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Journal articles on the topic 'Biomacromolecules'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Sequeira, Rosy Alphons, Jitkumar Bhatt, and Kamalesh Prasad. "Recent Trends in Processing of Proteins and DNA in Alternative Solvents: A Sustainable Approach." Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1020010.

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Throughout numerous research works on biomacromolecules, several breakthrough innovations have occurred in the field of biomacromolecule processing. Remarkable improvements have been made so far to address the problems associated with biomacromolecule processing technologies in terms of enhancing the efficiency of the processes. Green technology broadly focuses on the search for new techno-economic systems to replace the conventional systems which exhibit pernicious consequences for the environment and the health of organisms. The strategy practiced popularly is the use of alternate solvent systems, replacing the conventional toxic, volatile, and harsh organic solvents to prevent denaturation, biotransformation, enzyme activity loss, and degradation of biomacromolecules. Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as greener alternatives over the past two decades and there has been an exponential increase in reports in the literature. The utility of neoteric solvents in biomacromolecule treatment may be envisaged for industrial processes in the near future. The current state of the art regarding the recent developments made over the past few years using neoteric solvents has been reviewed in this article. The recent scientific developments regarding the use of these neoteric solvents, especially ILs and DESs, for processes such as solubilization, extraction, and functionalization of biomacromolecules, especially proteins and DNA, have been addressed in this article. This review may be beneficial for designing novel and selective methodologies for the processing of biomacromolecules, opening doors for better material research in areas such as biotechnology and biological sciences.

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Pleshakova, Tatyana O., Yuri D. Ivanov, Anastasia A. Valueva, Victoria V. Shumyantseva, Ekaterina V. Ilgisonis, Elena A. Ponomarenko, Andrey V. Lisitsa, Vladimir P. Chekhonin, and Alexander I. Archakov. "Analysis of Single Biomacromolecules and Viruses: Is It a Myth or Reality?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (January 18, 2023): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031877.

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The beginning of the twenty-first century witnessed novel breakthrough research directions in the life sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics, translatomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. A newly developed single-molecule approach addresses the physical and chemical properties and the functional activity of single (individual) biomacromolecules and viral particles. Within the alternative approach, the combination of “single-molecule approaches” is opposed to “omics approaches”. This new approach is fundamentally unique in terms of its research object (a single biomacromolecule). Most studies are currently performed using postgenomic technologies that allow the properties of several hundreds of millions or even billions of biomacromolecules to be analyzed. This paper discusses the relevance and theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the development potential of a single-molecule approach using methods based on molecular detectors.

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3

Zhang, Huifeng, Yanfei Zhang, Chuang Zhang, Huan Yu, Yinghui Ma, Zhengqiang Li, and Nianqiu Shi. "Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8 (August 7, 2023): 2093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082093.

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Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs’ superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases.

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Ivanov, Yuri D., Vadim Yu Tatur, Alexander V. Glukhov, and Vadim S. Ziborov. "Concentration Sensitivity of Nucleic Acid and Protein Molecule Detection Using Nanowire Biosensors." Biophysica 1, no. 3 (August 14, 2021): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biophysica1030024.

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The concentration detection limit (DL) of biomacromolecules attainable using a nanowire detector has become a topical issue. A DL of 10−15 M is required to reveal oncological and infectious diseases at an early stage. This study discusses the DL experimentally attainable in the subfemtomolar concentration range, and possible mechanisms explaining such a low-concentration DL through the cooperative effect of biomacromolecular complexes formed on the surface of the nanowire (NW) chip near the nanowire.

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5

Kaupbayeva, Bibifatima, and Alan J. Russell. "Polymer-enhanced biomacromolecules." Progress in Polymer Science 101 (February 2020): 101194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101194.

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6

Ruso, Juan M., and Natalia Hassan. "Role of Biomacromolecules in Biomedical Engineering." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 14 (October 10, 2018): 1171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180816155917.

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Biomacromolecules structures and their interaction between different systems have been extensively studied in the last years. Nevertheless, in the medicinal context, it has not been studied deeply. For this reason, the interest to investigate the behavior of different biomacromolecules such us proteins, organelles, phospholipids, etc. with soft materials has opened new research lines. Computational and experimental methodologies have tried to answer different questions that have been difficult to solve, due to the complexity of the phenomenon, as an example, competition between biomacromolecules and soft materials for a specific organ. In this review, we would like to demonstrate how soft materials influence the biomacromolecules structures and how to change their response, biodistribution and also biocompatibility for future applications.

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7

Ling, Jordy Kim Ung, and Kunn Hadinoto. "Deep Eutectic Solvent as Green Solvent in Extraction of Biological Macromolecules: A Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063381.

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Greater awareness of environmental sustainability has driven many industries to transition from using synthetic organic solvents to greener solvents in their manufacturing. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as a highly promising category of green solvents with well-demonstrated and wide-ranging applications, including their use as a solvent in extraction of small-molecule bioactive compounds for food and pharmaceutical applications. The use of DES as an extraction solvent of biological macromolecules, on the other hand, has not been as extensively studied. Thereby, the feasibility of employing DES for biomacromolecule extraction has not been well elucidated. To bridge this gap, this review provides an overview of DES with an emphasis on its unique physicochemical properties that make it an attractive green solvent (e.g., non-toxicity, biodegradability, ease of preparation, renewable, tailorable properties). Recent advances in DES extraction of three classes of biomacromolecules—i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids—were discussed and future research needs were identified. The importance of DES’s properties—particularly its viscosity, polarity, molar ratio of DES components, and water addition—on the DES extraction’s performance were discussed. Not unlike the findings from DES extraction of bioactive small molecules, DES extraction of biomacromolecules was concluded to be generally superior to extraction using synthetic organic solvents.

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8

KANEKO, Yoshiro, and Jun-ichi KADOKAWA. "Biomacromolecules as Organic Resources." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 81, no. 3 (2008): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.81.112.

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9

Zhang, Luyu, Zirong Dong, Wenjuan Liu, Xiying Wu, Haisheng He, Yi Lu, Wei Wu, and Jianping Qi. "Novel Pharmaceutical Strategies for Enhancing Skin Penetration of Biomacromolecules." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 7 (July 16, 2022): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15070877.

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Skin delivery of biomacromolecules holds great advantages in the systemic and local treatment of multiple diseases. However, the densely packed stratum corneum and the tight junctions between keratinocytes stand as formidable skin barriers against the penetration of most drug molecules. The large molecular weight, high hydrophilicity, and lability nature of biomacromolecules pose further challenges to their skin penetration. Recently, novel penetration enhancers, nano vesicles, and microneedles have emerged as efficient strategies to deliver biomacromolecules deep into the skin to exert their therapeutic action. This paper reviews the potential application and mechanisms of novel skin delivery strategies with emphasis on the pharmaceutical formulations.

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10

Ma, Ji, Yu-Min Yin, Hai-Ling Liu, and Meng-Xia Xie. "Interactions of Flavonoids with Biomacromolecules." Current Organic Chemistry 15, no. 15 (August 1, 2011): 2627–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138527211796367345.

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11

Černý, Jiří, and Pavel Hobza. "Non-covalent interactions in biomacromolecules." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 9, no. 39 (2007): 5291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b704781a.

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12

Stemmer, A., A. Engel, R. Häring, R. Reichelt, and U. Aebi. "Scanning tunneling microscopy of biomacromolecules." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 444–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104285.

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Since its invention in the early 1980s the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has rapidly evolved into a well established tool in solid state physics for surface structure analysis at atomic resolution. Recently a growing interest in the STM for investigating biological matter has been expressed, since surface ‘topographs’ of biomacromolecules can be recorded at ambient pressure or possibly in buffer solutions, thereby eliminating structural alterations induced by specimen dehydration such as required for electron microscopy (EM).As simple as a STM may look, it provides a wealth of information ranging from mere surface topography and local variations in the tunnel-barrier height to local spectroscopy of electronic states and elasticity. On the other hand the physics involved in imaging biological specimens such as protein or DNA, membranes, or fatty acid monolayers, which are generally known to be poor conductors, is not quite understood yet. To cope with insulators the atomic force microscope (AFM), a relative of the STM, provides a means to obtain topographs and elasticity data.

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13

WILKINSON, SOPHIE. "Biomacromolecules: Hot off the press." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 11 (March 13, 2000): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n011.p011a.

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14

Albertsson, Ann-Christine. "Celebrating 20 years of Biomacromolecules!" Biomacromolecules 20, no. 2 (January 15, 2019): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01782.

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15

Fujiwara, Masahiro, Kumi Shiokawa, Kenichi Morigaki, Yingchun Zhu, and Yoshiko Nakahara. "Calcium carbonate microcapsules encapsulating biomacromolecules." Chemical Engineering Journal 137, no. 1 (March 15, 2008): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.010.

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16

Li, Adrian B., Jonathan A. Kluge, Nicholas A. Guziewicz, Fiorenzo G. Omenetto, and David L. Kaplan. "Silk-based stabilization of biomacromolecules." Journal of Controlled Release 219 (December 2015): 416–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.037.

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17

Wu, Jianzhong, and Dimitrios Morikis. "Molecular thermodynamics for charged biomacromolecules." Fluid Phase Equilibria 241, no. 1-2 (March 2006): 317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2005.12.044.

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18

Guckenberger, Reinhard, Winfried Wiegräbe, and Wolfgang Baumeister. "Scanning tunnelling microscopy of biomacromolecules." Journal of Microscopy 152, no. 3 (December 1988): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1988.tb01451.x.

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19

Liu, Kai, Dong Chen, Alessio Marcozzi, Lifei Zheng, Juanjuan Su, Diego Pesce, Wojciech Zajaczkowski, et al. "Thermotropic liquid crystals from biomacromolecules." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111, no. 52 (December 15, 2014): 18596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421257111.

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20

Shankla, Manish, and Aleksei Aksimentiev. "Defect-Guided Transport of Biomacromolecules." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (February 2017): 154a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.845.

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21

Rossi, Claudio, Claudia Bonechi, Alberto Foletti, Agnese Magnani, and Silvia Martini. "Biopolymers and Biomacromolecules Solvent Dynamics." Macromolecular Symposia 335, no. 1 (January 2014): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201300004.

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22

Reedijk, Jan. "Metal coordination by natural biomacromolecules." Macromolecular Symposia 80, no. 1 (March 1994): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.19940800108.

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23

Kobayashi, Shiro, and Hiroshi Uyama. "Biomacromolecules and Bio-Related Macromolecules." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 204, no. 2 (February 2003): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200290084.

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24

Xie, Jing Jing, Hui Zeng, Meng Hu Wang, Shao He Xie, and Zheng Yi Fu. "Biomineralization-Inspired Synthesis for Hierarchical Structured ZnO Powders with Enhanced Potocatalytic Activity." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.397.

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Nature is a perfect designer in fabricating biomaterials with well-defined and hierarchical nanostructures. Here we report a biomineralization-inspired approach for preparing hierarchical ZnO structure with high UV-light efficiency. The results show that biomacromolecules play an important role on controlling growth and assembly of ZnO nanostructures. It is found that the biomacromolecules favoring the isotropic growth of ZnO at the high concentration.

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25

Azandaryani, Abbas H., Soheila Kashanian, and Tahereh Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani. "Recent Insights into Effective Nanomaterials and Biomacromolecules Conjugation in Advanced Drug Targeting." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20, no. 7 (August 8, 2019): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666190417125101.

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Targeted drug delivery, also known as smart drug delivery or active drug delivery, is a subcategory of nanomedicine. Using this strategy, the medication is delivered into the infected organs in the patient’s body or to the targeted sites inside the cells. In order to improve therapeutic efficiency and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the active pharmaceutical agents, conjugation of biomacromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and nanoparticulate drug carriers, has been mostly recommended by scientists in the last decades. Several covalent conjugation pathways are used for biomacromolecules coupling with nanomaterials in nanomedicine including carbodiimides and “click” mediated reactions, thiol-mediated conjugation, and biotin-avidin interactions. However, choosing one or a combination of these methods with suitable coupling for application to advanced drug delivery is essential. This review focuses on new and high impacted published articles in the field of nanoparticles and biomacromolecules coupling studies, as well as their advantages and applications.

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26

Connor, Alexander J., Runye H. Zha, and Mattheos Koffas. "Bioproduction of biomacromolecules for antiviral applications." Current Opinion in Biotechnology 69 (June 2021): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2021.01.022.

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27

Van Hoey, Nicole Marie. "Pharmaceutical Chemistry: Therapeutic Aspects of Biomacromolecules." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36 (October 2002): 1655–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c205.

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28

Futaki, Shiroh, Jan Vincent V. Arafiles, and Hisaaki Hirose. "Peptide-assisted Intracellular Delivery of Biomacromolecules." Chemistry Letters 49, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.200392.

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29

Sastry, Murali, Mala Rao, and Krishna N. Ganesh. "Electrostatic Assembly of Nanoparticles and Biomacromolecules." Accounts of Chemical Research 35, no. 10 (October 2002): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar010094x.

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30

Paleček, Emil, and Vlastimil Dorčák. "Label-free electrochemical analysis of biomacromolecules." Applied Materials Today 9 (December 2017): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2017.08.011.

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31

Li, Wei, Yanli Li, Yan Fu, and Jinli Zhang. "Enantioseparation of chiral ofloxacin using biomacromolecules." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 30, no. 7 (May 11, 2013): 1448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0048-1.

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32

Hillenkamp, Franz, and Michael Karas. "Laser desorption mass spectrometry of biomacromolecules." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 343, no. 1 (1992): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00331963.

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33

Slyadnikov, E. E. "A microscopic model of informative biomacromolecules." Technical Physics Letters 32, no. 4 (April 2006): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785006040237.

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34

VAN BERGEN, P. F., M. E. COLLINSON, D. E. G. BRIGGS, J. W. DE LEEUW, A. C. SCOTT, R. P. EVERSHED, and P. FINCH. "Resistant biomacromolecules in the fossil record1." Acta Botanica Neerlandica 44, no. 4 (December 1995): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.1995.tb00791.x.

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35

Hašek, J., T. Koval, P. Kolenko, T. Skálová, J. Dušková, and J. Dohnálek. "Interactions between hydrophilic polymers and biomacromolecules." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 78, a2 (August 23, 2022): a343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273322093883.

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36

Teramoto, Naozumi. "Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers (2017–2019)." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102386.

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Now, we have over 1000 papers in the field of “Biomacromolecules, Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers”, one section of Polymers (Basel). This is one of the largest sections in Polymers, including issues on biomacromolecules, biobased polymers, and biodegradable polymers for applications with environmentally benign materials, biomedical materials and so on. These applications are attracting attention day by day as there exist a lot of problems regarding environmental and biomedical issues. Here I reviewed papers published in this section between 2017 and 2019 and introduce prominent papers, analyzing the numbers of citations (times cited).

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37

Tan, Pan, Juan Huang, Eugene Mamontov, Victoria García Sakai, Franci Merzel, Zhuo Liu, Yiyang Ye, and Liang Hong. "Decoupling between the translation and rotation of water in the proximity of a protein molecule." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 32 (2020): 18132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp02416c.

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38

Harguindey, Albert, Heidi R. Culver, Jasmine Sinha, Christopher N. Bowman, and Jennifer N. Cha. "Efficient cellular uptake of click nucleic acid modified proteins." Chemical Communications 56, no. 35 (2020): 4820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc09401f.

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39

Swetha, Puchakayala, Ze Fan, Fenglin Wang, and Jian-Hui Jiang. "Genetically encoded light-up RNA aptamers and their applications for imaging and biosensing." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 16 (2020): 3382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02668a.

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40

Lv, Yun-Kai, Yan-Dong He, Xue Xiong, Jin-Zhi Wang, Hai-Yan Wang, and Ya-Meng Han. "Layer-by-layer fabrication of restricted access media-molecularly imprinted magnetic microspheres for magnetic dispersion microextraction of bisphenol A from milk samples." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 3 (2015): 1792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4nj01882f.

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41

Brudar, Sandi, Jure Gujt, Eckhard Spohr, and Barbara Hribar-Lee. "Studying the mechanism of phase separation in aqueous solutions of globular proteins via molecular dynamics computer simulations." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 1 (2021): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05160h.

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42

Roque-Borda, Cesar Augusto, Marcos William de Lima Gualque, Fauller Henrique da Fonseca, Fernando Rogério Pavan, and Norival Alves Santos-Filho. "Nanobiotechnology with Therapeutically Relevant Macromolecules from Animal Venoms: Venoms, Toxins, and Antimicrobial Peptides." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14050891.

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Some diseases of uncontrolled proliferation such as cancer, as well as infectious diseases, are the main cause of death in the world, and their causative agents have rapidly developed resistance to the various existing treatments, making them even more dangerous. Thereby, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is a challenge promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Biomacromolecules, isolated or synthesized from a natural template, have therapeutic properties which have not yet been fully studied, and represent an unexplored potential in the search for new drugs. These substances, starting from conglomerates of proteins and other substances such as animal venoms, or from minor substances such as bioactive peptides, help fight diseases or counteract harmful effects. The high effectiveness of these biomacromolecules makes them promising substances for obtaining new drugs; however, their low bioavailability or stability in biological systems is a challenge to be overcome in the coming years with the help of nanotechnology. The objective of this review article is to describe the relationship between the structure and function of biomacromolecules of animal origin that have applications already described using nanotechnology and targeted delivery.

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Liu, Lina, Dongyue Su, Xiaoman Liu, Lei Wang, Jie Zhan, Hui Xie, Xianghe Meng, Hao Zhang, Jian Liu, and Xin Huang. "Construction of biological hybrid microcapsules with defined permeability towards programmed release of biomacromolecules." Chem. Commun. 53, no. 85 (2017): 11678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06243e.

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44

Joss, Daniel, Florine Winter, and Daniel Häussinger. "A novel, rationally designed lanthanoid chelating tag delivers large paramagnetic structural restraints for biomolecular NMR." Chemical Communications 56, no. 84 (2020): 12861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04337k.

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45

Aghanouri, Abolfazl, and Gang Sun. "Hansen solubility parameters as a useful tool in searching for solvents for soy proteins." RSC Advances 5, no. 3 (2015): 1890–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09115a.

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46

Xie, Tianjin, Yuxin Liu, Jiali Xie, Yujie Luo, Kai Mao, Chengzhi Huang, Yuanfang Li, and Shujun Zhen. "Catalyzed Hairpin Assembly-Assisted DNA Dendrimer Enhanced Fluorescence Anisotropy for MicroRNA Detection." Chemosensors 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2022): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120501.

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Biomacromolecules have been employed successfully as fluorescence anisotropy (FA) amplifiers for biosensing in reported studies. However, the sensitivities of the traditional biomacromolecule amplified FA strategies need to be improved because of the relatively low molecular weight or volume of a single biomacromolecule and the 1:1 binding ratio between the fluorophore-linked probe and target. In this work, a DNA dendrimer with a high molecular weight and volume was employed as a new FA amplifier, which was coupled with target-catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) for the sensitive detection of miRNA-21. The fluorophore-modified probe DNA (pDNA) was fixed on the DNA dendrimer, resulting in a high FA value. The addition of miRNA-21 triggered the CHA process and produced plenty of H1-H2 hybrids. The complex of H1-H2 bound to the DNA dendrimer and released the pDNA through a toehold-mediated strand exchange reaction. Thus, a low FA value was obtained because of the low mass and volume of free pDNA. Based on the dramatically reduced FA, miRNA-21 was detected in the range of 1.0–19.0 nM and the limit of detection was 52.0 pM. In addition, our method has been successfully utilized for miRNA-21 detection in human serum. This strategy is sensitive and selective and is expected to be used to detect other biomolecules simply by changing the corresponding nucleic acid probe.

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47

Szpunar, J., and R. Lobinski. "Species-selective Analysis for Metal - Biomacromolecular Complexes using Hyphenated Techniques." Pure and Applied Chemistry 71, no. 5 (May 30, 1999): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac199971050899.

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Analytical chemistry of metal complexes with biomacromolecules based on the coupling of a high resolution separation technique with an element or species selective detection technique is critically discussed. The role of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) with on-line atomic spectrometric detection is evaluated for the characterization of the metal distribution among the fractions of different molecular weight. Attention is given to the conditions for the separation of metallated biomacromolecular isoforms and sub-isoforms by anion-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC. Techniques for interfacing chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP AES) and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP MS) are assessed. The potential of electrospray (tandem) mass spectrometry for the on-line determination of the molecular mass of the eluting protein is highlighted. Perspectives for capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), microbore and capillary HPLC with ICP MS and electrospray MS detection for probing metalloproteins are discussed. Applications of hyphenated techniques to the analysis of real-world samples are reviewed.

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48

Pronkin, Pavel G., and Alexander S. Tatikolov. "Fluorescent Probes for Biomacromolecules Based on Monomethine Cyanine Dyes." Chemosensors 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2023): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050280.

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Monomethine cyanine dyes (MCDs) are widely applied as biomolecular probes and stains in biochemical and biomedical research. This is based on the ability of MCDs to associate with biomolecules (mostly nucleic acids) with significant fluorescent growth. The present review considers the works devoted to the properties of MCDs and the influence of noncovalent interactions with biomacromolecules on their properties, as well as their use as noncovalent probes and stains for various biomacromolecules. The synthesis and photonics (photophysics and photochemistry; in particular, the generation of the triplet state) of MCDs are also considered. Areas and prospects of the practical applications of MCDs in biochemistry and biomedicine are discussed.

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Mehreen, Saba, Mehwash Zia, Ajmal Khan, Javid Hussain, Saeed Ullah, Muhammad U. Anwar, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, and Muhammad Moazzam Naseer. "Phenoxy pendant isatins as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: reciprocal carbonyl⋯carbonyl interactions, antiparallel π⋯π stacking driven solid state self-assembly and biological evaluation." RSC Advances 12, no. 32 (2022): 20919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra03307k.

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Peng, Gang, Xiaohui Hou, Bailing Liu, Hualin Chen, and Rong Luo. "Stabilized enzyme immobilization on micron-size PSt–GMA microspheres: different methods to improve the carriers' surface biocompatibility." RSC Advances 6, no. 94 (2016): 91431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18126k.

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