Academic literature on the topic 'Biological invasions impact'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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Crystal-Ornelas, Robert, Emma J. Hudgins, Ross N. Cuthbert, Phillip J. Haubrock, Jean Fantle-Lepczyk, Elena Angulo, Andrew M. Kramer, et al. "Economic costs of biological invasions within North America." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 485–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.58038.
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Invasive species can have severe impacts on ecosystems, economies, and human health. Though the economic impacts of invasions provide important foundations for management and policy, up-to-date syntheses of these impacts are lacking. To produce the most comprehensive estimate of invasive species costs within North America (including the Greater Antilles) to date, we synthesized economic impact data from the recently published InvaCost database. Here, we report that invasions have cost the North American economy at least US$ 1.26 trillion between 1960 and 2017. Economic costs have climbed over recent decades, averaging US$ 2 billion per year in the early 1960s to over US$ 26 billion per year in the 2010s. Of the countries within North America, the United States (US) had the highest recorded costs, even after controlling for research effort within each country ($5.81 billion per cost source in the US). Of the taxa and habitats that could be classified in our database, invasive vertebrates were associated with the greatest costs, with terrestrial habitats incurring the highest monetary impacts. In particular, invasive species cumulatively (from 1960–2017) cost the agriculture and forestry sectors US$ 527.07 billion and US$ 34.93 billion, respectively. Reporting issues (e.g., data quality or taxonomic granularity) prevented us from synthesizing data from all available studies. Furthermore, very few of the known invasive species in North America had reported economic costs. Therefore, while the costs to the North American economy are massive, our US$ 1.26 trillion estimate is likely very conservative. Accordingly, expanded and more rigorous economic cost reports are necessary to provide more comprehensive invasion impact estimates, and then support data-based management decisions and actions towards species invasions.
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Potgieter, Luke J., and Marc W. Cadotte. "The application of selected invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.50661.
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Urbanization is a major driver of global change. Profound human-mediated changes to urban environments have provided increased opportunities for species to invade. The desire to understand and manage biological invasions has led to an upsurge in frameworks describing the mechanisms underpinning the invasion process and the ecological and socio-economic impacts of invading taxa. This paper assesses the applicability of three commonly used invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems. The first framework describes the mechanisms leading to invasion; the second and third frameworks assess individual species, and their associated environmental and socio-economic impacts, respectively. In urban areas, the relative effectiveness of the barriers to invasion is diminished (to varying degrees) allowing a greater proportion of species to move through each subsequent invasion stage, i.e. “the urban effect” on invasion. Impact classification schemes inadequately circumscribe the full suite of impacts (negative and positive) associated with invasions in urban areas. We suggest ways of modifying these frameworks to improve their applicability to understanding and managing urban invasions.
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Mattingly, Kali Z., Tara A. Pelletier, Jessie Lanterman, Danielle Frevola, Benjamin Stucke, Kaitlin Kinney, Ross Schwartz, Drew Spacht, Graham Dixon, and Stephen M. Hovick. "Disconnects between Communicated Impact and Ecological Impact of Biological Invasions." BioScience 70, no. 3 (February 15, 2020): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa003.
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Abstract Although scientists strive to accurately communicate their research, disconnects can arise between results and rhetoric. Some have regarded invasion scientists as particularly prone to using value-laden language incommensurate with the scientific facts or results. We addressed how authors used 10 near synonyms (words for which usage is similar but not completely overlapping) of the negative-value word invasive. We asked whether study findings (effect sizes) or other factors predicted language use. The use of negative-value words such as invasive was not associated with study findings but, instead, with contextual factors. For example, plant and invertebrate biologists used more negative language to describe nonnatives than did those studying vertebrates. The authors also tended to use more negative language in recently published papers than in older studies. Although many have called for impartial language when communicating research, some scientists use language imbued with value that may be inappropriate. Such use may affect how the public perceives scientific findings.
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Diagne, Christophe, Anna J. Turbelin, Desika Moodley, Ana Novoa, Boris Leroy, Elena Angulo, Tasnime Adamjy, et al. "The economic costs of biological invasions in Africa: a growing but neglected threat?" NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 11–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59132.
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Biological invasions can dramatically impact natural ecosystems and human societies. However, although knowledge of the economic impacts of biological invasions provides crucial insights for efficient management and policy, reliable syntheses are still lacking. This is particularly true for low income countries where economic resources are insufficient to control the effects of invasions. In this study, we relied on the recently developed "InvaCost" database – the most comprehensive repository on the monetised impacts of invasive alien species worldwide – to produce the first synthesis of economic costs of biological invasions on the African continent. We found that the reported costs of invasions ranged between US$ 18.2 billion and US$ 78.9 billion between 1970 and 2020. This represents a massive, yet highly underestimated economic burden for African countries. More alarmingly, these costs are exponentially increasing over time, without any signs of abatement in the near future. The reported costs were mostly driven by damage caused by invaders rather than expenses incurred for management. This trend was highly skewed towards a few regions (i.e. Southern and Eastern Africa) and activity sectors (i.e. agriculture) and incurred by a small number of invasive taxa (i.e. mainly three insect pests: Chilo partellus, Tuta absoluta, Spodoptera frugiperda). We also highlight crucial, large gaps in current knowledge on the economic costs of invasions that still need to be bridged with more widespread research effort and management actions across the continent. Finally, our study provides support for developing and implementing preventive measures as well as integrated post-invasion management actions at both national and regional levels. Considering the complex societal and economic realities in African countries, the currently neglected problem of biological invasions should become a priority for sustainable development.
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Faillace, Cara A., Nicholas S. Lorusso, and Siobain Duffy. "Overlooking the smallest matter: viruses impact biological invasions." Ecology Letters 20, no. 4 (February 8, 2017): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12742.
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Adomako, Michael Opoku, Sergio Roiloa, and Fei-Hai Yu. "The COVID-19 Restrictions and Biological Invasion: A Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Perspective on Propagule Pressure and Invasion Trajectory." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214783.
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Biological invasions driven by climate change, transportation, and intercontinental trade, as well as land-use change and tourism, pose severe threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. However, the COVID-19-induced shutdowns and cross-border restrictions could have significantly impacted some of these drivers. Thus, COVID-19-induced restrictions may potentially alter the invasion trajectories and propagule pressure of invasive alien species, yet very few studies have examined this possibility. Here, we provide a unique conceptual framework to examine how COVID-19-induced restrictions may influence the rate, magnitude, and trajectories of biological invasions. We also discuss the similarities between the high-hit regions of COVID-19 and the global hotspot of biological invasions. Additionally, we assessed whether previous predictions of biological invasions still hold despite the strong impact of COVID-19 on the drivers of invasions. Finally, we emphasize the possibility of harnessing such restrictive measures to manage invasive species, nature reserves, and national parks. The present study is a significant addition to the current understanding of the interplay between pandemic outbreaks and biological invasions in the context of both direct and indirect effects of global ecosystem change.
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Watari, Yuya, Hirotaka Komine, Elena Angulo, Christophe Diagne, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, and Franck Courchamp. "First synthesis of the economic costs of biological invasions in Japan." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59186.
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Despite the large body of knowledge recognising the impact of biological invasions on biodiversity, their economic impact has been less evaluated. However, the associated economic costs ought to provide useful information on many different aspects to prevent and manage invasions. Here, we describe the economic costs of biological invasions in Japan using InvaCost, a recently-published global database on monetary costs extracted from English and non-English sources, as well as a complementary search, thereby filling a gap in regional knowledge. We focused on the following four dimensions when analysing the economic costs of biological invasions: damage to biodiversity, damage to human livelihood, management for biodiversity and management for human livelihood. Interestingly, there was no information about biological invasion costs for Japan in English, but the Japanese search and our additional survey provided a total of 630 cost entries, with a total economic cost of 728 million USD (2017 value, equivalent to 62 billion JPY). These entries appeared in 33 documents and corresponded to a total of 54 species. We showed that: 1) damage costs from biological invasions tend not to be assessed as frequently as management costs and are more underestimated; 2) despite the numerous entries, an overwhelmingly limited amount of the management budget was allocated to biodiversity conservation compared to protecting human livelihood; 3) budgets have been intensively invested in invasive species management on small islands, which reflects the vulnerability of small island ecosystems and economies to biological invasions; 4) the recorded costs still seem to be greatly underestimated, mainly due to the lack of recording (and potentially limited access to recorded cost information). These findings are not only specific to Japan, but may also be widely applicable to most other countries. The future recording of economic costs will help to close the gap between actual and recorded costs, leading to more realistic guidelines for tackling biological invasions.
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Krist, Amy, and Mark Dybdahl. "The Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum, Reduces Growth of the Native Snail, Fossaria SP." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 29 (January 1, 2005): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2005.3605.
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Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hence, understanding the role of invasive species is of grave importance to managing and minimizing the impact of biological invasions. To date, the ecological impacts of biological invasions have received significant attention, but little effort has been made to address the evolutionary impact (Sakai et al. 2001, Cox 2004). This is despite the fact that evolutionary impacts are likely to be widespread; invasive species have been shown to alter patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations (Parker et al. 1999), and many of the best examples of rapid evolution involve invasive species interacting with native species (Reznick and Ghalambor 2001, Strauss et al. 2006). We have begun to address some of the evolutionary consequences of the invasion of the New Zealand mud snail, (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) on a species of native snail in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).
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Mattingly, Kali Z., Tara A. Pelletier, Jessie Lanterman, Danielle Frevola, Benjamin Stucke, Kaitlin Kinney, Ross Schwartz, Drew Spacht, Graham Dixon, and Stephen M. Hovick. "Corrigendum: Disconnects between Communicated Impact and Ecological Impact of Biological Invasions." BioScience 70, no. 5 (March 16, 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biaa023.
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Duboscq-Carra, Virginia G., Romina D. Fernandez, Phillip J. Haubrock, Romina D. Dimarco, Elena Angulo, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, Christophe Diagne, Franck Courchamp, and Martin A. Nuñez. "Economic impact of invasive alien species in Argentina: a first national synthesis." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.63208.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) affect natural ecosystems and services fundamental to human well-being, human health and economies. However, the economic costs associated with IAS have been less studied than other impacts. This information can be particularly important for developing countries such as Argentina, where monetary resources for invasion management are scarce and economic costs are more impactful. The present study provides the first analysis of the economic cost of IAS in Argentina at the national level, using the InvaCost database (expanded with new data sources in Spanish), the first global compilation of the reported economic costs of invasions. We analyzed the temporal development of invasions costs, distinguishing costs according to the method reliability (i.e. reproducibility of the estimation methodology) and describing the economic costs of invasions by invaded environment, cost type, activity sector affected and taxonomic group of IAS. The total economic cost of IAS in Argentina between 1995 and 2019 was estimated at US$ 6,908 million. All costs were incurred and 93% were highly reliable. The recorded costs were mainly related to terrestrial environments and the agricultural sector, with lack of costs in other sectors, making it difficult to discuss the actual distribution of invasion costs in Argentina. Nevertheless, the reported costs of IAS in this country are very high and yet likely much underestimated due to important data gaps and biases in the literature. Considering that Argentina has an underdeveloped economy, costs associated with biological invasions should be taken into consideration for preventing invasions, and to achieve a more effective use of available resources.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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Riley, Leslie Anne. "Estimating invasive species impact interaction strengths, abundance and the role of productivity in a freshwater invasion /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/l_riley_111808.pdf.
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Fournier, Alice. "Modéliser et prédire les invasions biologiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS144/document.
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Les invasions biologiques, deuxième cause de perte de biodiversité à l’échelle mondiale, représentent un risque majeur auquel nos sociétés doivent faire face. On parle d’invasion biologique lorsque des activités humaines permettent à une espèce de franchir des barrières qui jusqu’alors limitaient sa dispersion ou sa multiplication, entrainant une explosion géographique et démographique de l’espèce dans un nouvel écosystème et s’accompagnant éventuellement d’impacts économiques, sociétaux ou écologiques. La façon la plus efficace et la moins coûteuse de limiter les impacts causés par les espèces envahissante et de les prévoir en amont afin de mettre en place des mesures de prévention ciblées et efficaces et d’essayer de les éviter.L’objectif de cette thèse est de démontrer qu’il est possible d’améliorer la prédiction des invasions biologiques en développant et combinant différentes approches de modélisation de façon innovante. Les questions posées sont de savoir s’il est possible de prévoir quelles pourraient-être ces espèces, où elles pourraient devenir envahissantes et quels impacts elles pourraient avoir. Toutes les méthodes développées dans cette thèse ont été appliquées à des hyménoptères sociaux ; nombreuses espèces de fourmis (famille des Formicidés) ou frelon asiatique (famille des Vespidés, vespa Velutina nigrithorax), mais elles sont généralisables et réutilisables pour tout autre taxa.Je montre dans cette thèse qu’il est possible de développer un outil statistique de détection des espèces risquant de devenir envahissantes. J’applique cet outil aux fourmis, je fournis une liste de 15 espèces de fourmis risquant de devenir envahissantes à travers le monde et je cartographie les zones du globe risquant d’être envahies par ces espèces. Chacun des continents est menacée par au moins une de ces invasions potentielles. Dans un deuxième temps, je mets au point d’un cadre méthodologique permettant d’améliorer les prédictions d’aires de distribution des espèces en combinant leurs exigences climatiques et d’habitat, tout en respectant l’échelle géographique à laquelle ces facteurs agissent sur la distribution des espèces. J’applique cette méthode au frelon asiatique, ce qui me permet d’identifier les habitats qui lui sont les plus favorables et d’utiliser ces informations pour raffiner la prédiction de son aire favorable. En combinant le climat et l’habitat, je prédis une aire potentielle de distribution 56% plus restreinte par rapport aux estimations basées sur le climat uniquement. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, je m’intéresse au développement d’une méthode permettant de prédire spatialement les impacts causés par une invasion biologique. Pour ce faire, je prédis d’abord l’abondance potentielle du frelon asiatique en France. Je couple ensuite cette prédiction avec des données de présence de ruches et un modèle présidant l’impact du frelon asiatique sur la survie des colonies d’abeilles. J’estime enfin que cette invasion peut conduire à l’effondrement de 41% des colonies d’abeilles domestiques en France.Cette thèse met en lumière l’utilité d’intégrer la modélisation dans la construction du savoir autour des invasions biologiques, approche relativement nouvelle dans ce champ disciplinaire. De plus, elle illustre comment la modélisation et l’élaboration de prédictions peuvent aider à objectiver la prise de décision concernant la gestion des espèces envahissantes et optimiser leur efficacité en ciblant les habitats, les régions et les espèces d’action prioritairesBiologicals invasions, the second cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, represent a major threat that our societies have to face. Invasive species correspond to species that, due to human activities, cross geographic and reproduction barriers and expand into new areas in large numbers. This spread into new ecosystems may have severe socio-economic or ecological impacts. The most efficient way to limit these impacts is to predict and avoid biological invasions before they occur by setting up appropriate management plans.The aim of this PhD thesis is to demonstrate that existing predictive models can be further developed and combined together to improve biological invasion predictions. All of the methods developed in this thesis have been applied to social Hymenoptera: ant species (Formicidae) and the Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax), but they are generalizable to any other taxa. The questions asked are: can we predict future invader species? Can we improve the spatial predictions of their distribution? Can we predict invasive species impact?First, I show in this thesis that it is possible to develop a model that detects future invasive species, even before they have had the chance to be moved outside their native range. I apply this screening tool to more than 2000 ant species, provide a list of the 15 ant species that are highly likely to become invasive and map their global suitability to highlights the area the most at risk from these invasions. All continents are threatened by at least one of these potential invasions. Second, I set up a methodological framework to improve species distribution predictions by combining multi-scale drivers. I apply this method to the invasive Asian hornet, identify its high affinity habitats, and use this information to refine suitability maps. I show that integrating multiple drivers, while still respecting their scale of effect, produced a potential range 55.9% smaller than that predicted using a climatic model alone. Finally, I propose a method to predict invasive species impacts in a spatially explicit way and I apply it to the estimate the Asian hornet’s impact on honeybee colonies in France. To do so, I estimate the Asian hornet nest density across France and combine it with an agent-based hive model to estimate honeybee mortality risk. I show that up to 41% of the honeybee colonies are likely to collapse due to the Asian hornet.Overall, these studies demonstrate how modelling techniques can provide valuable inputs to improve invasive species management decision by offering tools to optimize prevention strategies and target areas, species or habitats where action is needed in priority. Biological invasions involve our scientific, political and cultural perceptions in an intricate way; this PhD thesis highlights the usefulness of bringing together modelling techniques and the rest of biological invasion knowledge to better grasp invasion science complexity
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Dudei, Nicole L. "The impact of the Richmondian Invasion on paleobiogeographic distribution of taxa in the Late Ordovician C₄ sequence (Richmondian Stage, Cincinnati, Ohio) including a comparison of range reconstruction methods." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245437297.
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Carol, Bruguera Joaquim. "Ecology of an invasive fish (Silurus glanis) in Catalan reservoirs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7870.
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L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és aportar les primeres dades sobre l'ecologia del silur (Silurus glanis) introduït a la Península Ibèrica i estimar els seu impacte ecològic sobre la biota nativa. Es van mostrejar les comunitats de peixos de 14 embassaments catalans. El silur es troba actualment introduït a quatre conques Ibèriques: a la de l'Ebre fa uns 30 anys, a les del Ter i Tajo fa uns pocs anys i recentment al Llobregat. Hem demostrat la utilitat de comparar estadis d'invasió recents i avançats per mirar d'entendre els canvis ecològics causats per espècies invasores: les introduccions recents presenten silurs més joves, de menor mida i amb taxes de creixement superiors a les de les poblacions introduïdes anteriorment i també respecte les poblacions natives; a més, depreden majoritàriament sobre peixos, en contra de les poblacions més antigues que s'alimenten sobretot de cranc. Finalment, aportem les primeres dades publicades de telemetria del silur.The aim of this thesis is to provide the first data on the ecology of European Catfish (Silurus glanis) introduced to the Iberian Peninsula and to appraise its ecological impact on native biota. We sampled the fish assemblage of 14 Catalan reservoirs (Spain). The European catfish is nowadays introduced in four Iberian river basins: in the Ebro river basin for 30 years, in the Ter and Tajo river basin for a few years and we report the first record for the Llobregat river basin. We demonstrate the utility of comparing early and late invasion stages to understand the ecological changes caused by invasive species: recent introductions of catfish had smaller and younger catfish with growth rates higher than old and native populations and preying on fish instead of crayfish for old introductions. We also report the first published telemetry data for catfish.
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Miró, Pastó Alexandre. "Fish as local stressors of Pyrenean high mountain lakes: Arrival process and impact on amphibians and other organisms." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384835.
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Pyrenean high mountain lakes are naturally fishless due to natural barriers that have prevented the natural colonisation of fish species from lower streams. However, there have been numerous trout introductions to such ecosystems, both in historical and recent periods. Differing from other high mountain regions, some high mountain lakes of the Pyrenees were exploited traditionally for trout cultivation. This activity started at least centuries ago and lasted until 1950s, affecting approximately 25% of the lakes. Since 1950, and similar to other high mountain regions, a wave of modern introductions with exotic species has affected among 35% and 85% of the lakes depending on the valley. In recent decades, minnows have also been introduced, being present in 2000 in 27% of Pyrenean high mountain lakes, as a result of recreational fishing with livebait.
The first part of the thesis was intended to provide an objective description of the fish introduction process in the Pyrenees. For that purpose we collected data on trout and minnow occurrence from 520 high mountain lakes >0.5 ha of the southern Pyrenees and quantified, by generalized additive models, which particular factors either environmental or anthropogenic, best explained their present distribution and as a result their lake conservation status.
The distribution of Salmo trutta in the southern slope of the Pyrenees was best explained by both, anthropogenic factors and lake characteristics, while only anthropogenic factors linked to recreational fishing were associated with the distribution of the exotic trout Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss. For the case of minnow occurrence, previous presence of trout in the lake was the most explanative variable, confirming its association with recreational fishing using them as livebait.
Trout and minnow introductions can cause large ecological problems and ecosystem alterations in high mountain lakes and ponds, since both trout and minnows occupy the top of a lake’s food chain. In the second part of the thesis, we sampled 1736 Pyrenean high mountain lakes and ponds at different levels of intensity and investigated the effects of introduced fish on indicator faunal groups such as amphibians and conspicuous macroinvertebrates in the littoral, and crustaceans from the plankton. We also studied if there was a trophic cascade from fish to the littoral epilithic community of these ecosystems.
Our results showed that fish presence was linked with the disappearance of most amphibian species and of most conspicuous macroinvertebrates. Minnows also showed sizeable impact on the pelagic habitat reducing the abundance of some herbivorous species of zooplankton that appeared to be unaffected by trout. In the case of amphibian species, we found that, although introduced fish had a high local impact, western-eastern patterns of some environmental variables are the main drivers of amphibian species distribution at Pyrenean range scale. In addition, we confirmed the presence of a littoral trophic cascade that define most of the characteristics of the littoral epilithon of Pyrenean high mountain lakes and ponds, through fish predation of tadpoles and hence, by a drastic reduction of grazing activity.
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Luruli, Ndivhuwo Mord. "Distribution and impact of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19640.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasion by the notorious tramp species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) has caused major concern around the globe, owing to its displacement of native ant species and other invertebrates where it invades. This species was first recorded in South Africa in 1901 in Stellenbosch, Western Cape Province (WCP), and has now become a significant pest in most urban and agricultural areas in the country. The Argentine ant has received relatively little attention in South Africa compared to other countries (e.g. California, North America). To date the extent of invasion by this species countrywide, as well as its impact on the local ant fauna inside protected areas, has not been quantified. In this study, the impact of the Argentine ant on native ant fauna inside three protected areas in the WCP (Helderberg Nature Reserve (HNR), Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (JNR) and Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve KBR)) was assessed. Species richness and diversity were compared between invaded and uninvaded bait stations at each protected area. Several native ant species were found to be displaced by the Argentine ant from all three protected areas, although three species: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 and Tetramorium quadrispinosum, were found coexisting with it. Invaded bait stations had significantly lower ant species richness and species turnover than uninvaded bait stations. Uninvaded bait stations contained eight times more native ant species than invaded bait stations. Thus, the invasion of protected areas by the Argentine ant has severe negative consequences for the species richness and assemblage structure of native ants, leading to the biotic homogenization of these local ant communities. The distribution range of the Argentine ant inside the three protected areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), as well as microhabitat preferences that may facilitate the spread of this species inside these reserves, was also assessed. Helderberg Nature Reserve was the most invaded protected area, with the highest level of the Argentine ant occupancy, while JNR and KBR had lower occupancy levels. At all the three protected areas, this species was dominant at lower altitudinal areas, and also showed a clear preference for areas with high anthropogenic disturbances, i.e. around buildings and on lawns (picnic areas). In this study, there was no evidence that moisture availability facilitates the distribution and spread of the Argentine ant inside these reserves. Finally, a combination of published literature records, museum records and records collected in the current study was used to quantify the current distributional extent of the Argentine ant throughout urban South Africa. This is the first study quantifying the distribution and extent of invasion by the Argentine ant throughout the country. The Argentine ant was found in six of the nine South African Provinces, and its extent of occurrence includes approximately half of the country’s land surface area. Discontinuities in the distribution of the Argentine ant across the country revealed that range expansion of the Argentine ant in South Africa is occurring predominantly via human-mediated jump dispersal, rather than naturally via nest diffusion. This study clearly demonstrated that the Argentine ant is well established across South Africa as well as inside protected areas. The Argentine ant invasion was influenced by the presence of human modified landscapes (i.e. buildings) both at low and high altitude, and this was associated with higher rates of native ant species displacement at these areas. Therefore, limiting the development of recreational areas, such as buildings and picnic sites inside protected areas will result in the lower rate of spread of the Argentine ant. This will in turn lower the extent of displacement of native ant species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringing deur die Argentynse mier (Linepithema humile Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is ‘n bron van groot kommer regoor die wêreld, as gevolg van sy vermoë om inheemse mier spesies en ander ongewerweldes te verplaas. Hierdie spesie is vir die eerste keer aangeteken in Suid-Afrika in 1901, in Stellenbosch, Weskaap Provinsie (WCP), en het ‘n belangrike pes geword in die meeste stedelike en landelike gebiede in die land. Die Argentynse mier het betreklik min aandag gekry in Suid-Afrika, in vergelyking met ander lande (bv. California, Noord Amerika). Tans is die omvang van die landwye indringing van hierdie spesie, sowel as sy impak op die plaaslike mier fauna binne beskermde areas, nog nie bepaal nie. In hierdie studie word die impak van die Argentynse mier op die inheemse mier fauna binne drie beskermde areas in die WCP (Helderberg Natuurreservaat (HNR), Jonkershoek Natuurreservaat (JNR) en Kogelberg Biosfeerreservaat (KBR)) bepaal. Spesierykheid en diversiteit was vergelyk tussen ingedringde en oningedringde lokaas stasies in elke beskermde area. Verskeie inheemse mier spesies was deur die Argentynse mier verplaas in al drie beskermde areas, alhoewel drie spesies: Meranoplus peringueyi, Monomorium sp. 8 en Tetramorium quadrispinosum het saam met dit voorgekom. Ingedringde lokaas stasies het beduidend laer mier spesierykheid en spesies omset gehad as oningedringde lokaas stasies. Dus, die indringing van beskermde areas deur die Argentynse mier het ernstige negatiewe gevolge vir die spesierykheid en gemeenskap struktuur van inheemse miere, wat lei tot die biotiese verarming van hierdie plaaslike mier gemeenskappe. Die verspreidingsarea van die Argentynse mier binne die drie beskermde areas (HNR, JNR, KBR), en die mikrohabitat voorkeure wat die verspreiding van die spesie binne hierdie reservate kan vergemaklik, was ook vasgestel. Helderberg Natuurreservaat was die mees ingedringde beskermde area, met die hoogste vlak van Argentynse mier besetting, terwyl JNR en KBR laer besettingsvlakke gehad het. By al drie die beskermde areas was hierdie spesie dominant by laer hoogtes bo seevlak en het ‘n duidelike voorkeur getoon vir areas met hoë menslike versteuring d.i. rondom geboue en op grasperke (piekniek areas). In hierdie studie was daar geen bewyse dat vog beskikbaarheid die voorkoms en verspreiding van die Argentynse mier binne die reservate vergemaklik nie. Ten slotte, ‘n kombinasie van gepubliseerde literatuur verslae, museum dokumente en verslae wat in hierdie studie versamel is, was gebruik om die huidige verspreidingsomvang van die Argentynse mier te bepaal. Dit is die eerste studie wat die verspreiding en omvang van indringing in stedelike Suid Afrika van die Argentynse mier dwarsdeur die land bepaal. Die Argentynse mier is gevind in ses van die nege provinsies in Suid-Afrika, en die omvang van sy voorkoms sluit bykans die helfte van die land se landoppervlaksarea in. Onderbrekings in die verspreiding van die Argentynse mier deur die land het blootgelê dat die uitbreiding van die voorkomsgebied van die Argentynse mier in Suid-Afrika hoofsaaklik gebeur deur mens bemiddelde verspreiding eerder as natuurlike nesverspreiding. Hierdie studie het duidelik gedemonstreer dat die Argentynse mier goed gevestig is regoor Suid-Afrika sowel as in beskermde areas. Die Argentynse mier indringing was beïnvloed deur mensgewysigde landskappe (d.i. geboue) by lae en hoë hoogtes bo seevlak, en dit was verwant aan hoër vlakke van verplasing van inheemse mier species in hierdie areas. Dus, die beperking van ontwikkeling van rekreasie areas, soos geboue en piekniekareas, in beskermde gebiede sal lei tot laer vlakke van verspreiding van die Argentynse mier. Dit sal, op sy beurt, die omvang van verplasing van die inheemse mier spesies verminder.
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Ellis, Bonnie Kathleen. "Alternate states in a large oligotrophic lake a retrospective analysis of nutrient loading and food web change /." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03292007-094249/unrestricted/ellis06.pdf.
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Gaigher, Rene. "The invasive ant Pheidole megacephala on an oceanic island : impact, control and community-level response to management." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79877.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive species are among the most important global conservation threats. Their management is one of the key conservation challenges that will have to be addressed in the next few decades. The study of real invasions and their management in natural ecosystems provides an opportunity to gain important information on theoretical and applied aspects of biological invasions. This project focuses on the broader ecological context of invasive ant management in an ecologically sensitive island habitat. The thesis has three main components: 1) assessing the role of the invasive ant Pheidole megacephala in the ecosystem and evaluating its threat to the system, 2) evaluating a low-impact management program for the ant, and 3) using a community-level approach to assess ecosystem response to ant removal. The ant occupied almost 30% of the island‘s total land area and reached extremely high densities in some areas. The ant was associated with exotic hemipteran scale insects through trophobiotic mutualisms that facilitated high ant and hemipteran abundances. The highly destructive scale insect Pulvinaria urbicola was among the hemipterans that benefited from ant attendance. High levels of hemipteran feeding resulted in dieback of functionally important and threatened native Pisonia trees, which represented a significant threat to the forest ecosystem. A management program was initiated in response to this threat, consisting of baiting with selective hydramethylnon-based bait delivered in bait stations, accompanied by detailed pre-and post-baiting monitoring. The method was highly effective at suppressing the ants, whilst preventing bait uptake by non-target organisms. It was also cost-effective and adaptable to ant density in the field, but was only effective over short distances. The method may be applicable to other sensitive environments with similar challenges. After ant control, the ant-scale mutualism was decoupled and the Pu. urbicola population collapsed. There were variable responses in different taxa to the removal of these highly abundant exotic species, the most important of which was the recovery in Pisonia trees. Shoot condition and foliage density improved and there was a decrease in sooty mold. Herbivory on Pisonia increased due to recovery of native canopy herbivores, but the overall impact was far less than that of the exotic hemipterans. Soil surface arthropods, a group that may have been vulnerable to the treatment method, were unaffected by baiting. Instead, they increased significantly after ant removal, confirming the ant‘s impact on other arthropods. Other ant diversity and non-ant arthropod abundance increased post-baiting, including the endemic ant Pheidole flavens farquharensis and some functionally important insects such as the Indian cockroach. Natural enemies that interacted predictably with the mutualists were influenced by management. Predators of hemipterans increased significantly after ant removal and were instrumental in the scale population collapse, whereas parasitoids of hemipterans that benefited from the mutualism declined. Additionally, groups that were unrelated to the mutualism were indirectly influenced by management. The natural enemy assemblage as a whole showed recovery to pre-invasion conditions. The study shows how widely interconnected and influential the ant was in the ecosystem. It highlights the threat of the species in natural systems as well as the complex responses following invasive ant removal. Yet, it also demonstrates the potential to safely and effectively manage the species, thereby raising the opportunity for ecosystem recovery.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringerspesies is van die belangrikste globale bedreigings vir natuurbewaring. Hulle bestuur is van die grootste bewaringsuitdagings wat in die volgende paar dekades aangespreek moet word. Die studie van werklike invalle en hul bestuur in natuurlike ekosisteme bied 'n geleentheid om belangrike inligting te verkry oor teoretiese en toegepaste aspekte van biologiese indringing. Hierdie projek fokus op die breër ekologiese konteks van uitheemse mier bestuur in 'n ekologies sensitiewe eiland habitat. Die tesis het drie hoofkomponente: 1) die beoordeling van die rol van die indringer mier Pheidole megacephala in die ekosisteem en evaluering van sy bedreiging vir die sisteem, 2) die evaluering van 'n lae-impak bestuursprogram vir die mier, en 3) die gebruik van 'n gemeenskaps-vlak benadering om ekosisteem reaksie op mierverwydering te assesseer. Die mier het byna 30% van die totale landoppervlak van die eiland beslaan en het in party areas baie hoë digthede bereik. Die mier was geassosieer met uitheemse dopluis spesies in mutualismes wat hoë mier en dopluis getalle gefasiliteer het. Die hoogs beskadigende dopluis Pulvinaria urbicola was een van die spesies wat bevoordeel is deur die mutualisme. Hoë vlakke van dopluis voeding het die terugsterwe van funksioneel belangrike, bedreidge inheemse Pisonia bome veroorsaak, wat ʼn groot bedreiging vir die ekosisteem verteenwoordig het. ‗n Bestuursprogram is geïmplimenteer as gevolg van hierdie bedreiging, wat bestaan het uit selektiewe hidrametielnoon-gebaseerde lokaas wat in die veld geplaas is in lokaashouers, vergesel deur intensiewe monitering voor en na lokaasplasing. Die metode was hoogs effektief in die onderdrukking van die miere en het lokaasinname deur nie-teiken organismes verhoed. Dit was ook koste-effektief en aanpasbaar volgens mierdigtheid in die veld, maar was slegs effektief oor kort afstande. Die metode mag van toepassing wees in ander sensitiewe omgewings met soortgelyke uitdagings. Na mierbeheer is die mier-dopluis mutualisme ontkoppel en die Pu. urbicola bevolking het drasties verminder. Daar was verskillende reaksies in verskillende taxa tot die verwydering van die oorvloedryke eksotiese spesies, maar die belangrikste reaksie was die herstel van Pisonia bome. Spruittoestand en blaardigtheid het verbeter en daar was ʼn afname in roetskimmel. Herbivorie op Pisonia het toegeneem as gevolg van ʼn herstel in inheemse herbivore, maar die algehele impak was veel minder as dié van die eksotiese dopluis. Grondoppervlak gelidpotiges, 'n groep wat kwesbaar kon wees vir die behandelingsmetode, was onaangeraak deur die lokaas, maar het beduidend na mierverwydering vermeerder. Mierdiversiteit het vermeerder en die Seychelles endemiese mier Pheidole flavens farquharensis is hervestig. Ander gelidpotiges het ook vermeerder, insluitend funksioneel belangrike spesies soos die Indiese kakkerlak. Natuurlike vyande wat geassosieer was met die mutualiste is beïnvloed deur die mierbestuur. Predatore van dopluis het beduidend toegeneem na mierverwydering en was hoogs betrokke by die vermindering van dopluis, terwyl parasiete van dopluis, wat voordeel getrek het uit die mutualisme, gedaal het. Daarbenewens is groepe wat onverwant was aan die mutualisme indirek beïnvloed deur mierbestuur. Die algehele natuurlike vyand gemeenskap het herstel na pre-indringing toestand. Die studie toon hoe wydverbind en invloedryk die mier was in die ekosisteem. Dit beklemtoon die bedreiging van die spesies in natuurlike stelsels asook die komplekse reaksies wat uitheemse mierverwydering volg. Tog demonstreer dit die potensiaal om die spesies veilig en doeltreffend te bestuur, en sodoende die geleentheid vir ekosisteemherstel te skep.
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Meffin, Ross. "Invasion success and impacts of Hieracium lepidulum in a New Zealand tussock grassland and montane forest." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1808.
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Invasive species represent a major concern; they can result in serious ecological and economic losses and are recognised as one of the most serious threats to global species diversity. Plant invasions are of particular concern in New Zealand, which has high proportions of both naturalised and endemic plant species. In this thesis I focussed on the invasive plant Hieracium lepidulum, an exotic weed introduced from Europe to New Zealand prior to 1941. It is invasive in a variety of habitats in the South Island, where it has steadily increased in distribution and abundance over the last 50 years, and is thought to have detrimental impacts on native plant communities. I investigated factors influencing its invasion success and tested for impacts on native plant communities, making extensive use of existing plots into which H. lepidulum was experimentally introduced in 2003. I examined how community richness, turnover, resource availability and propagule pressure of the invader interacted to determine the invasion success of H. lepidulum. Results differed markedly above and below treeline. Above treeline, plots with higher richness and turnover were more invaded; below treeline, plots with higher available light were more invaded. In both habitats, these findings were modified by the influence of propagule pressure; at low propagule pressure, site characteristics were non-significant in explaining invasion success, while at higher propagule pressure these effects became significant. To test for impacts resulting in altered community composition and structure, I looked for changes in community richness, diversity and evenness subsequent to H. lepidulum introduction. As impacts may be more apparent at fine spatial scales, I made measurements at a 5 x 5 cm cell scale in addition to the established 30 x 30 cm plot scale. Plot species richness increased from 2003 to 2009 and a component of this increase was associated with H. lepidulum density. Other relationships between the plant community and H. lepidulum were generally non-significant. Results showed that H. lepidulum has had no negative effects on community richness, evenness or diversity. Despite being able to opportunistically colonise grassland sites with high turnover, and forest sites subject to canopy disturbance, dependant on propagule pressure, it appears H. lepidulum has not impacted community composition or structure.
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Le, Yannou-Cateine Maureen. "La myrmécochorie en nouvelle-Calédonie : importance du contexte et impact des fourmis introduites sur ce service." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NCAL0007/document.
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La biosphère traverse une crise de biodiversité pour laquelle les milieux insulaires sont l’épicentre. Les invasions biologiques y constituent l’un des principaux facteurs de forçage, notamment du point de vue de l’altération des mutualismes, pour le fonctionnement et le maintien des écosystèmes. Durant notre travail en Nouvelle-Calédonie, nous nous sommes intéressés à un groupe clé de voute pour le fonctionnement des écosystèmes, les fourmis, et leur implication vis-à-vis de la dispersion de graines (myrmécochorie). Nous avons réalisé la première identification de plantes autochtones myrmécochores, avec une prépondérance des espèces sur substrats ultramafiques. Puis, nous avons testé la dispersion par les fourmis sur ces substrats. Après avoir caractérisé les communautés selon un gradient de perturbation anthropique, nous avons évalué la dispersion et la contribution des fourmis invasives à ce service par rapport aux fourmis natives. Ainsi, Solenopsis geminata semble capable d'une meilleure dispersion que les espèces natives. A contrario, Wasmannia auropunctata exclue les espèces natives sans assurer de dispersion efficace. Dans le contexte d’un régime de perturbations intense, nos travaux illustrent une communauté néo-assemblée de fourmis, dominée par des exotiques dont certaines pourraient assurer un relai de fonction pour la dynamique des maquis. Nos travaux illustrent la « contexte dépendance » des impacts d’espèces invasives en fonction du niveau de perturbation anthropique. Ils permettent de discuter la contribution possible de ces fourmis pour la restauration après perturbation sur substrats ultramafiques, voire de leur valorisation en ingénierie écologiqueThe biosphere is experiencing a biodiversity crisis, which for islands are the epicenter. Biological invasions are there, one of the main drivers, especially regarding the alteration of mutualistic relationships for the functioning and the maintenance of ecosystems. Thus, during our work in New Caledonia, we focused on a key group for ecosystem functions: ants, and their involvement in seed dispersal (myrmecochory). We carried out the first assessment of this mutualism in New Caledonia with the identification of indigenous myrmechorous plants, with a preponderance of species on ultramafic soils. Then, we evaluated the magnitude of seed dispersal by ants on these soils. After the characterisation of ant communities across an anthropic disturbance gradient, we evaluated seed dispersal capabilities of exotic ant compared to native ones. Solenopsis geminata appears to offer a more efficient seed dispersal than natives. On the other hand, Wasmannia auropunctata excludes native species without ensuring effective dispersal. In the context of an intense disturbance regime, our work illustrates a neo-assembled community of ants, dominated by exotic ones, some of which could provide a function relay with respect to maintaining the dynamic of maquis. Our work illustrates the “context dependency” of invasive species’ impacts as a function of anthropogenic disturbance’s level. It also discusses the possible contribution of these ants in a context of restoration after disturbance of habitats on ultramafic substrates, or even their use in ecological engineering program
Books on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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Vilà, Montserrat, and Philip E. Hulme, eds. Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3.
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Blanco, Joaquín J., and Adrian T. Fernandes. Invasive species: Threats, ecological impact and control methods. New Tork: Nova Science, 2012.
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The impact of aquatic invasive species on the Great Lakes: Hearing before the Subcommittees on Water Resources and Environment of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, March 7, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009.
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Waterman, Rebecca. Biological invasions: Patterns, management, and economic impacts. New York: Nova Publishers, 2015.
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Segovia, Alma Orozco. Especies invasoras: Su impacto sobre las comunidades bióticas. México, D.F: Pronatura, 1993.
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Carlton, James T. Introduced species in U.S. coastal waters: Environmental impacts and management priorities. Arlington, Va: Pew Oceans Commission, 2001.
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Carlton, James T. Introduced species in U.S. coastal waters: Environmental impacts and management priorities. Arlington, Va: Pew Oceans Commission, 2001.
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W, Cox George. Alien species in North America and Hawaii: Impacts on natural ecosystems. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 1999.
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Weijden, Wouter van der. Biological globalisation: Bio-invasions and their impacts on nature, the economy and public health. Utrecht: KNNV Publishing, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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Catford, Jane A. "Hydrological Impacts of Biological Invasions." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 63–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_5.
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Booy, Olaf, Lucy Cornwell, Dave Parrott, Mike Sutton-Croft, and Frances Williams. "Impact of Biological Invasions on Infrastructure." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 235–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_15.
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Hengeveld, Rob. "Modelling the Impact of Biological Invasions." In Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 127–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_8.
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Wood, Louisa E., Kate Dey, Charlotte Clubley, Adam Kennerley, James Guilder, Emily R. C. Smith, and Ewan Trégarot. "The Impact of Invasive Aquatic Animals on Tourism and Recreation." In Tourism, Recreation and Biological Invasions, 109–19. GB: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620544.0012.
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O’Connor, Timothy G., and Brian W. van Wilgen. "The Impact of Invasive Alien Plants on Rangelands in South Africa." In Biological Invasions in South Africa, 459–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_16.
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Myers, Judith H., and Jenny S. Cory. "Biological Control Agents: Invasive Species or Valuable Solutions?" In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 191–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_12.
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Vilà, Montserrat, and Philip E. Hulme. "Non-native Species, Ecosystem Services, and Human Well-Being." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_1.
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Pyšek, Petr, Tim M. Blackburn, Emili García-Berthou, Irena Perglová, and Wolfgang Rabitsch. "Displacement and Local Extinction of Native and Endemic Species." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 157–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_10.
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Morand, Serge. "Infections and Diseases in Wildlife by Non-native Organisms." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 177–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_11.
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Morales, Carolina L., Agustín Sáez, Lucas A. Garibaldi, and Marcelo A. Aizen. "Disruption of Pollination Services by Invasive Pollinator Species." In Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services, 203–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45121-3_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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Protasov, A., A. Sylaieva, T. Novoselova, and I. Morozovskaya. "Benthic and periphytic invertebrate contour groups in techno-ecosystems of power plants of Ukraine." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.10.
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Based on many years of research experience of water techno-ecosystems of thermal and nuclear power plants a brief review of the main patterns of formation of the composition, cenotic structure, elements of the functional organization of benthos and periphyton communities was made. It was shown that the composition of zoobenthos and zooperiphyton in some cooling ponds, other technical water bodies and watercourses was quite rich. In addition, due to the rather intensive invasive process, the list of taxa is constantly expanding. Species of tropical and subtropical origin have been recorded. Of particular importance is the invasion of species that may be the cause of bio-hindrances in the operation of power plant equipment. Techno-ecosystems have been studied to varying degrees. One of the most studied for a long time are the cooling ponds of Khmelnitsky and Chernobyl nuclear power plants. Hydrobiological research and monitoring at the first one has been carried out for more than 20 years. It was found that the influence of biotic invasion (invasion of Dreissenidae) may have a significant impact, comparable to extreme technogenic factors, on both the ecosystem and technical water supply facilities. The stages of contourisation and decontourisation processes in the Khmelnitsky NPP techno-ecosystem were established. At the Chernobyl NPP cooling pond, studies were carried out during all periods of the existence of the reservoir and the power plant, until the process of uncontrolled pond descent and transforming it into a unique wetland. Based on the obtained data, practical recommendations relating to the organization of hydrobiological and environmental monitoring, as well as reducing biological hindrances and improving the reliability of power plant equipment have been developed.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b93942cc882.47943475.
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Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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Aleksandrov, Sergey, Sergey Aleksandrov, Julia Gorbunova, and Julia Gorbunova. "CLIMATE CHANGE: HOW DOES THIS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE LAGOON OF THE BALTIC SEA?" In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b4316a72251.
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Lagoons are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to impacts of natural environmental and anthropogenic factors. The Curonian and Vistula Lagoons are one of the largest lagoons of Europe. The Curonian Lagoon is choke mostly freshwater, while the Vistula Lagoon is restricted brackish water. Hydrological, chemical and biological researches were carried out monthly since 1991 to 2014. Reductions of nutrients loading in 1990s did not result in improvement of the ecological situation. Hydrological and chemical parameters are the main factors that influence on the algal blooms and ecosystem health in these lagoons. The Curonian Lagoon may be characterized as hypertrophic water body with "poor" water quality. Climate change in 1990s-2010s combined with other factors (freshwater, slow-flow exchange, high nutrients concentrations) creates conditions for Cyanobacteria “hyperblooms”. Harmful algal blooms result in deterioration of the water chemical parameters and death of fish. "Hyperblooms" is the most dangerous for coastal towns and tourist resorts (UNESCO National Park "Curonian Spit"). Climate change in 1990s-2000s have been also observed in Vistula Lagoons (mean annual temperature increased by 1.4°C for 40 years), but brackish water prevent harmful algal hyperblooms. After the invasion of the filter-feeding mollusk Rangia water quality was significantly improved in 2011-2014, but ecosystem productivity remained at a stable long-term level.
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"Vulvar cancer: Patterns of recurrence and clinicopathological prognostic factors involved in recurrent cases." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685347.
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Objective: Vulvar cancer is a rare disease, with an incidence of 0.6% of all female malignancies. With the advances in management of carcinoma vulva to individualisation of treatment to reduce the psychosexual impact an aggressive treatment can have, it is imperative to understand the patterns of recurrence and the common prognostic factors involved. The aim of this study was to determine prognostic variables for recurrence and survival and to identify patterns of recurrence in patients with vulvar cancer. Materials and Methods: All patients (n=87) with primary vulvar cancer treated at the Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute between January, 2006 to January, 2015 who underwent surgery were retrospectively analysed regarding the prognostic relevance of different clinicopathological variables. Recurrences were evaluated with regard to their characteristics and localisation and the variables associated with them were analyzed. Results: Age, stage of tumor, size of tumor, location of tumor (central or lateral), lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion and involvement of resection margins, associated intraepithelial abnormality predicted disease-free and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, lymph node status and positive margin status was the most important independent prognostic factor (p = 0.002). Irrespective of the initial nodal involvement, recurrences occurred primarily in the vulvar region. Conclusion: Inguinofemoral lymph node status and adequate margins at initial diagnosis is of critical prognostic importance for patients with vulvar cancer. Further tumour biological characteristics need to be identified to stratify patients with nodal involvement for adjuvant radiotherapy of the vulva to prevent local recurrences.
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Gabriela Ene, Alexandra, Emilia Visileanu, Stelian Sergiu Maier, Diana Popescu, and Alina Vladu. "Functionalized multilayer structures for burns treatment." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002686.
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Wound healing is a multiphase and multifactorial physiological process. The complexity of this phenomenon makes the healing process very difficult and painful due to several abnormalities. Apart from cellular and biochemical components, a number of external pathways also become active during repair and help the tissue to heal. Wound dressing is one of the main external effectors during the healing process of wounds. Wound is the disruption of the integrity of anatomical tissues caused by exposure to any factor [1-2]. The following characteristics are required for ideal modern wound dressings: bio-adhesiveness to the wound surface, ease of applications, easily sterilised inhibition of bacterial invasion, biodegradability, oxygen permeability, nontoxic, etc [3]. The balance between contraction and wound closure depends on the depth and location of the wound and the presence of complications, such as infection which could impair healing [4]. As a response to this problematic issue, as primary or secondary dressing, complex composites matrix for hemostasis and connective tissue regeneration were developed. The three-layered structure consists of outer layer I which plays the role of carrier, insulator and protector of the underlying layers, being elastic, resistant and submicro-porous (to block the physical access of microorganisms to the lesion), layer II – has the purpose of managing the liquid compositions in the lesion area, macroporous and compressible, with open pores and high tortuosity and layer III - impermeable substrate - non-adherent, biologically inert and microporous. The statistical indicators of the defining variables for each variant of textile structures (intended for layers I and III) are calculated, the histograms, the box plot graphs and the interactive spatial graphs, in the form of band type graphs are drawn. The obtaining of the substrate (II) based on hydrogel included an experimental plan with correlated factors, of the laticeal simplex type A {q, m}, with three factors (q=3) and four discretization intervals on the axes of the major simplex (m=4). The experimental matrix of the plan (dosed mass fractions) was designed, as well as the components of the mixtures. The plan was tested for optimality in D and A criteria. The measured experimental response was the apparent density of the hydrogel. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the textile structures was performed using standardized strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The biocompatibility assessment of textile supports for layers I and III was performed by MTT viability test and the LDH cell integrity test. The in vitro study for testing the biocompatibility of the functionalized multilayer matrix showed that they are biocompatible because the phenomenon of cell adhesion was present, regardless of the cell line used. In vivo testing according to ISO 10993-6 used the model of thermal burn injury on white rats (Wistar albino). The treated rats showed a rate of rapid healing and at 7 days of treatment the closure of the wound was observed between 40% - 60%, with areas of tissue regeneration. Inhibition of the invasion of exogenous microorganisms has been noted.
Reports on the topic "Biological invasions impact"
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McClees, Whitney. Anthropogenic Effects on the Fouling Community: Impacts of Biological Invasions and Anthropogenic Structures on Community Structure. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5771.
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Harms, Nathan, Judy Shearer, James Cronin, and John Gaskin. Geographic and genetic variation in susceptibility of Butomus umbellatus to foliar fungal pathogens. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41662.
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Large-scale patterns of plant invasions may reflect regional heterogeneity in biotic and abiotic factors and genetic variation within and between invading populations. Having information on how effects of biotic resistance vary spatially can be especially important when implementing biological control because introduced agents may have different Impacts through interactions with host-plant genotype, local environment, or other novel enemies. We conducted a series of field surveys and laboratory studies to determine whether there was evidence of biotic resistance, as foliar fungal pathogens, in two introduced genotypes (triploid G1, diploid G4) of the Eurasian wetland weed, Butomus umbellatus L. in the USA. We tested whether genotypes differed in disease attack and whether spatial patterns in disease incidence were related to geographic location or climate for either genotype. After accounting for location (latitude, climate), G1 plants had lower disease incidence than G4 plants in the field (38% vs. 70%) but similar pathogen richness. In contrast, bioassays revealed G1 plants consistently received a higher damage score and had larger leaf lesions regardless of pathogen. These results demonstrate that two widespread B. umbellatus genotypes exhibit different susceptibility to pathogens and effectiveness of pathogen biological controls may depend on local conditions.