Journal articles on the topic 'Biological mathematic'
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Šorgo, Andrej. "Connecting Biology and Mathematics: First Prepare the Teachers." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0014.
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Developing the connection between biology and mathematics is one of the most important ways to shift the paradigms of both established science disciplines. However, adding some mathematic content to biology or biology content to mathematics is not enough but must be accompanied by development of suitable pedagogical models. I propose a model of pedagogical mathematical biological content knowledge as a feasible starting point for connecting biology and mathematics in schools and universities. The process of connecting these disciplines should start as early as possible in the educational process, in order to produce prepared minds that will be able to combine both disciplines at graduate and postgraduate levels of study. Because teachers are a crucial factor in introducing innovations in education, the first step toward such a goal should be the education of prospective and practicing elementary and secondary school teachers.
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Sari, Putri Permata, and Zubaidah Amir MZ. "Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) Pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar." JURING (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning) 4, no. 3 (November 2, 2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/juring.v4i3.14024.
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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Rambah Samo, Kab. Rokan Hulu, Riau. Subjek penelitian ini adalah para ahli yang bersala dari dosen, guru dan siswa SMPN 2 Rambah Samo. Objek penelitian ini adalah LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME). Jenis data yang digunakan berupa data kuntitatif dan kualitatif. Berdasarkan uji validitas, LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) dinyatakan dalam kategori sangat valid dengan tingkat kevalidan 98,45%. Berdasarkan uji kepraktisan, LKS berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) dinyatakan kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase tingkat kepraktisan 97,08%. Berdasarkan hasil posttest diperoleh nilai sebesar 4,64 dan nilai pada taraf signifikan 5% sebesar 1,73 maka > atau 4,64 > 1,73. Sehingga diterima dan ditolak. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa LKS matematika berbasis Model Pembelajaran Realistic Mathematic Education (RME) yang telah dikembangkan ini memiliki dampak terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar
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XIE, FEI, PHILLIP C. Y. SHEU, ARTHUR LANDER, and VITTORIO CRISTINI. "SEMANTIC ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 03 (June 2005): 547–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002415.
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In general biologists are not accustomed to formulating biological problems in the precise mathematical terms that are required to solve the problems analytically or numerically. Although many computational tools for systems biology have been developed recently, our observations indicate that many of these tools are powerful only in the hands of those who know a lot about how to use them. For most biologists, the tools have a protracted learning curve and unfriendly user interface that often diminish their likelihood of being used. Our long-term goal is to build a knowledge system that allows biologists to synthesize complex biological systems via natural language interactions, and the system is able to generate the corresponding mathematical descriptions so that the often cumbersome communication process between biologists and mathematicians/engineers in formulating complex biological problems in mathematic terms can be performed more easily. To focus, the first goal in this research is to build a knowledge system prototype that focuses on transport related biological problems that occur from the cellular to tissue level. We address specifically two inter-related problems: (1) Provision of an intelligent system that is capable of automatically synthesizing smaller components into more complex systems; Provision of a user-friendly and natural language interface.
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Li, Xin Yu, Bing Liu, Si Ze Li, and Shu Sen Liu. "Numerical Simulations of Biological Droplet Transport in an Indoor Environment." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.862.
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In this paper, the biological droplet transport and deposition in the turbulent airflow inside an indoor environment was studied using the Lagrangian computational method. Meanwhile, as to the mathematic simulation, the Monte Carlo modeling method was coupled into this simulation program to describe the bio-particle transport. Many influent factors such as indoor airflow velocity, the bio-aerosol generator velocity, particle diameter, and evaporation and death were considered synthetically in this paper. Serratia marcescens was used as tracer microorganism to simulate the droplet nuclei exhaled by patients, and the spatial distribution of its concentration was measured. Collected bacteria were quantified using standard cultivating assays. It showed the simulation results were comparable with the data of the experimental findings.
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Zhang, Cheng, Ning Wang, Yu Xu, Hor‐Yue Tan, and Yibin Feng. "Identification of Key Contributive Compounds in a Herbal Medicine: A Novel Mathematic—Biological Evaluation Approach." Advanced Theory and Simulations 4, no. 6 (May 4, 2021): 2000279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adts.202000279.
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Wahyuni, Hanny Indrat, Retno Iswarin Pujaningsih, and Padwi Anwar Sayekti. "Kajian Nilai Energi Metabolis Biji Sorghum Melalui Teknologi Sangrai Pada Ayam Petelur Periode Afkir." Jurnal Agripet 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2008): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v8i1.605.
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Evaluation of metabolic energy value of roasted sorghum in culled laying chickens ABSTRACT. Tannin contained in sorghum can be reduced by using technology processing such as roasting. By using this way, husk of sorghum can be removed leading to decrease of tannin content which is reflected by the value of metabolism energy. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of roasted sorghum on metabolism energy of culled laying chickens. Measurement of metabolic energy as mathematic is used as comparison. The material used in his experiment was red sorghum, water, and 39 culled laying chickens. Equipment used in this experiment was balance, roasting tool, plastic, force feeding equipment, metabolism cages and bomb calori-meter. This experiment used completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications (each replication 3 chickens). Treatment consisted of T0 = no roasted sorghum, T1 = roasted for 5 minutes and T2 = roasted for 10 minutes. Data collected were metabolism energy of roasted sorghum both biologically (force feeding) and mathematically (proximate analysis) at culled laying chickens. All data were statistically calculated, further statistically was conducted by using Duncan and compression of metabolism energy was calculated by using t-Test. The results show that, no statistically effect (p0, 05) on duration of roasting on metabolism energy of sorghum. Based on t-Test analysis, there was a significantly difference (p0, 05) between biological metabolism and mathematical metabolism. From this experiment, it can be concluded that 10 minutes of roasting cannot increase of sorghum metabolic energy. The average of biological metabolic was lower (3105, 94 kcal/kg) compared to the average of mathematical metabolic energy (3766, 82 kcal/kg).
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Yu, Zhong Hai, Tian Chen, Di Shi Liu, and Jing Wang. "Study on the Optimized Cutting Parameters for the Nuclear Channel Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 3534–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.3534.
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As one of the key components of the nuclear power equipments, the nuclear channel head has a complicated shape and is difficult to be machined. In this paper, the optimal combination of cutting parameters of large-scale nuclear channel head is researched. Considering the machining requirements and machining conditions, the cutting parameters optimized mathematical model is established to achieve the goal of maximum production efficiency. Meanwhile, the target functions and the corresponding constraint functions are analyzed. Finally, by using genetic algorithm of simulating biological evolution, the mathematic models of cutting parameters of CNC machining are compared and optimized. Then the optimized results are compared with the cutting parameters obtained through the trial-producing experience and manual of a small-size channel head. We conclude that the optimized cutting parameters can greatly increase the CNC machining efficiency of Nuclear Channel Head.
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Hayya, Adieba Warda. "The Creative Thinking Skill of Biological Learning Students at Candi Baru High School." Journal Of Biology Education 4, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v4i2.10187.
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<p class="Default">The aim of this study was to describe the skill of students to think creatively about Biology at Candi Baru high school (HS). The study used a qualitative approach using a case study method. The population in this study was students of Candi Baru HS from the academic year 2016/2017. This research uses randomized cluster sampling. Samples were XI Mathematic and Science (MIA) 6, 7, and 8 classes. Data collected by observation and document collection, using a human instrument, an observation sheet and a categorization sheet. Data research included the quality of the student's; answers, works, and responses during the learning process. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by comparing the results of the research with information derived from literature or theory. The results showed that students' level of creative thinking skill is still low and the assessment provided by the teacher has not reached the students' creative thinking skill.</p>
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Liang, Xin Li, Dan Lv, Juan Luo, Xue Jing Guan, and Zheng Gen Liao. "Application Research of Lipid Microsphere Biological Carrier Material on Prescription of Tanshinone II a Lipid Microsphere by Central Composite Design-Response Surface Method." Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (July 2015): 834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.834.
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To optimize the prescription of tanshinone IIA lipid microspheres by central composite design method, and evaluate the quality. Through evaluating average particle size, stability constant and the encapsulation efficiency of the lipid microsphere to investigate the concentration of the egg yolk lecithin and the poloxamer and the percentage of Soybean oil in the total oil phase which may impact the properties of tanshinone IIA lipid microsphere. Building the mathematic relation between the index and factor by the binomial expression, according to the best mathematical model of the evaluation indicators to describe response surface and then to use response surface method to predict the best prescription which will be analysed. According to the prescription optimization to prepare tanshinone IIA lipid microsphere and evaluate its quality. The results showed that each index of the binomial equation fitting is good, the correlation coefficient of the average particle size, stability constant and the encapsulation efficiency are 0.97, 0.92 and 0.84 respectively. The optimized prescription is as follows: egg yolk lecithin1.38 g, F68 0.19 g, LCT 2 g, MCT 18 g, all the indexes of the optimized prescription are similar to the target values.
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Filipchuk, O. V., and O. M. Gurov. "PECULIARITIES OF APPLYING BALLISTIC GEL AS A SIMULATOR OF HUMAN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 15 (November 30, 2016): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2015.46.
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The study of a mechanism of gunshot wound formation is the main task of wound ballistics. The damaging effect of the wounding projectile (the regularities in the formation of a temporary pulsating cavity) can be studied the most effectively as part of an experiment on simulators whose physical properties (density, elasticity, the capacity to absorb energy) resemble the tissues of a living human. The article presents modern capacities of applying ballistic gel as the most representative biological simulator of a living human s tissues. The article suggests priority methods ofmaking blocks of gel, the conditions of conducting the experiment and mathematic processing of data from the perspective wounding ballistics. Due to the elastic properties of gel, the temporary pulsating cavity that emerges in the course of the wounding projectile in the same way as the living tissues collapse with the permanent wound tract. In order to evaluate the volume of the damaging effect of the wounding projectile there are used standard calculation methods: the fissure surface area (FSA), wound profile method (WPM), the total crack length method (TCL).
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Kumbár, Vojtěch, and Adam Polcar. "Flow behavior of petrol, bio-ethanol and their blends." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 6 (2012): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260060211.
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The objective of this article deals with the flow behavior of bio-ethanol, conventional petrol and their blends (E15, E85). The temperature dependence density and kinematic viscosity of the liquids have been measured. The densitometer Densito 30PX with the scale for measuring fuels has been used to the measuring temperature dependence of the density of fuels and their blends. The rotary viscometer Anton Paar DV-3P has been used to the measuring temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends. For all samples has determined that the temperature has increased the density and kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends has decreased. The range of temperature measurement has been from −10°C to 40°C. The mathematic models have been compiled (polynomial and exponential) according to the general shapes. The coefficients of determination R2 have achieved high values from 0.98 to 0.99 for temperature dependence of density of fuels and their blends and from 0.86 to 0.96 for temperature dependence of kinematic viscosity of fuels and their blends. The mathematical models could be used to the prediction flow behavior of petrol, bio-ethanol and their blends.
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ZHU, Y. J., F. XU, J. H. SU, H. ZHOU, and T. J. LU. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOOTH THERMAL PAIN: A REVIEW." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 04 (September 2011): 735–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004095.
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Tooth pain, especially tooth thermal pain, is one of the most important symptoms and signs in dental clinic and daily life. As a special sensation, pain has been studied extensively in both clinic and experimental research aimed at reducing or eliminating the possible negative effects of pain. Unfortunately, the full underlying mechanism of pain is still unclear, because the pain could be influenced by many factors, including physiological, psychological, physical, chemical, and biological factors and so on. Besides, most studies on pain mechanisms in the literature are based on skin pain sensation and only few are based on tooth pain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on both neurophysiology of tooth pain mechanism, and corresponding thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical behaviors of teeth. We also describe a multiscale modeling approach for quantifying tooth thermal pain by integrating the mathematic methods of engineering into the neuroscience. The mathematical model of tooth thermal pain will enable better understanding of thermal pain mechanism and optimization of existing diagnosis and treatment in dental clinic.
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Yuliani, Dewi, Lies Andriani, and Irma Fitri. "Pengaruh Penerapan Pendekatan RME (Realistic Mathematic Education) Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Berdasarkan Self Efficacy Siswa SMPN 18 Pekanbaru." JURING (Journal for Research in Mathematics Learning) 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/juring.v3i2.9386.
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Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya fakta di lapangan yang menunjukkan masih rendahnya kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang terdapat pada siswa SMPN18 Pekanbaru. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan pendekatan RME dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry, mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang memiliki self efficacy tinggi, sedang dan rendah, serta melihat ada tidaknya interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dengan self efficacy siswa terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain penelitian factorial experimental design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel yang diambil adalah kelas VIII.2 dan VIII.3 dengan menggunakan cluster random. Teknik pengumpulan data beserta instrumen penelitian adalah tes berupa soal posttest kemampuan komunikasi matematis, angket berupa lembar angket self efficacy, observasi berupa lembar observasi dan dokumentasi berupa foto dan profil sekolah. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah anova dua arah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa: 1) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan pendekatan RME dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran inquiry. 2) Terdapat perbedaan kemampuan komunikasi matematis pada siswa yang memiliki self efficacy tinggi, sedang dan rendah. 3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran dengan self efficacy terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa.
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Flores, Mario, Tzu-Hung Hsiao, Yu-Chiao Chiu, Eric Y. Chuang, Yufei Huang, and Yidong Chen. "Gene Regulation, Modulation, and Their Applications in Gene Expression Data Analysis." Advances in Bioinformatics 2013 (March 13, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/360678.
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Common microarray and next-generation sequencing data analysis concentrate on tumor subtype classification, marker detection, and transcriptional regulation discovery during biological processes by exploring the correlated gene expression patterns and their shared functions. Genetic regulatory network (GRN) based approaches have been employed in many large studies in order to scrutinize for dysregulation and potential treatment controls. In addition to gene regulation and network construction, the concept of the network modulator that has significant systemic impact has been proposed, and detection algorithms have been developed in past years. Here we provide a unified mathematic description of these methods, followed with a brief survey of these modulator identification algorithms. As an early attempt to extend the concept to new RNA regulation mechanism, competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), into a modulator framework, we provide two applications to illustrate the network construction, modulation effect, and the preliminary finding from these networks. Those methods we surveyed and developed are used to dissect the regulated network under different modulators. Not limit to these, the concept of “modulation” can adapt to various biological mechanisms to discover the novel gene regulation mechanisms.
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Arduini, Rodrigo Genaro, Simone Aparecida Capellini, and Sylvia Maria Ciasca. "Comparative study of the neuropsychological and neuroimaging evaluations in children with dyslexia." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 64, no. 2b (June 2006): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2006000300004.
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We analyzed retrospectively the neuroimaging exams of children with a confirmed diagnosis of dyslexia and correlated our findings with the evaluation of higher cortical functions. We studied 34 medical files of patients of the Ambulatory of Neuro-difficulties in Learning, FCM/UNICAMP. All of them had been sent to the ambulatory with primary or secondary complaints of difficulties at school and were submitted to neuropsychological evaluation and imaging exam (SPECT). From the children evaluated 58.8% had exams presenting dysfunction with 47% presenting hypoperfusion in the temporal lobe. As for the higher cortical functions, the most affected abilities were reading, writing and memory. There was significance between the hypoperfused areas and the variables schooling, reading, writing, memory and mathematic reasoning. The SPECTs showed hypoperfusion in areas involved in the reading and writing processes. Both are equivalent in terms of involved functional areas and are similar in children with or without specific dysfunctions in neuroimaging.
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Shishkina, L., A. Dubobik, M. Kozlov, A. Povkh, and V. Shvydkiy. "MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF THE WATER MEDIUM COMPONENTS ON THE BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS." Russian Journal of Biological Physics and Chemisrty 7, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/rusjbpc.2022.0499.
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Following four model systems on the base on the natural lipids to estimate the action of the water medium components on the biological objects were presented by using the earlier obtained data about the similarity functioning of the physicochemical regulatory system of the oxidation processes in the biological objects of varying complexity and the ability of phospholipids to the self-aggregation in the polar medium: the low temperature autoxidation of lecithin in the polar medium, the mathematic analysis of UV-spectra of lecithin and its mixtures with the water medium components by Gauss method, the self-aggregation of lecithin in the different polar medium, the ξ-potential value of the formed particles. As the model toxicants sodium thiophosphate and copper(II) ions were used. Scale of the sodium thiophosphate influence on the lecithin oxidation kinetics is shown to depend on the initial intensity of the lecithin oxidation and composition of its phospholipids. It is agree with the earlier obtained data about the influence of the chemical toxic agents under their intake into the body on the lipid peroxidation state in tissues of animals. In is established that the copper ions participate in the initiation of lecithin oxidation and form complex with its phospholipids. This influences on the ability of lecithin to the self-aggregation and electrophoretic properties of formed particles. Thus, the lipid component lability of the natural lipids allows us to reveal the action of components of the natural medium on the biological systems of various complexity even on the level of the complex biological model systems.
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Jaekel, Julia, Nicole Baumann, Peter Bartmann, and Dieter Wolke. "General cognitive but not mathematic abilities predict very preterm and healthy term born adults’ wealth." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 13, 2019): e0212789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212789.
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Liao, Liping, Xianguang Lin, Jielin Hu, Xin Wu, Xiaofei Yang, Wei Wang, and Chenhong Li. "Simulation and calculation of the contribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels to action potentials." Archives of Biological Sciences 68, no. 1 (2016): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs150416144l.
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The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel, which mediates the influx of cations, has an important role in action potential generation. In this article, we describe the contribution of the HCN channel to action potential generation. We simulated several common ion channels in neuron membranes based on data from rat dorsal root ganglion cells and modeled the action potential. The ion channel models employed in this paper were based on the Markov model. After modifying and calibrating these models, we compared the simulated action potential curves under the presence and absence of an HCN channel and calculated that the proportional contribution of the HCN channel in the potential recovery phase was 33.39%. This result indicates that the HCN channel is critical in assisting membrane potential recovery from a hyperpolarized state to a resting state. Furthermore, we showed how the HCN channel modifies the firing of the action potential using mathematic modeling. Our results indicated that although the loss of the HCN channel made recovery of the membrane potential more difficult from the most negative point to resting in comparison with the control, the firing rate of the action potential increased in certain circumstances. We present a novel explanation for the HCN channels? mechanism in neuron action potential generation using mathematical models.
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Kvíčalová, Jolana, and Jan Široký. "Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 4 (2013): 995–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361040995.
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Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.
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Hhyhorieva, O. M., S. B. Dimova, and T. M. Almaieva. "THE EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SOYBEAN GROWING ON HEAVY LOAMY CHORNOZEM ON THE RIGHT-BANK STEPPE OF UKRAINE." Agriciltural microbiology 29 (October 17, 2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.29.46-55.
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Objective. To study the efficacy of pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds with biological preparations in different preparative forms with and without pre-treatment of seeds under different systems of protection against weeds. Methods. Field, laboratory, biochemical, mathematic-statistical and economic. Results. In the stationary field experiment, the influence of different forms of biological preparations on the soybean growth under the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine has been studied. It has been established that in the seed pre-treatment, Maxim XL, which determines the increase in soybean productivity compared to the preparation Scarlet is preferred, and among the inoculants, it is preferred to choose Ryzobofit both in liquid and in the peat form. It has been proved that the post-emergent herbicides contribute to the decrease of weeds in soybean culture, which results in better conditions for the growth and development of plants, an increase in the number of nodules on the roots, and increased grain yield. The use of biological preparations contributed to an increase in not only the number of nodules on soybean plant roots, but also their mass compared to control without inoculation (7.8–76.9 or 26.7–109.7 %, respectively). Under the resource-saving system of crops protection from weeds in soybeans, higher rates were obtained in variants where treater Scarlet was used for pre-sowing treatment, and under the intense one — Maxim XL. The use of biological preparations in technology has made it possible to significantly increase yields by 0.2–0.3 t/ha (or 9.2–13.8 %) under both systems of crop protection from weeds. Conclusion. On heavy loamy chornozem on the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine, pre-sowing inocula-tion of soybean by biological preparations is a mandatory agrotechnical measure, which, in combi-nation with seed pre-treatment, allows a significant increase in yields and contributes to improving the quality of the grain when cultivating the crop using both studied systems for protection of crops from weeds.
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Xu, X. M., N. Salama, P. Jeffries, and M. J. Jeger. "Numerical Studies of Biocontrol Efficacies of Foliar Plant Pathogens in Relation to the Characteristics of a Biocontrol Agent." Phytopathology® 100, no. 8 (August 2010): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-100-8-0814.
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A previously published generic mathematic model has been used in a numerical study to understand the dynamics of foliar pathogens in relation to mechanisms, and timing and coverage of biocontrol agent (BCA) applications. With the model parameter values used, it was demonstrated that a BCA possessing either competition or induced resistance as the main mechanism of biological control was more effective in reducing disease development than a BCA with either mycoparasitism or antibiosis as its mechanism. Application coverage, ranging from 50 to 90%, had little effect on biocontrol efficacy, particularly for a BCA with competition and induced resistance as the main mechanism of biocontrol. Conversely, delayed application of BCA had more profound effects on biocontrol efficacy for those with competition or induced resistance as their main mechanism than those with mycoparasitism and antibiosis. Biocontrol efficacy was greatest for a single BCA combining competition with mycoparasitism or antibiosis. The efficacy for a single BCA combining induced resistance with competition critically depended on application time; the efficacy was greatly reduced for delayed applications. The present study suggests that development of an effective strategy for BCA application is critically dependent upon our quantitative understanding of several key biocontrol processes and their interactions. Without reliable quantitative estimation of these processes, it is impossible to make quantitative predictions about biological control and hence to optimize BCA application strategies.
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Prykhodchenko, Anatolij, Yulia Ulianovskа, and Vladislav Ulianoskiy. "USE OF METHODS OF MATHEMATIC STATISTICS FOR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL DATA FOR REVELATION OF THE ROLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN ETHIOPATHOGENESIS OF HUMAN DISEASES." EUREKA: Health Sciences 4 (July 29, 2016): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2016.00132.
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Aim of paper was to appraise the possibility of use of the traditional mathematical statistics methods for biomedical data to processing for determining the role of aluminium, chrome, niobium and lead in functioning of human blood-forming system. An effect of the abovementioned microelements on immunocompetent and blast cells was examined. Methods. To solve the indicated purposes, it were examined the venous blood leukoconcentrate in 48 of the examined persons. The standard methods of statistics were applied to the obtained data, namely the construction of spreading plot, elements of correlation and regression analysis. Results. It was obtained, that the reaction of immunocompetent and blast cells is ambivalent and depends upon the level of micronutrient status in human organism. Micronutrient biogenic effect is observed upon its low concentration in blood. An abiogenic effect arises upon the high level of micronutrient status in biological media of human. Conclusions. Notwithstanding the obtained results, the generally accepted approaches haven’t provided the possibility to determine the faithful character of immunocompetent and blast cells reaction on the level of micronutrient status in human organism and require the elaboration and development of the new approaches considering the revealed nonlinear relation.
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B. Khyade, Vitthalrao, and Hanumant V. Wanve. "Review on Use of Mathematics for Progression of Biological Sciences." International Academic Journal of Innovative Research 05, no. 01 (June 12, 2018): 301–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajir/v5i1/1810004.
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Putera, Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Yeni Aryati Mulyani, Stanislav Lhota, Riki Herliansyah, and Sodikin Sodikin. "Waterbird Foraging Habitat Selection in Balikpapan Bay: Water Depth and Patch Area as Important Factors." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.4.312-324.
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Balikpapan Bay is one of the wetlands providing potential foraging habitat for waterbirds in Indonesia. Potential habitat loss due to oil industry expansion, recent waterbird occurrence, and co-occurrence of two closely related species with similar foraging characteristics led to habitat selection. Habitat selection could be affected by food as an intrinsic factor and extrinsic factor, for example, accessibility to the physical and biological components of the habitat. This study aimed to measure the foraging habitat selection, identify significant habitat quality parameters for the habitat selection and predict the foraging habitat selection model. We used one-zero sampling for collecting foraging habitat selection data, corer sampling for prey data, and collecting the abiotic environment, and Generalized Linear Modelling (GLM) to build the model. We identified four species as the migrant Little Egret (Egretta garzetta), Great Egret (Ardea alba), Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea), and Lesser Adjutant (Leptoptilos javanicus). All species, except Purple Heron, selected foraging habitats. A simple mathematic model of foraging habitat selection was significantly affected by two factors: water depth and patch area. A large patch area may provide primary prey abundance for waterbirds, while a low water depth level may give easy access to the prey.
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Bouallag, Ouardia, Sabrina Zeghichi-Hamri, Mostapha Bachir-Bey, Nabila Brahmi-Chendouh, Nadia Bouallag, Melissa Takka, Khodir Madani, and Lila Boulekabache. "Optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from Bellis perennis flowers and assessment for antioxidant properties." Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati. Fascicle VI - Food Technology 46, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/foodtechnology.2022.1.10.
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Bellis perennis is an interesting daisy not for its ornamental usage but also for its bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, and related biological effects that explain traditional application for many disorders. The objective of this study was the optimization of phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower with microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using response surface methodology (RSM) and assessing optimal extract for bioactive contents and in vitro biological properties. The optimization of phenolic extraction was performed by studying four parameters (solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio). Furthermore, the optimal extract was analyzed for flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory activity, and FTIR analysis. Data fitting to the secondary polynomial model revealed that optimal conditions allowing the best phenolic extraction regarding solvent concentration, time, microwave power, and solvent to solid ratio were 56%, 83s, 200 W, and 68 mL/g, respectively. The phenolic yield obtained using this optimal combination was 135.67 mg GAE/g dw. The obtained optimal extract demonstrated an interesting flavonoids content (27.68 mg EQ/g dw) and expressed a good antioxidant activity measured with DPPH free radical scavenging activity (46.4mg GAE/g dw), ABTS free radical scavenging activity (59.6mg TE/g dw), reducing power (288.0mg GAE/g dw), iron chelating activity (32.7mg EDTAE/g dw), and anti-inflammatory activity (7.9mg IbuE/g dw). FTIR analysis revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups of phenolic compounds in the studied extract. This investigation allowed the development of a validated mathematic model for phenolic compounds extraction from B. perennis flower using MAE and optimal extract expressed good bioactive contents with the best antioxidant properties.
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Basovníková, Marcela, Eva Abramuszkinová Pavlíková, and Jan Vavřina. "Economic performance of Czech business entities in the context of CSRs’ implementation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 1985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361071985.
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The term responsible entrepreneurship refers to economic success of a business by the inclusion of social and environmental considerations into a company’s operational processes. It satisfies customers’ demands, whilst also managing the expectations of employees, suppliers and the surrounding community. In general, the term Social Corporate Responsibility means a positive contribution to society including management of enterprise’s environmental impacts. The major determinants of the CSR values can be explored such as economic, cultural and leadership factors. Corporate Social Responsibility has been receiving increased attention also from bodies which give certification to companies with CSR in practice. There are different certificates which companies can apply for, if being „responsible“, such as SA 8000, GRI, AA1000, IiP or ISO26000. The aim of this paper is to introduce various certificates, namely SA 8000 and look in details on economic data of 9 companies, chosen from 25 in the Czech Republic, which received this label.Both traditional and modern indicators for assessment of business entities’ economic performance within the entity sample are employed as the inclusion of the economic factors on the CSR. Indices of credibility in order to evaluate the financial status of sample entities are utilised as well. The mentioned economic analysis is managed both in the period before the implementation of the certified CSR system and in the ex-post period. The results of economic analysis in the period before receiving the SA8000 certificate are evaluated using the mathematic-statistical methods to reveal development trend regarding their economic performance and to conduct comparison to respective industrial means.
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Veselý, T. "Method of export strategy formulation for manufacturing or trading company." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 4 (February 20, 2012): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5088-agricecon.
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The objective of the paper is to present one method that solves the problem of election of a suitable export strategy using method of multi criteria evaluation. The initial hypothesis assumes limited financial and personal resources of a company generating necessity of incremental penetration to export markets with dependence on budget and expected results. The method also assumes individual choice of a single export strategy for each market. Number of formulated export strategies equals to the number of penetrated markets. The process of formulation of a new strategy consists of two steps. In the first step, an export market is chosen and in the second step, one of the export strategies is attached to the export market. The company management according to the company orientation and the management experience creates criteria for market selection. The method is supported with software that leads the company management through the entire process of export strategy formulation. The final order of suitable export strategies for the chosen market allows management to elect the best ranked variant or discuss about the order of export strategies and justify the diversion from strict mathematic evaluation of entered data.
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Sviashchennikov, Pavel N., Boris V. Ivanov, and Irina A. Govorina. "Environmental pollution impact on radiation properties of atmosphere, snow and ice cover: Study from Barentsburg (Spitsbergen Archipelago)." Czech Polar Reports 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2014-2-18.
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The value of the albedo of snow and ice surface is associated with the texture and structure of the surface layer of snow or ice (sea ice, glaciers), the peculiarities of the vertical redistribution of contaminations in this layer (mineral or organic particles of various concentrations, the size and shape), temperature regime of the surface layer of the atmosphere. Identifying links with the albedo characteristics of natural and artificial contamination is very important. For example, the results of mathematic modeling the evolution of ice sheets, sea ice and snow cover demonstrate the high sensitivity of the model to this parameter. Original results in the framework of this problem were obtained by researches from AARI and St. Petersburg State University during the 2010-2012 years on Svalbard in the vicinity of the Russian mining settlement Barentsburg. We present original results showing the relationship of "albedo-contaminations" and the influence of anthropogenic factors. The estimation of solar radiation that penetrates deep into the snow, and the impact of contamination on its redistribution in the snow thickness were obtained.
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Bianca, Carlo. "Mathematical and computational modeling of biological systems: advances and perspectives." AIMS Biophysics 8, no. 4 (2021): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2021025.
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<abstract> <p>The recent developments in the fields of mathematics and computer sciences have allowed a more accurate description of the dynamics of some biological systems. On the one hand new mathematical frameworks have been proposed and employed in order to gain a complete description of a biological system thus requiring the definition of complicated mathematical structures; on the other hand computational models have been proposed in order to give both a numerical solution of a mathematical model and to derive computation models based on cellular automata and agents. Experimental methods are developed and employed for a quantitative validation of the modeling approaches. This editorial article introduces the topic of this special issue which is devoted to the recent advances and future perspectives of the mathematical and computational frameworks proposed in biosciences.</p> </abstract>
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Doube, Michael. "Mathematics for Biological Scientists." Journal of Anatomy 216, no. 4 (April 2010): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01195.x.
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Geary, David C. "Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042400.
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AbstractThe principles of sexual selection were used as an organizing framework for interpreting cross-national patterns of sex differences in mathematical abilities. Cross-national studies suggest that there are no sex differences in biologically primary mathematical abilities, that is, for those mathematical abilities that are found in all cultures as well as in nonhuman primates, and show moderate heritability estimates. Sex differences in several biologically secondary mathematical domains (i.e., those that emerge primarily in school) are found throughout the industrialized world. In particular, males consistently outperform females in the solving of mathematical word problems and geometry. Sexual selection and any associated proximate mechanisms (e.g., sex hormones) influence these sex differences in mathematical performance indirectly. First, sexual selection resulted in greater elaboration in males than in females of the neurocognitive systems that support navigation in three-dimensional space. Knowledge implicit in these systems reflects an understanding of basic Euclidean geometry, and may thus be one source of the male advantage in geometry. Males also use more readily than females these spatial systems in problem-solving situations, which provides them with an advantage in solving word problems and geometry. In addition, sex differences in social styles and interests, which also appear to be related in part to sexual selection, result in sex differences in engagement iii mathematics-related activities, thus further increasing the male advantage in certain mathematical domains. A model that integrates these biological influences with sociocultural influences on the sex differences in mathematical performance is presented in this article.
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Kzhyshkowska, Julia. "Multifunctional Receptor Stabilin-1 in Homeostasis and Disease." Scientific World JOURNAL 10 (2010): 2039–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2010.189.
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The multifunctional scavenger receptor stabilin-1 (STAB1, FEEL-1, CLEVER-1, KIAA0246) is expressed on tissue macrophages and sinusoidal endothelial cells in healthy organisms, and its expression on both macrophages and different subtypes of endothelial cells is induced during chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Stabilin-1 is a type-1 transmembrane receptor that mediates endocytic and phagocytic clearance of “unwanted-self” components, intracellular sorting of the endogenously synthesized chitinase-like protein SI-CLP, and transcytosis of the growth hormone family member placental lactogen. The central sorting station for stabilin-1 trafficking seems to be the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Transport of stabilin-1 in the TGN requires interaction with GGA adaptors that bind to the classical DDSLL motif and a novel acidic cluster in its cytoplasmic tail. Degradation of stabilin-1 seems to depend on the interaction with sorting nexin 17. However, the mechanisms keeping stabilin-1 on the cell surface remain to be identified. This issue deserves specific attention due to the growing amount of data indicating that function of stabilin-1 in cell adhesion events is essential for inflammation and metastasis. Taking into consideration the complexity of stabilin-1—mediated processes, investigation of stabilin-1 functions in the animal models, as well as mathematic modeling of intracellular trafficking and extracellular contact, would enable prediction of stabilin-1 behavior in complex biological systems and would open perspectives for therapeutic targeting of stabilin-1 pathways in chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis.
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Duncan, Sarah I., Pamela Bishop, and Suzanne Lenhart. "Preparing the “New” Biologist of the Future: Student Research at the Interface of Mathematics and Biology." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0025.
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We describe a unique Research Experience for Undergraduates and Research Experience for Veterinary students summer program at the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis on the campus of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The program focused on interdisciplinary research at the interface of biology and mathematics. Participants were selected to work on projects with a biology mentor and a mathematics mentor in an environment that promoted collaboration outside of the students' respective disciplines. There were four research projects with teams of four participants and two faculty mentors. The participants consisted of a mixture of 10 undergraduates in biology- and mathematics-related disciplines, four veterinary students, and two high-school teachers. The activities included lectures on both the biological and mathematical backgrounds of the projects, tutorials for software, and sessions on ethics, graduate school, and possible career paths for individuals interested in biology and mathematics. The program was designed to give students the ability to actively participate in the scientific research process by working on a project, writing up their results in a final report, and presenting their work orally. We report on the results of our evaluation surveys of the participants.
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Naidoo, Jayaluxmi. "Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Culturally based Activities in South African Mathematics Classrooms." African Journal of Teacher Education 10, no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/ajote.v10i2.6686.
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Culturally based activities embedded within indigenous knowledge, in general, may be used to support the teaching of mathematics in multicultural classes. The article reflects on research that has been conducted with twenty-five post-graduate students studying Mathematics Education at one university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. These post-graduate students were also practicing mathematics teachers at schools. The study explored the use of indigenous knowledge and culturally based activities by post-graduate students in schools while teaching mathematical concepts. The theory of Realistic Mathematics Education framed this qualitative, interpretive study which used a questionnaire, lesson observations and semi-structured interviews to generate data. Qualitative data were analysed inductively and thematically. The findings reveal that the participants needed to understand indigenous knowledge to integrate culturally based activities in mathematics lessons. Secondly, culturally based activities established on indigenous knowledge scaffolded mathematics lessons and promoted the understanding of mathematical concepts to make learning more meaningful and relevant. Thirdly, this study provides examples of good practice to support teachers in integrating classroom activities and activities outside the classroom, ensuring that mathematical concepts learned in classrooms are not done in isolation but take into account learners’ authentic experiences in various settings. Finally, by integrating indigenous knowledge and culturally based activities in the mathematics curriculum, learners interacted and engaged more freely within the educational context. Similar studies could be conducted at universities internationally. Implications for mathematics teachers, mathematics teacher educators and mathematics curriculum developers globally are discussed.
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Thompson, Paul. "Mathematics in the biological sciences." International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 6, no. 3 (January 1992): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02698599208573434.
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Usher, David C., Tobin A. Driscoll, Prasad Dhurjati, John A. Pelesko, Louis F. Rossi, Gilberto Schleiniger, Kathleen Pusecker, and Harold B. White. "A Transformative Model for Undergraduate Quantitative Biology Education." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0029.
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The BIO2010 report recommended that students in the life sciences receive a more rigorous education in mathematics and physical sciences. The University of Delaware approached this problem by (1) developing a bio-calculus section of a standard calculus course, (2) embedding quantitative activities into existing biology courses, and (3) creating a new interdisciplinary major, quantitative biology, designed for students interested in solving complex biological problems using advanced mathematical approaches. To develop the bio-calculus sections, the Department of Mathematical Sciences revised its three-semester calculus sequence to include differential equations in the first semester and, rather than using examples traditionally drawn from application domains that are most relevant to engineers, drew models and examples heavily from the life sciences. The curriculum of the B.S. degree in Quantitative Biology was designed to provide students with a solid foundation in biology, chemistry, and mathematics, with an emphasis on preparation for research careers in life sciences. Students in the program take core courses from biology, chemistry, and physics, though mathematics, as the cornerstone of all quantitative sciences, is given particular prominence. Seminars and a capstone course stress how the interplay of mathematics and biology can be used to explain complex biological systems. To initiate these academic changes required the identification of barriers and the implementation of solutions.
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Hester, Susan, Sanlyn Buxner, Lisa Elfring, and Lisa Nagy. "Integrating Quantitative Thinking into an Introductory Biology Course Improves Students’ Mathematical Reasoning in Biological Contexts." CBE—Life Sciences Education 13, no. 1 (March 2014): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.13-07-0129.
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Recent calls for improving undergraduate biology education have emphasized the importance of students learning to apply quantitative skills to biological problems. Motivated by students’ apparent inability to transfer their existing quantitative skills to biological contexts, we designed and taught an introductory molecular and cell biology course in which we integrated application of prerequisite mathematical skills with biology content and reasoning throughout all aspects of the course. In this paper, we describe the principles of our course design and present illustrative examples of course materials integrating mathematics and biology. We also designed an outcome assessment made up of items testing students’ understanding of biology concepts and their ability to apply mathematical skills in biological contexts and administered it as a pre/postcourse test to students in the experimental section and other sections of the same course. Precourse results confirmed students’ inability to spontaneously transfer their prerequisite mathematics skills to biological problems. Pre/postcourse outcome assessment comparisons showed that, compared with students in other sections, students in the experimental section made greater gains on integrated math/biology items. They also made comparable gains on biology items, indicating that integrating quantitative skills into an introductory biology course does not have a deleterious effect on students’ biology learning.
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Molina-Cuasapaz, Gabriel, Sofía de Janon, Marco Larrea-Álvarez, Esteban Fernández-Moreira, Karen Loaiza, Miroslava Šefcová, David Ayala-Velasteguí, Karla Mena, Christian Vinueza Burgos, and David Ortega-Paredes. "An Online Pattern Recognition-Oriented Workshop to Promote Interest among Undergraduate Students in How Mathematical Principles Could Be Applied within Veterinary Science." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 6768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116768.
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Knowing the importance of mathematics and its relationship with veterinary medicine plays an important role for students. To promote interest in this relationship, we developed the workshop “Math in Nature” that utilizes the surrounding environment for stimulating pattern-recognition and observational skills. It consisted of four sections: A talk by a professional researcher, a question-and-answer section, a mathematical pattern identification session, and a discussion of the ideas proposed by students. The effectiveness of the program to raise interest in mathematics was evaluated using a questionnaire applied before and after the workshop. Following the course, a higher number of students agreed with the fact that biological phenomena can be explained and predicted by applying mathematics, and that it is possible to identify mathematical patterns in living beings. However, the students’ perspectives regarding the importance of mathematics in their careers, as well as their interest in deepening their mathematical knowledge, did not change. Arguably, “Math in Nature” could have exerted a positive effect on the students’ interest in mathematics. We thus recommend the application of similar workshops to improve interests and skills in relevant subjects among undergraduate students.
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Winanda, Rara Sandhy, Akira Mikail, Defri Ahmad, Dina Agustina, and Rahmawati Rahmawati. "University Students' Procrastination: A Mathematical Model (Case Studies: Student in Mathematics Department Universitas Negeri Padang)." EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA 23, no. 02 (June 30, 2022): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss02/315.
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Mathematical modeling of procrastination was carried out on students in the Mathematics Department at Universitas Negeri Padang. Procrastination is the tendency to delay work and can be contagious among students. Mathematical modeling of procrastination aims to show the spread of procrastination among students. The SEIR compartment model was applied in this study. From a total of 1,154 population members, 93 samples were randomly selected and were given a questionnaire to estimate the parameter values in the model. A couple of steady states appear in the model. The free disease steady state has a biological meaning since all the variables are real, while the endemic steady state is surreal in biological terms. The number of its basic reproduction number, from which the parameter values are derived from the primary data, indicates stability analysis near the free disease steady states. The result shows that procrastination is spread among students in the population, with the number of Ro is 1,009.
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Lavrischeva, Ekaterina Mikhailovna, and Igor Borisovich Petrov. "Modeling Technical and Mathematical Tasks of Applied Knowledge Areas on Computers." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 32, no. 6 (2020): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2020-32(6)-13.
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The paper considers modeling of technical problems and problems of applied mathematics, their algorithms and programming. The characteristics of the numerical modeling of technical problems and applied mathematics are given: physical and technical experiments, energy, ballistic and seismic methods of I.V. Kurchatov, starting with mathematical methods of the 17-20th centuries, the first computers and computers. The analysis of the first technical problems and problems of applied mathematics, their modeling, algorithmization and programming using the A.A. Lyapunov graph-schematic language, address language and programming languages is given. Numerical methods are presented, implemented under the guidance of A.A. Dorodnitsyn, A.A. Samarsky, O.M. Belotserkovsky and other scientists on modern supercomputers. Examples of mathematical modeling of the biological problem of eye treatment and the subject of «Computational geometry» on the Internet are given.
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Khanna, D. R., R. Bhutiani, and Neetu Saxena. "An approach to mathematical models as a tool for water and air quality management." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v6i1.420.
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Interactions between mathematical and biological sciences have been increasing rapidly in recent years. The use of system analysis and mathematical model for formulation and solving the environmental pollution is of relatively recent vintage and has been used widely since last three decades. These models can be used to conduct numerical experiments, test hypothesis and help to understand the response of environmental pollution. A mathematical model acts as a bridge between study of mathematics and application of mathematics in environmentand other fields. Modeling is an abstraction of reality and its ultimate objective is to explore the complexity of functions and structure of the system under study. Today, a wide variety of models belonging to different nature and category are available to understand the processes of the environment around us. Various models such as WASP, CE-QUAL-ICM, QUAL W2, AQUATOX, QUAL2K, IITAQ, PEARL, GRAM, UGEM, and IITLT etc. related to water and air quality are developed so far along with their principles, intended use and applications. These models generally simulate the basic physical, chemical and biological processes. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the concept and utilization of mathematical models in air and water quality management.
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MARTSENYUK, V., A. SVERSTIUK, O. BAGRIY-ZAYATS, A. PAVLYSHYN, and I. BOYMISTRUK. "MODELING OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 301, no. 5 (October 2021): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-301-5-177-187.
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The approaches to modeling of physicochemical and biological processes of differential equations are explained in the work. The law of radioactive decay, the law of absorption of ionizing radiation by the environment, the law of reproduction of bacteria, the law of dissolution of medicinal substance from a tablet, chemical reactions of the first and second order, mathematical model G.I. Marchuk are resulted, mathematical model of a cyber-physical immunosensory system on a hexagonal lattice using a system of delayed differential equations. The results of mathematical modeling in the form of the results of numerical modeling of the dynamic logic of the cyber-physical immunosensory system are presented. Phase planes, lattice images of the probability of antigen-antibody binding, images of fluorescent pixels, electrical signal from the transducer, which characterizes the number of fluorescent pixels, were obtained. In order to increase the student’s research interest in the study of natural sciences and improve the level of understanding of educational material in the disciplines “Biophysics with physical methods of analysis” and “Higher Mathematics” it is important to inform students about the latest discoveries in this field of knowledge, modern scientific mathematical and physical schools, because it is largely a motivating factor in the formation of future specialists in medicine, pharmacy, biology. Acquainting students with the current results of their own research allows them to be interested in the process of modeling medical and biological processes using differential equations, motivating them to their own research and development of various biosensor devices.
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Melkikh, Alexey V. "The Brain and the New Foundations of Mathematics." Symmetry 13, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13061002.
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Many concepts in mathematics are not fully defined, and their properties are implicit, which leads to paradoxes. New foundations of mathematics were formulated based on the concept of innate programs of behavior and thinking. The basic axiom of mathematics is proposed, according to which any mathematical object has a physical carrier. This carrier can store and process only a finite amount of information. As a result of the D-procedure (encoding of any mathematical objects and operations on them in the form of qubits), a mathematical object is digitized. As a consequence, the basis of mathematics is the interaction of brain qubits, which can only implement arithmetic operations on numbers. A proof in mathematics is an algorithm for finding the correct statement from a list of already-existing statements. Some mathematical paradoxes (e.g., Banach–Tarski and Russell) and Smale’s 18th problem are solved by means of the D-procedure. The axiom of choice is a consequence of the equivalence of physical states, the choice among which can be made randomly. The proposed mathematics is constructive in the sense that any mathematical object exists if it is physically realized. The consistency of mathematics is due to directed evolution, which results in effective structures. Computing with qubits is based on the nontrivial quantum effects of biologically important molecules in neurons and the brain.
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Jungck, John R., Holly Gaff, and Anton E. Weisstein. "Mathematical Manipulative Models: In Defense of “Beanbag Biology”." CBE—Life Sciences Education 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-03-0040.
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Mathematical manipulative models have had a long history of influence in biological research and in secondary school education, but they are frequently neglected in undergraduate biology education. By linking mathematical manipulative models in a four-step process—1) use of physical manipulatives, 2) interactive exploration of computer simulations, 3) derivation of mathematical relationships from core principles, and 4) analysis of real data sets—we demonstrate a process that we have shared in biological faculty development workshops led by staff from the BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium over the past 24 yr. We built this approach based upon a broad survey of literature in mathematical educational research that has convincingly demonstrated the utility of multiple models that involve physical, kinesthetic learning to actual data and interactive simulations. Two projects that use this approach are introduced: The Biological Excel Simulations and Tools in Exploratory, Experiential Mathematics (ESTEEM) Project ( http://bioquest.org/esteem ) and Numerical Undergraduate Mathematical Biology Education (NUMB3R5 COUNT; http://bioquest.org/numberscount ). Examples here emphasize genetics, ecology, population biology, photosynthesis, cancer, and epidemiology. Mathematical manipulative models help learners break through prior fears to develop an appreciation for how mathematical reasoning informs problem solving, inference, and precise communication in biology and enhance the diversity of quantitative biology education.
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Foss, Jeffrey. "Arithmetic and old lace." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00042485.
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AbstractGeary's project faces the severe methodological difficulty of tracing the biological effects of gender on mathematical ability in a system that is massively open. Two methodological stratagems he uses are considered. The first is that pancultural sex differences are biological in nature, which is dubious in the domain of mathematics, since it is completely culture-bound. The second is that sociosexual differences are partly caused by biosexual differences, which renders his thesis unfalsifiable and empirically empty.
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Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing. "Configuration of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve demystified: a basic mathematical proof for medical and biological sciences undergraduates." Advances in Physiology Education 31, no. 2 (June 2007): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00012.2007.
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The oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin (Hb) has been widely studied and mathematically described for nearly a century. Numerous mathematical models have been designed to predict with ever-increasing accuracy the behavior of oxygen transport by Hb in differing conditions of pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, Hb levels, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations that enable their applications in various clinical situations. The modeling techniques employed in many existing models are notably borrowed from advanced and highly sophisticated mathematics that are likely to surpass the comprehensibility of many medical and bioscience students due to the high level of “mathematical maturity” required. It is, however, a worthy teaching point in physiology lectures to illustrate in simple mathematics the fundamental reason for the crucial sigmoidal configuration of the ODC such that the medical and bioscience undergraduates can readily appreciate it, which is the objective of this basic dissertation.
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Bilgin, Adem. "Elhik’s Metamathematics and the robot Philia: Internet Communication Protocol Modelling of Observeds according to Observers." European Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 1, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejai.2022.1.2.3.
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Like all robot and IoT oriented mathematical studies this study is also transdisciplinary however most of the study remains in the field of mathematics and philosophy of mathematics due to the aim of mathematical modelling of the observations: a) protein synthesis by the information encoded in DNA and b) communication protocols of hacking software with encryption of IP of computers c) the process of DNA duplication to offspring formation in asexual and sexual reproduction. The ultimate mathematical aim of this study is providing a metamathematical approach for different types of mathematics to be utilized in information sciences by forced or free choice of artificial intelligence driven technological beings and computational systems. This study is biomathematically inspired from protein synthesis, cellular reproduction, DNA duplication, bacterial simple cell division, bacterial sex and zygote formation in human and mammalian fertilization; and all are modelled as moving pieces of quantized information. The ultimate robotic aim is finding an algorithm for data off-springs, thus the formation of the data-offspring in the form of living being off-springs’ DNA is chosen to be mathematically described. For this purpose, a new mathematics with new mathematical operations and a definition to mathematics are postulated, together with twelve postulations about the real-life observations. The introduced Aydan operation is synthesizing fuzzy logic based mathematical existence possibilities into abstract formal logic based abstract mathematical categories to be analyzed with additional color codes for each object, whereas deAydan operation is doing the opposite by analyzing a given synthesis. There is a coexistence of mathematical objects and operators in the biological cells. The co-existence of objects and mathematical operations in a given mathematics M, are axiomatically chosen to be a satisfiability rule for M to be accepted as mathematics in the form of a universal set isolated from other universal sets. Aydan function can be used for hacking other AI by deviating its results by merging them with forced formal logic based analytic input by another hacking software, and deAydan function can be used as anti-hack in the opposite direction. The metamathematical existence degree of a given mathematics is shown to be between zero and infinite dimensions. ELHIK is an abbreviation of the words El Harizmi and Immanuel Kant.
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Tsidylo, I. M., L. O. Shevchyk, I. M. Hrod, H. V. Solonetska, and S. B. Shabaga. "A computer simulation of population reproduction rate on the basis of their mathematical models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2288, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2288/1/012014.
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Abstract The article deals with the adoption of computer modeling as one of the leading areas of introduction of modern information technology in the modernization of content, forms and methods of teaching. In order to implement interdisciplinary integrated learning, the possibilities of interdisciplinary integration of learning content have been identified, the practice of using software environments in the process of modeling biological problems based on mathematical models has been analyzed, the possibilities of implementing algorithms of mathematical models in computer modeling have been investigated. A set of research tasks in biology as a basis for the implementation of interdisciplinary integration: nature - mathematics -computer science has been introduced into the educational process. The mathematical models of Verhulst, Arim, Leslie and the exponential law of direct proportional dependence or proportional rate of reproduction depending on the number of individuals of a population were used to design computer models of reproduction of ecological processes. They were implemented using the computer mathematics system MathCad and using programming environments Python, C#, C++. The expediency of the proposed method of interdisciplinary integration of learning content has been justified through a developmental and productive integrated approach, the use of certain collective forms of activity, the practical orientation of professional training disciplines to form algorithmic competence of students as a basis for professional competence in computer modeling of mathematical models of biological processes.
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Toh, Cheng Hong, Kuo-Chen Wei, Chen-Nen Chang, Shu-Hang Ng, Ho-Fai Wong, and Ching-Po Lin. "Differentiation of Brain Abscesses from Glioblastomas and Metastatic Brain Tumors: Comparisons of Diagnostic Performance of Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced Perfusion MR Imaging before and after Mathematic Contrast Leakage Correction." PLoS ONE 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2014): e109172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109172.
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Benbow, Camilla Persson. "Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: Their nature, effects, and possible causes." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00049244.
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AbstractSeveral hundred thousand intellectually talented 12-to 13-year-olds have been tested nationwide over the past 16 years with the mathematics and verbal sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Although no sex differences in verbal ability have been found, there have been consistent sex differences favoring males in mathematical reasoning ability, as measured by the mathematics section of the SAT (SAT-M). These differences are most pronounced at the highest levels of mathematical reasoning, they are stable over time, and they are observed in other countries as well. The sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability can predict subsequent sex differences in achievement in mathematics and science and is therefore of practical importance. To date a primarily environmental explanation for the difference in ability has not received support from the numerous studies conducted over many years by the staff of Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) and others. We have studied some of the classical environmental hypotheses: attitudes toward mathematics, perceived usefulness of mathematics, confidence, expectations/ encouragement from parents and others, sex-typing, and differential course-taking. In addition, several physiological correlates of extremely high mathematical reasoning ability have been identified (left-handedness, allergies, myopia, and perhaps bilateral representation of cognitive functions and prenatal hormonal exposure). It is therefore proposed that the sex difference in SAT-M scores among intellectually talented students, which may be related to greater male variability, results from both environmental and biological factors.