Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds

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Academic literature on the topic 'Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 13 June 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Echizen, Honami, Eita Sasaki, and Kenjiro Hanaoka. "Recent Advances in Detection, Isolation, and Imaging Techniques for Sulfane Sulfur-Containing Biomolecules." Biomolecules 11, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111553.

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Hydrogen sulfide and its oxidation products are involved in many biological processes, and sulfane sulfur compounds, which contain sulfur atoms bonded to other sulfur atom(s), as found in hydropersulfides (R-S-SH), polysulfides (R-S-Sn-S-R), hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn), etc., have attracted increasing interest. To characterize their physiological and pathophysiological roles, selective detection techniques are required. Classically, sulfane sulfur compounds can be detected by cyanolysis, involving nucleophilic attack by cyanide ion to cleave the sulfur–sulfur bonds. The generated thiocyanate reacts with ferric ion, and the resulting ferric thiocyanate complex can be easily detected by absorption spectroscopy. Recent exploration of the properties of sulfane sulfur compounds as both nucleophiles and electrophiles has led to the development of various chemical techniques for detection, isolation, and bioimaging of sulfane sulfur compounds in biological samples. These include tag-switch techniques, LC-MS/MS, Raman spectroscopy, and fluorescent probes. Herein, we present an overview of the techniques available for specific detection of sulfane sulfur species in biological contexts.
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Albelda Berenguer, Magdalena, Mathilde Monachon, Clémentine Jacquet, Pilar Junier, Céline Rémazeilles, Eleanor J. Schofield, and Edith Joseph. "Biological oxidation of sulfur compounds in artificially degraded wood." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 141 (July 2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2018.06.009.

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Abedinzadeh, Z. "Sulfur-centered reactive intermediates derived from the oxidation of sulfur compounds of biological interest." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y00-085.

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Sulphur compounds play a central role in the structure and activity of many vital systems. In the living cell, sulfur constitutes an essential part of the defense against oxidative damage and is transformed into a variety of sulfur free radical species. Many studies of the chemistry of sulfur-centered radicals using pulse radiolysis and photolysis techniques to detect and measure the kinetics of these radicals have been published and reviewed. This paper discusses the present state of research on the formation and reactivity of certain sulfur-centered radicals [RS·, RSS·, RS·+, (RSSR)·+] and their implications for biological systems.Key words: sulfur-centered radicals, thiylradicals, sulfur-centered radical cation, cation radicals.
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Fdz-Polanco, F., M. Fdz-Polanco, N. Fernández, M. A. Urueña, P. A. García, and S. Villaverde. "Combining the biological nitrogen and sulfur cycles in anaerobic conditions." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 8 (October 1, 2001): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0469.

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The biochemical processes involved in the anaerobic degradation of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur compounds can be represented by an oxidation-reduction or electron donor-acceptor scheme. The theoretic values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG0) calculated from thermodynamic data indicate the feasibility of the reactions. The interactions C-S and C-N are well known but there is a lack of information about the interaction N-S. The anaerobic transformation of nitrates using reduced sulfur compounds can be explained considering that nitrate acts as electron acceptor while reduced sulfur compounds are the electron donors. A new N-S interaction in anaerobic conditions (ORP = -425 mV) has been experimentally observed when treating industrial wastewater rich in organic nitrogen and sulfate. The mass balances of the different nitrogenous and sulfur compounds in the liquid and gas phases clearly indicated an uncommon evolution. An important percentage of the nitrogen entering the reactor as TKN was removed from the liquid phase appearing as N2 in the gas phase. Simultaneously, only part of the sulfate initially present in the influent appeared as sulfide in the effluent or as hydrogen sulfide in the gas. These experimental observations may suggest a new anaerobic N-S biological interaction involving simultaneous anaerobic ammonium oxidation and sulfate reduction, ammonium being the electron donor and sulfate the electron acceptor.
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Francioso, Antonio, Alessia Baseggio Conrado, Luciana Mosca, and Mario Fontana. "Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (September 29, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8294158.

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Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants’ organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
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Yuen, Pong Kau, and Cheng Man Diana Lau. "New approach for assigning mean oxidation number of carbons to organonitrogen and organosulfur compounds." Chemistry Teacher International 4, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cti-2021-0015.

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Abstract Organonitrogen and organosulfur compounds are abundant in the natural environment. To understand the biological redox pathways properly, it is important for learners to be able to count the oxidation number of organic carbons. However, the process of counting is not always easy. In addition, organonitrogen and organosulfur molecules are seldom studied. To compensate these problems, this paper explores the bond-dividing method, which can effectively determine the mean oxidation number of carbons of organonitrogen and organosulfur molecules. This method uses the cleavage of carbon-sulfur and carbon-nitrogen bonds to obtain the organic and inorganic fragments. The mean oxidation numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms can be calculated by the molecular formulas of their fragments. Furthermore, when comparing organosulfur or organonitrogen molecules in a redox conversion, the changes of the mean oxidation numbers of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms can be used as indicators to identify the redox positions and determine the number of transferred electrons.
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Dvořáková, M., I. Weingartová, J. Nevoral, D. Němeček, and T. Krejčová. "Garlic Sulfur Compounds Suppress Cancerogenesis and Oxidative Stress: a Review." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 46, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2015-0018.

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Abstract Garlic has long been considered a food with many health benefits. Several studies have confirmed that sulfur compounds are responsible for the positive effects of garlic on organisms. Garlic acts as an antioxidant by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing reactive oxygen species generation, and protecting proteins and lipids from oxidation. Garlic suppresses carcinogenesis through several mechanisms: (1) it reduces oxidative stress, and therefore, prevents damage to DNA; (2) it induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in cancer cells; and (3) it modifies gene expression through histon acetylation. The positive effects of garlic could be mediated by several mechanisms. It influences signalling pathways of gasotransmitters such as hydrogen sulfide. Garlic enhances hydrogen sulfide production both through its direct release and through an increase in activity of enzymes which produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide acts as a signalling molecule in various tissues and participates in the regulation of many physiological processes. We can presume that garlic, which is able to release hydrogen sulfide, exhibits effects similar to those of this gasotransmitter.
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Egbujor, Melford Chuka, Maria Petrosino, Karim Zuhra, and Luciano Saso. "The Role of Organosulfur Compounds as Nrf2 Activators and Their Antioxidant Effects." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 26, 2022): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071255.

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Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling has become a key pathway for cellular regulation against oxidative stress and inflammation, and therefore an attractive therapeutic target. Several organosulfur compounds are reportedly activators of the Nrf2 pathway. Organosulfur compounds constitute an important class of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry due to their ability to participate in biosynthesis, metabolism, cellular functions, and protection of cells from oxidative damage. Sulfur has distinctive chemical properties such as a large number of oxidation states and versatility of reactions that promote fundamental biological reactions and redox biochemistry. The presence of sulfur is responsible for the peculiar features of organosulfur compounds which have been utilized against oxidative stress-mediated diseases. Nrf2 activation being a key therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress is closely tied to sulfur-based chemistry since the ability of compounds to react with sulfhydryl (-SH) groups is a common property of Nrf2 inducers. Although some individual organosulfur compounds have been reported as Nrf2 activators, there are no papers with a collective analysis of these Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds which may help to broaden the knowledge of their therapeutic potentials and motivate further research. In line with this fact, for the first time, this review article provides collective and comprehensive information on Nrf2-activating organosulfur compounds and their therapeutic effects against oxidative stress, thereby enriching the chemical and pharmacological diversity of Nrf2 activators.
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Shiri, Lotfi, Arash Ghorbani-Choghamarani, and Mosstafa Kazemi. "S–S Bond Formation: Nanocatalysts in the Oxidative Coupling of Thiols." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 1 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16318.

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Compounds containing sulfur–sulfur bonds (often called disulfides or more specifically disulfanes) are arguably one of the most valuable functional groups in organic synthetic chemistry. They exist extensively in nature, in which they exhibit important biological activities. Furthermore, a diverse range of natural and synthetic disulfides have been discovered that have many applications as pharmaceutical and agriculture chemicals as well as synthetic intermediates. Since thiols are commercially accessible or easily synthesizable materials and their choice as starting materials is widely reported for the synthesis of organic sulfur compounds, unsurprisingly the oxidative coupling of thiols is the best and simplest route for the preparation of disulfides. In recent times, nanocatalysts have shown excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the oxidation of thiols to disulfides. Herein, we summarize the recently reported breakthroughs in the use of nanocatalysts for the oxidative coupling of thiols to their corresponding disulfides, with the goal of stimulating further progress in this field.
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Ardón-Muñoz, Luis G., and Jeanne L. Bolliger. "Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole Derivatives via C-H Bond Functionalization of Disulfide Intermediates." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051464.

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Many nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heterocyclic compounds exhibit biological activity. Among these heterocycles are benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles for which two main synthetic approaches exist. Here we report a new synthetic protocol that allows the preparation of these tricyclic compounds via the oxidation of a mercaptophenyl moiety to its corresponding disulfide. Subsequent C-H bond functionalization is thought to enable an intramolecular ring closure, thus forming the desired benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazole. This method combines a high functional group tolerance with short reaction times and good to excellent yields.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Sivaramakrishnan, Santhosh Gates Kent S. "Biologically relevant chemistry of sulfur heterocycles from redox regulation of PTP1B to the biological activity of s-deoxy leinamycin." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7107.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 2, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. Kent S. Gates, Dissertation Supervisor. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Peyre-Lavigne, Matthieu. "Transformations biologiques impliquées dans la dégradation des revêtements cimentaires en réseau d'assainissement : application à la définition d'un test de résistance à la biodétérioration." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0049.

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La fonction première des réseaux d’assainissement, en vue de la protection sanitaire des populations, est la collecte des eaux usées et leur acheminement vers les installations de traitement. Dans des conditions d’exploitations particulières conduisant à la production de sulfure d’hydrogène (H2S), des détériorations majeures des infrastructures en béton sont observées dans les phases aériennes de ces mêmes réseaux. En effet, des études ont montré qu’un environement H2S entrainait la sélection au contact des parois cimentaires de bactéries capables d’oxyder les composés soufrés réduits (bactéries sulfo-oxydantes), oxydation biologique conduisant à la production d’acide et de sulfate. Dans un contexte normatif « NF EN 598 » concernant les canalisations en fonte ductile et « NF EN 14647 » imposant la validation des revêtements utilisables dans de telles conditions par des tests uniquement chimiques peu représentatifs de la réalité, le LISBP en partenariat avec l’entreprise Saint-Gobain PAM, ont mené ce travail de thèse avec pour objectif industriel le dévelopment d’un test de biodétérioration des revêtements cimentaires. Pour répondre à cet objectif ce projet de recherche s’est articulé autour d’une analyse bibliographique des phénomènes participant à la biodétérioration des matériaux cimentaires en réseau d’assainissement et ce afin de proposer un dispositif expérimental modèle permettant, à l’échelle d’une section de canalisation industrielle, l’étude couplée des transformations biologiques et chimiques déterminant le devenir des revêtements cimentaires utilisés. Cette étude s’est alors appuyée sur un travail expérimental en laboratoire et le développement de models numériques, visant la sélection et la compréhension de bactéries sulfo-oxydantes productrices de l’acide biogéniques. Finalement 2 types de matériaux cimentaires ont été exposés et étudiés par une analyse près exposition des évolutions chimiques, minéralogiques et microstructurelles des revêtements testés. Ainsi un système modèle, définissant un dispositif expérimental (techniques analytiques associées) et les méthodes d’exploitation des mesures, a été proposé. Par cette approche, un nouveau protocole d’essai est proposé, participant à l’évaluation de la résistance des revêtements cimentaires utilisés en réseau d’assainissement face à des attaques d’acide biogénique. Ce protocole d’essais d’une durée de trois mois assurera à terme une aide à la décision dans la gestion des réseaux d’assainissement existants et la conception des réseaux futurs
The primary function of sewage networks, with a view to protecting public health, is to collect wastewater and convey it to wastewater treatment plant. Under specific operating conditions leading to the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), major deterioration of concrete infrastructures is observed in the gas phase of these same networks. Studies have shown that an H2S environment leads to the selection, in contact with cement walls, of bacteria enable oxidizing reduced sulfur compounds (sulfo-oxidizing bacteria), biological oxidation leading to the production of acid and sulfate. In the context of the "NF EN 598" standard for ductile cast iron pipes and the "NF EN 14647" standard requiring the validation of coatings that can be used in such conditions using purely chemical tests that are not very representative of reality, LISBP, in partnership with Saint-Gobain PAM, carried out this Phd work with the industrial objective of developing a biodeterioration test for cementitious materials.To meet this objective, this research project was based on a literature review of the phenomena involved in the biodeterioration of cementitious materials in wastewater networks, with a view to proposing a model experimental set-up for the coupled study, on the scale of an industrial pipe section, of the biological and chemical transformations determining the fate of the cementitious materials used. This study was based on experimental laboratory work and the development of numerical models, aimed at selecting and understanding biogenic acid-producing sulfo-oxidizing bacteria. Finally, 2 types of cementitious materials were exposed and studied afer exposure by analysis of the chemical, mineralogical and microstructural evolutions of the tested materials. In this way, a model system was proposed, defining an experimental set-up (associated analytical techniques) and methods for exploiting the measurements. With this approach, a new test protocol is proposed, helping to assess the resistance of cementitious coatings used in sewer networks to biogenic acid attack. This three-month test protocol will ultimately provide a decision-making aid for the management of existing wastewater networks and the design of future networks
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Ramoutar, Ria R. "Understanding the antioxidant mechanism of inorganic selenium, oxo-sulfur, and polyphenol compounds, and the biological implications of functionalized nanoparticles." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1252937986/.

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Wu, Ching-yi, and 吳靜怡. "Biological and chemical oxidation of gas-borne odorous sulfur-containing compounds." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c74rgs.

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碩士
國立中山大學
環境工程研究所
97
Sulfur-containing organic solvents or carbon disulfide have been used extensively in semiconductor, TFT-LCD, and synthetic fiber (viscous rayon) industries in the last decades. These compounds can easily be converted into reduced-sulfur ones which exhibit low odor threshold characteristics and arise public complaints once releasing into environments. This paper intended to oxide these compounds by both chemical and biological approaches for the purpose of odor reduction. The first topic was investigations on the oxidation of aqueous DMS (dimethyl sulfide) by using sodium hypochlorite as an oxidant. Results indicated that with an initial DMS concentration of 100 mg/L, it required only 0.75 min or 45 s to convert the DMS completely into its final oxidation product, DMSO2 (dimethyl sulfur dioxide). The required dosage of the oxidant was a little less than the theoretical value. In addition, it was found that initial pH of the batch reaction liquid be kept at around 8.2 for achieving a neutral final solution which emitted only a trace of gaseous chlorine and hydrochloric acid odors. The second one was a trail investigation on the biodegradation of gas-borne hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide by a trickling-bed biofilter packed solely with fern chips. Glucose and milk powder were used as main nutrients for microbial film development and enhancer for the biodegradation of sulfides. Results indicated that after an acclimation period of around two months, approximately 99 and 86% of the influent hydrogen sulfide (10-20 ppm) and carbon disulfide (20-60 ppm), respectively, could be removed with an empty bed retention time of around 63 s for the gas in the packed bed. Both neutral or acidic environments were suitable for the biodegradation reaction and the metabolites (mainly, sulfuric acid) could easily be removed from the chips by washing them with water. In the future, efforts should be done to increase the removal capacity of carbon disulfide.
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Books on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Steve, Mitchell, ed. Biological interactions of sulfur compounds. London, UK: Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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1942-, Stiefel Edward I., Matsumoto Kazuko 1949-, and International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (1995 : Honolulu, Hawaii), eds. Transition metal sulfur chemistry: Biological and industrial significance. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996.

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Jürgen, Jacob. Sulfur analogues of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (thiaarenes): Environmental occurrence, chemical and biological properties. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Cassarini, Chiara. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane Coupled to the Reduction of Different Sulfur Compounds As Electron Acceptors in Bioreactors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane Coupled to the Reduction of Different Sulfur Compounds As Electron Acceptors in Bioreactors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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Cassarini, Chiara. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane Coupled to the Reduction of Different Sulfur Compounds As Electron Acceptors in Bioreactors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Cassarini, Chiara. Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane Coupled to the Reduction of Different Sulfur Compounds As Electron Acceptors in Bioreactors. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Mitchell, Stephen C. Biological Interactions of Sulfur Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 1996.

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Mitchell, Stephen C. Biological Interactions of Sulfur Compounds. Taylor & Francis Group, 1996.

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Mitchell, Steve. Biological Interactions of Sulfur Compounds. Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Malin, G. "The Role of DMSP and DMS in the Global Sulfur Cycle and Climate Regulation." In Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMSP and Related Sulfonium Compounds, 177–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0377-0_16.

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Kodera, Yukihiro, Hiromichi Matsuura, Hiromichi Sumiyoshi, and Shin-ichiro Sumi. "Garlic Chemistry: Chemical and Biological Properties of Sulfur-Containing Compounds Derived from Garlic." In ACS Symposium Series, 346–57. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0851.ch030.

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Francioso, Antonio, Sergio Fanelli, Daniele Vigli, Laura Ricceri, Rosaria A. Cavallaro, Alessia Baseggio Conrado, Mario Fontana, Maria D’Erme, and Luciana Mosca. "HPLC Determination of Bioactive Sulfur Compounds, Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines in Biological Specimens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 535–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_42.

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Francioso, Antonio, Sergio Fanelli, Daniele Vigli, Laura Ricceri, Rosaria A. Cavallaro, Alessia Baseggio Conrado, Mario Fontana, Maria D’Erme, and Luciana Mosca. "Erratum to: HPLC Determination of Bioactive Sulfur Compounds, Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines in Biological Specimens." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, E1. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1079-2_97.

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Munguia, Teresita, Francisco Cervantes-Lee, László Párkányi, and Keith H. Pannell. "Organotin-Sulfur Intramolecular Interactions: An Overview of Current and Past Compounds and the Biological Implications of Sn---S Interactions." In ACS Symposium Series, 422–35. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0917.ch030.

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Skurlatov, Yuri Ivanovich, Elena Valentinovna Shtamm, Sergey Olegovich Travin, Vyacheslav Olegovich Shvydkiy, and Lyudmila Vasilevna Semenyak. "Role of Oxidation-Reduction Processes in Formation of Toxic Properties of Natural Aqueous Environment." In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 149–63. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch007.

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Redox processes involving hydrogen peroxide, as oxidizing agent, and compounds of sulfur as carrier of reducing equivalents form the quality of natural waters. The inflow of reductants interacting with H2O2 can lead to a toxic quasi-reductive state. Dynamic change of redox in a natural aqueous medium is pernicious for organisms with intensive water-exchange, such as larvae of fishes, despite the concentration of dissolved oxygen being normal. Favorable conditions for “flowering” of emerging toxins blue-green alga are formed. In reductive state, copper ions become biologically unavailable. Sewage after biological cleaning are the main anthropogenic source of the reductants, mainly hydrosulphide. The natural sources of reductants are blue-green alga and the bottom sediments. The ions of Cu(I) and Fe(II) form high-strength 1:1 complexes with reduced sulfur compounds that are stable to O2 but efficiently react with H2O2. The increased content of manganese can form mixed-valence manganese species Mn(III,IV) giving super-oxidizing state of the aquatic environment, which is also toxic.
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García-Ruano, J. L., M. B. Cid, A. M. Martín-Castro, and J. Alemán. "Biological Oxidations." In Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-039-00995.

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S. Alharbi, Abdulrahman, Abeer N. Al-Romaizan, and Reda M. Abdel-Rahman. "A Review on Synthesis, Chemistry, and Medicinal Properties of Benzothiazines and their Related Scaffolds." In Advances in Organic Synthesis, 291–336. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815040524122170008.

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Background: Sulfur and nitrogen heterocyclic systems, especially benzothiazine derivatives, play a vital role in the search for newer drugs due to a significant scientific interest owing to their broad range of synthetic values, various routes, and pharmacological properties. It is known that benzothiazines are divided into five units: 1,2-, 2,1-, 1,3-, 3,1-, and 1,4-benzothiazines. Incorporating two moieties (benzo and thiazine) increases the biological activity of both, and thus their values synthesize new heteropolycyclic systems. Considering their diverse roles in the biological area and synthesis chemistry, huge effects have been found in developing novel and efficient methodologies to synthesize various benzothiazine moieties with different substitutions. Methods: The present chapter comprises an inclusive vision of new and straightforward synthetic strategies to afford benzothiazine and related systems. This chapter covers various reactions for synthesizing benzothiazines, such as alkylation, acylation, aroylation, halogenation, elimination, rearrangement, ring enlargement, reduction, and oxidation. Besides, it also includes other reactions, like cyclization, addition, condensation, cyclocondensation, metal/acid-catalyzed, hydrolysis, aminolysis, hydrazinolysis, complexation, and enantio/regioselective. Moreover, many benzothiazines have been evaluated for their therapeutic activity. Result: The synthesis and chemical reactions of benzothiazines derivatives have been reported. The preparation approaches of some compounds have been found to involve many steps, and others one-pot, resulting in good to excellent yields. Also, many synthesized compounds have shown medicinal properties, such as aldose reductase,anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, herbicidal, and anticarcinogenic, anti-tubercular, antianthelmintic, and antitumor probes. Conclusion: The chapter covers various methods to synthesize benzothiazines and their derivatives, thereby displaying their biological activities.
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"Sulfur—Sulfur Compounds." In Biological Interactions Of Sulfur Compounds, 155–83. CRC Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482272598-8.

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"Charged Sulfur Compounds." In Biological Interactions Of Sulfur Compounds, 190–235. CRC Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482272598-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Berechet, Mariana Daniela, Demetra Simion, Maria Stanca, Ciprian Chelaru, Cosmin-Andrei Alexe, and Maria Rapa. "The influence of alkaline extraction on some keratin hydrolysates properties." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.3.

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Keratin is a fibrous protein abundant in nature, being the component of wool, hair, hooves, horns, feathers, and claws. Keratin is one of the most valuable natural biopolymers due to its chemical versatility and biological performance. At the molecular level, keratin is distinguished from other biopolymers by its high concentration of cysteine-containing sulfur. Two keratin hydrolysate batches were obtained in alkaline medium, at a constant concentration of 8% NaOH and 75°C (KerNa875), 85°C (KerNa885), and 95°C (KerNa895), and at a fixed temperature of 99°C and different concentrations of NaOH, i.e. 3% (KerNa399), 5% (KerNa599), and 8% (KerNa899), respectively. Physical-chemical analyses showed that the protein content ranging between 83.60% for KerNa875 and 88.88% for KerNa399, while the total nitrogen was found 13.83% and 14.67% in the case of KerNa875 and KerNa399, respectively. Dynamic light scattering analysis showed that the particle sizes decreased with the increased concentration in the reaction medium. The average particle size was between 1352 nm and 1771 nm for the samples obtained at a temperature of 99°C and with lower values between 463.3 nm and 571.6 nm for the samples obtained with 8% NaOH. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra evidenced the specific bands of keratin-specific proteins and sulfur compounds. Experiments were also performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the growth of Tamino and Mirastar wheat plants by applying the treatments with 3% and 5% concentrations of KerNa899 on wheat seeds. These experiments showed an improvement in the wheat plant growth during 10 days of observation compared to control sample. The results recommend the potential use for keratin hydrolysates in the medical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics fields, and also as fertilizers in agriculture.
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Reports on the topic "Biological oxidations of sulfur compounds"

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Kanner, Joseph, Dennis Miller, Ido Bartov, John Kinsella, and Stella Harel. The Effect of Dietary Iron Level on Lipid Peroxidation of Muscle Food. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604282.bard.

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Biological oxidations are almost exclusively metal ion-promoted reactions and in ths respect iron, being the most abundant, is the commonly involved. The effect of dietary iron levels on pork, turkey and chick muscle lipid peroxidation and various other related compounds were evaluated. Crossbred feeder pigs were fed to market weight on corn-soy rations containing either 62, 131 or 209 ppm iron. After slaughter, the muscles were dissected, cooked and stored at 4°C. Heavily fortifying swine rations with iron (>200 ppm) increase nn-heme iron (NHI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and decrease a-tocopherol in cooked stored pork but did not increase warmed-over aroma (WOA). NHI and TBARS were higher in cooked pork from pigs fed high-iron diets. Liver iron correlated with muscle iron. TBARS were strongly related with WOA. The role of dietary vitamin E and ascorbic acid on Fe-induced in vivo lipid peroxidation in swine was also evaluated. Moderate elevation in iron stores had a marked effect on oxidative stress, especially as indicated by liver TBARS. Supplemental vitamin E, and to a lesser extent vitamin C, protect against this oxidative stress. Unsupplementation of Fe in the regular diet of turkeys did not affect body weight, blood hemoglobin level, or iron pool in the liver or muscle. The reason being that it contained "natural" ~120 mg Fe/kg feed, and this amount is high enough to keep constant the pool of iron in the body, liver or muscle tissues. Only Fe-supplementation with high amounts of Fe (500 ppm) significantly increased turkey blood hemoglobin and total iron in the liver, in 1 out of 3 experiments, but only slightly affects iron pool in the muscles. It seems that the liver accumulates very high concentations of iron and significantly regulates iron concentration in skeletal muscles. For this reason, it was very difficult to decrease muscle stability in turkeys through a diet containing high levels of Fe-supplementation. It was shown that the significant increase in the amount of iron (total and "free") in the muscle by injections with Fe-dextran accelerated its lipid peroxidation rate and decreased its a-tocopherol concentration. The level and metabolism of iron in the muscles affects the intensity of in vivo lipid peroxidation. This process was found to ifluence the turnover and accumulation of a-tocopherol in turkey and chick muscles. Treatments which could significantly decrease the amount and metabolism of iron pool in muscle tissues (or other organs) may affect the rate of lipid peroxidation and the turnover of a-tocopherol. Several defense enzymes were determined and found in the turkey muscle, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Glutathione peroxidase was more active in muscles with a high trend of lipid peroxidation, lmore so in drumsticks than in breast muscles, or muscles with a low a-tocopherol content. The activity of glutathione peroxidase increased several fold in muscle stored at 4°C. Our work demonstrated that it will be much more practical to increase the stability of muscle tissues in swine, turkeys and chickens during storage and processing by increasing the amount of vitamin E in the diet than by withdrawing iron supplementation.
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Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan, and Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.

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Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pads which are positioned directly over the fruits. This treatment is very effective but it has several drawbacks such as aftertaste, bleaching and hypersensitivity to humans which took it out of the GRAS list of compounds and warranted further seek for alternatives. Prior to this research ethanol was shown to control several pathogens in different commodities including table grapes and B. cinerea. Hence it seemed to be a simple and promising technology which could offer a true alternative for storage of table grapes. Further research was however required to answer some practical and theoretical questions which remained unanswered. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: In this research project we have shown convincingly that 30% ethanol is sufficient to prevent germination of B. cinerea and kill the spores. In a comparative study it was shown that Alternaria alternata is also rather sensitive but Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger are less sensitive to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol protected the grapes from decay but did not have a significant effect on occurrence of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species which are present on the surface of the berry. B. cinerea responded to ethanol or heat treatments by inducing sporulation and transient expression of the heat shock protein HSP104. Similar responses were not detected in grape berries. It was also shown that application of ethanol to berries did not induce subsequent resistance and actually the berries were slightly more susceptible to infection. The heat dose required to kill the spores was determined and it was proven that a combination of heat and ethanol allowed reduction of both the ethanol and heat dose. Ethanol and heat did not reduce the amount or appearance of the wax layers which are an essential component of the external protection of the berry. The ethanol and acetaldehyde content increased after treatment and during storage but the content was much lower than the natural ethanol content in other fruits. The efficacy of ethanol applied before harvest was similar to that of the biological control agent, Metschnikowia fructicola, Finally, the performance of ethanol could be improved synergistically by packaging the bunches in modified atmosphere films which prevent the accumulation of free water. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: It was shown that the major mode of action of ethanol is mediated by its lethal effect on fungal inoculum. Because ethanol acts mainly on the cell membranes, it was possible to enhance its effect by lowering the concentration and elevating the temperature of the treatment. Another important development was the continuous protection of the treated bunches by modified atmosphere that can solve the problem of secondary or internal infection. From the practical standpoint, a variety of means were offered to enhance the effect of the treatment and to offer a viable alternative to SO2 which could be instantly adopted by the industry with a special benefit to growers of organic grapes.
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