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Journal articles on the topic 'Biological optical systems'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Biological optical systems.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Fujimoto, J. G., C. A. Puliafito, R. Margolis, A. Oseroff, S. De Silvestri, and E. P. Ippen. "Femtosecond optical ranging in biological systems." Optics Letters 11, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.11.000150.

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2

Espina Palanco, Marta, Klaus Bo Mogensen, Nils H. Skovgaard Andersen, Kirstine Berg-SØrensen, Claus Hélix-Nielsen, and Katrin Kneipp. "Optical Biosensors to Explore Biological Systems." Biophysical Journal 110, no. 3 (February 2016): 638a—639a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.3417.

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3

Cho, Ukrae, and James K. Chen. "Lanthanide-Based Optical Probes of Biological Systems." Cell Chemical Biology 27, no. 8 (August 2020): 921–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.009.

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4

dos Santos, Diego Mendes, Marcella Cogo Muniz, Gustavo Gonçalves Dalkiranis, Fernando Costa Basílio, Adriano de Queiroz, Alexandre Marletta, Renata Cristina de Paula, Sydnei Magno da Silva, and Raigna Augusta da Silva Zadra Armond. "Raman optical activity applied to biological systems." Physica Medica 32 (September 2016): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.07.233.

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5

Goris, Toon, Daniel P. Langley, Paul R. Stoddart, and Blanca del Rosal. "Nanoscale optical voltage sensing in biological systems." Journal of Luminescence 230 (February 2021): 117719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2020.117719.

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6

Zhang, Shu, Lachlan J. Gibson, Alexander B. Stilgoe, Itia A. Favre-Bulle, Timo A. Nieminen, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. "Ultrasensitive rotating photonic probes for complex biological systems." Optica 4, no. 9 (September 12, 2017): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optica.4.001103.

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7

HAYDON, P. G., S. MARCHESE-RAGONA, T. A. BASARSKY, M. SZULCZEWSKI, and M. McCLOSKEY. "Near-field confocal optical spectroscopy (NCOS): subdiffraction optical resolution for biological systems." Journal of Microscopy 182, no. 3 (June 1996): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1996.tb04798.x.

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8

Andrew, Philippa-Kate, Martin Williams, and Ebubekir Avci. "Optical Micromachines for Biological Studies." Micromachines 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11020192.

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Optical tweezers have been used for biological studies since shortly after their inception. However, over the years research has suggested that the intense laser light used to create optical traps may damage the specimens being studied. This review aims to provide a brief overview of optical tweezers and the possible mechanisms for damage, and more importantly examines the role of optical micromachines as tools for biological studies. This review covers the achievements to date in the field of optical micromachines: improvements in the ability to produce micromachines, including multi-body microrobots; and design considerations for both optical microrobots and the optical trapping set-up used for controlling them are all discussed. The review focuses especially on the role of micromachines in biological research, and explores some of the potential that the technology has in this area.

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9

Balasubramanian, D. "In situ optical spectroscopy of some systems of biological interest." Bioscience Reports 8, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01117328.

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Monitoring the optical absorption or emission spectrum of a condensed phase sample offers information about the supramolecular assembly, packing effects and other features characteristic of the phase that would be missed when one studies solution-state spectra. We have used the technique of photoacoustic spectroscopy to study intact biological specimens, such as algae, parasite cells and the eye lens. Such a study has offered information about the status of endogenous hemin in Plasmodium cells and the mode of interaction of antimalarial drugs of the chloroquine class therein. We have also attempted to do in situ fluorescence spectroscopy on isolated intact eye lenses, which has enabled us to follow the photochemistry and the status of the photoproduct of the oxidation of the trp residues of the crystallins of the lens.

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10

Raugei, Simone, Francesco Luigi Gervasio, and Paolo Carloni. "DFT modeling of biological systems." physica status solidi (b) 243, no. 11 (September 2006): 2500–2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200642096.

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11

Diaspro, A., and P. Bianchini. "Optical nanoscopy." La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 43, no. 8 (August 2020): 385–455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40766-020-00008-1.

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Abstract This article deals with the developments of optical microscopy towards nanoscopy. Basic concepts of the methods implemented to obtain spatial super-resolution are described, along with concepts related to the study of biological systems at the molecular level. Fluorescence as a mechanism of contrast and spatial resolution will be the starting point to developing a multi-messenger optical microscope tunable down to the nanoscale in living systems. Moreover, the integration of optical nanoscopy with scanning probe microscopy and the charming possibility of using artificial intelligence approaches will be shortly outlined.

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12

Ou-Yang, H. Daniel, and Ming-Tzo Wei. "Complex Fluids: Probing Mechanical Properties of Biological Systems with Optical Tweezers." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 61, no. 1 (March 2010): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.012809.103454.

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13

Kozyreff, G., and M. Tlidi. "Nonvariational real Swift-Hohenberg equation for biological, chemical, and optical systems." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 17, no. 3 (September 2007): 037103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759436.

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14

Konyshev, Ilya, and Andrey Byvalov. "Model systems for optical trapping: the physical basis and biological applications." Biophysical Reviews 13, no. 4 (July 27, 2021): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12551-021-00823-8.

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15

Lambrou, George I., Anna Tagka, Athanasios Kotoulas, Argyro Chatziioannou, and George K. Matsopoulos. "Physical and Methodological Perspectives on the Optical Properties of Biological Samples: A Review." Photonics 8, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8120540.

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The optical properties of biological systems can be measured by imaging and microscopy methodologies. The use of X-rays, γ-radiation and electron microscopy provides information about the contents and functions of the systems. The need to develop imaging methods and analyses to measure these optical properties is increasing. On the other hand, biological samples are easily penetrated by a high-energy input, which has revolutionized the field of tissue optical properties and has now reached a point where light can be applied in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. To this end, developing methodologies would allow the in-depth study of optical properties of tissues. In the present work, we review the literature focusing on optical properties of biological systems and tissues. We have reviewed the literature for related articles on biological samples’ optical properties. We have reported on the theoretical concepts and the applications of Monte Carlo simulations in the studies of optical properties of biological samples. Optical properties of biological samples are of paramount importance for the understanding of biological samples as well as for their applications in disease diagnosis and therapy.

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16

Tsuboi, Masamichi. "Raman scattering anisotropy of biological systems." Journal of Biomedical Optics 7, no. 3 (2002): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1482720.

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17

Starkey, Tim, and Pete Vukusic. "Light manipulation principles in biological photonic systems." Nanophotonics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0015.

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AbstractThe science of light and colour manipulation continues to generate interest across a range of disciplines, from mainstream biology, across multiple physics-based fields, to optical engineering. Furthermore, the study of light production and manipulation is of significant value to a variety of industrial processes and commercial products. Among the several key methods by which colour is produced in the biological world, this review sets out to describe, in some detail, the specifics of the method involving photonics in animal and plant systems; namely, the mechanism commonly referred to as structural colour generation. Not only has this theme been a very rapidly growing area of physics-based interest, but also it is increasingly clear that the biological world is filled with highly evolved structural designs by which light and colour strongly influence behaviours and ecological functions.

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18

Lee, H., A. M. Purdon, and R. M. Westervelt. "Micromanipulation of Biological Systems with Microelectromagnets." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 40, no. 4 (July 2004): 2991–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2004.829179.

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19

Mouchet, Sébastien R., Stephen Luke, Luke T. McDonald, and Pete Vukusic. "Optical costs and benefits of disorder in biological photonic crystals." Faraday Discussions 223 (2020): 9–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fd00101e.

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We consider fault tolerance with respect to structural colour and disorder in biological photonics. Several systems have been examined to support discussion and enable optical modelling for a description of the optical costs and benefits of structural disorder.

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20

Lewis, T. J. "Coherent excitations in biological systems." Journal of Electrostatics 17, no. 2 (July 1985): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3886(85)90022-1.

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21

Somasundaram, Thayumanasamy, and Lee Makowski. "Optical cell for the study of biological systems under high gas pressures." Review of Scientific Instruments 66, no. 5 (May 1995): 3311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146497.

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22

Hu, Song, and Lihong V. Wang. "Optical-Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy: Auscultation of Biological Systems at the Cellular Level." Biophysical Journal 105, no. 4 (August 2013): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.017.

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23

Spagnolo, B., S. Spezia, L. Curcio, N. Pizzolato, A. Fiasconaro, D. Valenti, P. Lo Bue, E. Peri, and S. Colazza. "Noise effects in two different biological systems." European Physical Journal B 69, no. 1 (May 2009): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2009-00162-y.

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24

Vyalikh, A., R. Klingeler, S. Hampel, D. Haase, M. Ritschel, A. Leonhardt, E. Borowiak-Palen, et al. "A nanoscaled contactless thermometer for biological systems." physica status solidi (b) 244, no. 11 (November 2007): 4092–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.200776184.

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25

Nagy, Lana J., Scott MacRae, Geunyoung Yoon, Matthew Wyble, Jianhua Wang, Ian Cox, and Krystel R. Huxlin. "Photorefractive keratectomy in the cat eye: Biological and optical outcomes." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 33, no. 6 (June 2007): 1051–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2007.02.021.

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26

Kalyanaraman, B. "Thiyl radicals in biological systems: significant or trivial?" Biochemical Society Symposia 61 (November 1, 1995): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0610055.

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Thiyl radicals are formed from one-electron oxidation of thiols. Thiyl radicals participate in a number of reactions including electron transfer, hydrogen abstraction and addition reactions with several biological constituents and xenobiotics. Thiyl radicals can be detected by optical spectroscopy or by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Thiyl radicals appear to play a role in the nitrosylation of thiols and protein thiols. The exact mechanism of thiol-induced enhancement of oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein remains questionable. The proposed role of thiyl radicals in lipid peroxidation needs to be re-examined. It has been proposed that thiyl radicals are detoxified by superoxide dismutase in mammalian cells and by a thiol-specific enzyme in bacterial systems. We propose that thiols or protein thiols act as potent antioxidants in radical-induced damage via formation of thiyl radicals.

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27

Nedostup, Alexander Alekseevich, Alexey Olegovich Razhev, Evgeniy Ivanovich Khrustalyov, and Kseniia Andreevna Molchanova. "SUBSTANTIATING SCALES OF SIMILARITY OF OPTICAL QUANTITIES IN HYDROBIONT GROWING SYSTEMS." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2021, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2021-1-7-13.

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The article highlights the problems of physical modeling the elements of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and open aquaculture cages (OAC) for hydrobionts growing, in particular, the question of substantiating the rules of optical quantities similarity has been raised. Formulation of the problem is based on the assumption that using the computer vision which controls the behavioral reactions of hydrobionts to the growing conditions (e.g. light effect) will make the biotechnological process controllable in RAS and OAC and, as a result, more efficient. Evaluating the light effect on biological objects as to the depth of its penetration into the basins, the degree of its dispersion among the aquatic organisms and other characteristics can become an important element of computer vision. This fact will help to choose the optimal algorithm for the biotechnical process, for example, to calculate the daily feed portion and feeding periods, to define the optimal place for feeding, to determine the appropriate sorting time, the optimal stocking density, etc. There have been proposed the additional similarity scales for optical quantities, methods for their calculation and graphs of their dependences on the geometric scale Cl. However, one should know that achieving the complete similarity is absolutely impossible, no matter how large the list of similarity criteria is.

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28

Jahangir, Mohammed Asadullah, Sadaf Jamal Gilani, Abdul Muheem, Mohammed Jafar, Mohammed Aslam, Mohammed Tahir Ansari, and Mohammed Abul Barkat. "Quantum Dots: Next Generation of Smart Nano-Systems." Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology 7, no. 3 (August 6, 2019): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211738507666190429113906.

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Background: The amalgamation of biological sciences with nano stuff has significantly expedited the progress of biological strategies, greatly promoting practical applications in biomedical fields. Objective: With distinct optical attributes (e.g., robust photostability, restricted emission spectra, tunable broad excitation, and high quantum output), fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) have been feasibly functionalized with manageable interfaces and considerably utilized as a new class of optical probe in biological investigations. Method: In this review article, we structured the current advancements in the preparation methods and attributes of QDs. Furthermore, we extend an overview of the outstanding potential of QDs for biomedical research and radical approaches to drug delivery. Conclusion: Notably, the applications of QDs as smart next-generation nanosystems for neuroscience and pharmacokinetic studies have been explained. Moreover, recent interests in the potential toxicity of QDs are also apprised, ranging from cell investigations to animal studies.

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29

Chen, Chen, and Junsheng Wang. "Optical biosensors: an exhaustive and comprehensive review." Analyst 145, no. 5 (2020): 1605–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01998g.

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Optical biosensors have exhibited worthwhile performance in detecting biological systems and promoting significant advances in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, food process control, and environmental monitoring.

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30

Kolpakov, Alexander V., and Natalya P. Muravskaya. "Metrological Assurance of Infrared Transillumination of Biological Tissues." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2192, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2192/1/012009.

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Abstract The article is devoted to the urgent scientific and technical problem of developing metrological assurance for hardware and software infrared transillumination systems designed to visualize the internal structure of biological tissues in order to detect early stages, measure and control the dynamics of pathological processes. As part of solving this problem, at the Department of Biomedical Technical Systems of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University a set of measures that simulate the optical properties of biological tissues, containing local optical in homogeneities was developed. Experimental studies were carried out using the developed measures, as a result of which the possibility of visualizing the structural in homogeneities of biological tissues using the method of infrared transillumination was shown. The approved method for the manufacture of measures can be used to simulate the optical properties of biological tissues in the course of subsequent studies and further stages of the development of metrological assurance for hardware and software complexes of infrared transillumination.

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31

Listewnik, Paulina, and Adam Mazikowski. "Automatic system for optical parameters measurements of biological tissues." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.846.

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In this paper a system allowing execution of automatic measurements of the optical parameters of scattering materials in a efficient and accurate manner is proposed and described. The system is designed especially for measurements of biological tissues including phantoms, which closely imitate optical characteristics of a real tissue. The system has modular construction and is based on ISEL system, luminance and color meter and a computer with worked out dedicated software and user interface. Performed measurements of scattering distribution characteristics for selected materials revealed good accuracy, confirmed by comparative measurements using well-known reference characteristics. Full Text: PDF ReferencesWróbel, M. S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Kinnunen, M., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., & Tuchin, V. V. (2015). Measurements of fundamental properties of homogeneous tissue phantoms. Journal of Biomedical Optics CrossRef Wróbel, M. S., Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Galla, S., Piechowski, L., Sawczak, M., Popov, A. P., Cenian, A. (2015). Use of optical skin phantoms for preclinical evaluation of laser efficiency for skin lesion therapy. Journal of Biomedical Optics. CrossRef Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, M., Wróbel, M. S., Galla, S., Popov, A. P., Bykov, A. V., Tuchin, V. V., & Cenian, A. (2015). Investigation of photothermolysis therapy of human skin diseases using optical phantoms. In Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. CrossRef Brown A. M., et al.: Optical material characterization through BSDF measurement and analysis, Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 7792, 2010 CrossRef 4-Axis Controller: iMC-S8. Operating Instruction. ISEL Germany AG, 2012. DirectLink Konica Minolta, Inc. (2005-2013). Chroma meter CS-200. Datasheet. DirectLink Malacara D.: Color Vision and Colorimetry; Theory and Applications, SPIE Press, 2002. DirectLink A. Mazikowski, M. Trojanowski: Measurements of Spectral Spatial Distribution of Scattering Materials for Rear Projection Screens used in Virtual Reality Systems, Metrology and Measurement Systems, 20 (3), pp. 443 - 452, 2013 CrossRef

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32

Clarson, Stephen J. "A Personal Commentary on Biological and Bioactive Silicon Systems." Silicon 4, no. 1 (August 3, 2011): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12633-011-9096-5.

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33

Kim, Benjamin, and Michael Z. Lin. "Optobiology: optical control of biological processes via protein engineering." Biochemical Society Transactions 41, no. 5 (September 23, 2013): 1183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20130150.

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Enabling optical control over biological processes is a defining goal of the new field of optogenetics. Control of membrane voltage by natural rhodopsin family ion channels has found widespread acceptance in neuroscience, due to the fact that these natural proteins control membrane voltage without further engineering. In contrast, optical control of intracellular biological processes has been a fragmented effort, with various laboratories engineering light-responsive properties into proteins in different manners. In the present article, we review the various systems that have been developed for controlling protein functions with light based on vertebrate rhodopsins, plant photoregulatory proteins and, most recently, the photoswitchable fluorescent protein Dronpa. By allowing biology to be controlled with spatiotemporal specificity and tunable dynamics, light-controllable proteins will find applications in the understanding of cellular and organismal biology and in synthetic biology.

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34

Ben-Aryeh, Y. "Super-resolution measurements related to uncertainty relations in optical and biological fluorescence systems." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 131 (December 2013): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.04.008.

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35

Spurrier, Vaughn, Wenli Dai, Eric Gauchat, Devin Harrison, Evan Kiefl, Andrés Moya-Rodríguez, Amar Risbud, et al. "Spatially-Resolved Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement for Optical Interrogation of Electrically Dynamic Biological Systems." Biophysical Journal 112, no. 3 (February 2017): 454a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2433.

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36

Polat, Adem, Shabir Hassan, Isa Yildirim, Luis Eduardo Oliver, Maryam Mostafaei, Siddharth Kumar, Sushila Maharjan, et al. "A miniaturized optical tomography platform for volumetric imaging of engineered living systems." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 4 (2019): 550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc01190g.

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37

Guskos, N., K. Aidinis, G. J. Papadopoulos, J. Majszczyk, J. Typek, J. Rybicki, and M. Maryniak. "Photo-acoustic response of active biological systems." Optical Materials 30, no. 5 (January 2008): 814–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2007.02.004.

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38

Haskel, Malchiel, and Adrian Stern. "A Simplified Model for Optical Systems with Random Phase Screens." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 5811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175811.

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A first-order optical system with arbitrary multiple masks placed at arbitrary positions is the basic scheme of various optical systems. Generally, masks in optical systems have a non-shift invariant (SI) effect; thus, the individual effect of each mask on the output cannot be entirely separated. The goal of this paper is to develop a technique where complete separation might be achieved in the common case of random phase screens (RPSs) as masks. RPSs are commonly used to model light propagation through the atmosphere or through biological tissues. We demonstrate the utility of the technique on an optical system with multiple RPSs that model random scattering media.

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39

Wax, Terianna J., and Jing Zhao. "Optical features of hybrid molecular/biological-quantum dot systems governed by energy transfer processes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 22 (2019): 6512–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc00232d.

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40

Bayliss, S. L., L. R. Weiss, A. Mitioglu, K. Galkowski, Z. Yang, K. Yunusova, A. Surrente, et al. "Site-selective measurement of coupled spin pairs in an organic semiconductor." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 20 (May 2, 2018): 5077–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718868115.

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From organic electronics to biological systems, understanding the role of intermolecular interactions between spin pairs is a key challenge. Here we show how such pairs can be selectively addressed with combined spin and optical sensitivity. We demonstrate this for bound pairs of spin-triplet excitations formed by singlet fission, with direct applicability across a wide range of synthetic and biological systems. We show that the site sensitivity of exchange coupling allows distinct triplet pairs to be resonantly addressed at different magnetic fields, tuning them between optically bright singlet (S=0) and dark triplet quintet (S=1,2) configurations: This induces narrow holes in a broad optical emission spectrum, uncovering exchange-specific luminescence. Using fields up to 60 T, we identify three distinct triplet-pair sites, with exchange couplings varying over an order of magnitude (0.3–5 meV), each with its own luminescence spectrum, coexisting in a single material. Our results reveal how site selectivity can be achieved for organic spin pairs in a broad range of systems.

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41

Ignatenko, Dmitry N., Alexey V. Shkirin, Yakov P. Lobachevsky, and Sergey V. Gudkov. "Applications of Mueller Matrix Polarimetry to Biological and Agricultural Diagnostics: A Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 5258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105258.

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The review contains a systematization of the main approaches to the practical implementation of Mueller matrix polarimetry and the prospects for its application in biology and agriculture. The most typical optical layouts for measuring the Mueller matrix of various objects, such as disperse systems, tissues and surface structures, are discussed. Mueller matrix measurements, being integrated into standard schemes of conventional optical methods, such as scatterometry, optical coherence tomography, fluorimetry, spectrophotometry and reflectometry, can significantly expand their capabilities in the characterization of biological systems and bioorganic materials. Additionally, microwave Mueller matrix polarimetry can be used for monitoring soil conditions and crop growth. The proposed systematization is aimed at outlining the conceptual directions for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools based on measuring the Mueller matrix, primarily with a focus on biological research and agricultural practice.

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42

Zhang, Hu, and Kuo-Kang Liu. "Optical tweezers for single cells." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 24 (April 2008): 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0052.

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Optical tweezers (OT) have emerged as an essential tool for manipulating single biological cells and performing sophisticated biophysical/biomechanical characterizations. Distinct advantages of using tweezers for these characterizations include non-contact force for cell manipulation, force resolution as accurate as 100 aN and amiability to liquid medium environments. Their wide range of applications, such as transporting foreign materials into single cells, delivering cells to specific locations and sorting cells in microfluidic systems, are reviewed in this article. Recent developments of OT for nanomechanical characterization of various biological cells are discussed in terms of both their theoretical and experimental advancements. The future trends of employing OT in single cells, especially in stem cell delivery, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, are prospected. More importantly, current limitations and future challenges of OT for these new paradigms are also highlighted in this review.

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43

Choudhary, Dhawal, Alessandro Mossa, Milind Jadhav, and Ciro Cecconi. "Bio-Molecular Applications of Recent Developments in Optical Tweezers." Biomolecules 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9010023.

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In the past three decades, the ability to optically manipulate biomolecules has spurred a new era of medical and biophysical research. Optical tweezers (OT) have enabled experimenters to trap, sort, and probe cells, as well as discern the structural dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids at single molecule level. The steady improvement in OT’s resolving power has progressively pushed the envelope of their applications; there are, however, some inherent limitations that are prompting researchers to look for alternatives to the conventional techniques. To begin with, OT are restricted by their one-dimensional approach, which makes it difficult to conjure an exhaustive three-dimensional picture of biological systems. The high-intensity trapping laser can damage biological samples, a fact that restricts the feasibility of in vivo applications. Finally, direct manipulation of biological matter at nanometer scale remains a significant challenge for conventional OT. A significant amount of literature has been dedicated in the last 10 years to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Innovations in laser technology and advances in various other spheres of applied physics have been capitalized upon to evolve the next generation OT systems. In this review, we elucidate a few of these developments, with particular focus on their biological applications. The manipulation of nanoscopic objects has been achieved by means of plasmonic optical tweezers (POT), which utilize localized surface plasmons to generate optical traps with enhanced trapping potential, and photonic crystal optical tweezers (PhC OT), which attain the same goal by employing different photonic crystal geometries. Femtosecond optical tweezers (fs OT), constructed by replacing the continuous wave (cw) laser source with a femtosecond laser, promise to greatly reduce the damage to living samples. Finally, one way to transcend the one-dimensional nature of the data gained by OT is to couple them to the other large family of single molecule tools, i.e., fluorescence-based imaging techniques. We discuss the distinct advantages of the aforementioned techniques as well as the alternative experimental perspective they provide in comparison to conventional OT.

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Gourley, P. L. "MICROLASER-OPTICAL-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR BIOMEDICINE: A biological microcavity laser for cell structure analysis." Optics and Photonics News 8, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.8.4.000031.

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Giniger, Rina, and Menachem Gutman. "DYE LASER INTRACAVITY ABSORPTION AS AN OPTICAL PROBE IN CONDENSED PHASE AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS." Photochemistry and Photobiology 41, no. 4 (April 1985): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1985.tb03507.x.

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Li, Xiang, Chien Chern Cheah, Songyu Hu, and Dong Sun. "Dynamic trapping and manipulation of biological cells with optical tweezers." Automatica 49, no. 6 (June 2013): 1614–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.02.067.

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Favre-Bulle, Itia A., Alexander B. Stilgoe, Ethan K. Scott, and Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop. "Optical trapping in vivo: theory, practice, and applications." Nanophotonics 8, no. 6 (May 30, 2019): 1023–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0055.

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AbstractSince the time of their introduction, optical tweezers (OTs) have grown to be a powerful tool in the hands of biologists. OTs use highly focused laser light to guide, manipulate, or sort target objects, typically in the nanoscale to microscale range. OTs have been particularly useful in making quantitative measurements of forces acting in cellular systems; they can reach inside living cells and be used to study the mechanical properties of the fluids and structures that they contain. As all the measurements are conducted without physically contacting the system under study, they also avoid complications related to contamination and tissue damage. From the manipulation of fluorescent nanodiamonds to chromosomes, cells, and free-swimming bacteria, OTs have now been extended to challenging biological systems such as the vestibular system in zebrafish. Here, we will give an overview of OTs, the complications that arise in carrying out OTs in vivo, and specific OT methods that have been used to address a range of otherwise inaccessible biological questions.

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Paśko, Sławomir. "Optical 3D scanning methods in biological research – selected cases." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 20, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/asp.2021.20.1.01.

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Shape measurement by optical methods is more and more often used in research both in human and veterinary medicine. As a result of the measurement, a set with marker positions in space or a cloud of points representing a scanned surface is obtained. The collected data contains useful information, but to extract it, it is necessary to process the data using appropriate algorithms. The aim of this study was to present the algorithms that the author used to process data for the purposes of analyzes which results and conclusions were included in four articles published earlier. The algorithms concern the determination and identification of markers on the body when measuring the posture of soccer players and the analysis of the cloud of points for determining the angles describing the base and surface of the hoof bones in the polar coordinate system. The measurement systems in which data were collected are also described. Sample results obtained with the presented analysis methods are shown. For the first case these are given directional views of the markers determined in 3D space, while for the other two the result containing information about the calculated angles in the form of a table and a graph are presented. The presented data processing methods and algorithms are not only applicable to the cases on which they were tested. Directly or after a small modification, they can be applied in another area.

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Raman, Ritu, Caroline Cvetkovic, Sebastien G. M. Uzel, Randall J. Platt, Parijat Sengupta, Roger D. Kamm, and Rashid Bashir. "Optogenetic skeletal muscle-powered adaptive biological machines." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 13 (March 14, 2016): 3497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516139113.

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Complex biological systems sense, process, and respond to their surroundings in real time. The ability of such systems to adapt their behavioral response to suit a range of dynamic environmental signals motivates the use of biological materials for other engineering applications. As a step toward forward engineering biological machines (bio-bots) capable of nonnatural functional behaviors, we created a modular light-controlled skeletal muscle-powered bioactuator that can generate up to 300 µN (0.56 kPa) of active tension force in response to a noninvasive optical stimulus. When coupled to a 3D printed flexible bio-bot skeleton, these actuators drive directional locomotion (310 µm/s or 1.3 body lengths/min) and 2D rotational steering (2°/s) in a precisely targeted and controllable manner. The muscle actuators dynamically adapt to their surroundings by adjusting performance in response to “exercise” training stimuli. This demonstration sets the stage for developing multicellular bio-integrated machines and systems for a range of applications.

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Pettiwala, Aafrin M., and Prabhat K. Singh. "Optical Sensors for Detection of Amino Acids." Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 19 (May 30, 2018): 2272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171106161410.

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Background: Amino acids are crucially involved in a myriad of biological processes. Any aberrant changes in physiological level of amino acids often manifest in common metabolic disorders, serious neurological conditions and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, devising methods for detection of trace amounts of amino acids becomes highly elemental to their efficient clinical diagnosis. Recently, the domain of developing optical sensors for detection of amino acids has witnessed significant activity which is the focus of the current review article. Methods: We undertook a detailed search of the peer-reviewed literature that primarily deals with optical sensors for amino acids and focuses on the use of different type of materials as a sensing platform. Results: Ninety-five papers have been included in the review, majority of which deal with optical sensors. We attempt to systematically classify these contributions based on the applications of various chemical and biological scaffolds such as polymers, supramolecular assemblies, nanoparticles, DNA, heparin etc for the sensing of amino acids. This review identifies that supramolecular assemblies and nanomaterial continue to be commonly used platforms to devise sensors for amino acids followed by surfactant assemblies. Conclusion: The broad implications of amino acids in human health and diagnosis have stirred a lot of interest to develop optimized optical detection systems for amino acids in recent years, using different materials based on chemical and biological scaffolds. We have also attempted to highlight the merits and demerits of some of the noteworthy sensor systems to instigate further efforts for constructing amino acids sensor based on unconventional concepts.

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