Journal articles: 'Bioluminescence Vibrio fischeri'

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Sarter, S., I. Metayer, and N. Zakhia. "Effects of mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol, on the bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri." World Mycotoxin Journal 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2008.1011.

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The effects of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol on the luminescence of Vibrio fischeri were investigated to determine the conditions of using the bioluminescence as an indirect means for mycotoxin detection. The culture of Vibrio fischeri showed that bioluminescence reached a peak after 12 hours of incubation at 25 °C and then decreased drastically. During the lag phase which lasted 6 hours, light emission decreased drastically for both the mycotoxin assays – aflatoxin B1 10 µg/ml and deoxynivalenol 20 µg/ml – and the corresponding controls. Distinct bioluminescence inhibition appeared after this period of minimal bioluminescence of the controls and started with the exponential phase of growth. The percentage of bioluminescence inhibition for both mycotoxins was determined after 3.5, 10, 15 and 25 hours of incubation. The bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri was inhibited with aflatoxin B1 and enhanced with deoxynivalenol. Both effects were delayed and required a long-term incubation over 10 hours, which may help to investigate bioassays for mycotoxin detection.

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Walker, Emma L., Jeffrey L. Bose, and Eric V. Stabb. "Photolyase Confers Resistance to UV Light but Does Not Contribute to the Symbiotic Benefit of Bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri ES114." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 10 (August 21, 2006): 6600–6606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01272-06.

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ABSTRACT Recent reports suggest that the selective advantage of bioluminescence for bacteria is mediated by light-dependent stimulation of photolyase to repair DNA lesions. Despite evidence for this model, photolyase mutants have not been characterized in a naturally bioluminescent bacterium, nor has this hypothesis been tested in bioluminescent bacteria under natural conditions. We have now characterized the photolyase encoded by phr in the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri ES114. Consistent with Phr possessing photolyase activity, phr conferred light-dependent resistance to UV light. However, upon comparing ES114 to a phr mutant and a dark ΔluxCDABEG mutant, we found that bioluminescence did not detectably affect photolyase-mediated resistance to UV light. Addition of the light-stimulating autoinducer N-3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone appeared to increase UV resistance, but this was independent of photolyase or bioluminescence. Moreover, although bioluminescence confers an advantage for V. fischeri during colonization of its natural host, Euprymna scolopes, the phr mutant colonized this host to the same level as the wild type. Taken together, our results indicate that at least in V. fischeri strain ES114, the benefits of bioluminescence during symbiotic colonization are not mediated by photolyase, and although some UV resistance mechanism may be coregulated with bioluminescence, we found no evidence that light production benefits cells by stimulating photolyase in this strain.

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Yang, Xuepeng, Yan Ji, Fangfang Wang, Jia Xu, Xiangzhen Liu, Ke Ma, Xiangmei Hu, and Jianbin Ye. "Comparison of organics and heavy metals acute toxicities to Vibrio fischeri." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 81, no. 6 (2016): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc151124011y.

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Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition has been widely used to test acute toxicities of metals and organics contaminants. However, the differences of metals and organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri have not been compared. Here, four heavy metals (Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr6+) and five organics (phenol, benzoic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, nitro-benzene and benzene) acute toxicities to V. fischeri were investigated. Heavy metals toxicities to V. fischeri were increased along with the reaction time, while the organics toxicities kept the same level in different reaction times. In order to explain the difference, the relative cell death rate of V. fischeri was detected. In metals toxicities tests, the bioluminescence inhibition rate of V. fischeri was found to be significantly higher than the relative cell death rate (P<0.05), while for the organics toxicities tests, the cell death rate was similar to the bioluminescence inhibition rate. These results indicated that organics acute toxicities to V. fischeri could reflect the death of cell, but metals acute toxicities to V. fischeri may not lead to the death of cell, just represent the bioluminescence inhibition.

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Perry, Lynda L., Nathan G. Bright, Richard J. Carroll, Jr., M. Cathy Scott, Michael S. Allen, and Bruce M. Applegate. "Molecular characterization of autoinduction of bioluminescence in the Microtox® indicator strain Vibrio fischeri ATCC 49387." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 549–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w05-019.

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Repeated attempts to clone the luxI from Vibrio fischeri ATCC 49387 failed to produce a clone carrying a functional LuxI. Sequence data from the clones revealed the presence of a polymorphism when compared with previously published luxI sequences, prompting further characterization of bioluminescence regulation in V. fischeri ATCC 49387. Further investigation of V. fischeri ATCC 49387 revealed that its LuxI protein lacks detectable LuxI activity due to the presence of a glutamine residue at position 125 in the deduced amino acid sequence. Specific bioluminescence in V. fischeri ATCC 49387 increases with increasing cell density, indicative of a typical autoinduction response. However, conditioned medium from this strain does not induce bioluminescence in an ATCC 49387 luxR-plux-based acyl homoserine lactone reporter strain, but does induce bioluminescence in ATCC 49387. It has been previously shown that a V. fischeri MJ-1 luxI mutant exhibits autoinduction of bioluminescence through N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, the product of the AinS autoinducer synthase. However, a bioreporter based on luxR-plux from V. fischeri ATCC 49387 responded poorly to conditioned medium from V. fischeri ATCC 49387 and also responded poorly to authentic N-octanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone. A similar MJ-1-based bioreporter showed significant induction under the same conditions. A putative ainS gene cloned from ATCC 49387, unlike luxI from ATCC 49387, expresses V. fischeri autoinducer synthase activity in Escherichia coli. This study suggests that a regulatory mechanism independent of LuxR and LuxI but possibly involving AinS is responsible for the control of autoinduction of bioluminescence in V. fischeri ATCC 49387.Key words: quorum sensing, bioluminescence, Vibrio fischeri.

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Lee, John. "Fluorescent Antenna Proteins from the Bioluminescent Bacteria." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 1002–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600025137.

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The emission spectrum from bioluminescent bacteria has been observed to depend on the type of bacteria. Photobacterium phosphoreum species usually show bioluminescence maxima around 472 nm and Photobacterium leiognathi species to slightly longer wavelength. A certain strain (Yl) of Vibrio fischeri, has a yellow bioluminescence with maximum at 542 nm. These differences have been explained as due to the bioluminescence originating from the fluorescence transition of an “antenna” protein, participating in the bioluminescence reaction along with the enzyme bacterial luciferase. The bioluminescence from a number of coelenterates involves a similar participation of an antenna protein, the famous “Green-Fluorescent Protein” being the origin of the bioluminescence emission from these organisms.

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Petrun, Branden, and C. Phoebe Lostroh. "Vibrio fischeriexhibit the growth advantage in stationary-phase phenotype." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 2 (February 2013): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2012-0439.

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Vibrio fischeri are bioluminescent marine bacteria that can be isolated from their symbiotic animal partners or from ocean water. A V. fischeri population increases exponentially inside the light organ of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) while the host is quiescent during the day. This bacterial light organ population reaches stationary phase and then remains high during the night, when the squid use bacterial bioluminescence as a counter-predation strategy. At dawn, host squid release 90%–95% of the light organ contents into the ocean water prior to burying in the sand for the day. As the squid sleeps, the cycle of bacterial population growth in the light organ begins again. These V. fischeri cells that are vented into the ocean must persist under typical marine low nutrient conditions until they encounter another opportunity to colonize a host. We hypothesized that because V. fischeri regularly encounter cycles of feast and famine in nature, they would exhibit the growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenotype. We found that older V. fischeri cells exhibit a Class 2 GASP response in which old cells increase dramatically in frequency while the population of young V. fischeri cells remains almost constant during co-incubation.

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Silva, Ana Rita, Cláudia Sousa, Daniela Exner, Ruth Schwaiger, Maria Madalena Alves, Dmitri Y. Petrovykh, and Luciana Pereira. "pH-Induced Modulation of Vibrio fischeri Population Life Cycle." Chemosensors 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2021): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9100283.

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Commonly used as biological chemosensors in toxicity assays, Vibrio fischeri bacteria were systematically characterized using complementary physicochemical and biological techniques to elucidate the evolution of their properties under varying environmental conditions. Changing the pH above or below the optimal pH 7 was used to model the long-term stress that would be experienced by V. fischeri in environmental toxicology assays. The spectral shape of bioluminescence and cell-surface charge during the exponential growth phase were largely unaffected by pH changes. The pH-induced modulation of V. fischeri growth, monitored via the optical density (OD), was moderate. In contrast, the concomitant changes in the time-profiles of their bioluminescence, which is used as the readout in assays, were more significant. Imaging at discrete timepoints by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and helium-ion microscopy (HIM) revealed that mature V. fischeri cells maintained a rod-shaped morphology with the average length of 2.2 ± 1 µm and diameter of 0.6 ± 0.1 µm. Detailed morphological analysis revealed subpopulations of rods having aspect ratios significantly larger than those of average individuals, suggesting the use of such elongated rods as an indicator of the multigenerational environmental stress. The observed modulation of bioluminescence and morphology supports the suitability of V. fischeri as biological chemosensors for both rapid and long-term assays, including under environmental conditions that can modify the physicochemical properties of novel anthropogenic pollutants, such as nanomaterials and especially stimulus-responsive nanomaterials.

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Wolfe, Alan J., Deborah S. Millikan, Joy M. Campbell, and Karen L. Visick. "Vibrio fischeri σ54 Controls Motility, Biofilm Formation, Luminescence, and Colonization." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2520-2524.2004.

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ABSTRACT In this study, we demonstrated that the putative Vibrio fischeri rpoN gene, which encodes σ54, controls flagellar biogenesis, biofilm development, and bioluminescence. We also show that rpoN plays a requisite role initiating the symbiotic association of V. fischeri with juveniles of the squid Euprymna scolopes.

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Pipes, Brian L., and Michele K. Nishiguchi. "Nocturnal Acidification: A Coordinating Cue in the Euprymna scolopes–Vibrio fischeri Symbiosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 3743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073743.

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The Vibrio fischeri–Euprymna scolopes symbiosis has become a powerful model for the study of specificity, initiation, and maintenance between beneficial bacteria and their eukaryotic partner. In this invertebrate model system, the bacterial symbionts are acquired every generation from the surrounding seawater by newly hatched squid. These symbionts colonize a specialized internal structure called the light organ, which they inhabit for the remainder of the host’s lifetime. The V. fischeri population grows and ebbs following a diel cycle, with high cell densities at night producing bioluminescence that helps the host avoid predation during its nocturnal activities. Rhythmic timing of the growth of the symbionts and their production of bioluminescence only at night is critical for maintaining the symbiosis. V. fischeri symbionts detect their population densities through a behavior termed quorum-sensing, where they secrete and detect concentrations of autoinducer molecules at high cell density when nocturnal production of bioluminescence begins. In this review, we discuss events that lead up to the nocturnal acidification of the light organ and the cues used for pre-adaptive behaviors that both host and symbiont have evolved. This host–bacterium cross talk is used to coordinate networks of regulatory signals (such as quorum-sensing and bioluminescence) that eventually provide a unique yet stable environment for V. fischeri to thrive and be maintained throughout its life history as a successful partner in this dynamic symbiosis.

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Halmi, Mohd Izuan Effendi, R. K. I. Phang, W. L. W. Johari, and M. Y. Shukor. "Toxicity Assessment of Bioluminescent Rapid Bioassays (Vibrio fischeri) on Selected DBPs." Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jemat.v2i2.169.

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For the past 30 years more than 600 different disinfection by-products (DBPs) have been reported with many unknown ones yet to be discovered. Bioluminescence rapid toxicity tests are suitable toxicity screening for DBPs that caused adverse health effects. Previously, IC50 study on specific DBPs have not been conducted. This study aims to characteristically identify the sensitivity of bioluminescent rapid bioassays on selected DBPs (chloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid and iodoacetic acid) by measuring IC50 of Vibrio fischeri on these compounds. IC50 are determined through luminescence that was measured using a Beckman Counter DTX 800 multimode detector. The 30-minute IC50 of selected DBPs are as followed: CAA (865.4 mg/L), TCAA (1119 mg/L), BAA (59.67 mg/L) and IAA (15.6 mg/L). It was found that Bioluminescent Rapid Bioassays based on Vibrio fischeri showed promising sensitivity on the selected DBPs and are suitable as a screening tools for DBPs.

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Slock, James. "Transformation Experiment Using Bioluminescence Genes of Vibrio fischeri." American Biology Teacher 57, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4449975.

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Miyashiro, Tim, and Edward G. Ruby. "Shedding light on bioluminescence regulation in Vibrio fischeri." Molecular Microbiology 84, no. 5 (May 2, 2012): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08065.x.

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Colovic, Mirjana, Danijela Krstic, Vesna Vasic, Aleksandra Bondzic, Gordana Uscumlic, and Slobodan Petrovic. "Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes." Chemical Industry 67, no. 2 (2013): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120323060c.

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Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH) generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily oxidized by naturally present oxidants and UV light, forming more toxic and stable oxons. Thus, oxidative degradation procedures, generally referred as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), have been applied for their efficient removal from contaminated waters. The most applied bioassays to monitor the organophosphate toxicity i.e. the detoxification degree during AOP are Vibrio fischeri and AChE bioassays. Vibrio fischeri toxicity test exploits bioluminescence as the measure of luciferase activity of this marine bacterium, whereas AChE bioassay is based on AChE activity inhibition. Both bioanalytical techniques are rapid (several minutes), simple, sensitive and reproducible. Vibrio fischeri test seems to be a versatile indicator of toxic compounds generated in AOP for organophosphorus insecticides degradation. However, detection of neurotoxic AChE inhibitors, which can be formed in AOP of some organophosphates, requires AChE bioassays. Therefore, AChE toxicity test is more appropriate for monitoring the degradation processes of thio organophosphates, because more toxic oxo organophosphates might be formed and overlooked by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition. In addition, during organophosphates removal by AOP, compounds with strong genotoxic potential may be formed, which cannot be detected by standard toxicity tests. For this reason, determination of incidence of micronuclei and cell proliferation index in cultivated human lymphocytes and fibroblasts is suitable for evaluation of organophosphorus insecticides and their break down products inducing cytogenetic damage.

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Hussa, Elizabeth A., Therese M. O'Shea, Cynthia L. Darnell, Edward G. Ruby, and Karen L. Visick. "Two-Component Response Regulators of Vibrio fischeri: Identification, Mutagenesis, and Characterization." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 16 (June 22, 2007): 5825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00242-07.

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ABSTRACT Two-component signal transduction systems are utilized by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to sense and respond to environmental stimuli, both to maintain homeostasis and to rapidly adapt to changing conditions. Studies have begun to emerge that utilize a large-scale mutagenesis approach to analyzing these systems in prokaryotic organisms. Due to the recent availability of its genome sequence, such a global approach is now possible for the marine bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which exists either in a free-living state or as a mutualistic symbiont within a host organism such as the Hawaiian squid species Euprymna scolopes. In this work, we identified 40 putative two-component response regulators encoded within the V. fischeri genome. Based on the type of effector domain present, we classified six as NarL type, 13 as OmpR type, and six as NtrC type; the remaining 15 lacked a predicted DNA-binding domain. We subsequently mutated 35 of these genes via a vector integration approach and analyzed the resulting mutants for roles in bioluminescence, motility, and competitive colonization of squid. Through these assays, we identified three novel regulators of V. fischeri luminescence and seven regulators that altered motility. Furthermore, we found 11 regulators with a previously undescribed effect on competitive colonization of the host squid. Interestingly, five of the newly characterized regulators each affected two or more of the phenotypes examined, strongly suggesting interconnectivity among systems. This work represents the first large-scale mutagenesis of a class of genes in V. fischeri using a genomic approach and emphasizes the importance of two-component signal transduction in bacterium-host interactions.

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Abdallah A, Abdel-hamid, Ali Daher, Khalid Belghmi, Djolo Yigerta Da, and Mohamed Blaghen. "Detoxification Assessment of Inorganic Mercury by Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri." Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjet.2017.104.111.

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Abbas, Mazhar, Muhammad Adil, Syed Ehtisham-ul-Haque, Bushra Munir, Muhammad Yameen, Abdul Ghaffar, Ghulam Abbas Shar, M. Asif Tahir, and Munawar Iqbal. "Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay for ecotoxicity assessment: A review." Science of The Total Environment 626 (June 2018): 1295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.066.

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Yamagata, T., M. Ishii, M. Narita, G. C. Huang, and G. Endo. "Bio-affecting mercury detection using mercury resistance gene module fused with bioluminescence reporter genes." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0746.

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Bioluminescence sensor systems were developed for monitoring environmental mercury contamination. The biological mercury measurement sensor systems were constructed by DNA recombination technique. A bacterial mercury-resistant operon (mer operon) from Pseudomonas sp. K-6y4 and a bacterial bioluminescence operon (lux operon) from an ocean bacterium Vibrio fischeri were fused in a vector plasmid. The resulting recombinant plasmids were cloned in Escherichia coli cells. The bioluminescence sensor systems responded to mercury chloride of 0.1 nM to 100 nM. The mercury bioluminescence sensor developed in this study can be used for monitoring of the bio-affecting mercury instead of total mercury that is measured by conventional analytical equipment. The fundamental feature of the bioluminescence sensor system is attractive for use as a monitoring system for bio-affecting environmental mercury contamination.

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Cohen, Meagan Leah, Ekaterina Vadimovna Mashanova, Sveta Vivian Jagannathan, and William Soto. "Adaptation to pH stress by Vibrio fischeri can affect its symbiosis with the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes)." Microbiology 166, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000884.

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Many microorganisms engaged in host-microbe interactions pendulate between a free-living phase and a host-affiliated stage. How adaptation to stress during the free-living phase affects host-microbe associations is unclear and understudied. To explore this topic, the symbiosis between Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes) and the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri was leveraged for a microbial experimental evolution study. V. fischeri experienced adaptation to extreme pH while apart from the squid host. V. fischeri was serially passaged for 2000 generations to the lower and upper pH growth limits for this microorganism, which were pH 6.0 and 10.0, respectively. V. fischeri was also serially passaged for 2000 generations to vacillating pH 6.0 and 10.0. Evolution to pH stress both facilitated and impaired symbiosis. Microbial evolution to acid stress promoted squid colonization and increased bioluminescence for V. fischeri , while symbiont adaptation to alkaline stress diminished these two traits. Oscillatory selection to acid and alkaline stress also improved symbiosis for V. fischeri , but the facilitating effects were less than that provided by microbial adaptation to acid stress. In summary, microbial adaptation to harsh environments amid the free-living phase may impact the evolution of host-microbe interactions in ways that were not formerly considered.

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Karatani, Hajime, Susumu Yoshizawa, and Satoshi Hirayama. "Oxygen Triggering Reversible Modulation of Vibrio fischeri Strain Y1 Bioluminescence In Vivo¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 79, no. 1 (2004): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/0031-8655(2004)79<120:otrmov>2.0.co;2.

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Karatani, Hajime, Susumu Yoshizawa, and Satoshi Hirayama. "Oxygen Triggering Reversible Modulation of Vibrio fischeri Strain Y1 Bioluminescence In Vivo¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 79, no. 1 (January 2004): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb09866.x.

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Miyamoto, Carol M., Yi Hsing Lin, and Edward A. Meighen. "Control of bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri by the LuxO signal response regulator." Molecular Microbiology 36, no. 3 (January 18, 2002): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01875.x.

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Bose, Jeffrey L., Unmi Kim, Wojciech Bartkowski, Robert P. Gunsalus, Ashley M. Overley, Noreen L. Lyell, Karen L. Visick, and Eric V. Stabb. "Bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri is controlled by the redox-responsive regulator ArcA." Molecular Microbiology 65, no. 2 (July 2007): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05809.x.

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Visick, Karen L., Therese M. O'Shea, Adam H. Klein, Kati Geszvain, and Alan J. Wolfe. "The Sugar Phosphotransferase System of Vibrio fischeri Inhibits both Motility and Bioluminescence." Journal of Bacteriology 189, no. 6 (January 12, 2007): 2571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01761-06.

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ABSTRACTMagnesium-dependent induction ofVibrio fischeriflagellar (Mif) biogenesis depends upon two diguanylate cyclases, suggesting an inhibitory role for cyclic di-GMP. Here, we report that cells defective for the sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) exhibited a magnesium-independent phenotype similar to that of mutants of the Mif pathway. Unlike Mif mutants, PTS mutants also were hyperbioluminescent.

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Visick, Karen L., Jamie Foster, Judith Doino, Margaret McFall-Ngai, and Edward G. Ruby. "Vibrio fischeri lux Genes Play an Important Role in Colonization and Development of the Host Light Organ." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 16 (August 15, 2000): 4578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.16.4578-4586.2000.

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ABSTRACT The bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri and juveniles of the squid Euprymna scolopes specifically recognize and respond to one another during the formation of a persistent colonization within the host's nascent light-emitting organ. The resulting fully developed light organ contains brightly luminescing bacteria and has undergone a bacterium-induced program of tissue differentiation, one component of which is a swelling of the epithelial cells that line the symbiont-containing crypts. While the luminescence (lux) genes of symbiotic V. fischeri have been shown to be highly induced within the crypts, the role of these genes in the initiation and persistence of the symbiosis has not been rigorously examined. We have constructed and examined three mutants (luxA, luxI, andluxR), defective in either luciferase enzymatic or regulatory proteins. All three are unable to induce normal luminescence levels in the host and, 2 days after initiating the association, had a three- to fourfold defect in the extent of colonization. Surprisingly, these lux mutants also were unable to induce swelling in the crypt epithelial cells. Complementing, in trans, the defect in light emission restored both normal colonization capability and induction of swelling. We hypothesize that a diminished level of oxygen consumption by a luciferase-deficient symbiotic population is responsible for the reduced fitness of lux mutants in the light organ crypts. This study is the first to show that the capacity for bioluminescence is critical for normal cell-cell interactions between a bacterium and its animal host and presents the first examples of V. fischeri genes that affect normal host tissue development.

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Sun, Yan, Elijah D. LaSota, Andrew G. Cecere, Kyle B. LaPenna, Jessie Larios-Valencia, Michael S. Wollenberg, and Tim Miyashiro. "Intraspecific Competition Impacts Vibrio fischeri Strain Diversity during Initial Colonization of the Squid Light Organ." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 10 (March 25, 2016): 3082–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.04143-15.

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ABSTRACTAnimal development and physiology depend on beneficial interactions with microbial symbionts. In many cases, the microbial symbionts are horizontally transmitted among hosts, thereby making the acquisition of these microbes from the environment an important event within the life history of each host. The light organ symbiosis established between the Hawaiian squidEuprymna scolopesand the bioluminescent bacteriumVibrio fischeriis a model system for examining how hosts acquire horizontally transmitted microbial symbionts. Recent studies have revealed that the light organ of wild-caughtE. scolopessquid contains polyclonal populations ofV. fischeribacteria; however, the function and development of such strain diversity in the symbiosis are unknown. Here, we report our phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations of FQ-A001, which is aV. fischeristrain isolated directly from the light organ of anE. scolopesindividual. Relative to the type strain ES114, FQ-A001 exhibits similar growth in rich medium but displays increased bioluminescence and decreased motility in soft agar. FQ-A001 outcompetes ES114 in colonizing the crypt spaces of the light organs. Remarkably, we find that animals cocolonized with FQ-A001 and ES114 harbor singly colonized crypts, in contrast to the cocolonized crypts observed from competition experiments involving single genotypes. The results with our two-strain system suggest that strain diversity within the squid light organ is a consequence of diversity in the single-strain colonization of individual crypt spaces.IMPORTANCEThe developmental programs and overall physiologies of most animals depend on diverse microbial symbionts that are acquired from the environment. However, the basic principles underlying how microbes colonize their hosts remain poorly understood. Here, we report our findings of bacterial strain competition within the coevolved animal-microbe symbiosis composed of the Hawaiian squid and bioluminescent bacteriumVibrio fischeri. Using fluorescent proteins to differentially label two distinctV. fischeristrains, we find that the strains are unable to coexist in the same niche within the host. Our results suggest that strain competition for distinct colonization sites dictates the strain diversity associated with the host. Our study provides a platform for studying how strain diversity develops within a host.

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Ikeda, Shiro, Irena Kostova, Hideaki Sekine, and Yoshika Sekine. "Effect of Coal Fly Ash Leachate on the Bioluminescence Intensity of Vibrio fischeri." Coal Combustion and Gasification Products 8, no. 1 (2016): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4177/ccgp-d-16-00001.1.

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HERNANDO, M., O. MALATO, M. FARRE, A. FERNANDEZALBA, and D. BARCELO. "Application of ring study: Water toxicity determinations by bioluminescence assay with Vibrio fischeri." Talanta 69, no. 2 (April 15, 2006): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.09.039.

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Kremer, Natacha, Julia Schwartzman, René Augustin, Lawrence Zhou, Edward G. Ruby, Stéphane Hourdez, and Margaret J. McFall-Ngai. "The dual nature of haemocyanin in the establishment and persistence of the squid–vibrio symbiosis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1785 (June 22, 2014): 20140504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.0504.

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We identified and sequenced from the squid Euprymna scolopes two isoforms of haemocyanin that share the common structural/physiological characteristics of haemocyanin from a closely related cephalopod, Sepia officinalis , including a pronounced Bohr effect. We examined the potential roles for haemocyanin in the animal's symbiosis with the luminous bacterium Vibrio fischeri . Our data demonstrate that, as in other cephalopods, the haemocyanin is primarily synthesized in the gills. It transits through the general circulation into other tissues and is exported into crypt spaces that support the bacterial partner, which requires oxygen for its bioluminescence. We showed that the gradient of pH between the circulating haemolymph and the matrix of the crypt spaces in adult squid favours offloading of oxygen from the haemocyanin to the symbionts. Haemocyanin is also localized to the apical surfaces and associated mucus of a juvenile-specific epithelium on which the symbionts gather, and where their specificity is determined during the recruitment into the association. The haemocyanin has an antimicrobial activity, which may be involved in this enrichment of V. fischeri during symbiont initiation. Taken together, these data provide evidence that the haemocyanin plays a role in shaping two stages of the squid–vibrio partnership.

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IKEDA, Shiro, Masafumi OIKAWA, and Yoshika SEKINE. "Biomonitoring of indoor particulate contamination by detecting bioluminescence reduction of marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri." Indoor Environment 12, no. 2 (2009): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7879/siej.12.133.

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Dunn, Anne K., Deborah S. Millikan, Dawn M. Adin, Jeffrey L. Bose, and Eric V. Stabb. "New rfp- and pES213-Derived Tools for Analyzing Symbiotic Vibrio fischeri Reveal Patterns of Infection and lux Expression In Situ." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 1 (January 2006): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.72.1.802-810.2006.

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ABSTRACT Genetically altered or tagged Vibrio fischeri strains can be observed in association with their mutualistic host Euprymna scolopes, providing powerful experimental approaches for studying this symbiosis. Two limitations to such in situ analyses are the lack of suitably stable plasmids and the need for a fluorescent tag that can be used in tandem with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Vectors previously used in V. fischeri contain the p15A replication origin; however, we found that this replicon is not stable during growth in the host and is retained by fewer than 20% of symbionts within a day after infection. In contrast, derivatives of V. fischeri plasmid pES213 were retained by ∼99% of symbionts even 3 days after infection. We therefore constructed pES213-derived shuttle vectors with a variety of selectable and visual markers. To include a visual tag that can be used in conjunction with GFP, we compared seven variants of the DsRed2 red fluorescent protein (RFP): mRFP1, tdimer2(12), DsRed.T3, DsRed.T4, DsRed.M1, DsRed.T3_S4T, and DsRed.T3(DNT). The last variant was brightest, displaying >20-fold more fluorescence than DsRed2 in V. fischeri. RFP expression did not detectably affect the fitness of V. fischeri, and cells were readily visualized in combination with GFP-expressing cells in mixed infections. Interestingly, even when inocula were dense enough that most E. scolopes hatchlings were infected by two strains, there was little mixing of the strains in the light organ crypts. We also used constitutive RFP in combination with the luxICDABEG promoter driving expression of GFP to visualize the spatial and temporal induction of this bioluminescence operon during symbiotic infection. Our results demonstrate the utility of pES213-based vectors and RFP for in situ experimental approaches in studies of the V. fischeri-E. scolopes symbiosis.

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Vihodceva, Svetlana, Andris Šutka, Mariliis Sihtmäe, Merilin Rosenberg, Maarja Otsus, Imbi Kurvet, Krisjanis Smits, Liga Bikse, Anne Kahru, and Kaja Kasemets. "Antibacterial Activity of Positively and Negatively Charged Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio fischeri." Nanomaterials 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11030652.

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In the current study, the antibacterial activity of positively and negatively charged spherical hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) with primary size of 45 and 70 nm was evaluated against clinically relevant bacteria Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) as well as against naturally bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri (an ecotoxicological model organism). α-Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized using a simple green hydrothermal method and the surface charge was altered via citrate coating. To minimize the interference of testing environment with NP’s physic-chemical properties, E. coli and S. aureus were exposed to NPs in deionized water for 30 min and 24 h, covering concentrations from 1 to 1000 mg/L. The growth inhibition was evaluated following the postexposure colony-forming ability of bacteria on toxicant-free agar plates. The positively charged α-Fe2O3 at concentrations from 100 mg/L upwards showed inhibitory activity towards E. coli already after 30 min of contact. Extending the exposure to 24 h caused total inhibition of growth at 100 mg/L. Bactericidal activity of positively charged hematite NPs against S. aureus was not observed up to 1000 mg/L. Differently from positively charged hematite NPs, negatively charged citrate-coated α-Fe2O3 NPs did not exhibit any antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus even at 1000 mg/L. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometer analysis showed that bacteria were more tightly associated with positively charged α-Fe2O3 NPs than with negatively charged citrate-coated α-Fe2O3 NPs. Moreover, the observed associations were more evident in the case of E. coli than S. aureus, being coherent with the toxicity results. Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assays (exposure medium 2% NaCl) and colony forming ability on agar plates showed no (eco)toxicity of α-Fe2O3 (EC50 and MBC > 1000 mg/L).

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Ács, András, Árpád Ferincz, Anikó Kovács, Beatrix Jancsek-Turóczi, András Gelencsér, Gyula Kiss, and Nora Kováts. "Ecotoxicological characterisation of exhaust particulates from diesel-powered light-duty vehicles." Open Chemistry 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 1954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0326-0.

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AbstractDiesel exhaust is one of the major sources of fine and ultrafine particulate matter in urban air. Toxicity of diesel-powered engine emissions has been quite widely assessed, however, much less information is available on their ecotoxicity. In our study the kinetic version of the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay, based on the ISO 21338:2010 standard, was used to characterise the ecotoxicity of diesel-powered cars. The method is sensitive enough to test the ecotoxic effect of the emission of individual vehicles. In general, significant positive correlation was found between ecotoxicity (expressed as Toxic Unit /TU/values) and total carbon (TC) as well as between TU and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations.

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Kiss, Gyula, Mónika Gángó, Eszter Horváth, Bettina Eck-Varanka, Krisztina Labancz, and Nora Kováts. "Assessment of ecotoxicity of atmospheric humic-like substances using the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition bioassay." Atmospheric Environment 261 (September 2021): 118561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118561.

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Mortimer, M., K. Kasemets, M. Heinlaan, I. Kurvet, and A. Kahru. "High throughput kinetic Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay for study of toxic effects of nanoparticles." Toxicology in Vitro 22, no. 5 (August 2008): 1412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2008.02.011.

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Scheerer, Stefanie, Francisco Gomez, and David Lloyd. "Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri in continuous culture: Optimal conditions for stability and intensity of photoemission." Journal of Microbiological Methods 67, no. 2 (November 2006): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2006.04.010.

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Lyell, N. L., D. M. Colton, J. L. Bose, M. P. Tumen-Velasquez, J. H. Kimbrough, and E. V. Stabb. "Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein Regulates Pheromone-Mediated Bioluminescence at Multiple Levels in Vibrio fischeri ES114." Journal of Bacteriology 195, no. 22 (August 30, 2013): 5051–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00751-13.

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Teodorovic, Ivana, Ivana Planojevic, Petar Knezevic, Sonja Radak, and Irena Nemet. "Sensitivity of bacterial vs. acute Daphnia magna toxicity tests to metals." Open Life Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 482–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-009-0048-7.

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AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the sensitivity of two bacterial tests commonly used in metal toxicity screening — the Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test and the Pseudomonas putida growth inhibition test — in comparison to the standard acute Daphnia magna test, and to estimate applicability of the selected methods to the toxicity testing of environmental samples. The D. magna acute test proved to be more sensitive to cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) than the two bacterial assays, whereas P. putida seems to be the most sensitive species to lead (Pb). Manganese appears to be slightly toxic to D. magna and non-toxic to the two selected bacteria. This leads to the conclusion that even in regions with high background concentrations, manganese would not act as a confounding factor. Low sensitivity of V. fischeri to heavy metals questions its applicability as the first screening method in assessing various environmental samples. Therefore, it is not advisable to replace D. magna with bacterial species for metal screening tests. P. putida, V. fischeri and/or other bacterial tests should rather be applied in a complex battery of ecotoxicological tests, as their tolerance to heavy metals can unravel other potentially present toxic substances and mixtures, undetectable by metal-sensitive species.

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Piccardo, Manuela, Francesca Provenza, Eleonora Grazioli, Serena Anselmi, Antonio Terlizzi, and Monia Renzi. "Impacts of Plastic-Made Packaging on Marine Key Species: Effects Following Water Acidification and Ecological Implications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040432.

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This study evaluates the impacts of 16 different leachates of plastic-made packaging on marine species of different trophic levels (bacteria, algae, echinoderms). Standard ecotoxicological endpoints (inhibition of bioluminescence, inhibition of growth, embryo-toxicity) and alterations of ecologically significant parameters (i.e., echinoderms’ body-size) were measured following exposure under different pH water conditions: marine standard (pH 8.1) and two increasingly acidic conditions (pH 7.8 and 7.5) in order to evaluate possible variations induced by ocean acidification. The results obtained in this study evidence that the tested doses are not able to significantly affect bacteria (Vibrio fischeri) and algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum). On the contrary, Paracentrotus lividus larvae were significantly affected by several packaging types (13 out of 16) with meaningless differences between pH conditions.

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Dries, Jan, Wim De Schepper, Luc Geuens, and Ronny Blust. "Removal of ecotoxicity and COD from tank truck cleaning wastewater." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 10 (October 24, 2013): 2202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.477.

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Tank truck cleaning (TTC) activities generate highly complex wastewater. In a previous study, we found that a significant ecotoxic effect was still present in biologically treated TTC wastewater. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the removal of acute toxicity from TTC wastewater by a sequence of technologies routinely applied for industrial wastewater. Acute toxicity was assayed with the widely applied and standardized Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition test. During a 5-month period, raw wastewater was grab-sampled from a full-scale TTC company and treated by the different unit operations on a laboratory scale. Chemical pretreatment of the wastewater by coagulation with FeCl3 removed approx. 38% of the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and reduced the bioluminescence inhibition by 8%. Biological treatment with activated sludge subsequently removed another 77% of the remaining COD. This treatment step also reduced the bioluminescence inhibition but the removal efficiency varied strongly from 5 to 92% for the different samples. Powdered activated carbon almost completely removed the remaining COD and inhibition in all samples. The results suggest that conventional technologies did not suffice for complete removal of toxicity from TTC wastewater, and that advanced wastewater treatment technologies such as activated carbon are required for a satisfactory detoxification.

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Septer, Alecia N., Noreen L. Lyell, and Eric V. Stabb. "The Iron-Dependent Regulator Fur Controls Pheromone Signaling Systems and Luminescence in the Squid Symbiont Vibrio fischeri ES114." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 6 (January 11, 2013): 1826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03079-12.

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ABSTRACTBacteria often use pheromones to coordinate group behaviors in specific environments. While high cell density is required for pheromones to achieve stimulatory levels, environmental cues can also influence pheromone accumulation and signaling. For the squid symbiontVibrio fischeriES114, bioluminescence requires pheromone-mediated regulation, and this signaling is induced in the host to a greater extent than in culture, even at an equivalent cell density. Our goal is to better understand this environment-specific control over pheromone signaling and bioluminescence. Previous work withV. fischeriMJ1 showed that iron limitation induces luminescence, and we recently found that ES114 encounters a low-iron environment in its host. Here we show that ES114 induces luminescence at lower cell density and achieves brighter luminescence in low-iron media. This iron-dependent effect on luminescence required ferric uptake regulator (Fur), which we propose influences two pheromone signaling master regulators, LitR and LuxR. Genetic and bioinformatic analyses suggested that under low-iron conditions, Fur-mediated repression oflitRis relieved, enabling more LitR to perform its established role as an activator ofluxR. Interestingly, Fur may similarly control the LitR homolog SmcR ofVibrio vulnificus. These results reveal an intriguing regulatory link between low-iron conditions, which are often encountered in host tissues, and pheromone-dependent master regulators.

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Petushkov, V. N., B. G. Gibson, and J. Lee. "The Yellow Bioluminescence Bacterium, Vibrio fischeri Y1, Contains a Bioluminescence-Active Riboflavin Protein in Addition to the Yellow Fluorescence FMN Protein." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 211, no. 3 (June 1995): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1995.1880.

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Lyell, Noreen L., Anne K. Dunn, Jeffrey L. Bose, and Eric V. Stabb. "Bright Mutants of Vibrio fischeri ES114 Reveal Conditions and Regulators That Control Bioluminescence and Expression of the lux Operon." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 19 (August 6, 2010): 5103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00524-10.

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ABSTRACT Vibrio fischeri ES114, an isolate from the Euprymna scolopes light organ, produces little bioluminescence in culture but is ∼1,000-fold brighter when colonizing the host. Cell-density-dependent regulation alone cannot explain this phenomenon, because cells within colonies on solid medium are much dimmer than symbiotic cells despite their similar cell densities. To better understand this low luminescence in culture, we screened ∼20,000 mini-Tn5 mutants of ES114 for increased luminescence and identified 28 independent “luminescence-up” mutants with insertions in 14 loci. Mutations affecting the Pst phosphate uptake system led to the discovery that luminescence is upregulated under low-phosphate conditions by PhoB, and we also found that ainS, which encodes an autoinducer synthase, mediates repression of luminescence during growth on plates. Other novel luminescence-up mutants had insertions in acnB, topA, tfoY, phoQ, guaB, and two specific tRNA genes. Two loci, hns and lonA, were previously described as repressors of bioluminescence in transgenic Escherichia coli carrying the light-generating lux genes, and mutations in arcA and arcB were consistent with our report that Arc represses lux. Our results reveal a complex regulatory web governing luminescence and show how certain environmental conditions are integrated into regulation of the pheromone-dependent lux system.

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Kimbrough, John H., and Eric V. Stabb. "AntisocialluxOMutants Provide a Stationary-Phase Survival Advantage in Vibrio fischeri ES114." Journal of Bacteriology 198, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 673–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00807-15.

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ABSTRACTThe squid light organ symbiontVibrio fischericontrols bioluminescence using two acyl-homoserine lactone pheromone-signaling (PS) systems. The first of these systems to be activated during host colonization, AinS/AinR, produces and responds toN-octanoyl homoserine lactone (C8-AHL). We screened activity of a PainS-lacZtranscriptional reporter in a transposon mutant library and found three mutants with decreased reporter activity, low C8-AHL output, and other traits consistent with lowainSexpression. However, the transposon insertions were unrelated to these phenotypes, and genome resequencing revealed that each mutant had a distinct point mutation inluxO. In the wild type, LuxO is phosphorylated by LuxU and then activates transcription of the small RNA (sRNA) Qrr, which repressesainSindirectly by repressing its activator LitR. TheluxOmutants identified here encode LuxU-independent, constitutively active LuxO* proteins. The repeated appearance of theseluxOmutants suggested that they had some fitness advantage during construction and/or storage of the transposon mutant library, and we found thatluxO* mutants survived better and outcompeted the wild type in prolonged stationary-phase cultures. From such cultures we isolated additionalluxO* mutants. In all, we isolated LuxO* allelic variants with the mutations P41L, A91D, F94C, P98L, P98Q, V106A, V106G, T107R, V108G, R114P, L205F, H319R, H324R, and T335I. Based on the current model of theV. fischeriPS circuit,litRknockout mutants should resembleluxO* mutants; however,luxO* mutants outcompetedlitRmutants in prolonged culture and had much poorer host colonization competitiveness than is reported forlitRmutants, illustrating additional complexities in this regulatory circuit.IMPORTANCEOur results provide novel insight into the function of LuxO, which is a key component of pheromone signaling (PS) cascades in several members of theVibrionaceae. Our results also contribute to an increasingly appreciated aspect of bacterial behavior and evolution whereby mutants that do not respond to a signal from like cells have a selective advantage. In this case, although “antisocial” mutants locked in the PS signal-off mode can outcompete parents, their survival advantage does not require wild-type cells to exploit. Finally, this work strikes a note of caution for those conducting or interpreting experiments inV. fischeri, as it illustrates how pleiotropic mutants could easily and inadvertently be enriched in this bacterium during prolonged culturing.

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Dries, Jan, Dominique Daens, Luc Geuens, and Ronny Blust. "Evaluation of acute ecotoxicity removal from industrial wastewater using a battery of rapid bioassays." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 12 (November 15, 2014): 2056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.459.

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The present study compares conventional wastewater treatment technologies (coagulation–flocculation and activated sludge) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) treatment for the removal of acute ecotoxicity from wastewater generated by tank truck cleaning (TTC) processes. Ecotoxicity was assessed with a battery of four commercially available rapid biological toxicity testing systems, verified by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical coagulation–flocculation of raw TTC wastewater had no impact on the inhibition of the bioluminescence by Vibrio fischeri (BioTox assay). Subsequent biological treatment with activated sludge without PAC resulted in BioTox inhibition-free effluent (<10% inhibition). In contrast, activated sludge treatment without PAC produced an effluent that significantly inhibited (>50%) (i) the bioluminescence by Photobacterium leiognathi (ToxScreen³ test kit), (ii) the photosynthesis by the green algae Chlorella vulgaris (LuminoTox SAPS test kit), and (iii) the particle ingestion by the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus (Rapidtoxkit test kit). The lowest inhibition was measured after activated sludge treatment with the highest PAC dose (400 mg/L), demonstrating the effectiveness of PAC treatment for ecotoxicity removal from TTC wastewater. In conclusion, the combination of bioassays applied in the present study represents a promising test battery for rapid ecotoxicty assessment in wastewater treatment.

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Ben-Israel, Oren, Haggit Ben-Israel, and Shimon Ulitzur. "Identification and Quantification of Toxic Chemicals by Use of Escherichia coli Carryinglux Genes Fused to Stress Promoters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 4346–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.11.4346-4352.1998.

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ABSTRACT The luxCDABE bioluminescence genes of the Vibrio fischeri lux system have been used as a reporter system for different stress and regulatory promoters of Escherichia coli. Selected E. coli strains carryinglux genes fused to different promoters were exposed to various toxic chemicals, and the recorded luminescence was used for the characterization of the biologic signature of each compound. Analysis of these data with the aid of a proper algorithm allowed quantitative and qualitative assessment of toxic chemicals. Of the 25 tested chemicals, 23 were identified by this novel strategy in a 3-h procedure. This system can also be adapted for the identification of simple mixtures of toxic agents when the biologic signatures of the individual compounds are known. This biologic recognition strategy also provides a tool for evaluating the degree of similarity between the modes of action of different toxic agents.

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LAPPALAINEN, JUHA, SATU LOIKKANEN, MARIKA HAVANA, MATTI KARP, ANNA-MAIJA SJÖBERG, and GUN WIRTANEN. "Microbial Testing Methods for Detection of Residual Cleaning Agents and Disinfectants—Prevention of ATP Bioluminescence Measurement Errors in the Food Industry." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.2.210.

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The ATP luminescence measurement is based on the presence of an enzymatic reaction and may significantly be affected by cleaning agents and disinfectants. In addition, disinfectants can also reduce the activity of the luciferase enzyme and also act as ATP-releasing agents. The agents disrupt the cell walls but preserve ATP in measurable form, and therefore correlation with culture methods can be poor. Therefore, if a rapid method is used to detect ATP, a control must be used for reliable results. The possible effect of disinfectants can be eliminated with a rapid test to minimize sources of error. In the present study a microbiological residue testing method that is nonspecific for residues was developed. The effects of a total of 38 commercial cleaning agents and disinfectants of various types were assessed using two microbiological methods, the Vibrio fischeri photobacteria test and Micrococcus luteus inhibition zone technique. The results show that the V. fischeri photobacteria test is very sensitive. This test can therefore be used for testing cleaning agent residues on surfaces in very small amounts. A small study was also carried out in a food factory to show applicability in processing facilities. The study showed, that a need for this type of method exists in food processing.

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Tepavčević, Jovanka, Kaiti Yarrington, Brittany Fung, Xijin Lin, and Karen L. Visick. "sRNA chaperone Hfq controls bioluminescence and other phenotypes through Qrr1-dependent and -independent mechanisms in Vibrio fischeri." Gene 809 (January 2022): 146048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2021.146048.

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Petushkov, Valentin N., and John Lee. "Purification and Characterization of Flavoproteins and Cytochromes from the Yellow Bioluminescence Marine Bacterium Vibrio Fischeri Strain Y1." European Journal of Biochemistry 245, no. 3 (May 1997): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00790.x.

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Williams, Catrin F., Gilles M. Geroni, David Lloyd, Heungjae Choi, Nicholas Clark, Antoine Pirog, Jonathan Lees, and Adrian Porch. "Bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri: bacteria respond quickly and sensitively to pulsed microwave electric (but not magnetic) fields." Journal of Biomedical Optics 24, no. 05 (February 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051412.

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BRIGATI, JENNIFER R., STEVEN A. RIPP, COURTNEY M. JOHNSON, POLINA A. IAKOVA, PATRICIA JEGIER, and GARY S. SAYLER. "Bacteriophage-Based Bioluminescent Bioreporter for the Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 6 (June 1, 2007): 1386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.6.1386.

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The rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in food and water is vital for the prevention of foodborne illness. In this study, the lux reporter genes were used in a new bioassay that allows pathogen monitoring without multiple sample manipulations or the addition of exogenous substrate. A recombinant phage specific for Escherichia coli O157:H7 was constructed that, upon infection, catalyzes the synthesis of N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL). This phage PP01 derivative carries the luxI gene from Vibrio fischeri under the control of the phage promoter PL. OHHL produced by infected E. coli O157:H7 induces bioluminescence in bioreporter cells carrying the V. fischeri lux operon. The ability of phage PP01-luxI to detect several strains of E. coli O157:H7 was confirmed in a 96-well plate assay. In this assay, luxCDABE bioreporter cells capable of detecting OHHL were mixed with phage PP01-luxI and E. coli O157:H7, and luminescence was monitored. Reporter phages induced light in bioreporter cells within 1 h when exposed to 104 CFU/ml of E. coli O157:H7 and were able to detect 10 CFU/ml in pure culture with a preincubation step (total detection time, 4 h). The detection method was also applied to contaminated apple juice and was able to detect 104 CFU/ml of E. coli O157:H7 in 2 h after a 6-h preincubation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioluminescence Vibrio fischeri'

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