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Saito, Toshikazu, Yoshinari Katamura, Hiroki Ozawa, Shinichi Hatta, and Naohiko Takahata. "Platelet GTP-binding protein in long-term abstinent alcoholics with an alcoholic first-degree relative." Biological Psychiatry 36, no. 7 (October 1994): 495–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(94)90650-5.
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SOBCZAK, S., W. J. RIEDEL, I. BOOIJ, M. AAN HET ROT, N. E. P. DEUTZ, and A. HONIG. "Cognition following acute tryptophan depletion: difference between first-degree relatives of bipolar disorder patients and matched healthy control volunteers." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 3 (April 2002): 503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005342.
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Background. Serotonergic circuits have been proposed to mediate cognitive processes, particularly learning and memory. Cognitive impairment is often seen in bipolar disorders in relation to a possible lowered serotonergic turnover.Methods. We investigated the effects of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) on cognitive performance in healthy first-degree relatives of bipolar patients (FH) (N = 30) and matched controls (N = 15) in a placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over design. Performance on planning, memory and attention tasks were assessed at baseline and 5 h after ATD.Results. Following ATD, speed of information processing on the planning task was impaired in the FH group but not in the control group. FH subjects with a bipolar disorder type I relative (FH I) showed impairments in planning and memory, independent of ATD. In all subjects, ATD impaired long-term memory performance and speed of information processing. ATD did not affect short-term memory and focused and divided attention.Conclusions. The results suggest serotonergic vulnerability affecting frontal lobe areas in FH subjects, indicated by impaired planning. Biological vulnerability in FH I subjects is reflected in impaired planning and memory performance. In conclusion, the cognitive dysfunctions in FH subjects indicate an endophenotype constituting a possible biological marker in bipolar psychopathology. Serotonin appears to be involved in speed of information processing, verbal and visual memory and learning processes.
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Raygoza Garay, J., W. Turpin, M. Smith, A. Goethel, D. S. Guttman, and K. Croitoru. "A17 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOST INFLAMMATION-RELATED PROTEOMICS AND GUT MICROBIOME IN HEALTHY FIRST-DEGREE RELATIVES OF CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 3, Supplement_1 (February 2020): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwz047.016.
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Abstract Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been suggested that the cause of CD is due to microbial and environmental factors that induce an imbalance of the immune system in genetically susceptible individuals. The Genetic Environmental Microbial (GEM) Project is a prospective study of asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDR) of CD patients, recruited to understand the biological and environmental determinants of disease development. Aims Here, we aim to define the relationships between the host inflammation-related proteomics and gut microbiome composition in a cohort of 320 healthy CD FDRs at the time of recruitment. Methods We measured 92 inflammation-related serum proteins using the Olink® ’Inflammation’ proteomics panel. Stool microbial composition was determined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA. To assess the relationship between serum protein levels and the relative abundance of microbial taxa, we used a zero-inflated two-part regression model corrected for multiple-comparisons (significant association at p< 2.75 × 10–4). Results We found fifteen serum proteins that were each significantly associated with the relative abundances of one to five genera or families, depending on the analyte. Of particular interest to CD, the relative abundance of both TNF-β and LIGHT (TNFSF14) were negatively associated with the relative abundance of bacteria in the Parabacteroides genus. Both TNF-β and LIGHT are members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family of cytokines with roles in mucosal healing, IgA production, and in control of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). These processes have been hypothesized to have critical roles in CD pathology. Interestingly, prior work also demonstrates that Parabacteroides distasonis enhanced colitis in a mouse model and was isolated from a gut wall-cavitating microlesion in a patient with severe CD. Other inflammation-related proteins with significant taxa associations include IL-2, IL-33, OSM, 4E_BP1, IL-1α, ARTN, AXIN1, and CDCP1. Conclusions This study highlights the associations between inflammation associated proteomics and gut microbial taxa in asymptomatic FDRs of CD patients. The mechanisms explaining this association will require further analysis. Funding Agencies CCC The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
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Temgoua, Mazou Ngou, Gloria Ashuntantang, Marie José Essi, Joël Nouktadie Tochie, Moussa Oumarou, Acho Fon Abongwa, Aimé Mbonda, and Samuel Kingue. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in Family Relatives of a Cameroonian Population of Hemodialysis Patients: A CrossSectional Study." Hospital Practices and Research 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.02.
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Background: In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the trend in the number of patients admitted for maintenance hemodialysis is on the rise. The identification of risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) ensures adequate primary and secondary preventive measures geared at reducing the burden of CKD in low-resource settings. A family history of CKD is an established risk factor for CKD in high-income countries. However, data on family predisposition to CKD is scarce in the literature on SSA. Objective: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of CKD in family relatives of a Cameroonian population of hemodialysis patients (HDP) followed-up in a major hemodialysis referral center in Cameroon. Methods: The current cross-sectional study was conducted over four months on a consecutive sample of first-degree family relatives of end-stage renal disease patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at the hemodialysis unit of the General Hospital of Yaoundé. For each participating family relative, socio-demographic characteristics, clinical data, and biological data including fasting blood glucose, proteinuria, and serum creatinine were collected. Results: A total of 82 first-degree family relatives of HDP were recruited. The prevalence of CKD among the participants was 15.8%. The main identified risk factors for CKD were age (P = 0.0015), female gender (P = 0.0357), hypertension (P = 0.0004), regular intake of herbal remedies (P = 0.0214), and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.0019). Conclusion: Overall, the current findings suggest an urgent need for population education, routine screening of CKD, and the identification of risk factors in first-degree family relatives of HDP in Cameroon.
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Saloua, Bentaibi, Rahou Abdelilah, Chillasse Lahsen, Hammada Soumaya, and Abba Elhassan. "Evaluation of Biological Water Quality by Biological Macrophytic Index in River: Application on the Watershed of Beht River." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 27 (September 30, 2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n27p217.
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The Biological macrophytic Index for River (IBMR) is based on the examination of aquatic plants (macrophytes) to determine the river quality, particularly its degree of eutrophication linked to nitrogen content and phosphorus in water . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological quality of a Moroccan river through the IBMR in view to integrate it into the monitoring programs of water quality. Indeed, this method of assessment of biological water quality is under development and adaptation to the Moroccan hydro-biological context. Beht River on which we selected 13 stations, the quality was evaluated during a first sampling campaign in 2014. The results show a good representation of the trophic status of stations relative to environmental conditions of the environment such as the types of wastes, agricultural and other activities. Indeed, the stations with a strong trophic level often come downstream urban areas or near farms. The low average index values correspond to stations with little to very little polluting activities.
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Scheftner, William A., Michael A. Young, Jean Endicott, William Coryell, Louis Fogg, David C. Clark, and Jan Fawcett. "Family History and Five-year Suicide Risk." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 6 (December 1988): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.6.805.
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Family history was examined to determine whether suicide in index patients is associated with suicidal behaviour or mental disorder in their first-degree relatives. Twenty-seven suicides occurred within 5½ years among 955 affectively disordered probands. Among 5042 proband relatives aged 18 years and older, 44 had committed suicide prior to proband entry to the study; however, only one was the relative of a proband suicide. Only two of the relatives who committed suicide were themselves related. As to attempted suicide of relatives, neither the number of attempts nor the severity of attempt was predictive of suicide in probands. Comparison of diagnosis between groups of relatives showed more drug abuse among relatives of proband suicides; this appears to be related to drug abuse among the proband suicides themselves. In contrast to the clustering of suicides within biological families found in other research, these data do not support the use of family history as a clinically useful indicator of suicidal potential in affectively disordered probands.
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Eriksson, Hanna, Karin Wirdefeldt, Signild Åsberg, and Johan Zelano. "Family history increases the risk of late seizures after stroke." Neurology 93, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): e1964-e1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008522.
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ObjectiveTo assess the association between a family history of epilepsy and risk of late poststroke seizures (LPS).MethodsThis register-based cohort study was based on adult patients from the Swedish Stroke Register (Riksstroke) with stroke from 2001 to 2012 and no prior epilepsy. LPS (>7 days after stroke) and epilepsy were ascertained in cases and in their first-degree biological relatives by cross-referencing Riksstroke, the Multi-Generation Register, and the National Patient Register.ResultsOf 86,550 patients with stroke, a family history of epilepsy was detected in 7,433 (8.6%), and LPS (>7 days after stroke) occurred in 7,307 (8.4%). The survival-adjusted risk of LPS was higher in patients with compared to those without a family history of epilepsy: 6.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2%–7.4%) vs 5.9% (95% CI 5.7%–6.1%) at 2 years and 9.5% (95% CI 8.7%–10.3%) vs 8.2% (95% CI 8.0%–8.4%) at 5 years. In a Cox model adjusted for age, sex, and stroke type, the hazard ratio (HR) for LPS in patients with stroke with ≥1 relative with epilepsy was 1.18 (95% CI 1.09–1.28). The increased HR remained significant with adjustments for stroke severity and in multiple sensitivity analyses. A higher risk for patients with stroke with >1 relative with epilepsy was also seen but was not significant in all Cox models.ConclusionsAlthough stroke characteristics remain the most important risk factors for LPS, having a first-degree relative with epilepsy also increases the risk in a multivariate analysis. The findings highlight the need for family history assessment in patients with stroke and the need for future studies on genetic vulnerability and environmental factors that may aid in the identification of at-risk individuals.
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González Muñoza, C., M. Calafat, J. P. Gisbert, E. Iglesias, M. Minguez, B. Sicilia, M. Esteve, et al. "P654 Clinical outcomes in familial versus sporadic inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed in the era of biological therapies. Prospective data from the ENEIDA registry." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.775.
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Abstract Background It has been reported that familial aggregation occurs in 10–20% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients1. Familial IBD has been associated with disease anticipation2 and with an increased need for immunosuppressants3 and surgery4. However, most studies were performed before the widespread use of biological agents and this may impact on the need for surgery. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of IBD (by means of the need for biological therapy and abdominal surgery) between familial and sporadic forms of IBD in the era of biological therapies. Methods Data were extracted from the ENEIDA registry by GETECCU, a Spanish, prospectively-maintained, IBD database in which more than 80 centers are participating. Only adult patients diagnosed with IBD since 2005 and prospectively followed in the registry since diagnosis were included. Familial IBD was defined as those cases with at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with IBD. Sporadic IBD was defined as those cases with no familial relative (of any degree) with IBD. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed to evaluate the cumulative probabilities of remaining biologic-free and surgery-free. Log-rank test was performed to compare them between familial and sporadic IBD forms. Chi-square test was performed for the rest of variables. Results A total of 5,263 patients (2,627 Crohn’s disease [CD]; 2,636 ulcerative colitis [UC]) were included. Of them, 507 (10%) were familial cases (274 CD, 233 UC; P=0.05). The median follow-up was 38,4 and 35.5 months, respectively (P=0.086). Familial cases were younger (P=0.022) and had a higher proportion of females among UC cases (P=0.048). No differences were observed in the need for biological therapy in both CD and UC between familial and sporadic IBD. Regarding surgery, no differences were observed in the cumulative probabilities of a first intestinal resection for CD and colectomy for UC. Similar results were obtained when all the analyses were restricted to those subgroups at high-risk for surgery (i.e. CD with ileal involvement and extensive UC). Conclusion In patients diagnosed with IBD in the era of biological therapies, familial forms have the same requirements for biological agents and resectional surgery as sporadic forms. Therefore, familial aggregation does not seem to be a factor for a more aggressive disease.
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Devkota, Bishnu P., and E. Armbrecht. "Two years' observational study of racial difference of breast cancer in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital serving indigent population." Health Renaissance 11, no. 2 (June 19, 2013): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8215.
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy after non-melanoma skin cancers and second highest cause of cancer deaths (after lung cancer) in females. Objective: To assess racial difference of breast cancer in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital serving indigent population. Methods: Medical records of 119 Caucasians and 146 African American women with pathologically proven breast cancer who were admitted in a tertiary care hospital serving the indigent population from January 2004 to December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. Analysis of Variance was performed for within and between group differences using SPSS 19. Results: Our study showed that mean age of cancer diagnosis was much earlier (47.6 years) in white women whose second degree relatives have breast cancer than those women whose first degree relatives have breast cancer (58.6 years). However, in the black women this differencewas not observed (p value for white is 0.002 but for black it was 0 .94). Conclusion: Family history of women with breast cancer in this study showed history of breast cancer in a second degree female relative increased the risk of breast cancer in white women; positive history was associated with earlier age of onset of the disease. We suggest future studies should look into genetic and biological markers in the second generation family members for increased risk of breast cancer. Health Renaissance, January-April 2013; Vol. 11 No.1; 102-106 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i2.8215
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Miklowitz, David J., and Kiki D. Chang. "Prevention of bipolar disorder in at-risk children: Theoretical assumptions and empirical foundations." Development and Psychopathology 20, no. 3 (2008): 881–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000424.
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AbstractThis article examines how bipolar symptoms emerge during development, and the potential role of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions in the prevention of the onset of the disorder. Early signs of bipolarity can be observed among children of bipolar parents and often take the form of subsyndromal presentations (e.g., mood lability, episodic elation or irritability, depression, inattention, and psychosocial impairment). However, many of these early presentations are diagnostically nonspecific. The few studies that have followed at-risk youth into adulthood find developmental discontinuities from childhood to adulthood. Biological markers (e.g., amygdalar volume) may ultimately increase our accuracy in identifying children who later develop bipolar I disorder, but few such markers have been identified. Stress, in the form of childhood adversity or highly conflictual families, is not a diagnostically specific causal agent but does place genetically and biologically vulnerable individuals at risk for a more pernicious course of illness. A preventative family-focused treatment for children with (a) at least one first-degree relative with bipolar disorder and (b) subsyndromal signs of bipolar disorder is described. This model attempts to address the multiple interactions of psychosocial and biological risk factors in the onset and course of bipolar disorder.
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Bellard, C., P. Genovesi, and J. M. Jeschke. "Global patterns in threats to vertebrates by biological invasions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1823 (January 27, 2016): 20152454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2454.
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Biological invasions as drivers of biodiversity loss have recently been challenged. Fundamentally, we must know where species that are threatened by invasive alien species (IAS) live, and the degree to which they are threatened. We report the first study linking 1372 vertebrates threatened by more than 200 IAS from the completely revised Global Invasive Species Database. New maps of the vulnerability of threatened vertebrates to IAS permit assessments of whether IAS have a major influence on biodiversity, and if so, which taxonomic groups are threatened and where they are threatened. We found that centres of IAS-threatened vertebrates are concentrated in the Americas, India, Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand. The areas in which IAS-threatened species are located do not fully match the current hotspots of invasions, or the current hotspots of threatened species. The relative importance of biological invasions as drivers of biodiversity loss clearly varies across regions and taxa, and changes over time, with mammals from India, Indonesia, Australia and Europe are increasingly being threatened by IAS. The chytrid fungus primarily threatens amphibians, whereas invasive mammals primarily threaten other vertebrates. The differences in IAS threats between regions and taxa can help efficiently target IAS, which is essential for achieving the Strategic Plan 2020 of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
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Mead, Chris, K. Supriya, Yi Zheng, Ariel D. Anbar, James P. Collins, Paul LePore, and Sara E. Brownell. "Online biology degree program broadens access for women, first-generation to college, and low-income students, but grade disparities remain." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): e0243916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243916.
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Online education has grown rapidly in recent years with many universities now offering fully online degree programs even in STEM disciplines. These programs have the potential to broaden access to STEM degrees for people with social identities currently underrepresented in STEM. Here, we ask to what extent is that potential realized in terms of student enrollment and grades for a fully online degree program. Our analysis of data from more than 10,000 course-enrollments compares student demographics and course grades in a fully online biology degree program to demographics and grades in an equivalent in-person biology degree program at the same university. We find that women, first-generation to college students and students eligible for federal Pell grants constitute a larger proportion of students in the online program compared to the in-person mode. However, the online mode of instruction is associated with lower course grades relative to the in-person mode. Moreover, African American/Black, Hispanic/Latinx, Native American, and Pacific Islander students as well as federal Pell grant eligible students earned lower grades than white students and non-Pell grant eligible students, respectively, but the grade disparities were similar among both in-person and online student groups. Finally, we find that grade disparities between men and women are larger online compared to in-person, but that for first-generation to college women, the online mode of instruction is associated with little to no grade gap compared to continuing generation women. Our findings indicate that although this online degree program broadens access for some student populations, inequities in the experience remain and need to be addressed in order for online education to achieve its inclusive mission.
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Magugu, John W., Song Feng, Qiuqiong Huang, Yongjun Zhang, and Grant H. West. "Analysis of future climate scenarios and their impact on agriculture in eastern Arkansas, United States." Journal of Water and Land Development 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0029.
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Abstract Impact of climate change on crop growth is dynamic and difficult to quantify due to heterogeneity of the associated effects and their interactions within the Earth system. The main objective of this study is to establish how future climate change might affect agriculture, through an assessment of temperature and precipitation driven parameters. These include percentage number of rainy days with extreme precipitation, percentage of extreme precipitation relative to wet days, first fall frost days, last spring frost days, growing degree days, growing season length and the total precipitation. Results show modest increase in total precipitation with a slight increase in extreme precipitation, representing up to 2.2% increase by 2060 under representative concentration pathway (RCP 8.5) scenario. There would be late first fall frost days, early last spring frost days and increased growing season length by up to 2 weeks in 2060. The growing degree days are projected to increase under all scenarios for all crops, with cotton showing the largest increase of up to 37% relative to the baseline period.
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Tavares, Tamara Paulo, Derek G. V. Mitchell, Kristy KL Coleman, Brenda L. Coleman, Christen L. Shoesmith, Christopher R. Butler, Isabel Santana, et al. "Early symptoms in symptomatic and preclinical genetic frontotemporal lobar degeneration." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 9 (August 7, 2020): 975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-322987.
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ObjectivesThe clinical heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) complicates identification of biomarkers for clinical trials that may be sensitive during the prediagnostic stage. It is not known whether cognitive or behavioural changes during the preclinical period are predictive of genetic status or conversion to clinical FTD. The first objective was to evaluate the most frequent initial symptoms in patients with genetic FTD. The second objective was to evaluate whether preclinical mutation carriers demonstrate unique FTD-related symptoms relative to familial mutation non-carriers.MethodsThe current study used data from the Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Initiative multicentre cohort study collected between 2012 and 2018. Participants included symptomatic carriers (n=185) of a pathogenic mutation in chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72), progranulin (GRN) or microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and their first-degree biological family members (n=588). Symptom endorsement was documented using informant and clinician-rated scales.ResultsThe most frequently endorsed initial symptoms among symptomatic patients were apathy (23%), disinhibition (18%), memory impairments (12%), decreased fluency (8%) and impaired articulation (5%). Predominant first symptoms were usually discordant between family members. Relative to biologically related non-carriers, preclinical MAPT carriers endorsed worse mood and sleep symptoms, and C9orf72 carriers endorsed marginally greater abnormal behaviours. Preclinical GRN carriers endorsed less mood symptoms compared with non-carriers, and worse everyday skills.ConclusionPreclinical mutation carriers exhibited neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with non-carriers that may be considered as future clinical trial outcomes. Given the heterogeneity in symptoms, the detection of clinical transition to symptomatic FTD may be best captured by composite indices integrating the most common initial symptoms for each genetic group.
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Bayliss, Leo, Víctor Galvez, Adriana Ochoa-Morales, Mireya Chávez-Oliveros, Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo, Guillermo Delgado-García, and Marie Catherine Boll. "Theory of mind impairment in Huntington's disease patients and their relatives." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 77, no. 8 (August 2019): 574–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20190092.
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ABSTRACT Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Relatives of HD patients experience a great burden as the latter suffer from altered social conduct and deterioration of interpersonal relationships. Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states (to oneself and others). Deficits in ToM are thought to have a role in the changes in empathy and interpersonal difficulties that HD patients face. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to compare ToM task scores of patients with mild to moderate HD, their relatives (spouse or at-risk first-degree relative with a negative gene test) and controls.Individuals with dementia or depression were excluded. The ToM test battery included Spanish versions of the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Happé's Strange Stories (Social and Physical Stories subtests) and the Hinting Task. Results: The series comprised 12 HD patients, 12 relatives and 12 controls. The HD patients showed lower affective ToM scores than controls (RMET 19 [3.5] vs 23.9 [2.7], p = 0.016). Cognitive ToM tasks scores were lower in HD patients than controls as well (Happé's Social Stories 9 [2.6] vs 13 [1.9], p = 0.001; the Hinting Task 13.6 [3.4] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009). In the Hinting Task, HD relatives had lower scores in than controls (13 [3.2] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009) and similar scores to controls in the rest of the battery. Conclusion: The HD patients with mild to moderate disease severity and their relatives show ToM deficits.
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Churkova, B. "Influence of some bio-products on the biological and productive characteristics of bird’s foot trefoil grown for forage." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 29, no. 1 (2013): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1301123c.
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During the 2010-2012 period the influence of some bioproducts being mainly a combination of macro and micronutrients at different concentrations on the productivity, botanical and morphological composition of bird?s foot trefoil swards was studied. The experiment was carried out on the experimental field of the IMSA - Troyan by the completely randomized method with 4 replications and harvest plot size of 5 m2. Four bio-products phosphorus humate in dose of 3000 l/ha, boron humate (1600 l/ha) and molybdenum humate (1600 l/ha) and their combination phosphorus humate (2500 l/ha) + boron humate (1000 l/ha) + molybdenum humate (1000 l/ha) were studied. They were applied at the 2-4 leaf. The results showed that solely phosphorus humate had a positive influence, which increased the dry matter yield only by 8.7% and the results were not statistically significant.. It was found that the data had a unidirectional character with regard to the leafiness degree during the years as a result of the applied bio-fertilizers. Their application had a positive effect on the leafiness. The phosphorus humate showed a tendency to increase the relative portion of stems in the sward from the first to the third year. The kind of the applied bio-fertilizers was not of substantial importance to the degree of stem growth and botanical composition of the sward.
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Yardimci, G. K., B. Farisoğullari, E. C. Bolek, E. Bilgin, E. Duran, G. Ayan, Z. Özsoy, et al. "POS1004 BOTH SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS PATIENTS HAVE STRONG FAMILY HISTORIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 770.2–771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3330.
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Background:Family history is one of the hallmarks of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) [1, 2]. Some patients have a strong family history that more than 2 relatives have spondyloarthritis related diseases. The effects of strong family history on SpA features were not known very well.Objectives:The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of family history in SpA and PsA patients.Methods:HUR-BIO (Hacettepe University Biologic Registry) is a prospective, single center database of biological treatments since 2005, and to date 3071 SpA and 526 PsA patients have been recorded. Demographic, clinical characteristics, disease activity parameters, a detailed family history of SpA and SpA features (presence of SpA including PsA, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and uveitis) and laboratory data before anti-TNF treatments of the patients were noted.Results:2807 SpA (53.6% male) and 506 PsA (31.4% male) patients’ family history were available and analysed. A positive family history was noted in 27.6% of the SpA and 31.0% of the PsA patients (ns). 7.4% of the SpA patients and 8.9% of the PsA patients had family history in more than one relative (Table 1). In SpA patients with a family history, uveitis was more frequent than patients without (14.4% vs 10.6%, p=0.006). Except for a higher male predominance and uveitis (53% vs 32% p=0.006 and 9% vs 2% p=0.003 respectively) in patients with ≥2 relatives with SpA features, there were no differences in PsA patients regarding family history. The presence of family history and HLA-B27 (63.7% vs 37.6%, p<0.001) positivity were associated in SpA patients but not in PsA patients (31.2% vs 20.0, p=0.13).Conclusion:Family history was present in about one third of the patients of PsA and SpA. It is not uncommon for two or more family members to have a SpA feature. Presence of family history may be associated with some clinical conditions, such as uveitis.References:[1]Solmaz, D., et al., Impact of Having Family History of Psoriasis or Psoriatic Arthritis on Psoriatic Disease. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2020. 72(1): p. 63-68.[2]Zurita Prada, P.A., et al., Influence of smoking and obesity on treatment response in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a systematic literature review. Clin Rheumatol, 2020.Table 1.Family history in PsA and SpA patientsPsA (n=506)SpA (n=2807)≥ 1 family history, n (%)157 (31.0)774 (27.6)≥1 first-degree relative, n (%)114 (22.5)489 (17.4)≥2 first-degree relatives, n (%)21 (4.2)77 (2.7)≥2 relatives (both first- and second-degree), n (%)45 (8.9)208 (7.4)Family history •Psoriasis, n (%)120 (23.7)155 (5.5) •Psoriatic arthritis, n (%)14 (2.8)9 (0.3) •Spondyloarthritis, n (%)38 (7.5)643 (22.9) •Inflammatory bowel disease, n (%)1 (0.2)10 (0.4) •Uveitis, n (%)02 (0.1)Disclosure of Interests:None declared.
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Maslikov, V. P., Z. I. Legkodimova, V. V. Kiyashko, I. Yu Domnitsky, and Ya V. Alexandrov. "Fish-breeding, biological and production characteristics of first- and second-generation carp hybrids of breeding." Rybovodstvo i rybnoe hozjajstvo (Fish Breeding and Fisheries), no. 11 (November 20, 2022): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-09-2211-03.
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A comparative analysis of the fish-breeding and production characteristics of first- and second-generation carp hybrids obtained from crossing local mongrel females with males of the intra-breed type of the Moscow scaly pair carp was carried out. As a result of parallel cultivation of five variants of crossing carp to their puberty with further verification of breeding value for offspring, a promising hybrid (♀Me × M♂) was selected, with which breeding work was carried out for two generations. A comparison of the fish-breeding biological and production characteristics of twogeneration carp hybrids revealed the best indicators for all the parameters studied in the first generation, which, apparently, is associated with the phenomenon of heterosis. Producers of carp hybrids for three years of work with them (4–6-yearolds) had a more pronounced fertility in the production of oocytes in first-generation females, both in terms of working and relative fertility. As for males, there were no significant differences in the one-time volume of ejaculate, concentration and degree of sperm motility in hybrid individuals of two generations of carp in studies. The exterior indicators of carp hybrids according to the high-spin index in the first generation exceeded the same indicator in the second generation. The additional calculation carried out for the variation of the analyzed indicators revealed slightly lower values of the coefficient of variation in the second generation among different age groups of carp. This situation of the emerging tendency to decrease the spread of the analyzed indicators in relation to their average values can be explained by the effect of stabilizing selection in the second generation of the hybrid carp. According to the results of the study of the fish-breeding, biological and productive characteristics of two generations of carp hybrids, a return crossing with an improver breed (Moscow scaly) was performed.
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Cochrane, Ethan E., and Carl P. Lipo. "Phylogenetic analyses of Lapita decoration do not support branching evolution or regional population structure during colonization of Remote Oceania." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1559 (December 12, 2010): 3889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0091.
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Intricately decorated Lapita pottery (3100–2700 BP) was made and deposited by the prehistoric colonizers of Pacific islands, east of the main Solomon's chain. For decades, analyses of this pottery have focused on the ancestor–descendant relationships of populations and the relative degree of interaction across the region to explain similarities in Lapita decoration. Cladistic analyses, increasingly used to examine the evolutionary relationships of material culture assemblages, have not been conducted on Lapita artefacts. Here, we present the first cladistic analysis of Lapita pottery and note the difficulties in using cladistics to investigate datasets where a high degree of horizontal transmission and non-branching evolution may explain observed variation. We additionally present NeighborNet and phenetic distance network analyses to generate hypotheses that may account for Lapita decorative similarity.
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Joly, Marine, and Elke Zimmermann. "Do solitary foraging nocturnal mammals plan their routes?" Biology Letters 7, no. 4 (April 27, 2011): 638–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0258.
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Large-brained diurnal mammals with complex social systems are known to plan where and how to reach a resource, as shown by a systematic movement pattern analysis. We examined for the first time large-scale movement patterns of a solitary-ranging and small-brained mammal, the mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus ), by using the change-point test and a heuristic random travel model to get insight into foraging strategies and potential route-planning abilities. Mouse lemurs are small nocturnal primates inhabiting the seasonal dry deciduous forest in Madagascar. During the lean season with limited food availability, these lemurs rely on few stationary food resources. We radio-tracked seven lemurs and analysed their foraging patterns. First change-points coincided with out-of-sight keystone food resources. Travel paths were more efficient in detecting these resources than a heuristic random travel model within limits of estimated detection distance. Findings suggest that even nocturnal, solitary-ranging mammals with small brains plan their route to an out-of-sight target. Thus, similar ecological pressures may lead to comparable spatial cognitive skills irrespective of the degree of sociality or relative brain size.
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Razek, Adel. "Pertinence of Predictive Models as Regards the Behavior of Observed Biological and Artificial Phenomena." Athens Journal of Health and Medical Sciences 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhms.8-3-3.
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In this assessment, we have made an effort of synthesis on the role of theoretical and observational investigations in the analysis of the concepts and functioning of different natural biological and artificial phenomena. In this context, we pursued the objective of examining published works relating to the behavioral prediction of phenomena associated with its observation. We have examined examples from the literature concerning phenomena with known behaviors that associated to knowledge uncertainty as well as cases concerning phenomena with unknown and changing random behaviors linked to random uncertainty. The concerned cases are relative to brain functioning in neuroscience, modern smart industrial devices, and health care predictive endemic protocols. As predictive modeling is very concerned by the problematics relative to uncertainties that depend on the degree of matching in the link prediction-observation, we investigated first how to improve the model to match better the observation. Thus, we considered the case when the observed behavior and its model are contrasting, that implies the development of revised or amended models. Then we studied the case concerning the practice of modeling for the prediction of future behaviors of a phenomenon that is well known, and owning identified behavior. For such case, we illustrated the situation of prediction matched to observation operated in two cases. These are the Bayesian Brain theory in neuroscience and the Digital Twins industrial concept. The last investigated circumstance concerns the use of modeling for the prediction of future behaviors of a phenomenon that is not well known, or owning behavior varying arbitrary. For this situation, we studied contagion infections with an unknown mutant virus where the prediction task is very complicated and would be constrained only to adjust the principal clinical observation protocol. Keywords: prediction, observation, Bayesian, neuroscience, brain functioning, mutant virus
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Francis, G. L., M. Ross, F. J. Ballard, S. J. Milner, C. Senn, K. A. McNeil, J. C. Wallace, R. King, and J. R. E. Wells. "Novel recombinant fusion protein analogues of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I indicate the relative importance of IGF-binding protein and receptor binding for enhanced biological potency." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 8, no. 3 (June 1992): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0080213.
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ABSTRACT An efficient expression system in Escherichia coli for several biologically active insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) fusion peptide analogues is described. These novel IGF-I fusion protein analogues have properties that make them very useful reagents in the investigation of IGF-I action. The analogues comprise an IGF-I sequence and the first 11 amino acids of methionyl porcine growth hormone (pGH) and include [Met1]-pGH(1–11)-Val-Asn-IGF-I, which contains the authentic IGF-I sequence, and two analogues, [Met1]-pGH(1–11)-Val-Asn-[Gly3]-IGF-I and [Met1]-pGH(1–11)-Val-Asn-[Arg3]-IGF-I, where Glu3 in the human IGF-I sequence has been replaced by Gly or Arg respectively. The three peptides are referred to as Long IGF-I, Long [Gly3]-IGF-I or Long [Arg3]-IGF-I depending on the IGF-I sequence present. Production of the purified fusion peptides was aided by folding the reduced and denatured fusion peptide sequence under conditions that gave very high yields of biologically active product. Introduction of a hydrophobic N-terminal extension peptide appears to facilitate the correct folding of the IGF-I analogues compared with that obtained previously when folding normal-length IGFs. The biological activities of the IGF-I fusion peptides were compared with authentic IGF-I and the truncated analogue, des(1–3)IGF-I. In L6 rat myoblasts, all the analogues were more potent than authentic IGF-I in their abilities to stimulate protein and DNA synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown. In H35 hepatoma cells, where the IGFs act through the insulin receptor, the Long IGF-I analogues maintained a similar potency relative to IGF-I as was observed in the L6 myoblasts. The order of biological potency in cell lines secreting IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) into the medium was Long [Arg3]IGF-I-des(1–3)IGF-I>Long [Gly3]-IGF-I>Long IGF-I>IGF-I. In chicken embryo fibroblasts, a cell line that does not secrete detectable IGFBPs into the medium, Long [Arg3]-IGF-I, was less potent than IGF-I. Investigation of receptor and IGFBP association by these analogues reinforced our previous findings that N-terminal analogues of IGF-I show increased biological potency due to changes in the degree of their IGFBP interactions.
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Wehrwein, Erica A., Valerie S. VanRyn, and Kevin Kelly. "Degree requirements of physiology undergraduate programs in the Physiology Majors Interest Group." Advances in Physiology Education 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00179.2019.
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Physiology undergraduate degree programs operate in isolation relative to other biological science programs, with little to no understanding of how other institutions structure their course requirements and other degree requirements. The purpose of this report is to preliminarily describe the collective curriculum of physiology programs represented at the Physiology Majors Interest Group (P-MIG) annual meetings from 2018 to 2019. A short preconference survey was sent to attendees that inquired about degree requirements of their respective physiology programs. The requirement for Physiology I (69.2%) with laboratory (66.7%) and Anatomy I (57.1%) with laboratory (42.9%), or combined Anatomy and Physiology I (16.7%) and laboratory (18.2%), were common requirements, but many programs did not require Physiology II (27.3%) or Anatomy II (11.1%). There was nearly consensus on required prerequisites such as Biology (2 semesters with laboratories, 85.7%), Chemistry (2 semesters with laboratory, 88.9%), Physics (2 semesters with laboratory, 75%), Calculus I (61.1%), and Statistics (Biostatistics 42.9%; General Statistics 13.3%). There was less agreement among programs in regards to Calculus II (20.0%), Organic Chemistry (2 semesters, 55.6%), and Biochemistry I (47%), which may be reflective of individual department focus. There was considerable heterogeneity among physiology program course requirements for disciplinary core courses and upper division electives. This report is meant to generate discussion on physiology program curricula in efforts to improve physiology education for majors and assist P-MIG in determining minimal points of consensus as they write the first set of national curricular guidelines for degree programs.
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Frisell, Thomas, Saedis Saevarsdottir, and Johan Askling. "Does a family history of RA influence the clinical presentation and treatment response in RA?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, no. 6 (June 19, 2015): 1120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207670.
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ObjectivesTo assess whether family history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among the strongest risk factors for developing RA, also carries information on the clinical presentation and treatment response.MethodsThe prospective Swedish Rheumatology register was linked to family history of RA, defined as diagnosed RA in any first-degree relative, ascertained through the Swedish Multi-Generation and Patient registers. Clinical presentation was examined among patients with early RA 2000–2011 (symptom onset <12 months before inclusion, N=6869), and response to methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy in the subset starting this treatment (N=4630). Response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) was examined among all patients with RA starting a TNFi as the first biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug 2000–2011 (N=9249). Association of family history with clinical characteristics, drug survival, European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response and change in disease activity at 3 and 6 months was estimated using linear and generalised logistic regression models. Correlation in relatives’ response measures was also assessed.ResultsPatients with early RA with family history of RA were more often rheumatoid factor positive, but with no other clinically meaningful differences in their clinical presentation. Family history of RA did not predict response to MTX or TNFi, with the possible exception of no versus good EULAR response to TNFi at 6 months (OR=1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.7). Having a relative who discontinued TNFi within a year increased the odds of doing the same (OR=3.7, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.5), although we found no significant familial correlations in change in disease activity measures.ConclusionsFamily history of RA did not modify the clinical presentation of RA or predict response to standard treatment with MTX or TNFi. Treatment response, particularly drug survival, may itself be familial.
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Clementz, Brett A., William G. Iacono, and Morton Beiser. "Handedness in first-episode psychotic patients and their first-degree biological relatives." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, no. 2 (1994): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.400.
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Sawaya, Raymond, O. Juhani Rämö, Mei Lin Shi, and George Mandybur. "Biological significance of tissue plasminogen activator content in brain tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 3 (March 1991): 480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0480.
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✓ Fresh brain-tumor samples were obtained at operation and analyzed for their content of tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) using an activity assay (gel chromatography zymogram) and an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay. The specimens were taken from 23 glioblastomas, 35 metastatic tumors, 42 meningiomas, 16 low-grade gliomas, and seven acoustic neurinomas; seven specimens were from normal brain. A strong correlation was found between the results of the two assays (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001). There was a threefold difference in the tPA content of the benign tumors as compared to malignant tumors (p = 0.0006), the latter having less tPA. Histologically benign meningiomas contained higher tPA than malignant meningiomas (p = 0.01); however, the difference between low-grade gliomas and high-grade gliomas was less evident. Overall regression analysis data have shown an inverse relationship between the tissue content in tPA and the presence and degree of tumor necrosis and peritumoral brain edema (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0004, respectively). This finding was most consistent in the glioblastoma group where the correlation coefficient values were r = 0.53 and r = −0.55, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the tissue tPA content and the age and sex, steroid use, or plasma tPA of the patients or the duration of symptoms. In summary, this is the first demonstration of tPA in a large series of human brain tumors and in normal brain. The differences observed have clear biological significance and, although the source of tPA in tumor tissue is still unknown, a relative reduction in tPA in tumor tissue may play an integral role in the development of tissue necrosis and tissue edema. The lack of tPA in tumor necrosis was not due to tissue destruction and cell death since urokinase was readily detectable in that tissue.
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Heun, Reinhard, and Wolfgang Maier. "Bipolar II disorders in six first-degree relatives." Biological Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (August 1993): 274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(93)90084-q.
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Nitsche, Natalie, and Sarah R. Hayford. "Preferences, Partners, and Parenthood: Linking Early Fertility Desires, Marriage Timing, and Achieved Fertility." Demography 57, no. 6 (November 12, 2020): 1975–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-020-00927-y.
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AbstractIn the United States, underachieving fertility desires is more common among women with higher levels of education and those who delay first marriage beyond their mid-20s. However, the relationship between these patterns, and particularly the degree to which marriage postponement explains lower fertility among the highly educated, is not well understood. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to analyze differences in parenthood and achieved parity for men and women, focusing on the role of marriage timing in achieving fertility goals over the life course. We expand on previous research by distinguishing between entry into parenthood and average parity among parents as pathways to underachieving, by considering variation in the impact of marriage timing by education and by stage of the life course, and by comparing results for men and women. We find that women with a bachelor’s degree who desired three or more children are less likely to become mothers relative to women with the same desired family size who did not attend college. Conditional on becoming mothers, however, women with at least a bachelor’s degree do not have lower completed family size. No comparable fatherhood difference by desired family size is present. Postponing marriage beyond age 30 is associated with lower proportions of parenthood but not with lower parity among parents. Age patterns are similar for women and men, pointing at social rather than biological factors driving the underachievement of fertility goals.
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Curtis, Clayton E., Monica E. Calkins, and William G. Iacono. "Saccadic disinhibition in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives." Experimental Brain Research 137, no. 2 (March 19, 2001): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210000635.
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Domingo-Domenech, E., A. Domingo-Claros, E. Gonzalez-Barca, Y. Benavente, T. Alvaro, C. Bellas, R. Font, A. Fernandez de Sevilla, and S. de Sanjose. "CD38 Expression in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Patients Is Associated with Family History of Hematological Neoplasms." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5002.5002.
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Abstract Introduction: Family clustering of hematological tumours has largely been reported in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Objectives: To identify clinical and biological parameters at diagnosis that could be associated to family history of haematological neoplasms in CLL patients. Methods: Eighty-five unselected consecutive CLL patients were included in the case-control multicenter study Epilymph_Spain. Immunophenotype data, including CD38 expression, genetics and clinical presentation were performed at diagnosis. Personnel interviews were conducted to collect data on family history of cancer, including site, age at diagnosis, and status of the affected relative. Statistical differences between each group were analysed using Chi-Square tests. Results: Out of the 85 CLL patients included in the study, 50 (59%) reported a first-degree relative with cancer, from which 7 (8%) were haematological tumours. In the following table, the most relevant variables related with the family history of hematological neoplasms in CLL patients are presented. Conclusions: Family history of haematological neoplasms, CD38 expression and younger age at presentation of the disease seems to identify a subgroup of CLL patients that could have a genetic origin. Family history of Haematological neoplasm p NO (n=78) YES (n=7) Median age (range) 71 (45–87) 62 (53–74) 0,061 Gender (M/F) 51 /27 4 /3 0,476 CD38 + 21 (27%) 5 (71%) 0,026 Rai 0–1/2–4 67 /11 7 /0 0,369
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van Leeuwen, A. M., J. H. van Dieën, A. Daffertshofer, and S. M. Bruijn. "Active foot placement control ensures stable gait: Effect of constraints on foot placement and ankle moments." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): e0242215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242215.
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Step-by-step foot placement control, relative to the center of mass (CoM) kinematic state, is generally considered a dominant mechanism for maintenance of gait stability. By adequate (mediolateral) positioning of the center of pressure with respect to the CoM, the ground reaction force generates a moment that prevents falling. In healthy individuals, foot placement is complemented mainly by ankle moment control ensuring stability. To evaluate possible compensatory relationships between step-by-step foot placement and complementary ankle moments, we investigated the degree of (active) foot placement control during steady-state walking, and under either foot placement-, or ankle moment constraints. Thirty healthy participants walked on a treadmill, while full-body kinematics, ground reaction forces and EMG activities were recorded. As a replication of earlier findings, we first showed step-by-step foot placement is associated with preceding CoM state and hip ab-/adductor activity during steady-state walking. Tight control of foot placement appears to be important at normal walking speed because there was a limited change in the degree of foot placement control despite the presence of a foot placement constraint. At slow speed, the degree of foot placement control decreased substantially, suggesting that tight control of foot placement is less essential when walking slowly. Step-by-step foot placement control was not tightened to compensate for constrained ankle moments. Instead compensation was achieved through increases in step width and stride frequency.
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Prášilová, Marie, and Tomáš Hlavsa. "Chances and risks in the development of the smallest villages in Vysočina Region." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 56, no. 3 (2008): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200856030165.
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Vysočina is the region with highest numbers of the smallest villages in the Czech Republic. The current levels of the infrastructure, conditions of living of the inhabitants and chances for development of the communities were examined by means of a questionnaire area survey over the entire number of villages and towns of Vysočina Region in 2007. Survey results were tested as concerns representativity, statistically grouped and ordered in the manner of contingenc tables. For those aspects, where the community representatives felt a degree of deterioration a detailed statistical analysis was carried out. For the groups of villages up to 199 head and up to 499 head significance tests were carried out first and the degree of dependence measured by the Cramer coefficient. Statistical significance was an argument for deeper analyses. Sign sketches for 0,1 %, 1 % and 5 % significance levels were prepared for all the contingency tables. The answers of the conjuncture research were reduced to an alternative statistical variable and association was further studied between the village size and the problem areas of the community development. Probabilities of the separate variants were stated and risks and chances were evaluated for the possibilities for the smallest villages to be threatened as compared with the larger ones. The research results are presented in the shape of risk probabilities, both the relative and absolute ones, using the less applied measures for the risk measurement in two-way contingency tables. The computations are commented verbally and they bring new looks upon the perception of increased risk and chances improvement problems by means of qualitative statistical attributes. The solution is not only practically important but it offers an applicable general methodology instruction, too, for detailed analyses in the empirical research of qualitative phenomena.
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Hartung, John. "Matrilineal inheritance: New theory and analysis." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 1985): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00045520.
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AbstractIn most cultures, extramarital sex is highly restricted for women. In most of those cultures, men transfer wealth to their own sons (patrilineal inheritance). In some cultures extramarital sex is not highly restricted for women, and in most of those cultures, men transfer wealth to their sisters' sons (matrilineal inheritance). Inheritance to sisters' sons ensures a man's biological relatedness to his heirs, and matrilineal inheritance has been posited as a male accommodation to cuckoldry—a paternity strategy—at least since the 15th century. However, longitudinal analysis of the cumulative effect of female extramarital sex indicates that matrilineal inheritance is most advantageous for women and would be more accurately considered a grandmaternity strategy. That is, if the probability that men's putative children are their biological children (ρ = probability of paternity) is less than 1, the probabilistic degree of relatedness between a female and her matrilineal heirs is higher than her corresponding relatedness to her patrilineal heirs. The same holds true for men only if ρ is very low (< 0.46). The upshot is that for moderate levels of female extramarital sex, matrilineal inheritance, relative to patrilineal inheritance, is highly advantageous for women and disadvantageous for men. Consideration of female variance in reproductive success beyond the first generation, and of a man's network of obligation to the inclusive fitness of his relatives, suggests that although the establishment of matrilineal inheritance may require extremely high levels of female extramarital sex, once established, it is likely to be maintained at levels of ρ that reasonably characterize many societies in the ethnographic record. New analysis of previously published data shows a strong association between matrilineal inheritance and moderate to low probability of paternity, and an even stronger relationship between patrilineal inheritance and high probability of paternity.
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Spottiswoode, Claire N., Anders P. Tøttrup, and Timothy Coppack. "Sexual selection predicts advancement of avian spring migration in response to climate change." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1605 (September 26, 2006): 3023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3688.
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Global warming has led to earlier spring arrival of migratory birds, but the extent of this advancement varies greatly among species, and it remains uncertain to what degree these changes are phenotypically plastic responses or microevolutionary adaptations to changing environmental conditions. We suggest that sexual selection could help to understand this variation, since early spring arrival of males is favoured by female choice. Climate change could weaken the strength of natural selection opposing sexual selection for early migration, which would predict greatest advancement in species with stronger female choice. We test this hypothesis comparatively by investigating the degree of long-term change in spring passage at two ringing stations in northern Europe in relation to a synthetic estimate of the strength of female choice, composed of degree of extra-pair paternity, relative testes size and degree of sexually dichromatic plumage colouration. We found that species with a stronger index of sexual selection have indeed advanced their date of spring passage to a greater extent. This relationship was stronger for the changes in the median passage date of the whole population than for changes in the timing of first-arriving individuals, suggesting that selection has not only acted on protandrous males. These results suggest that sexual selection may have an impact on the responses of organisms to climate change, and knowledge of a species' mating system might help to inform attempts at predicting these.
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Campbell, M. A., R. W. Medd, and J. F. Brown. "Phytotoxicity of metabolites produced by Pyrenophora semeniperda in liquid culture." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 10 (2003): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea02185.
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Pyrenophora semeniperda was shown to produce heat stable, biologically active metabolites under agitated liquid culture conditions. Using a seedling bioassay it was shown that filtrates harvested from P.�semeniperda cultures had a significant impact on coleoptile length of both wheat and Bromus diandrus, but had no effect on seed germination. The relative toxicity of filtrates derived from several isolates of P. semeniperda and infiltrated into wheat leaves was highly correlated with the virulence of these isolates. A comparison of metabolites harvested from P. semeniperda and Pyrenophora teres grown under the same cultural conditions revealed that P.�teres did not affect wheat coleoptile growth, but affected the coleoptile elongation of B. diandrus, although less than filtrates produced by P. semeniperda. Culture filtrates harvested after 6 days were toxic to wheat and B.�diandrus and toxicity was maximal in filtrates derived from cultures that were 12 days old. Culture filtrates diluted to 1 in 20 produced symptoms in wheat seedlings, but only undiluted or 5 × concentrated filtrates produced symptoms on B.�diandrus seedling leaves. Plants older than first node stage (Z 31) were significantly less sensitive to filtrate than younger plants. A degree of host selectivity to the metabolites was observed since leaves of Gossypium hirsutum, Helianthus annuus, Lablab purpureus and Xanthium occidentale were unaffected by infiltrates.
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Varma, Shashjit L., and Indira Sharma. "Psychiatric Morbidity in the First-Degree Relatives of Schizophrenic Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 5 (May 1993): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.5.672.
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First-degree relatives (FDRs) of 1018 schizophrenic and 812 control probands were investigated. Psychiatric morbidity was present in 34.8% of FDRs of schizophrenic probands and in 9.2% of FDRs of controls. There was significantly more psychiatric illness in the siblings and parents than in the offspring of both schizophrenic and control subjects. The morbidity risks for schizoid-schizotypal personality disorders, cannabis-use disorder and paranoid personality disorder were significantly higher in the FDRs of schizophrenic patients than in those of controls, suggesting a biological relationship.
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Clementz, Brett A., Mark A. Geyer, and David L. Braff. "Poor P50 Suppression Among Schizophrenia Patients and Their First-Degree Biological Relatives." American Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 12 (December 1998): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.12.1691.
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Calkins, M. E., C. E. Curtis, W. M. Grove, and W. G. Iacono. "Multiple Dimensions of Schizotypy in First Degree Biological Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients." Schizophrenia Bulletin 30, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007081.
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Clementz, Brett A., Jennifer E. McDowell, and Sidney Zisook. "Saccadic system functioning among schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives." Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, no. 2 (1994): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-843x.103.2.277.
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Martínez-Gras, Isabel, Fernando García-Sánchez, Carmen Guaza, Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez, Eva Andrés-Esteban, Tomás Palomo, Gabriel Rubio, and Jose Borrell. "Altered immune function in unaffected first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients." Psychiatry Research 200, no. 2-3 (December 2012): 1022–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.05.036.
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Wagner Zago, Bruno, Marco Antonio Aparecido Barelli, Valvenarg Pereira da Silva, Rafhael Felipin-Azevedo, Carla Lima Corrêa, Leonarda Grillo Neves, and Eulalia Soler Sobreira Hoogerheide. "Genetic diversity among cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta crantz) collected in the south-central mesoregion of the state of Mato Grosso-Brazil." Bioscience Journal 37 (August 20, 2021): e37048. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/bj-v37n0a2021-54068.
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the genetic divergence between 164 genotypes of Manihot esculenta from the South-Central mesoregion of the State of Mato Grosso. The genotypes are from projects conducted by the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology of the University of the State of Mato Grosso, Cáceres-Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), and the Brazilian Public Agricultural Research Corporation - Agrosilvopastoral (EMBRAPA). The agronomic descriptors evaluated were plant height, height of first branching, branching levels, weight of the aerial part of the plant, total weight of the plant, number of roots per plant, average weight of roots per plant, yield of commercial roots, yield of non-commercial roots, number of rotten roots per plant and harvest index. For the analysis of genetic divergence, multivariate analysis based on the standardized Euclidean mean distance was employed, later performing the Hierarchical UPGMA and Tocher Optimization agglomerative methods. The degree of preservation of the genetic distances in the dendrogram was verified using the Cophenetic Correlation Coefficient. The Singh criterion was used to quantify the relative contribution of characteristics to genetic divergence. The genotypes presented genetic dissimilarity for the evaluated characteristics and based on the results of the dissimilarity matrix and groupings, it is recommended the crossings between the genotypes allocated in group II with the genotype allocated in group V, for the development of segregated populations with high genetic variability.
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PAREDES, Laura Jamille Argolo, Washington Luiz Assunção PEREIRA, Ranna Taynara dos Reis SOUSA, Marcella Katheryne Marques BERNAL, Rafaelle Casseb GUIMARÃES, Elaine Ferreira MESQUITA, Cintia Luana Pinheiro SANTOS, et al. "Innate immunity gene expression profiles in conjunctival membrane biopsies from Amazonian buffalo." Acta Amazonica 52, no. 1 (January 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202100893.
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ABSTRACT Domestic buffalo production plays an economically important role in the Brazilian Amazon, but they are susceptible to many diseases favored by the tropical climate and annually flooded habitats, including ocular diseases. In this context, it is important to select genotypes that maximize innate ocular immunity in Amazonian herds. We aimed to characterise, for the first time, gene expression profiles of the innate immune system in the conjunctival membrane of buffalo. Ocular conjunctival tissue samples were collected from 60 clinically healthy slaughtered animals in the northern Brazilian state of Amapá. The samples were histologically processed for classification into three groups according to the quantitative degree of lymphoid tissue associated with the conjunctiva (discrete, G1; slight, G2; and moderate, G3 presence of lymphoid tissue). RT-PCR was used to quantify gene expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL6, IL10, TNFA, IFNG), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and Defensin beta 110 (DEFB110), relative to the endogenous GAPDH gene. G1 animals presented low expression for IL6, IL10, TNFA, and DEFB110, while G2 exhibited high expression for IL6, IL10, IFNG, and TLR4. All G3 animals showed high expression for all tested genes. These results suggest a greater resistance to pathogenic microorganisms of buffalos in the G3 group, and the proportion of lymphoid tissue associated with the conjunctiva may be related to the immune resistance of individuals.
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Godeau, Bertrand, Marc Michel, Lamiae Grimaldi-Bensouda, Lucien Abenhaim, Clementine Nordon, and Corinne Haioun. "Characteristics and Outcome of Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia in Adults: Results from a Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 3475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3475.3475.
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Abstract Objectives The objectives of the study were (1) to describe the clinical features of adult patients presenting with an immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), (2) to explore the predictors of chronicity and (3) to determine whether a family history of autoimmune disorder was a risk factor of ITP. Methods An observational prospective cohort study was conducted in France nationwide. During more than two years, 21 participating physicians from haematology centres recruited all consecutive adults of 18 years old or above, diagnosed with an incident episode of ITP. Data were collected at baseline and 12 months, regarding socio-demographic characteristics, personal and familial medical history, clinical and biological signs of ITP and its medical management, left at the discretion of each physician. Data were collected after 12 months clinical, biological signs of ITP and current medication, from which the outcome was derived: chronicity or recovery. Predictors of chronicity at baseline were explored using univariate logistic regression models, providing the Odds Ratio (OR) and their 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI). To explore whether having a history of autoimmune disorder in first-degree relative was a risk factor of developing an ITP, referent-patients were drawn from a general practice setting database and matched to ITP-patients (10-1). The risk of developing an ITP was explored using univariate conditional logistic regression models, providing the OR and their 95%CI. Results 153 patients were included over a 28-month period: 94 (61%) patients were female, mean age was 48 years (SD=18.8), and 128 (84%) presented with bleeding symptoms at diagnosis. The median platelet count was 10×109/L. An initial treatment was required in nearly 90% of patients. After 12 months, only 36% of patients were cured without receiving any disease-modifying treatment. The baseline predictors of chronicity at 12 months were a lower platelet count (OR, 1.0; 95%CI, 1.0-1.2) and mucocutaneous bleeding (OR, 0.3; 95%CI, 0.1-1.0). No significant association was found between a history of autoimmune disorder in a first degree relative or the presence of anti-nuclear antibodies and the risk of developing a chronic ITP. Conclusions ITP in adults affects patients with a wide age range, mainly female. ITP is a serious disease in adults with a chronic evolution in a majority of patients that is in contrast with children. Low platelet count and severity of bleeding at the diagnosis were associated with a lower risk of chronic evolution. Disclosures Godeau: Roche: Research Funding; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Grimaldi-Bensouda:LASER: Consultancy, Other: LASER provide consultancy to various pharma industry (virtually all). Abenhaim:LASER: Employment, Other: LASER provide consultancy to various pharma industry (virtually all). Haioun:Roche: Honoraria.
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Cook, Edwin H., Bennett L. Leventhal, and Daniel X. Freedman. "Free serotonin in plasma: Autistic children and their first-degree relatives." Biological Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (August 1988): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(88)90192-8.
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Суханова, Ирина, Irina Suhanova, Расим Газизов, Rasim Gazizov, Марс Ильясов, Mars Ilyasov, Лилия Биккинина, and Liliya Bikkinina. "INFLUENCE OF ORGANOMINERAL SUSPENSIONS AND ITS NANO-ANALOGUES ON THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF OAT CROP." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db958123003b5.84626693.
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The article presents the results of two summer studies on the use of nanostructured suspensions of sapropel and vermicompost on gray forest medium loamy soil under the conditions of a growing experiment when growing oats of Konkur variety. We see the supply of plants with nutrients in the use of substances created by nature itself, whose chemical composition allows them to be used as fertilizers. In agriculture and crop production, various doses of sapropel and vermicompost in the soil have been studied, but there are no data on the use of their nanostructured components. For the first time in the Republic of Tatarstan, research is underway to develop ways to use sapropel and vermicompost nanomaterials in crop production when growing crops. The nature and degree of influence of macro - and nanostructured suspensions on the main elements of the crop structure during their use for pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar treatment of plants, both in a separate and in a complex application, is revealed. Presowing treatment with suspensions of vermicompost and nanobiohumus increased the height and yield of plant biomass relative to other options by 3.8 ... 26.1% and 8 ... 58.2%, respectively, in terms of structure. The complex use of treatments with nanosuspensions of sapropel and vermicompost positively affected quantitative indicators: mass of 1000 grains, roots and grains. Nanostructured suspensions possessing biologically active properties, particle sizes of 20-30 nm, penetrating unhindered, without damaging the structure and without consequences for the plant organism, stimulating biochemical processes and having a prolonged effect on biological objects, provided better crop structure indicators compared to macro-suspension treatment.
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Kemp, PD, and GJ Blair. "Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VI. A comparison of Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover and white clover over time." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 42, no. 3 (1991): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9910541.
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Two problems in comparative studies of the P efficiency of pasture species are the choice of measurement to define P efficiency and the basis of comparison to use. Therefore, the degree to which the level of P supply and plant age, or time of harvest, influence a variety of measures of P efficiency was examined in four temperate pasture species grown in a soil at a range of P levels in a glass house. The four species were Italian ryegrass, phalaris, red clover, and white clover. Italian ryegrass was the most P efficient and red clover the least P efficient species in terms of the broad scale measures of P effiency, shoot yield per unit of P applied and total P uptake over the first 40 days after sowing (DAS), and shoot P concentration at 68 DAS. Nevertheless, by 68 DAS the shoot fresh weight yield of the four species was similar at both the low (5 kgP ha-1) and the high (80 kg P ha-1) P rate. The superior shoot biomass production at lower P rates over 40 DAS of Italian ryegrass and phalaris compared with red and white clovers was largely the result of a greater root weight and P uptake per plant. Early root weight was determined by the relationship between seed weight and root relative growth rate (PGR), whereas P uptake per plant was influenced by root weight and plant P demand as measured by relative P uptake rate (RPR). The understanding of such relationships was shown to be essential to the effective interpretation of broad scale measures of P efficiency. The comparative broad scale P efficiences of the four species changed over time. When Italian ryegrass and phalaris were compared on an ontogenetic basis, number of leaves per plant, shoot yield and P uptake per plant were similar. The comparison of the P efficiency of species on both an ontogenetic and temporal basis is proposed.
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Sponheim, Scott R., Kathryn A. McGuire, and John J. Stanwyck. "Neural Anomalies During Sustained Attention in First-Degree Biological Relatives of Schizophrenia Patients." Biological Psychiatry 60, no. 3 (August 2006): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.017.
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Berger, Sandy, Michael Hocke, and Karl-Jürgen Bär. "Gastric dysmotility in healthy first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 34, no. 7 (October 2010): 1294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.013.
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Rela, Mariam, Sophia Opel, Sarah Williams, Declan P. Collins, Kevin Martin, Nabeela Mughal, and Luke S. P. Moore. "Operating Room Fomites as Potential Sources for Microbial Transmission in Burns Theatres." European Burn Journal 2, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ebj2010001.
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Background: Burn patients are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections. Contaminated surfaces play a role in microbial transmission. This study aimed to quantify the degree of contamination of burns theatre fomites during routine clinical use. Methods: The Patslide Patient Transfer Board (PAT slide) and operating table were investigated using two methods—bacterial swabs to culture viable organisms and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) swabs to measure biological material. Both items were sampled four times a day: before the first case, immediately after a case, immediately before the next case after cleaning and after the terminal clean. Results: Among 82 bacterial samples, four organisms were isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter cloacae (E. cloacae) x2 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), all from the PAT slide. The E. cloacae persisted after cleaning. In 9/82 swabs, the ATP count was >10 relative light units (RLU). In all cases where an organism was identified, the ATP count was >10 RLU. Hence the sensitivity and specificity of ATP > 10 RLU in detecting an organism were 100% and 94% respectively. Conclusions: Within burns theatres, there are instances of bacterial contamination on surfaces that persist despite cleaning. ATP luminometers as a point-of-care device may have a role in determining the cleanliness of surfaces, potentially minimizing onwards-bacterial transmission.
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De Santis, Ilaria, Luca Lorenzini, Marzia Moretti, Elisa Martella, Enrico Lucarelli, Laura Calzà, and Alessandro Bevilacqua. "Co-Density Distribution Maps for Advanced Molecule Colocalization and Co-Distribution Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 6385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196385.
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Cellular and subcellular spatial colocalization of structures and molecules in biological specimens is an important indicator of their co-compartmentalization and interaction. Presently, colocalization in biomedical images is addressed with visual inspection and quantified by co-occurrence and correlation coefficients. However, such measures alone cannot capture the complexity of the interactions, which does not limit itself to signal intensity. On top of the previously developed density distribution maps (DDMs), here, we present a method for advancing current colocalization analysis by introducing co-density distribution maps (cDDMs), which, uniquely, provide information about molecules absolute and relative position and local abundance. We exemplify the benefits of our method by developing cDDMs-integrated pipelines for the analysis of molecules pairs co-distribution in three different real-case image datasets. First, cDDMs are shown to be indicators of colocalization and degree, able to increase the reliability of correlation coefficients currently used to detect the presence of colocalization. In addition, they provide a simultaneously visual and quantitative support, which opens for new investigation paths and biomedical considerations. Finally, thanks to the coDDMaker software we developed, cDDMs become an enabling tool for the quasi real time monitoring of experiments and a potential improvement for a large number of biomedical studies.