Academic literature on the topic 'Biomass fly ash and bottom ash'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
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Haryanti, N. H., Suryajaya, H. Wardhana, S. Husain, R. Noor, Y. Anggraini, N. Sofi, and D. Aprilia. "Briquettes from Biomass Waste." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2104, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2104/1/012003.
Abstract:
Abstract This research made three kinds of briquettes from various biomass waste, including alaban wood charcoal and rubber seed shells mixed with coal bottom ash and coal fly ash. The purpose of the study was to obtain the characteristics and quality of briquette combustion. Making briquettes is by drying, grinding, and sifting raw materials then mixed with adhesive, printing and drying. Briquettes were made with variations in composition and pressure and the particle size of the material passing through the 50 and 250 mesh sieves. Briquettes produced from alaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash, or fly ash, obtained more bottom ash or fly ash composition characteristics. The moisture content and calorific value would be lower while the ash content was higher. While the initial ignition time, the combustion duration is getting longer, but the burning rate would decrease. Briquettes made from rubber seed shells and coal bottom ash obtained variations in composition and pressure that affect the characteristics and quality of combustion. The higher the rubber seed shell composition and pressure, the lower the water and ash content, but the calorific value increased.
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Setiaji, Nurul Faizah, Ariyanti Sarwono, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "Differences in the Quality of Bottom Ash and Fly Ash for the Cement Industry as an Alternative Fuel (AF)." Journal of Earth and Marine Technology (JEMT) 3, no. 2 (May 20, 2023): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.jemt.2023.v3i2.4154.
Abstract:
Cement is a prominent Indonesian industry. Industrial fuel needs are growing. In Indonesia, biomass is an essential natural resource with a variety of primary products such as fiber, wood, oil, food, and others that are utilized domestically and exported to generate foreign cash. This study compares fly ash and bottom ash as alternative fuel feedstock materials from the cement industry. This study uses cement industry data from East Java. As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, TI, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, V, Zn, Se, and Sn for bottom ash and fly ash quality data are employed. The investigation followed a paired t-test to compare ash types based on metal characteristics, then an ANOVA post-test to establish the significance of bottom ash and fly ash values. The paired t-test on two types of ash showed a 0.103 difference. ANOVA shows that ash kinds differ significantly. Bottom ash and fly ash have different qualities. Hence their management requires various approaches. This treatment utilizes bottom ash. For fly ash, the quality-related parameters must be lowered.
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Ulewicz, Małgorzata, and Jakub Jura. "Effect of fly and bottom ash mixture from combustion of biomass on strength of cement mortar." E3S Web of Conferences 18 (2017): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20171801029.
Abstract:
The preliminary results of fly and bottom ash mixture form combustion od biomass (80% of tree waste and 20% of palm kernel shells) for the produce of ceramic mortars has been presented. Currently, bio- ash from fluidized bed are deposited in landfills. Use of this ash to production of cement mortar instead of sand will reduce the consumption of the mineral resources. The chemical composition of this waste materials was determined using X-ray fluorescence (spectrometer ARL Advant ‘XP). Cement mortar were made using CEM I 42.5 R. The ash were added in an amount 20% of cement weight (in different proportions of fly and bottom ash). The results showed, that the compressive strength (after 28 days) of cement mortar containing ash is higher regardless of the type of ash mixture used. The highest compressive strength (increased by 7.0% compared to the control sample) was found for cement mortars in which the ratio of fly ash to bottom ash was 10/90. This mortars also showed the highest frost resistance (after 150 cycles freezes and unfreeze). The largest decrease the compressive strength (over 18.7%) after the frost resistance test. While cement mortars in which the ratio of fly ash to bottom ash was 90/10 showed the highest frost resistance (after 150 cycles freezes and unfreeze).
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Kępys, Waldemar. "Bottom ash obtained from biomass burning in fluidised-bed boilers as a mortar component." E3S Web of Conferences 46 (2018): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184600009.
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The production of energy from biomass causes generation of solid waste, in the forms of fly ash and bottom ash. Owing to both economic considerations and environmental protection, it is required to recover those types of waste. The physical and economic properties of bottom ash indicate that waste ash can constitute a substitute of sand in the production of mortars. Consequently, tests were performed on the influence of bottom ash, used as sand substitute, on the mechanical properties of mortar. The test results indicated a possibility of using bottom ash as a mortar component
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Küçük, Mehmet Emin, Teemu Kinnarinen, Juha Timonen, Olli Mulari, and Antti Häkkinen. "Characterisation of Industrial Side Streams and Their Application for the Production of Geopolymer Composites." Minerals 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060593.
Abstract:
This study focuses on characterisation of side streams including biomass fly ash, biomass bottom ash, coal fly ash, green liquor dregs, limestone mine tailings, and electric arc furnace steel slag from different industrial locations in Finland. It was found that the fly ash samples contained the highest Al2O3 and SiO2 concentrations, a large number of spherical particles of small sizes and high specific surface areas. Fly ashes and steel slag were observed to contain higher amounts of amorphous phases compared to the other side streams. The high loss on ignition value of the coal fly ash and green liquor dregs was found to exceed the limitations for their application in geopolymer composites. Despite their relatively high concentrations in ashes and steel slag, the leaching tests have shown that no hazardous metal leached out from the streams. Finally, test specimens of geopolymer composites (GP2) were prepared by the application of biomass fly ash, bottom ash, and limestone mine tailings without any pre-treatment process, in addition to the ordinary Portland cement-(R) and metakaolin-based geopolymer composites (GP1). The measured compressive (14.1 MPa) and flexural strength (3.5 MPa) of GP2 suggest that it could be used in concrete kerbs and paving flags. The data has also shown that over 500% of the compressive strength was developed between 7 and 28 days in GP2, whereas in the case of reference concrete (R) and the metakaolin-based geopolymer composite (GP1) it was developed in the first 7 days.
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Pazo, Amparo, Magín Lapuerta, Anselmo Acosta, Juan J. Hernández, and Esperanza Monedero. "Effect of Exhausted Olive Cake Contamination on Fly and Bottom Ash in Power Plants." Waste and Biomass Valorization 13, no. 3 (October 25, 2021): 1759–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01609-5.
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AbstractWith the aim to prevent possible power plant malfunction due to the feedstock properties and suggest possible ash applications, feedstock samples and bottom and fly ash samples collected along more than a year in a 16 MW suspension-fired boiler power plant, fed mainly with pulverized exhausted olive cake (orujillo), were studied. A detailed characterization of fly and bottom ash has been done, as well as a seasonal evolution study. Altogether in order to find any trend on the ash composition changes and to study the relationship between ash (both fly and bottom fractions) and, on the one hand, the feedstock composition, and on the other hand, the troublesome deposit formation. A relationship between deposit growth and higher Cl and Na content in the feedstock has been noticed, showing the need for some control on these feedstock’s components. The high Cl and Na content is attributed to external contamination. Furthermore, the high Al content in the feedstock and the strong relationship between Al, Fe and Si (indicating a common origin) suggest some biomass soil contamination. However, no relationship was observed between troublesome deposit formation and the hypothesized biomass soil contamination. Graphic Abstract
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Suárez-Macías, Jorge, Juan María Terrones-Saeta, Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino, and Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias. "Development of Cold In-Place Recycling with Bitumen Emulsion and Biomass Bottom Ash." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040384.
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Power generation from biomass is one of the most promising energy sources available today. However, this industry has a series of wastes derived from its activity, mainly biomass fly ash and biomass bottom ash. Biomass bottom ash is a waste that has no current use and, in most cases, is deposited in landfills. In turn, road construction is one of the activities that produces the most pollution, as it requires huge amounts of raw materials. Therefore, this research proposes the use of biomass bottom ashes, in an unaltered form, for the formation of cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion. This type of mixture, which is highly sustainable owing to the use of a high percentage of waste, was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement, biomass bottom ash, water, and bitumen emulsion. To this end, the grading curve of the materials was analyzed, different bituminous mixtures were made with varying percentages of emulsion and water, and the mechanical properties of the mixtures were analyzed. At the same time, the same type of mix was made with reclaimed asphalt pavement and commercial limestone aggregate, in order to compare the results. The tests showed a better mechanical behavior of the bituminous mixes made with biomass bottom ash, maintaining physical properties similar to those of conventional mixes. In short, it was confirmed that the production of this type of mix with biomass bottom ash was feasible, creating sustainable materials that reuse currently unused waste and avoid landfill disposal.
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Barbosa, R., N. Lapa, H. Lopes, A. Morujo, and B. Mendes. "Removal of phosphorus from wastewaters by biomass ashes." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 9 (October 19, 2013): 2019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.455.
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Removal batch assays of phosphates from a synthetic wastewater (SWW) and a pulp and paper mill wastewater (PPWW) with two forestry biomass ashes were performed. The supernatants were not only chemically characterized but also the ecotoxicity was determined using two organisms: Vibrio fischeri and Artemia franciscana. The addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the SWW in solid/liquid (S/L) ratios of 3.35 and 9.05 g L−1, respectively, achieved removal percentages of phosphates >97% for both ashes. The addition of fly ash and bottom ash to the PPWW in S/L ratios of 34.45 and 46.59 g L−1, respectively, yield removal percentages of phosphates >90% for both ashes. According to the results of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, the removal of phosphates from the SWW was mainly explained by surface removal mechanisms, while the removal from the PPWW was partially explained by multi-layer mechanisms. The supernatants resulting from the treatment of SWW and PPWW with both biomass ashes did not present acute ecotoxicity.
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Ling, Xuan, Wei Chen, Katrin Schollbach, and H. J. H. Brouwers. "Valorization of biomass bottom ash in alkali-activated GGBFS-fly ash: Impact of biomass bottom ash characteristic, silicate modulus and aluminum-anodizing waste." Construction and Building Materials 428 (May 2024): 136408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136408.
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Ibrahim, Norlia Mohamad, Syakirah Afizah Mohamed, Roshazita Che Amat, Nur Liza Rahim, Warid Wazien Ahmad Zailani, Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim, Lucian Laslo, and Khairul Nizar Ismail. "Viability Study on Fly Ash and Bottom Ash from Combustion Waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1216, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1216/1/012025.
Abstract:
Abstract The substitution or addition of new supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in the production of variety of construction materials has gained much interest. One of the examples of SCM is incineration ash which consist of fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) which are the residues from the ignition of biomass and can brings applicable ecological advantages. However, the properties of this new materials need to be investigated to ensure its full potential can be developed. Therefore, this study is initiated to identify the characteristics of incineration ash from local source in Malaysia. To identify the elemental components of ashes, most widely method was adopted which is using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The quantity of unburned carbon in fly ash is measured by loss on ignition, which has a major influence on the product’s characteristics. In addition, specific gravity and density were also determined and comparison has been made with cement. In this study it was found out that XRF results shows that both FA and BA consist of the same mineral composition with OPC majorly in silica, aluminium, calcium, and iron which makes is suitable to be used in the concrete. For LOI, the value for BA is much higher compared with FA due to the amount of unburnt carbon in its original compositions and the incomplete burning due to insufficient contact time in the furnace. Based on the result obtained for LOI, the average LOI value for FA and BA is 17.33 % and 44.67 %, respectively. As expected, for the specific gravity and density, FA having the lowest specific gravity and density. The density obtained for FA is 755 kg/m3 and for BA is 593 kg/m3. Overall, the use of incineration ash can be fully investigated by exploring other parameter that influence the performance of construction materials.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
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Lessard, Jean-Martin. "Optimisation des cendres volantes et grossières de biomasse dans les bétons compactés au rouleau et dans les bétons moulés à sec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8831.
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Résumé : Depuis le début du XXe siècle, la production de bétons secs représente une industrie importante pour le développement des infrastructures en bétons compactés au rouleau notamment pour la construction de barrages, de digues, de pavages, et les bétons moulés à sec pour la pré-fabrication de blocs de maçonnerie, de briques, de pierres de pavé, etc. La durabilité de celles-ci peut être améliorée en réduisant leur consommation de ciment Portland et de granulats naturels en utilisant, respectivement, des ajouts cimentaires et des matériaux granulaires alternatifs. D’ailleurs, beaucoup de sous-produits industriels et autres ajouts cimentaires alternatifs ne respectant pas les exigences pour le béton conventionnel ont été utilisés avec succès dans ce type de béton. Les cendres de biomasse sont des sous-produits prometteurs pour les applications de bétons secs. Ces cendres sont obtenues dans une centrale de cogénération de l’industrie des pâtes et papiers suite à la combustion de leurs boues de traitement des eaux usées, de leurs boues de désencrage, et autres résidus de bois. Les cendres volantes de biomasse (CVB) ont une finesse similaire à celle du ciment et elles possèdent aussi un potentiel de réactivité pouzzolanique. Elles peuvent donc remplacer une partie du ciment utilisé dans la formulation de bétons. Les cendres grossières de biomasse (CGB) ont une granulométrie voisine de celle d’un sable fin. Elles peuvent donc être valorisées en remplaçant une partie des granulats naturels utilisés dans les formulations de bétons. Bien que les propriétés physico-chimiques et les interactions cimentaires de celles-ci soient étudiées depuis le début des années 2000, très peu d’applications commerciales ou industrielles ont été développées. Ce projet de recherche vise l’étude et l'optimisation des CVB comme ajout cimentaire alternatif et des CGB comme granulats fins alternatifs dans la production de bétons compactés au rouleau (BCR) et à la paveuse (BCP) pour des applications de pavages industriels et dans la production de bétons moulés à sec (BMS) pour des applications de préfabrication de pierres de pavé. Pour chacune de ces applications, des formulations incorporant un taux de substitution jusqu'à 30% du ciment par des cendres volantes et jusqu’à 100% du sable par des cendres grossières ont été réalisées. Ces travaux d’optimisation ont été effectués avec des bétons à rap-port eau-liant de 0,32, 0,35 et 0,37. Les propriétés à l’état frais (maniabilité et consistance), à l’état durci (résistance à la compression, à la flexion et à la traction), et de durabilités (absorption à l’eau, vides perméables et résistivité électrique) jusqu'à 91 jours ont été mesurées pour tous les mélanges de béton. Le rapport eau-liant, la teneur en pâte et les taux de remplacement optimaux ont également été combinés et optimisés afin de valoriser un maximum de cendres de biomasse, volantes et grossières, dans une seule formulation. Les résultats des mélanges de BCR fabriqués en laboratoire avec 10% et 20% de CVB et combinés à 50% de CGB ont respectivement montré des maniabilités désirées et des résistances à la flexion supérieures aux limites prescrites par les devis techniques pour une utilisation pratique de 23% et 29%. Ces deux mélanges donc ont été sélectionnés pour évaluer leur comportement in situ à l’aide de la construction d'une dalle de stockage de 792 m² par 300 mm d'épaisseur à l'aide de pratiques courantes. Des carottes ont été prélevées dans la dalle à 28 et 308 jours. La résistance à la compression des noyaux à l'âge de 308 jours a atteint 33 et 30 MPa pour les deux mélanges testés, respectivement. Les BMS fabriqués avec 5%, 10%, ou 15% CVB et 25% de CGB peuvent atteindre un indice de compaction de 99% avec un travail de compaction inférieur à celui spécifié par les fabricants de pierre de pavés. L'utilisation des CVB et CGB entraîne une faible diminution de la résistance à la compression, mais présente des valeurs de perméabilité et d’absorption à l’eau très faibles et inférieures aux exigences requises les normes (près de 5%). Ces travaux de recherche présentent un débouché potentiel à la valorisation des cendres volantes et grossières de biomasse issues de l’industrie des pâtes et papiers dans les bétons secs comme ajout cimentaires ou granulats fins. Cette approche peut offrir une contribution significative pour la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre associés à la production de ce type de béton et dans les gestions des matières résiduelles de l’industrie des pâtes et papiers.Abstract : Since the early twentieth century, the production of dry concrete is an important industry for infrastructure development including the construction of dams, core dikes, and pavements using roller-compacted concrete, and precast masonry blocks, bricks, pavers using dry-cast concrete. The sustainability thereof can be improved by reducing its consumption of Portland cement and natural aggregates using cementitious supplementary cementitious materials and alternative granular materials, respectively. Moreover, many industrial by-products and other mineral additions not meeting the requirements for conventional concrete have been success-fully used in such concrete. The biomass ashes are promising supplementary materials for dry concrete applications. These ashes are produced in a cogeneration plant of the pulp and paper industry following the burn-ing of their wastewater treatment sludge, their de-inking sludge, and other wood residues. The biomass fly ash (BFA) have a similar finesse in the cement and they also have a potential poz-zolanic reactivity. They may therefore replace part of the cement used in concrete formula-tions. The biomass bottom ashes (BBA) have a particle size close to that of a fine sand. They can be use to replace a portion of the natural aggregates. Although the physicochemical proper-ties and interactions with cement have been studied since the early 2000s, very few commer-cial or industrial applications have been developed. This research project aims at studying and optimizing the BFA content as an alternative sup-plementary cementitious materials and the BBA content as an alternative fine aggregates in the production of roller-(RCC) and paver-compacted concrete (PCC) for industrial pavements and dry-cast concrete (DCC) for the manufacture of pavers. Formulations incorporating substitu-tion rates of cement up to 30% by BFA and of the sand up to 100% by BBA were evaluated for each of the mentioned applications. This optimization work was carried out with concrete water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.32, 0.35 and 0.37. The fresh properties (workability and com-pactness), hardened properties (compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting-tensile strength) and transport properties (water absorption, permeable voids and electrical resistivity) up to 91 days were measured for all concrete mixtures. The optimal w/b, paste content and replacement rates were also combined and optimized in order to maximize the biomass fly and bottom ashes content, in a single formulation. The results of concrete mixtures made with 10% and 20% BFA with 50% BBA showed 23% and 29% higher flexural strength than the limits required for practical use of RCC, respective-ly. These two RCC mixtures were selected for the assessment of in situ behaviors through the construction of a storage slab of 792 m² per 300 mm thick using standard practices. Core sam-ples were cut from the slabs at age of 28 and 308 days for follow-up of the concrete behavior with time. The compressive strength of the cores at an age of 308 days reached 33 and 30 MPa for the two tested mixtures, respectively. The DCC mixtures made with 5%, 10%, or 15% BFA and 25% of BBA can reach a compact-ness index of 99% with a compaction work lower than specified by the Standards. The use of the BFA and BBA lead to small decrease of the compressive strength, however they can result in very low permeability and water absorption values lower than required by the specifications (close to 5%). This research presents a potential market for recycling biomass fly and bottom ashes from the pulp and paper industry in dry concrete as alternative supplementary cementitious materials or fine aggregates. This approach can provide a significant contribution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of this type of concrete and with the managements of by-products from the pulp and paper industry.
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Saouti, Leo. "Ordures ménagères résiduelles (OMR) : modèle, mise en monture et stabilisation/solidification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR114.
Abstract:
Des millions de tonnes de déchets sont traités chaque année dans le monde entier. Il existe de grandes disparités dans les techniques de traitement des déchets en fonction du niveau de développement des pays. En France, une start-up angevine nommée Néolithe propose une nouvelle voie de traitement des déchets non dangereux non inertes, la fossilisation. Ce procédé est le suivant : broyage des déchets, mélange avec un liant hydraulique puis extrusion pour en faire des granulats appelés Anthropocite®. Les travaux de cette thèse concernent le traitement des ordures ménagères résiduelles (OMR). Ils comportent trois parties : la préparation d’un modèle représentatif des OMR, la valorisation de cendres en matrices liantes, et la solidification du modèle OMR avec différents liants retenus. La préparation du modèle représentatif des OMR nécessite pour les fractions organiques un séchage et un broyage adapté à la finesse de mouture souhaitée. Pour les déchets plastiques il convient d’utiliser des broyeurs spécifiques. Les cendres de biomasse - cendres volantes et de sous foyer - ont été étudiées : caractérisation et réactivité. Des essais d’activation (NaOH et Na2SiO3) ont porté sur les deux types de cendres avec comme variables : le ratio eau sur liant (E/B) et le ratio activateur sur précurseur (A/P). Un précurseur composé de cendres (P1) et de laitier (P3) a été proposé. Les conditions favorables pour l’obtention de résistances en compression minimales de 25 MPa à 28 jours sont un ratio de E/B de 0,4, un ratio A/P de 0,2 et un ratio P1/P3 de 1,50. Pour l’étude de mélanges avec les moutures d’OMR, les liants retenus ont été les suivants : un laitier activé, un précurseur composé de cendres et de laitier, un liant hydraulique dénommé Ligam et un ciment Portland (CEM I) Les premiers essais sur les mélanges ont permis d’établir les protocoles d’inclusion de fermentescibles d’ordures résiduelles (FOR). Tous les liants accusent des retards de prise et de solidification lors d’inclusion. Il est essentiel d’hydrater les déchets (FOR) lors du mélange avec les liants mais chaque liant présente un optimum d’ajout d’eau aux FOR différent. Il est possible de solidifier le modèle représentatif des OMR avec des liants hydrauliques comme avec des liants activés par des alcalins. Les liants hydrauliques semblent plus robustes quant à la nature des composants que représente l’inclusion du modèle OMR à des mortiers. Ces travaux permettent d’établir une base de données, nécessaire à la poursuite des travaux sur la solidification/stabilisation des OMRMillions of tonnes of waste are treated every year throughout the world. There are wide disparities in waste treatment techniques, depending on the level of development of individual countries. In France, an Anjou-based start-up called Néolithe is proposing a new way of treating non-hazardous, non-inert waste: fossilisation. The process involves shredding the waste, mixing it with a hydraulic binder and then extruding it to produce aggregates called Anthropocite®. The work in this thesis concerns the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW). It consists of three parts: the preparation of a model representative of residual household waste, the use of ash as a binder matrix, and the solidification of the residual household waste model with various selected binders. For organic fractions, the preparation of a model representative of household waste requires drying and shredding to suit the fineness of grind required. Specific shredders should be used for plastic waste. The characterisation and reactivity of biomass ash - fly ash and underfired ash - were studied. Activation tests (NaOH and Na2SiO3) were carried out on the two types of ash with the following variables: water to binder ratio (W/B) and activator to precursor ratio (A/P). A precursor composed of ash (P1) and slag (P3) was proposed. Favourable conditions to obtain minimum compressive strengths of 25 MPa at 28 days are a W/B ratio of 0.4, an A/P ratio of 0.2 and a P1/P3 ratio of 1.50. The following binders were selected for the study of mixes with SRM grindings: an activated slag, a precursor composed of ash and slag, a hydraulic binder called Ligam and a Portland cement (CEM I). The initial tests on the mixes enabled protocols for the inclusion of fermentable residual waste (FRW) to be established. All binders show delays in setting and solidification during inclusion. It is essential to hydrate the waste (FRW) when mixing with the binders, but each binder has a different optimum to add water to FRW. It is possible to solidify the model representative of MSW with hydraulic binders as well as with alkali-activated binders. Hydraulic binders appear to be more robust in terms of the nature of the components than the inclusion of the MSW model in mortars. This work makes it possible to establish a database, which is necessary for further work on the solidification/stabilisation of MSW
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Rajamma, Rejini. "Biomass fly ash incorporation in cement based materials." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7596.
Abstract:
Doutoramento em Ciência e Engenharia de MateriaisIn recent years, pressures on global environment and energy security have led to an increasing demand on renewable energy sources, and diversification of Europe’s energy supply. Among these resources the biomass could exert an important role, since it is considered a renewable and CO2 neutral energy resource once the consumption rate is lower than the growth rate, and can potentially provide energy for heat, power and transports from the same installation. Currently, most of the biomass ash produced in industrial plants is either disposed of in landfill or recycled on agricultural fields or forest, and most times this goes on without any form of control. However, considering that the disposal cost of biomass ashes are raising, and that biomass ash volumes are increasing worldwide, a sustainable ash management has to be established. The main objective of the present study is the effect of biomass fly ashes in cement mortars and concretes in order to be used as a supplementary cementitious material. The wastes analyzed in the study were collected from the fluidized bed boilers and grate boilers available in the thermal power plants and paper pulp plants situated in Portugal. The physical as well as chemical characterisations of the biomass fly ashes were investigated. The cement was replaced by the biomass fly ashes in 10, 20 and 30% (weight %) in order to investigate the fresh properties as well as the hardened properties of biomass fly ash incorporated cement mortar and concrete formulations. Expansion reactions such as alkali silica reaction (ASR), sulphate attack (external and internal) were conducted in order to check the durability of the biomass fly ash incorporated cement mortars and concretes. Alternative applications such as incorporation in lime mortars and alkali activation of the biomass fly ashes were also attempted. The biomass fly ash particles were irregular in shape and fine in nature. The chemical characterization revealed that the biomass fly ashes were similar to a class C fly ash. The mortar results showed a good scope for biomass fly ashes as supplementary cementitious materials in lower dosages (<20%). The poor workability, concerns about the organic content, alkalis, chlorides and sulphates stand as the reasons for preventing the use of biomass fly ash in high content in the cement mortars. The results obtained from the durability tests have shown a clear reduction in expansion for the biomass fly ash mortars/concretes and the binder blend made with biomass fly ash (20%) and metakaolin (10%) inhibited the ASR reaction effectively. The biomass fly ash incorporation in lime mortars did not improve the mortar properties significantly though the carbonation was enhanced in the 15-20% incorporation. The biomass fly ash metakaolin blend worked well in the alkali activated complex binder application also. Portland cement free binders (with 30-40 MPa compressive strength) were obtained on the alkali activation of biomass fly ashes (60-80%) blended with metakaolin (20-40%).
Recentemente, as pressões ao nível da segurança, do ambiente e da energia conduziram a uma procura crescente de fontes de energia renováveis, e à diversificação das fontes de energia da Europa. Entre estes recursos a biomassa pode ter um papel importante, uma vez que é considerada como um recurso renovável e neutra em termos de CO2 pois a taxa do consumo é mais baixa do que a taxa de crescimento e pode potencialmente fornecer energia para calor, eletricidade e transportes a partir da mesma instalação. Atualmente, a maioria da cinza de biomassa produzida em unidades industriais é disposta em aterro ou reciclada na floresta ou na agricultura e, na maioria das vezes, isto sucede sem grande controlo. Contudo, considerando que o custo da eliminação de cinzas de biomassa vem crescendo, e que os volumes da cinza de biomassa estão a aumentar, uma gestão sustentável das cinzas tem de ser implementada. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o estudo do efeito de cinzas volantes de biomassa em argamassas e betões com base em cimento de modo a serem usadas como um material cimentíceo suplementar. Os resíduos analisados no estudo foram colhidos de caldeiras de leito fluidizado e caldeiras de grelha disponíveis em unidades de produção elétrica e em unidades industriais de produção de pasta e papel em Portugal. As caracterizações físicas e químicas das cinzas volantes de biomassa foram efetuadas. O cimento foi substituído pelas cinzas de biomassa a fim de investigar o efeito nas propriedades no estado fresco bem com nas propriedades no estado endurecido de formulações de argamassa e betão. Reações expansivas tais como a reação alcali-sílica (ASR) e as reações sulfáticas (externas e internas) foram estudadas a fim verificar a durabilidade das argamassas e betões de cimento contendo cinzas volantes de biomassa. As aplicações alternativas tais como a incorporação de cinzas em argamassas de cal e a ativação alcalina foram também estudadas. As partículas da cinza de biomassa eram irregulares na forma e finas. A caracterização química revelou que as cinzas eram similares a uma cinza volante da classe C. Os resultados em argamassas mostraram viabilidade para o uso de cinzas de biomassa como materiais cimentíceos suplementares em teores baixos (<20%). A trabalhabilidade, o conteúdo orgânico, o teor de alcalinos, cloretos e sulfatos são razões para impedir maiores incorporações de cinza de biomassa nas argamassas de cimento. Os resultados dos testes da durabilidade mostraram uma redução na expansão para argamassas e betões contendo cinzas de biomassa especialmente quando se misturou cinzas (20%) com metacaulino (10%). A incorporação da cinza de biomassa em argamassas de cal não melhorou as propriedades significativamente embora a carbonatação fosse maior quando da incorporação de 15 ou 20%. A mistura do metacaulino com a cinza de biomassa funcionou bem na aplicação envolvendo a ativação alcalina. Ligantes sem cimento Portland com resistência à compressão de 30-40 MPa foram obtidas pela ativação alcalina das cinzas de biomassa (60-80%) misturadas com o metacaulino (20-40%).
4
Fizette, Hobson H. "Development of concrete composites by synergistically using Illinois PCC Bottom Ash and Class F Fly Ash /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1328063751&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
5
Kaya, Ayse Idil. "A Study On Blended Bottom Ash Cements." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612504/index.pdf.
Abstract:
Cement production which is one of the most energy intensive industries plays a
significant role in emitting the greenhouse gases. Blended cement production by
supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash, ground granulated blast
furnace slag and natural pozzolan is one of the smart approaches to decrease energy
and ecology related concerns about the production.
Fly ash has been used as a substance to produce blended cements for years, but
bottom ash, its coarser counterpart, has not been utilized due to its lower pozzolanic
properties. This thesis study aims to evaluate the laboratory performance of blended
cements, which are produced both by fly ash and bottom ash.
Fly ash and bottom ash obtained from Seyitömer Power Plant were used to produce blended cements in 10, 20, 30 and 40% by mass as clinker replacement materials. One ordinary portland cement and eight blended cements were produced in the laboratory. Portland cement was ground 120 min to have a Blaine value of 3500±
100 cm2/g. This duration was kept constant in the production of bottom ash cements. Fly ash cements were produced by blending of laboratory produced portland cement and fly ash. Then, 2, 7, 28 and 90 day compressive strengths, normal consistencies, soundness and time of settings of cements were determined. It was found that blended fly ash and bottom ash cements gave comparable strength results at 28 day curing age for 10% and 20% replacement. Properties of blended cements were observed to meet the requirements specified by Turkish and American standards.
6
Jerban, Majid. "Performance of concrete incorporating amorphous silica residue and biomass fly ash." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9807.
Abstract:
L'industrie du ciment est l'une des principales sources d'émission de dioxyde de carbone. L'industrie mondiale du ciment contribue à environ 7% des émissions de gaz à effet de serre dans l'atmosphère. Afin d'aborder les effets environnementaux associés à la fabrication de ciment exploitant en permanence les ressources naturelles, il est nécessaire de développer des liants alternatifs pour fabriquer du béton durable. Ainsi, de nombreux sous-produits industriels ont été utilisés pour remplacer partiellement le ciment dans le béton afin de générer plus d'économie et de durabilité. La performance d'un additif de ciment est dans la cinétique d'hydratation et de la synergie entre les additions et de ciment Portland. Dans ce projet, deux sous-produits industriels sont étudiés comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs: le résidu de silice amorphe (RSA) et les cendres des boues de désencrage. Le RSA est un sous-produit de la production de magnésium provenant de l'Alliance Magnésium des villes d'Asbestos et Thedford Mines, et les cendres des boues de désencrage est un sous-produit de la combustion des boues de désencrage, l'écorce et les résidus de bois dans le système à lit fluidisé de l'usine de Brompton située près de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. Récemment, les cendres des boues de désencrage ont été utilisées comme des matériaux cimentaires alternatifs. L'utilisation de ces cendres comme matériau cimentaire dans la fabrication du béton conduit à réduire la qualité des bétons. Ces problèmes sont causés par des produits d'hydratation perturbateurs des cendres volantes de la biomasse quand ces cendres sont partiellement mélangées avec du ciment dans la fabrication du béton. Le processus de pré-mouillage de la cendre de boue de désencrage avant la fabrication du béton réduit les produits d'hydratation perturbateurs et par conséquent les propriétés mécaniques du béton sont améliorées. Les approches pour étudier la cendre de boue de désencrage dans ce projet sont : 1) caractérisation de cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée, 2) l'étude de la performance du mortier et du béton incorporant cette cendre volante régulière et pré-humidifiée. Le RSA est un nouveau sous-produit industriel. La haute teneur en silice amorphe en RSA est un excellent potentiel en tant que matériau cimentaire dans le béton. Dans ce projet, l'évaluation des RSA comme matériaux cimentaires alternatifs compose trois étapes. Tout d'abord, la caractérisation par la détermination des propriétés minéralogiques, physiques et chimiques des RSA, ensuite, l'optimisation du taux de remplacement du ciment par le RSA dans le mortier, et enfin l'évaluation du RSA en remplacement partiel du ciment dans différents types de béton dans le système binaire et ternaire. Cette étude a révélé que le béton de haute performance (BHP) incorporant le RSA a montré des propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité, similaire du contrôle. Le RSA a amélioré les propriétés des mécaniques et la durabilité du béton ordinaire (BO). Le béton autoplaçant (BAP) incorporant le RSA est stable, homogène et a montré de bonnes propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité. Le RSA avait une bonne synergie en combinaison de liant ternaire avec d'autres matériaux cimentaires supplémentaires. Cette étude a montré que le RSA peut être utilisé comme nouveaux matériaux cimentaires dans le béton.Abstract : Cement manufacturing industry is one of the carbon dioxide emitting sources. The global cement industry contributes about 7% of greenhouse gas emission to the earth’s atmosphere. In order to address environmental effects associated with cement manufacturing and constantly depleting natural resources, there is necessity to develop alternative binders to make sustainable concrete. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. The performance of a cement additive depends on kinetics hydration and synergy between additions and Portland cement. In this project, two industrial by-products are investigated as alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs), non-toxic amorphous silica residue (AmSR) and wastepaper sludge ash (WSA). AmSR is by-product of production of magnesium from Alliance Magnesium near of Asbestos and Thetford Mines Cities, and wastepaper sludge ash is by-product of combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in fluidized-bed system from Brompton mill located near Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada. The AmSR is new industrial by-products. Recently, wastepaper sludge ash has been used as cementitious materials. Utilization of these ashes as cementitious material in concrete manufacturing leads to reduce the mechanical properties of concretes. These problems are caused by disruptive hydration products of biomass fly ash once these ashes partially blended with cement in concrete manufacturing. The pre-wetting process of WSA before concrete manufacturing reduced disruptive hydration products and consequently improved concrete mechanical properties. Approaches for investigation of WSA in this project consist on characterizing regular and pre-wetted WSA, the effect of regular and pre-wetted WSA on performance of mortar and concrete. The high content of amorphous silica in AmSR is excellent potential as cementitious material in concrete. In this project, evaluation of AmSR as cementitious materials consists of three steps. Characterizing and determining physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of AmSR. Then, effect of different rates of replacement of cement by AmSR in mortar. Finally, study of effect of AmSR as partial replacement of cement in different concrete types with binary and ternary binder combinations. This study revealed that high performance concrete (HPC) incorporating AmSR showed similar mechanical properties and durability, compared to control mixture. AmSR improved mechanical properties and durability of ordinary concrete. Self-consolidating (SCC) concrete incorporating AmSR was stable, homogenous and showed good mechanical properties and durability. AmSR had good synergy in ternary binder combination with other supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). This study showed AmSR can be use as new cementitious materials in concrete.
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Shearer, Christopher R. "The productive reuse of coal, biomass and co-fired fly ash." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52298.
Abstract:
Stricter greenhouse gas emission limits and renewable energy requirements are expected to further increase the worldwide practices of firing biomass and co-firing biomass with coal, which are both considered more sustainable energy sources than coal-only combustion. Reuse options for the by-products of these processes -biomass ash and co-fired fly ash -remain limited. Therefore, this research examines their use as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete and as precursors for alkali-activated geopolymers.
Toward their potential use as an SCM, after characterizing these ashes assessing their compliance with ASTM C618 requirements, their impact on early-age hydration kinetics, rheology, setting time and permeability was assessed. Furthermore, the pozzolanic reactivity and the microstructural and hydrated phase development of the cement-ash samples were analyzed. The results show that a wood biomass ash sample was not satisfactory for use as an SCM. On the other hand, the findings demonstrate that co-fired fly ashes can significantly improve the strength and durability properties of concrete compared to ordinary portland cement, in part due to their pozzolanicity. Thus, it is recommended that the ASTM C618 standard be modified to permit co-fired fly ash sources that meet existing requirements and any additional requirements deemed necessary to ensure their satisfactory performance when used in concrete.
Toward their potential use in geopolymers, this study characterized the early-age reaction kinetics and rheological behavior of these materials, showing that their exothermic reactivity, plastic viscosity and yield stress are significantly influenced by the activator solution chemistry and other characteristics of the ash. Two co-fired fly ashes were successfully polymerized, with compressive strengths generally highest for ashes activated with solutions with a molar ratio of SiO₂/(Na₂O + K₂O) = 1. The results show that geopolymerization is a viable beneficial reuse for these emerging by-products. Further characterization of these materials by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy analysis revealed the heterogeneity of the aluminosilicate phase composition of the co-fired fly ash geopolymer gel at the nano- to micro-scale.
8
Lacour, Nicholas Alexander. "Engineering Characteristics of Coal Combustion Residuals and a Reconstitution Technique for Triaxial Samples." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33680.
Abstract:
Traditionally, coal combustion residuals (CCRs) were disposed of with little engineering consideration. Initially, common practice was to use a wet-scrubbing system to cut down on emissions of fly ash from the combustion facilities, where the ash materials were sluiced to the disposal facility and allowed to sediment out, forming deep deposits of meta-stable ash. As the life of the disposal facility progressed, new phases of the impoundment were constructed, often using the upstream method. One such facility experienced a massive slope stability failure on December 22, 2008 in Kingston, Tennessee, releasing millions of cubic yards of impounded ash material into the Watts Bar reservoir and damaging surrounding property. This failure led to the call for new federal regulations on CCR disposal areas and led coal burning facilities to seek out geotechnical consultants to review and help in the future design of their disposal facilities. CCRs are not a natural soil, nor a material that many geotechnical engineers deal with on a regular basis, so this thesis focuses on compiling engineering characteristics of CCRs determined by different researchers, while also reviewing current engineering practice when dealing with CCR disposal facilities. Since the majority of coal-burning facilities used the sluicing method to dispose of CCRs at one point, many times it is desirable to construct new "dry-disposal" phases above the retired ash impoundments; since in-situ sampling of CCRs is difficult and likely produces highly disturbed samples, a sample reconstitution technique is also presented for use in triaxial testing of surface impounded CCRs.Master of Science
9
Chenevert, Blake Charles. "Fine ash morphology and aerosol formation : a comparison of coal and biomass fuels /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7094.
10
Rissanen, J. (Jouni). "Utilization of biomass fly ash from bubbling fluidized bed combustion as a cement replacement material." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201601131005.
Abstract:
Cement production produces a significant portion of CO₂ emission caused by human activity. The replacing of cement with alternative binders is one way to reduce the CO₂ emission from cement industry and to save natural resources. In Finland, approximately 500 000 tons of biomass fly ash is created annually. Part of this ash could potentially be utilized as a cement replacement material if current concrete standards are modified to allow the use of biomass fly ash as a raw material of structural grade concrete, but even under current legislation biomass fly ash could be already utilized in low value concrete and mortar products or applications. In this study, the suitability of two biomass fly ash, from bubbling fluidized bed combustion, to partially replace cement in concrete was investigated. Cement was replaced also by milled sand to identify the effects of fine inert material. Replacement levels of 10%, 20% and 40% were used. Research methods included a grinding of materials, the preparation of mortar samples, evaluation of fresh mortar paste, strength measurements, calorimetry, electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis and chemical analysis. Results of the study demonstrated, that replacement of cement by biomass fly ashes or milled sand had a clear impact on the properties of fresh and hardened mortar. Both fly ashes involved the hydration of cement instead of acting just as a filler material. The chemical composition and performance of two studied fly ash differed greatly from each other and indicated that at least part of biomass fly ashes could be very potential alternatives to replace significant amounts of cement in concrete. On the other hand, some biomass fly ashes can also cause detrimental expansion when used in concreteSementin tuotanto on vastuussa merkittävästä osasta ihmiskunnan aiheuttamista CO₂ päästöistä. Sementin korvaaminen vaihtoehtoisilla sideaineilla on yksi keino pienentää sementtiteollisuuden CO₂ päästöjä sekä säästää luonnonvaroja. Suomessa syntyy vuosittain noin 500 000 tonnia lentotuhkaa biomassan poltosta. Osa tästä lentotuhkasta voitaisiin mahdollisesti hyödyntää sementtiä korvaavana raaka-aineena, mikäli nykyisiä betonistandardeja muutetaan tulevaisuudessa sallimaan myös biomassan poltosta syntyvät lentotuhkat betonin raaka-aineina. Nykyisessäkin tilanteessa biomassan lentotuhkaa voitaisiin hyödyntää matala arvoisissa betonituotteissa ja sovelluksissa. Työssä tutkittiin sementin osittaista korvaamista kahdella leijupoltosta peräisin olevalla biotuhkalla. Sementtiä korvattiin myös jauhetulla hiekalla eri vaikutusmekanismien selvittämiseksi. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin 10, 20 ja 40 % korvausasteita. Tutkimus metodit käsittivät materiaalien jauhamisen, kemiallisen koostumuksen analysoinnin, laastinäytteiden valmistamisen, tuoreen laastin ominaisuuksien arvioimisen, lujuusmittaukset, kalorimetrian, elektronimikroskopian sekä hydrataatiossa syntyneiden faasien määrityksen. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että sementin osittainen korvaaminen biomassan lentotuhkalla tai jauhetulla hiekalla vaikuttaa selvästi tuoreen sekä lujittuneen laastin ominaisuuksiin. Molemmat tuhkat vaikuttivat sementin hydrataatioon sen sijaan, että ne olisivat toimineet ainoastaan hienona täyteaineena. Tuhkien kemiallinen koostumus sekä vaikutukset valmistettujen näytekappaleiden ominaisuuksiin poikkesivat toisistaan huomattavasti. Tutkimuksen perusteella ainakin osa biomassa lentotuhkista voisivat korvata huomattavia osia betonissa käytettävästä sementistä. Jotkut lentotuhkista voivat puolestaan aiheuttaa betonin haitallista paisumista mikäli niitä käytetään sementtiä korvaavana ainesosana
Books on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
1
Hooton, R. D. The effects of fly ash and bottom ash fills on embedded concrete. S.l: s.n, 1987.
2
Theis, Mischa. Interaction of biomass fly ashes with different fouling tendencies. Åbo: Åbo Akademi, 2006.
3
Monroe County (N.Y.). Dept. of Health. The environmental impacts of utilizing fly ash as a bottom sealant for lakes resoration: Final report. [Albany]: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, 1988.
4
University, of California Davis. Trace metal mobilization during combustion of biomass fuels: PIER final project report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.
5
Davis, University of California. Trace metal mobilization during combustion of biomass fuels: PIER final project report. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.
6
Sr, Lownes Howard G. Pneumatic and Hydrautic Conveying of Both Fly Ash and Bottom Ash. Mainspring Foundations Publishing, 2022.
7
Youcai, Zhao. Pollution Control and Resource Recovery: Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration - Bottom Ash and Fly Ash. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.
8
Youcai, Zhao. Pollution Control and Resource Recovery : Municipal Solid Wastes Incineration: Bottom Ash and Fly Ash. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2016.
Book chapters on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
1
Weiss-Hortala, Elsa, Anthony Chesnaud, Laurène Haurie, Nathalie Lyczko, Rajesh Munirathinam, Ange Nzihou, Séverine Patry, Doan Pham Minh, and Claire E. White. "Solid Residues (Biochar, Bottom Ash, Fly Ash, …)." In Handbook on Characterization of Biomass, Biowaste and Related By-products, 1307–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35020-8_15.
2
Chiang, Pen-Chi, and Shu-Yuan Pan. "Fly Ash, Bottom Ash, and Dust." In Carbon Dioxide Mineralization and Utilization, 253–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3268-4_12.
3
Kumar, Anil, P. Jitendra Singh, K. Manish Jain, and K. Deependra Sinha. "Durability Properties of Admixture of Fly Ash, Bottom Ash and GBFS." In Proceedings of International Conference on Innovative Technologies for Clean and Sustainable Development (ICITCSD – 2021), 675–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93936-6_55.
4
Zhu, Chengjie, Ina Pundienė, Jolanta Pranckevičienė, and Modestas Kligys. "Properties of Biomass Fly Ash-Phosphogypsum Based Pastes." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 447–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44603-0_46.
5
Olivia, Monita, Rizky Noviandri, Gunawan Wibisono, and Iskandar Romey Sitompul. "Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) Geopolymer Hybrid Concrete Using Portland Cement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 173–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7924-7_11.
6
Rodrigues, R. P., P. V. Almeida, C. M. O. Martinho, L. M. Gando-Ferreira, and M. J. Quina. "Biochemical Methane Potential Enhancement Through Biomass Fly Ash Addition." In Environmental Science and Engineering, 655–63. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43559-1_62.
7
Brodie, H. L., L. E. Carr, G. A. Christiana, and J. R. Udinskey. "Manufacture of Artificial Soil by Composting Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash with Poultry Litter." In The Science of Composting, 603–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_58.
8
Rozli, Mohd Ikmal Fazlan, Juhaizad Ahmad, Mohd Asha’Ari Masrom, Syahrul Fithri Senin, and Abdul Samad Abdul Rahman. "The Effect of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Pile in Problematic Soil Due to Liquefaction." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2, 807–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_79.
9
Herath, H. M. R. S., C. S. Kalpage, and A. Manipura. "Utilization of Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as Raw Materials in Synthesis of Zeolites." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 437–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4412-2_33.
10
Raja, K., V. Sampathkumar, S. Anandaraj, S. Hariswaran, G. Dheeran Amarapathi, and B. Srisaran. "Comparative Study on Stabilisation of Bentonite Clay Using Municipal Incinerated Bottom Ash and Fly Ash." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 359–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6229-7_30.
Conference papers on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
1
Kulić Mandić, Aleksandra, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Đurđa Kerkez, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Pešić, and Miljana Prica. "A mini review: Optimal dye removal by fenton process catalysed with waste materials." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p21.
Abstract:
Large quantities of solid waste from different industries are commonly disposed in landfills, where can generate wide range of environmental problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to give insight on the usage of various waste materials as oxidation catalysts in different Fenton processes for dye removal. In that manner the circular value chain of these materials will be reinforced, obtaining disposal cost reduction and further value addition. Some of industrial wastes (fly ash, electric arc furnace dust, red mud, coal bottom ash, activated carbon from biomass, etc.) that have been used to catalyse Fenton reaction in various researches are reviewed from optimization point of view. Both types of optimization, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) are investigated. The study revealed that factors as catalyst concentration, pH value, hydrogen peroxide concentration, dye concentration and reaction time are main factors that influence final Fenton capacity as oxidation process catalysed with reviewed waste materials.
2
G. S., Ryu, Koh K. T., Kim S. H., Kang S. T., and Lee J. H. "Mechanical Characteristics of Geopolymer Concrete Using Bottom Ash and Fly Ash." In Research, Development and Practice in Structural Engineering and Construction. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7920-4_m-62-0442.
3
Deraman, Laila Mardiah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Liew Yun Ming, and Kamarudin Hussin. "Density and morphology studies on bottom ash and fly ash geopolymer brick." In ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY V: International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering and Technology 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4981869.
4
Soleh, Mochamad, Yudi Hidayat, and Zaenal Abidin. "Development of Coal Fired Power Plant Aging Fly Ash and Bottom Ash Utilization." In 2019 International Conference on Technologies and Policies in Electric Power & Energy. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf48524.2019.9102477.
5
"Using High-Volume Fly Ash in lightweight Concrete with Bottom Ash as Aggregate." In "SP-199: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete". American Concrete Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/10486.
6
Abdulkareem, O. A., J. C. Matthews, and A. M. M. A. Bakri. "Strength and porosity characterizations of blended biomass wood ash-fly ash-based geopolymer mortar." In 4TH ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018 (EGM 2018). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5080909.
7
"Durability of Lightweight Concrete Containing High Volume Fly Ash and Highly Porous Bottom Ash." In SP-234: Seventh CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete. American Concrete Institute, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.14359/15967.
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Fauzi, Achmad, Wan Mohd Nazmi, and Usama Juniansyah Fauzi. "SUBGRADE STABILIZATION ASSESSMENT OF KUANTAN CLAY USING LIME, PORTLAND CEMENT, FLY ASH, AND BOTTOM ASH." In Proceedings of the 3rd and 5th International Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814365161_0065.
9
Olivia, Monita, Amsal Anwary, Gunawan Wibisono, Iskandar R. Sitompul, Steve W. M. Supit, and Fathoni Usman. "Evaluating mechanical properties of fly ash bottom ash (FABA) geopolymer hybrid concrete in peat environment." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF GREEN CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (GCEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0072591.
10
Šídlová, Martina, Rostislav Šulc, Pavol Rak, Petr Formáček, Klára Pulcová, and Roman Snop. "Comparison of different methods for assessing the pozzolanic activity of fly ash and bottom ash." In 24TH TOPICAL CONFERENCE ON RADIO-FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0137066.
Reports on the topic "Biomass fly ash and bottom ash":
1
Karim, Ahmed, C. Lovell, and Rodrigo Salgado. Building Embankments of Fly/Bottom Ash Mixtures. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313157.
2
Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587240.bard.
Abstract:
Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
3
Dick, Warren, Yona Chen, and Maurice Watson. Improving nutrient availability in alkaline coal combustion by-products amended with composted animal manures. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695883.bard.
Abstract:
Hypothesis and Objectives: We hypothesized that coal combustion products (CCPs), including those created during scrubbing of sulfur dioxide from flue gases, can be used alone or mixed with composted animal manures as effective growth media for plants. Our specific objectives were, therefore, to (1) measure the chemical, physical and hydraulic properties of source materials and prepared mixes, (2) determine the optimum design mix of CCPs and composted animal manures for growth of plants, (3) evaluate the leachate water quality and plant uptake of selected elements from prepared mixes, (4) quantify the interaction between composted animal manures and B concentrations in the mixes, (5) study the availability of P to plants growing in the mixes, and (6) determine the microbial community and siderophores involved in the solubilization of Fe and its transfer to plants. Background: In recent years a major expansion of electricity production by coal combustion has taken place in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world. As a result, a large amount of CCPs are created that include bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and other combustion products. In Israel 100,000 tons of fly ash (10% of total CCPs) are produced each year and in the US a total of 123 million tons of CCPs are produced each year with 71 million tons of fly ash, 18 million tons of bottom ash and 12 million tons of FGD gypsum. Many new scrubbers are being installed and will come on-line in the next 2 to 10 years and this will greatly expand the amount of FGD gypsum. One of the main substrates used in Israel for growth media is volcanic ash (scoria; tuff). The resemblance of bottom coal ash to tuff led us to the assumption that it is possible to substitute tuff with bottom ash. Similarly, bottom ash and FGD gypsum were considered excellent materials for creating growth mixes for agricultural and nursery production uses. In the experiments conducted, bottom ash was studied in Israel and bottom ash, fly ash and FGD gypsum was studied in the US. Major Achievements: In the US, mixes were tested that combine bottom ash, organic amendments (i.e. composts) and FGD gypsum and the best mixes supported growth of tomato, wheat and marigolds that were equal to or better than two commercial mixes used as a positive control. Plants grown on bottom ash in Israel also performed very well and microelements and radionuclides analyses conducted on plants grown on bottom coal ash proved it is safe to ingest the edible organs of these plants. According to these findings, approval to use bottom coal ash for growing vegetables and fruits was issued by the Israeli Ministry of Health. Implications: Bottom coal ash is a suitable substitute for volcanic ash (scoria; tuff) obtained from the Golan Heights as a growth medium in Israel. Recycling of bottom coal ash is more environmentally sustainable than mining a nonrenewable resource. The use of mixes containing CCPs was shown feasible for growing plants in the United States and is now being evaluated at a commercial nursery where red sunset maple trees are being grown in a pot-in-pot production system. In addition, because of the large amount of FGD gypsum that will become available, its use for production of agronomic crops is being expanded due to success of this study.
4
H. Carrasco and H. Sarper. Developing Engineered Fuel (Briquettes) Using Fly Ash from the Aquila Coal-Fired Power Plant in Canon City and Locally Available Biomass Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901786.