wastes. In this context of energy transition, the selected biomasses are the buckwheat and millet husks since they are barely studied until now. In addition these wastes are produced locally, contribute to the developement of the circular economy and to not compromise a known value chain. In this word, material recovery is approcached through the reuse of these residues in syngaz and biogas cleaning processus in order to remove key pollutants such as tars and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Energy balances form the prodution fo these chars have been established and energy efficiency indicators have been calculated. The chars were produced at 500 °C and then characterized by chemical and physical analysis. In order to provide them porous properties necessary for fixed-bed gas cleaning applications, activations were carried out at 850 °C with CO₂ or steam. Buckwheat husks turn out to be a fairly conventional biomass and the particularity of millet husks is to have high levels of silicon. If pyrolysis chars have shown a low efficiency in the purification of gases, activation opens up new potential for them, especially for materials from buckwheat husks, which are similar to activated carbons. When activated with steam these chars show interesting efficiency for the purification of syngas and they conserve their calorific value (LHV) which makes it possible to consider an energy recovery through gasification. Results from this study also show that depending on the nature of biomass and type of activation, the material valorization and energy recovery are sometimes incompatible
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Ekpo, Ugochinyere Ngozi. "The potential for recovery of nutrients from biomass by hydrothermal processing." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13521/.

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Hydrothermal processing has received increased interest mostly in the area of waste conversion to higher density fuels. However in addition to energy generation from these materials, it has become a promising route for nutrient extraction and recovery from either the solid or aqueous products depending on the processing temperature. This research was carried out in phases with the aim to improve extraction of nitrogen and phosphorus from various nutrient-rich wet wastes and the potential to recover these nutrients by biological means or by adsorption unto biochar. The initial study was on various hydrothermal processing routes – thermal hydrolysis (TH), hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC), hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG) at 170°C, 250°C, 350°C and 500°C respectively using high moisture and high nutrient feedstocks namely microalgae, digestate, swine manure and chicken manure. Experiments were conducted with 10:1 water: solid ratio and 1 hour residence time except for SCWG which was 30 minutes with 15:1 water: solid ratio. The fate of N, P and other inorganics from each feedstock during these processes were investigated as well as the product yields, composition of the aqueous products and solid products. The results indicate that feedstocks behave differently during hydrothermal processing with the composition and yields of by products depending largely on feedstock composition and processing temperature. Highest solid yields were obtained at lowest temperatures while highest gas yields were obtained at the highest temperature. HTL favour formation of highest biocrude. Aqueous products from lower temperatures contain higher P levels (mainly organic-P and less phosphate) and lower N levels (mainly organic-N and less NH3-N). At higher temperature it is vice versa. Extracted P depends on Ca, Mg and Fe in unprocessed feedstock. P is immobilised in solid product at higher temperatures. TOC in aqueous product decrease with increasing processing temperature. The effect of additives on nutrient extraction during low temperature processing –Thermal hydrolysis at 120°C and 170°C as well as HTC at 200°C and 250°C using different reagents - alkali (0.1M NaOH), mineral acid (0.1M H2SO4) and organic acids, (0.1M CH3COOH and 0.1M HCOOH) was investigated. All experiments were performed with 10:1 water: solid ratio in high pressure 600 mL Parr batch reactor for 1 hour. The nutrient mass flow balance during these processes, the composition of the aqueous product and solid products were investigated. The results indicate that TN is significantly affected by temperature rather than pH. NH3-N in aqueous product increases with increasing temperature while organic- N reduces. Phosphorus extraction is pH and temperature dependent and further enhanced with additives. Acidic conditions favour phosphorus extraction especially with H2SO4 at all temperatures; highest (94%) extracted using H2SO4 at 170°C and presents opportunity for nutrient recovery. Neutral or basic conditions immobilise P in hydrochar and offers potential route for manure management as P-loss is reduced in the environment. Mg, Na and K are mostly extracted into aqueous product, while Ca and P concentrate in solid product as temperature increases. Acidic conditions extracted higher levels of micronutrient compared to water or NaOH. Generally micronutrients were more in the solid for most additives except H2SO4 while Ni and Al were mostly in the solid products. Microwave pre-treatment of various feedstocks such as sewage sludge, microalgae, digestate and manures was performed with 15:1 water: solid ratio at 120°C for 15 minutes. Also the influence of additives on nutrient extraction from swine manure was also investigated. Results show that aqueous products contain significant levels of N and P; nitrogen mainly as organic-N rather than NH3-N for all feedstock while it was mainly as organic-P for sewage sludge and digestate and more as phosphate with microalgae and manures. High TP was extracted with acidic reagents rather than with water or NaOH. With most additives, N in aqueous product was mainly as organic-N than NH3-N while P in the aqueous product was mainly as phosphate rather than organic-P. Aqueous products contain most K and Na while the residues contain most Ca, Mg, P and micronutrients for most feedstocks. Acidic conditions most especially with H2SO4 extracted more Ca, Mg, P, Co, Mn, and Zn unlike neutral or alkaline conditions. In comparison with conventional heating, microwave heating generally extracted more nitrogen and phosphorus into the aqueous products. Biological recovery of nutrients using various SCWG aqueous waste streams showed significant autotrophic growth of Chlorella in the diluted aqueous products except for the aqueous product from SCWG of Chlorella diluted at 1:50. Chlorella was able to utilise ammonium as a source of nitrogen. Higher dilutions of 1:400 had insufficient nutrients to promote growth. Biomass obtained from 1:50 dilution of catalysed SCWG of S. latissimi, L.digitata, sewage sludge and 1:200 dilution of SCWG Chlorella were comparable with biomass obtained using the standard Bold’s Basal Media. The recovered biomass could be used as feedstock for biodiesel or lipid extraction. Physical recovery of phosphate from H2SO4 extracted aqueous products by adsorption using Mg modified biochar shows that phosphate adsorption is affected by concentration and pH. Highest adsorption was achieved with 250 mg/L while higher adsorption efficiency was achieved at pH 8 and 9 compared to pH 7, precipitating more calcium phosphate on the biochar. Phosphate adsorption did not occur at lower/acidic pH conditions. There was no likelihood of struvite precipitation as EDX analysis showed no additional nitrogen and Mg in the adsorbed chars.
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Johansson, Wilhelm. "Modeling of Wet Scrubber with Heat Recovery in Biomass Combustion Plants." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95585.

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During combustion of biomass, particulate matter is emitted, which has severe health impacts on humans. The company ITK Envifront has developed a scrubber technology that cleans the flue gas while also recovering the flue gas energy, increasing the efficiency of the combustion plant. In this thesis, a simulation model was built in MATLAB according to the Finite Element Method. Validation of the model against 3 different facilities showed reasonable accuracy with a tendency to overestimate the scrubber heat recovery and a mean prediction deviation of approximately 7 %. The model was then used to make suggestions for process optimization. An increase of funnel height, and number of spray nozzles could increase the scrubbers heat recovery with up to 7 % and 8 %, respectively. Addition of moisture to the flue gas through evaporation of water droplets had the potential to increase scrubber efficiency with 10 %, and usage of the highest setting of the adjustable nozzle bank showed the potential to increase the efficiency with up to 5 % compared to the mid-setting. Furthermore, the process parameters of a scrubber with optimized running conditions, was compared to a scrubber with the current running conditions, through running of the developed model. The optimized running conditions showed an increase in scrubber efficiency with up to 14 %, resulting in an increase in scrubber heat recovery of approx. 90 kW at a boiler load of 3 MW. As a final conclusion, the developed model shows great potential to be used to as a toolbox to further investigate and optimize the scrubber design and operation. As a future work, it would be interesting to further model its performance regarding particle removal.
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Fisher, Michael Bryan. "Development and study of dissolved gas flotation for biomass recovery after anaerobic treatment." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366265.

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Machado, Peter. "Feasibility of extracting solanesol from tobacco biomass as a byproduct following protein recovery." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8551.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Simpson, Jessica R. "Effect of Cell Wall Destruction on Anaerobic Digestion of Algal Biomass." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2433.

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Research was conducted using algal biomass obtained from the surface of a secondary clarifier at Bridge City Wastewater Treatment Plant and subsequently sent through an electrochemical (EC) batch reactor at various concentrations. The first objective was to achieve maximum cell wall destruction electrochemically using the EC batch reactor and determine the optimal detention time and voltage/current relationship at which this occurred. The second objective was to subject two algal mediums to anaerobic digestion: the algal medium without electrochemical disinfection and the algal medium after disinfection. Every three days, for 12 days, total solids were measured from each apparatus to determine if cell destruction increased, decreased or did not change the consumption rate of algae by anaerobic bacteria. The consumption rate of algae is directly proportional to the production of methane, which can be used as a source of biofuel.
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Nyein, Chan. "Biomass Recovery of Swidden Fallow Forests in the Mountains of Myanmar and Lao PDR." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215659.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(地域研究)
甲第19833号
地博第189号
新制||地||66(附属図書館)
32869
京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻
(主査)教授 竹田 晋也, 教授 岩田 明久, 准教授 古澤 拓郎, 教授 神﨑 護
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Risén, Emma. "Sustainability Aspects of Bioenergy and Nutrient Recovery from Marine Biomass : Baltic Sea case studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-156377.

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Coastal areas around the world are experiencing environmental problems such as climate change and eutrophication. These, in turn, lead to emerging challenges with excessive amounts of biomass that impact coastal communities. Developing utilisation strategies for marine biomass is therefore highly relevant and forms part of the blue growth research field. In response to environmental concerns, as a waste management strategy and as part of blue growth research initiatives, several Baltic Sea coastal projects have been initiated in recent years to study utilisation of maritime biomass. However, the sustainability of these utilisation strategies has not been critically appraised. Therefore, the work presented in this thesis explored some key sustainability aspects of two Baltic Sea case studies utilising common reed (Kalmar, Sweden) and mass-occurring filamentous macroalgae (Trelleborg, Sweden) for biogas and biofertiliser recovery. Energy analyses suggested that both case studies could provide a positive energy balance and have the potential to achieve nutrient recovery. Moreover, a contingent valuation study in Trelleborg demonstrated considerable welfare benefits of biomass utilisation. These findings indicate that marine biomass utilisation strategies highlight potential to contribute to environmental and welfare benefits of these coastal communities.

QC 20141126

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Books on the topic "Biomass recovery"

1

Arthur, Mercier, ed. Energy recovery. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Brierley, J. A. Recovery of precious metals by microbial biomass. Northwood: Science and Technology Letters, 1988.

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Corbus, D. Environmental analysis of biomass-to-ethanol facilities. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1995.

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Hayworth, James M. Methane digesters and biogas recovery. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Johnson, Leonard R. Wood residue recovery, collection and processing. [S.l: s.n., 1989.

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Galinato, Gerry. Assessment of agricultural crop residue for energy recovery in Idaho. Boise, Idaho: Idaho Dept. of Water Resources, Bureau of Energy Resources, 1987.

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Ke zai sheng neng yuan de wei sheng wu zhuan hua ji shu. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Emerging Technologies in Bioenergy Seminar (4th 1985 Toronto, Ont.). Integrated forest biomass recovery seminar: Proceedings of seminar number 4 in the series Emerging Technologies in Bioenergy, Toronto, Ontario, March 6, 1985. Ottawa: Renewable Energy Division, Energy, Mines and Resources Canada, 1985.

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Standish, J. T. Impacts of forest harvesting on physical properties of soils with reference to increased biomass recovery: A review. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1988.

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Wright, M. Elizabeth. Assessment of yellow perch (perca flavescens) biomass as evidence of recovery of acid and metal stressed lakes. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University Press, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biomass recovery"

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Zappelli, Piergiorgio, and James J. Leahy. "Energy from Biomass." In Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Utilization, 325–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0245-4_14.

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Hakkila, Pentti. "Recovery of Residual Forest Biomass." In Utilization of Residual Forest Biomass, 204–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74072-5_4.

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Azad, Md Abul Kalam, Md Saiful Islam, and Latifah Amin. "Straw Availability, Quality, Recovery, and Energy Use of Sugarcane." In Biomass and Bioenergy, 275–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07641-6_16.

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Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan, Sunghwan Kim, and Halil Ceylan. "Lingnin Recovery and Utilization." In Bioenergy and Biofuel from Biowastes and Biomass, 247–74. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784410899.ch12.

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Jin, Wanqin. "Biobutanol Recovery from Biomass Fermentation Broth." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1317-1.

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Wright, Mark M., and Robert C. Brown. "Biomass Conversion Process for Energy Recovery." In Energy Conversion, 897–929. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Series:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315374192-22.

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Peña-Lucio, Erick M., Mónica Lizeth Chávez-González, Liliana Londoño-Hernandez, José Luis Martínez-Hernández, Mayela Govea-Salas, Hector Ruiz-Leza, Abdulhameed Sabu, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar. "Valorization of Biomass from Tea Processing." In Natural Food Products and Waste Recovery, 139–49. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003144748-11.

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Longley, Cindy J., John Howard, and David P. C. Fung. "Levoglucosan Recovery from Cellulose and Wood Pyrolysis Liquids." In Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1441–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1336-6_114.

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Roy, Shantonu. "Biological Gaseous Energy Recovery from Lignocellulosic Biomass." In Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications, 27–45. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119323686.ch2.

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Cerón García, María del Carmen, Cynthia Victoria González López, José María Fernández Sevilla, and Emilio Molina Grima. "Preparative Recovery of Carotenoids from Microalgal Biomass." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 107–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8742-9_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biomass recovery"

1

Oldenburg, S., L. Westphal, and I. Körner. "Energy recovery of grass biomass." In Energy and Sustainability 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esus110331.

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Pasini, S., U. Ghezzi, L. Degli Antoni Ferri, and P. Bombarda. "Optimization of Energy Recovery from Biomass." In 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2714.

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Samadhi, Tjokorde Walmiki, Winny Wulandari, Ratu Annisa Amalia, and Rinda Khairunnisah. "Potassium recovery from tropical biomass ash." In THE 11TH REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (RCChE 2018). Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5094981.

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"Residue distribution and biomass recovery following biomass harvest of plantation pine." In 2016 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162458172.

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Williams, M. L., T. Milne, I. Tapley, J. Jreis, M. Sanford, B. Kofman, and S. Hensley. "Tropical forest biomass recovery using GeoSAR observations." In 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5417346.

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Havlik, J., and T. Dlouhý. "Heat recovery from biomass drying in energy systems." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7300.

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This paper deals with energy savings by the heat recovery of waste vapour from moist biomass drying in energy systems. Drying is an energy-intensive process. Energy consumption can be reduced by using indirect drying by recuperating the heat of waste vapour generated in the process; however the vapour is polluted by air and small mechanical particles. Experiments with green wood chips were realized on an indirect dryer with a condensing heat exchanger to experimentally verify the grade and conditions of heat recovery from waste vapour. On the basis of the experimental results, the potential of the heat recovery from waste vapour was evaluated. Keywords: Indirect drying; Biomass; Waste vapour; Heat recovery
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Stehlik, Petr. "KEY ROLE OF HEAT RECOVERY IN WASTE AND BIOMASS PROCESSING." In Annals of the Assembly for International Heat Transfer Conference 13. Begell House Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc13.p30.70.

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Akinyemi, O. S., L. Jiang, P. R. Buchireddy, S. O. Barskov, J. L. Guillory, and W. Holmes. "Investigation of Effect of Biomass Torrefaction Temperature on Volatile Energy Recovery Through Combustion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64941.

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Biomass has received wide attention as a substitute for fossil fuel in the generation of energy because of its renewability and carbon neutrality. However, raw biomass combustion is hindered by physical properties such as low energy density and high moisture content. Biomass torrefaction is a mild pyrolysis thermal treatment process carried out at temperature of 200 to 300°C under inert conditions to improve the fuel properties of parent biomass. This yields a higher energy per unit mass product but releases non-condensable and condensable gases which results in energy and mass losses. The condensable gases (volatiles), can result in tar formation on condensing hence, system blockage. Fortunately, the hydrocarbon composition of volatiles also represents a possible auxiliary energy source for torrefaction. The present study investigated energy recovery from volatiles through clean co-combustion with NG for feedstock drying and/or the thermal treatment process of pine wood chips. The research also studied the effect of torrefaction pretreatment temperatures on the amount of energy recovered for various combustion air flow rates. For all test conditions, blue visual flames and low CO and NOx emissions at the combustor exit consistently signified clean and complete premixed combustion. Torrefaction temperature at 283–292 °C had relatively low energy recovered from volatiles, mainly attributed to higher moisture content evolution and low molecular weight of volatiles evolved. At lowest torrefaction pretreatment temperature, smaller amount of volatiles was generated with most energy recovered from the volatiles. Energy conservation evaluation on the torrefaction reactor indicated that about 40% of total energy carried by the exiting volatiles and gases has been recovered by the co-fire of NG and volatiles at the lowest temperature while 20% and 22% of the total energy were recovered at the intermediate and highest torrefaction temperature respectively.
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khan, Shoyeb, Probir Das, Mohammed Abdul Quadir, Mahmoud Thaher, and Hareb Al Jabri. "Pretreatment of Cyanobacterial Chroococcidiopsis: Biomass prior to Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Enhanced Hydrocarbon Yield and Energy Recovery." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0024.

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Chroococcidiopsis sp. was grown in 200 L open raceway pond. Biomass density and average biomass productivity were 0.41 g/L and 16.1 g/m2/d. Chroococcidiopsis biomass was harvested by self-settling. Self settled biomass was further subjected to centrifugation to obtain a biomass paste with 25-30% solid content. Centrifuged biomass was dried at 80 °C overnight and used as a feedstock for pretreatment step. Biomass was pretreated in water at 105 °C for 15 minutes. A slurry containing 15 wt% pretreated and untreated biomass (control) in deionized water was prepared and subjected to hydrothermal liquefaction for biocrude oil production. Hydrothermal liquefaction for both pretreated and untreated biomass was conducted at temperatures ranging from (275, 300, 325, 350 °C) in a 500 mL high-pressure PARR reactor for 30-minute reaction holding time. Maximum biocrude yields for pretreated and untreated biomass was 42.4 % and 26.4 % based on ash free dry weight basis. Biocrude oil was characterized for hydrocarbons using GC-MS technique. Biocrude oil obtained from pretreated and untreated biomass contained 58.9% and 41.01% (C8-C19) hydrocarbons. Higher heating values for biomass and biocrude oil were 16.93 and 31.28 MJ/kg, with an energy recovery value of 41.1%.
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Rogers, David Brian. "QUANTIFYING DENITRIFICATION RATES IN A BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NUTRIENT RECOVERY SITE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320933.

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Reports on the topic "Biomass recovery"

1

Keiser, James R., W. B. A. (Sandy) Sharp, Douglas Singbeil, Preet M. Singh, Laurie A. Frederick, and Joseph Meyer. Improving Heat Recovery In Biomass-Fired Boilers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1093743.

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Misra, M. Pressurized Oxidative Recovery of Energy from Biomass Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/915087.

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Jewell, W. J., R. J. Cummings, T. D. Nock, E. E. Hicks, and T. E. White. Energy and biomass recovery from wastewater. Final report, December 1989--December 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/93567.

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Schuetzle, Dennis, Greg Tamblyn, Matt Caldwell, Orion Hanbury, Robert Schuetzle, Ramer Rodriguez, Alex Johnson, Fred Deichert, Roger Jorgensen, and Doug Struble. Recovery Act. Demonstration of a Pilot Integrated Biorefinery for the Efficient, Direct Conversion of Biomass to Diesel Fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179256.

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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo, and Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.

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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Börjesson, Patrik, Maria Eggertsen, Lachlan Fetterplace, Ann-Britt Florin, Ronny Fredriksson, Susanna Fredriksson, Patrik Kraufvelin, et al. Long-term effects of no-take zones in Swedish waters. Edited by Ulf Bergström, Charlotte Berkström, and Mattias Sköld. Department of Aquatic Resources, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.10da2mgf51.

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly established worldwide to protect and restore degraded ecosystems. However, the level of protection varies among MPAs and has been found to affect the outcome of the closure. In no-take zones (NTZs), no fishing or extraction of marine organisms is allowed. The EU Commission recently committed to protect 30% of European waters by 2030 through the updated Biodiversity Strategy. Importantly, one third of these 30% should be of strict protection. Exactly what is meant by strict protection is not entirely clear, but fishing would likely have to be fully or largely prohibited in these areas. This new target for strictly protected areas highlights the need to evaluate the ecological effects of NTZs, particularly in regions like northern Europe where such evaluations are scarce. The Swedish NTZs made up approximately two thirds of the total areal extent of NTZs in Europe a decade ago. Given that these areas have been closed for at least 10 years and can provide insights into long-term effects of NTZs on fish and ecosystems, they are of broad interest in light of the new 10% strict protection by 2030 commitment by EU member states. In total, eight NTZs in Swedish coastal and offshore waters were evaluated in the current report, with respect to primarily the responses of focal species for the conservation measure, but in some of the areas also ecosystem responses. Five of the NTZs were established in 2009-2011, as part of a government commission, while the other three had been established earlier. The results of the evaluations are presented in a synthesis and also in separate, more detailed chapters for each of the eight NTZs. Overall, the results suggest that NTZs can increase abundances and biomasses of fish and decapod crustaceans, given that the closed areas are strategically placed and of an appropriate size in relation to the life cycle of the focal species. A meta-regression of the effects on focal species of the NTZs showed that CPUE was on average 2.6 times higher after three years of protection, and 3.8 times higher than in the fished reference areas after six years of protection. The proportion of old and large individuals increased in most NTZs, and thereby also the reproductive potential of populations. The increase in abundance of large predatory fish also likely contributed to restoring ecosystem functions, such as top-down control. These effects appeared after a 5-year period and in many cases remained and continued to increase in the longer term (>10 years). In the two areas where cod was the focal species of the NTZs, positive responses were weak, likely as an effect of long-term past, and in the Kattegat still present, recruitment overfishing. In the Baltic Sea, predation by grey seal and cormorant was in some cases so high that it likely counteracted the positive effects of removing fisheries and led to stock declines in the NTZs. In most cases, the introduction of the NTZs has likely decreased the total fishing effort rather than displacing it to adjacent areas. In the Kattegat NTZ, however, the purpose was explicitly to displace an unselective coastal mixed bottom-trawl fishery targeting Norway lobster and flatfish to areas where the bycatches of mature cod were smaller. In two areas that were reopened to fishing after 5 years, the positive effects of the NTZs on fish stocks eroded quickly to pre-closure levels despite that the areas remained closed during the spawning period, highlighting that permanent closures may be necessary to maintain positive effects. We conclude from the Swedish case studies that NTZs may well function as a complement to other fisheries management measures, such as catch, effort and gear regulations. The experiences from the current evaluation show that NTZs can be an important tool for fisheries management especially for local coastal fish populations and areas with mixed fisheries, as well as in cases where there is a need to counteract adverse ecosystem effects of fishing. NTZs are also needed as reference for marine environmental management, and for understanding the effects of fishing on fish populations and other ecosystem components in relation to other pressures. MPAs where the protection of both fish and their habitats is combined may be an important instrument for ecosystembased management, where the recovery of large predatory fish may lead to a restoration of important ecosystem functions and contribute to improving decayed habitats. With the new Biodiversity Strategy, EUs level of ambition for marine conservation increases significantly, with the goal of 30% of coastal and marine waters protected by 2030, and, importantly, one third of these areas being strictly protected. From a conservation perspective, rare, sensitive and/or charismatic species or habitats are often in focus when designating MPAs, and displacement of fisheries is then considered an unwanted side effect. However, if the establishment of strictly protected areas also aims to rebuild fish stocks, these MPAs should be placed in heavily fished areas and designed to protect depleted populations by accounting for their home ranges to generate positive outcomes. Thus, extensive displacement of fisheries is required to reach benefits for depleted populations, and need to be accounted for e.g. by specific regulations outside the strictly protected areas. These new extensive EU goals for MPA establishment pose a challenge for management, but at the same time offer an opportunity to bridge the current gap between conservation and fisheries management.
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