Journal articles: 'Biological engineering design'

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Vattam, Swaroop S., Michael E. Helms, and Ashok K. Goel. "A content account of creative analogies in biologically inspired design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041000034x.

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AbstractThe growing movement of biologically inspired design is driven in part by the need for sustainable development and in part by the recognition that nature could be a source of innovation. Biologically inspired design by definition entails cross-domain analogies from biological systems to problems in engineering and other design domains. However, the practice of biologically inspired design at present typically isad hoc, with little systemization of either biological knowledge for the purposes of engineering design or the processes of transferring knowledge of biological designs to engineering problems. In this paper we present an intricate episode of biologically inspired engineering design that unfolded over an extended period of time. We then analyze our observations in terms ofwhy,what,how, andwhenquestions of analogy. This analysis contributes toward a content theory of creative analogies in the context of biologically inspired design.

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Nagel, Jacquelyn K. S., Robert L. Nagel, Robert B. Stone, and Daniel A. McAdams. "Function-based, biologically inspired concept generation." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000375.

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AbstractThe natural world provides numerous cases for inspiration in engineering design. Biological organisms, phenomena, and strategies, which we refer to as biological systems, provide a rich set of analogies. These systems provide insight into sustainable and adaptable design and offer engineers billions of years of valuable experience, which can be used to inspire engineering innovation. This research presents a general method for functionally representing biological systems through systematic design techniques, leading to the conceptualization of biologically inspired engineering designs. Functional representation and abstraction techniques are used to translate biological systems into an engineering context. The goal is to make the biological information accessible to engineering designers who possess varying levels of biological knowledge but have a common understanding of engineering design. Creative or novel engineering designs may then be discovered through connections made between biology and engineering. To assist with making connections between the two domains concept generation techniques that use biological information, engineering knowledge, and automatic concept generation software are employed. Two concept generation approaches are presented that use a biological model to discover corresponding engineering components that mimic the biological system and use a repository of engineering and biological information to discover which biological components inspire functional solutions to fulfill engineering requirements. Discussion includes general guidelines for modeling biological systems at varying levels of fidelity, advantages, limitations, and applications of this research. The modeling methodology and the first approach for concept generation are illustrated by a continuous example of lichen.

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Nagel, Jacquelyn K. S., and Robert B. Stone. "A computational approach to biologically inspired design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 26, no. 2 (April 20, 2012): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060412000054.

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AbstractThe natural world provides numerous cases for analogy and inspiration in engineering design. During the early stages of design, particularly during concept generation when several variants are created, biological systems can be used to inspire innovative solutions to a design problem. However, identifying and presenting the valuable knowledge from the biological domain to an engineering designer during concept generation is currently a somewhat disorganized process or requires extensive knowledge of the biological system. To circumvent the knowledge requirement problem, we developed a computational approach for discovering biological inspiration during the early stages of design that integrates with established function-based design methods. This research defines and formalizes the information identification and knowledge transfer processes that enable systematic development of biologically inspired designs. The framework that supports our computational design approach is provided along with an example of a smart flooring device to demonstrate the approach. Biologically inspired conceptual designs are presented and validated through a literature search and comparison to existing products.

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Gill, Ryan T., Andrea L. Halweg-Edwards, Aaron Clauset, and Sam F. Way. "Synthesis aided design: The biological design-build-test engineering paradigm?" Biotechnology and Bioengineering 113, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.25857.

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Owoseni, T. A., S. G. Olukole, A. I. Gadu, I. A. Malik, and W. O. Soboyejo. "Bioinspired Design." Advanced Materials Research 1132 (December 2015): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.252.

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Bioinspired design involves the use of concepts observed in natural biological materials in engineering design. The hope is that the leveraging of biological materials in the engineering domain can lead to many technological innovations and novel products. This work presents the initial material characterization of kinixys erosa tortoise shell using a combination of x-ray diffraction, optical/scanning electron microscopy and micro-mechanical testing. The results were used in the analytical/computational modelling of shell structures. The potential implications or the results were then discussed to give fundamental understanding of deformation and stress responses of shell structures

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Punzo, Giuliano, and Euan W. McGookin. "Engineering the locusts: Hind leg modelling towards the design of a bio-inspired space hopper." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 230, no. 4 (August 3, 2016): 455–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419315624852.

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The mechanical operation of a biologically inspired robot hopper is presented. This design is based on the hind leg dynamics and jumping gait of a desert locust ( Schistocerca gregaria). The biological mechanism is represented as a lumped mass system. This emulates the muscle activation sequence and gait responsible for the long, coordinated jump of locusts, whilst providing an engineering equivalent for the design of a biological inspired hopper for planetary exploration. Despite the crude simplification, performance compares well against biological data found in the literature and scaling towards size more typical of robotic realisation are considered from an engineering point of view. This aspect makes an important contribution to knowledge as it quantifies the balance between biological similarity and efficiency of the biomimetic hopping mechanism. Further, this work provides useful information towards the biomimetic design of a hopper vehicle whilst the analysis uncover the range maximisation conditions for powered flight at constant thrust by analytic means. The proposed design bridges concepts looking at the gait dynamics and designs oriented to extended, full powered trajectories.

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Griffin, P., and G. E. Findlay. "Process and engineering improvements to rotating biological contactor design." Water Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0022.

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The numerous process and operational advantages of using Rotating Biological Contactors to treat the flows of sewage from small communities are well documented, but more widespread adoption of the technology has been hindered by inadequate design and engineering which has led to excessive mechanical failures. The mechanical problems have tended to be interrelated with process requirements and both required addressing before a robust design able to achieve the required performance and 20 year asset life was achieved. The performance of plants with an improved rotor design (marketed as Bistar) is compared with plants with rotors by other manufacturers and found to be comparable. M+E costs have not been shown to increase as a result of more stringent specification. Other engineering problems including stormwater separation and division of small flows have also been addressed.

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Shu, L. H. "A natural-language approach to biomimetic design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000363.

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AbstractThis paper summarizes various aspects of identifying and applying biological analogies in engineering design using a natural-language approach. To avoid the immense as well as potentially biased task of creating a biological database specifically for engineering design, the chosen approach searches biological knowledge in natural-language format, such as books and papers, for instances of keywords describing the engineering problem. Strategies developed to facilitate this search are identified, and how text descriptions of biological phenomena are used in problem solving is summarized. Several application case studies are reported to illustrate the approach. The value of the natural-language approach is demonstrated by its ability to identify relevant biological analogies that are not limited to those entered into a database specifically for engineering design.

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Jeronimidis, G., and A. G. Atkins. "Mechanics of Biological Materials and Structures: Nature's Lessons for the Engineer." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 209, no. 4 (July 1995): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1995_209_149_02.

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Biological structures have evolved to fit their purpose and a discussion is given of the materials and engineering reasons for their success. The contrast is made between traditional engineering's extraction of maximum benefit from choice of materials and Nature's extraction of maximum benefit from structural shapes made of indifferent materials. The issue of integration and continuous optimization from the molecular level up to large structural components is highlighted. The relevance of such principles to engineering design is explored. Biological systems are also intelligent and an exciting possibility is that the engineering designer will be able to make use of materials and structures that are capable of preparing themselves for future events, not merely respond to immediate events. This, and ideas of integrating use with function, will require radical changes in design thought processes.

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He, Ya Yin. "Application Research of Reverse Engineering in the Bionic Structure Design." Advanced Materials Research 460 (February 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.460.82.

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According to the fact that there need the model to simulate the biological structure and principle in the modern bionic design, the thought combining the reverse engineering(RE) with the bionic structure design was put forward. Taking the crab model as an example, the establishing scan model, gathering data, disposal of data, reconstructing CAD model have been explained in detail. The results indicated that reverse engineering is a very useful tool for revealing the biologically geometrical shapes and morphologies quantitatively. This work laid a basis for the RE technology applied to the bionic structure design

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CHIU, IVEY, and L. H. SHU. "Biomimetic design through natural language analysis to facilitate cross-domain information retrieval." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 21, no. 1 (January 2007): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060407070138.

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Biomimetic, or biologically inspired, design uses analogous biological phenomena to develop solutions for engineering problems. Several instances of biomimetic design result from personal observations of biological phenomena. However, many engineers' knowledge of biology may be limited, thus reducing the potential of biologically inspired solutions. Our approach to biomimetic design takes advantage of the large amount of biological knowledge already available in books, journals, and so forth, by performing keyword searches on these existing natural-language sources. Because of the ambiguity and imprecision of natural language, challenges inherent to natural language processing were encountered. One challenge of retrieving relevant cross-domain information involves differences in domain vocabularies, or lexicons. A keyword meaningful to biologists may not occur to engineers. For an example problem that involved cleaning, that is, removing dirt, a biochemist suggested the keyword “defend.” Defend is not an obvious keyword to most engineers for this problem, nor are the words defend and “clean/remove” directly related within lexical references. However, previous work showed that biological phenomena retrieved by the keyword defend provided useful stimuli and produced successful concepts for the clean/remove problem. In this paper, we describe a method to systematically bridge the disparate biology and engineering domains using natural language analysis. For the clean/remove example, we were able to algorithmically generate several biologically meaningful keywords, including defend, that are not obviously related to the engineering problem. We developed a method to organize and rank the set of biologically meaningful keywords identified, and confirmed that we could achieve similar results for two other examples in encapsulation and microassembly. Although we specifically address cross-domain information retrieval from biology, the bridging process presented in this paper is not limited to biology, and can be used for any other domain given the availability of appropriate domain-specific knowledge sources and references.

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Salgueiredo, Camila Freitas, and Armand Hatchuel. "Beyond analogy: A model of bioinspiration for creative design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000044.

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AbstractIs biologically inspired design only an analogical transfer from biology to engineering? Actually, nature does not always bring “hands-on” solutions that can be analogically applied in classic engineering. Then, what are the different operations that are involved in the bioinspiration process and what are the conditions allowing this process to produce a bioinspired design? In this paper, we model the whole design process in which bioinspiration is only one element. To build this model, we use a general design theory, concept–knowledge theory, because it allows one to capture analogy as well as all other knowledge changes that lead to the design of a bioinspired solution. We ground this model on well-described examples of biologically inspired designs available in the scientific literature. These examples include Flectofin®, a hingeless flapping mechanism conceived for façade shading, and WhalePower technology, the introduction of bumps on the leading edge of airfoils to improve aerodynamic properties. Our modeling disentangles the analogical aspects of the biologically inspired design process, and highlights the expansions occurring in both knowledge bases, scientific (nonbiological) and biological, as well as the impact of these expansions in the generation of new concepts (concept partitioning). This model also shows that bioinspired design requires a special form of collaboration between engineers and biologists. Contrasting with the classic one-way transfer between biology and engineering that is assumed in the literature, the concept–knowledge framework shows that these collaborations must be “mutually inspirational” because both biological and engineering knowledge expansions are needed to reach a novel solution.

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Pasotti, Lorenzo, and Susanna Zucca. "Advances and Computational Tools towards Predictable Design in Biological Engineering." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2014 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/369681.

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The design process of complex systems in all the fields of engineering requires a set of quantitatively characterized components and a method to predict the output of systems composed by such elements. This strategy relies on the modularity of the used components or the prediction of their context-dependent behaviour, when parts functioning depends on the specific context. Mathematical models usually support the whole process by guiding the selection of parts and by predicting the output of interconnected systems. Such bottom-up design process cannot be trivially adopted for biological systems engineering, since parts function is hard to predict when components are reused in different contexts. This issue and the intrinsic complexity of living systems limit the capability of synthetic biologists to predict the quantitative behaviour of biological systems. The high potential of synthetic biology strongly depends on the capability of mastering this issue. This review discusses the predictability issues of basic biological parts (promoters, ribosome binding sites, coding sequences, transcriptional terminators, and plasmids) when used to engineer simple and complex gene expression systems inEscherichia coli. A comparison between bottom-up and trial-and-error approaches is performed for all the discussed elements and mathematical models supporting the prediction of parts behaviour are illustrated.

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Dar, Roy D., and Ron Weiss. "Perspective: Engineering noise in biological systems towards predictive stochastic design." APL Bioengineering 2, no. 2 (June 2018): 020901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5025033.

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Salehi-Nik, Nasim, Ghassem Amoabediny, Behdad Pouran, Hadi Tabesh, Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar, Nooshin Haghighipour, Nahid Khatibi, Fatemeh Anisi, Khosrow Mottaghy, and Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi. "Engineering Parameters in Bioreactor’s Design: A Critical Aspect in Tissue Engineering." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/762132.

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Bioreactors are important inevitable part of any tissue engineering (TE) strategy as they aid the construction of three-dimensional functional tissues. Since the ultimate aim of a bioreactor is to create a biological product, the engineering parameters, for example, internal and external mass transfer, fluid velocity, shear stress, electrical current distribution, and so forth, are worth to be thoroughly investigated. The effects of such engineering parameters on biological cultures have been addressed in only a few preceding studies. Furthermore, it would be highly inefficient to determine the optimal engineering parameters by trial and error method. A solution is provided by emerging modeling and computational tools and by analyzing oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrient and metabolism waste material transports, which can simulate and predict the experimental results. Discovering the optimal engineering parameters is crucial not only to reduce the cost and time of experiments, but also to enhance efficacy and functionality of the tissue construct. This review intends to provide an inclusive package of the engineering parameters together with their calculation procedure in addition to the modeling techniques in TE bioreactors.

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Zhao, Yong Bin, Hong Ping Chen, and Tuo Yang. "Design of Photovoltaic Enterprise Wastewater Treatment Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 1658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1658.

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The photovoltaic enterprise in Shanxi Province uses the process of biological contact oxidation-coagulation sedimentation to treat enterprise production wastewater and domestic wastewater. By commissioning and operating, the process is characterized by feasible process and easy management, low operational cost and stable treatment efficiency. The effluent water quality can meet the first grade of “Integrated Sewage Emission Standard” (GB 8978-1996).

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Dong, Andy. "Biological first principles for design competence." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2010): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000338.

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AbstractThis paper interprets the concept of biologically inspired design as understanding design based on the biological evidence. Borrowing its concept of design competence from Chomsky's definition of linguistic competence, the paper reviews biological evidence from fields including evolution, genetics, and animal behavior from the perspective of design research to propose that design competence is the product of an evolutionary history during which five key developments in cognitive evolution came together: conception unbounded by sensory perception, symbolic manipulation at a level of metarepresentation, theory of mind, curiosity, and mental time travel. These cognitive capabilities were derived from the biological evidence based upon the criteria that they are presumed to be unique to humans (Homo sapiens), they may be lost because of neurodegenerative diseases or they may fail to develop because of neurodevelopmental disorders, and they are not immediately present upon birth and develop as a child's brain matures. Based on these five capabilities, the paper concludes by discussing how computation may provide a useful way to understand the origins and evolution of design competence.

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McArthur, George H., and Stephen S. Fong. "Toward Engineering Synthetic Microbial Metabolism." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/459760.

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The generation of well-characterized parts and the formulation of biological design principles in synthetic biology are laying the foundation for more complex and advanced microbial metabolic engineering. Improvements inde novoDNA synthesis and codon-optimization alone are already contributing to the manufacturing of pathway enzymes with improved or novel function. Further development of analytical and computer-aided design tools should accelerate the forward engineering of precisely regulated synthetic pathways by providing a standard framework for the predictable design of biological systems from well-characterized parts. In this review we discuss the current state of synthetic biology within a four-stage framework (design, modeling, synthesis, analysis) and highlight areas requiring further advancement to facilitate true engineering of synthetic microbial metabolism.

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Rice, Matthew, Frackson Mumba, and Laura Pottmeyer. "Learning about Osmosis through Engineering Design Process." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.5.297.

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Students’ sound knowledge about osmosis can lead to their understanding of other related biological processes that require the movement of materials across cell membranes, such as photosynthesis, homeostasis, and cellular respiration. However, students have difficulties to understand osmosis. This challenge has been attributed to the abstract nature of the concept and the way it is presented to students. Thus, we present an engineering design, integrated biology unit in which students use the engineering design process to learn about osmosis and its related concepts. A dependent t-test revealed statistically significant differences in students’ understanding of osmosis and related concepts, and the engineering design process before and after the unit. Overall, in this unit students developed the understanding of osmosis in a real-world context through an engineering design process.

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Seale, Madeleine, Cathal Cummins, Ignazio Maria Viola, Enrico Mastropaolo, and Naomi Nakayama. "Design principles of hair-like structures as biological machines." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 142 (May 2018): 20180206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0206.

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Hair-like structures are prevalent throughout biology and frequently act to sense or alter interactions with an organism's environment. The overall shape of a hair is simple: a long, filamentous object that protrudes from the surface of an organism. This basic design, however, can confer a wide range of functions, owing largely to the flexibility and large surface area that it usually possesses. From this simple structural basis, small changes in geometry, such as diameter, curvature and inter-hair spacing, can have considerable effects on mechanical properties, allowing functions such as mechanosensing, attachment, movement and protection. Here, we explore how passive features of hair-like structures, both individually and within arrays, enable diverse functions across biology. Understanding the relationships between form and function can provide biologists with an appreciation for the constraints and possibilities on hair-like structures. Additionally, such structures have already been used in biomimetic engineering with applications in sensing, water capture and adhesion. By examining hairs as a functional mechanical unit, geometry and arrangement can be rationally designed to generate new engineering devices and ideas.

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Ijäs, Tero. "Design Under Randomness: How Variation Affects the Engineering of Biological Systems." Biological Theory 13, no. 3 (February 7, 2018): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13752-018-0294-x.

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Marquez-Florez, Kalenia, Santiago Arroyave-Tobon, and Jean-Marc Linares. "From biological morphogenesis to engineering joint design: A bio-inspired algorithm." Materials & Design 225 (January 2023): 111466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111466.

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Bashor, Caleb J., and James J. Collins. "Understanding Biological Regulation Through Synthetic Biology." Annual Review of Biophysics 47, no. 1 (May 20, 2018): 399–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biophys-070816-033903.

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Engineering synthetic gene regulatory circuits proceeds through iterative cycles of design, building, and testing. Initial circuit designs must rely on often-incomplete models of regulation established by fields of reductive inquiry—biochemistry and molecular and systems biology. As differences in designed and experimentally observed circuit behavior are inevitably encountered, investigated, and resolved, each turn of the engineering cycle can force a resynthesis in understanding of natural network function. Here, we outline research that uses the process of gene circuit engineering to advance biological discovery. Synthetic gene circuit engineering research has not only refined our understanding of cellular regulation but furnished biologists with a toolkit that can be directed at natural systems to exact precision manipulation of network structure. As we discuss, using circuit engineering to predictively reorganize, rewire, and reconstruct cellular regulation serves as the ultimate means of testing and understanding how cellular phenotype emerges from systems-level network function.

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Bhasin, Devesh, and Daniel McAdams. "The Characterization of Biological Organization, Abstraction, and Novelty in Biomimetic Design." Designs 2, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040054.

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Through billions of years of evolution, a latent record of successful and failed design practices has developed in nature. The endeavors to exploit this record have resulted in numerous successful products in various fields of engineering, including, but not limited to, networking, propulsion, surface engineering, and robotics. In this work, a study of existing biomimetic designs has been carried out by categorizing the designs according to the biological organizational level, the abstraction level, and a novelty measure. The criterion of novelty has been used as a partial measure of the quality of bio-inspired and biomimetic designs already introduced, or ready to be introduced to the market. Through this review and categorization, we recognize patterns in existing biomimetic and bio-inspired products by analyzing their cross-categorical distribution. Using the distribution, we identify the categories which yield novel bio-inspired designs. We also examine the distribution to identify less explored areas of bio-inspired design. Additionally, this study is a step forward in aiding the practitioners of biomimetics in identifying the categories which yield the highest novelty products in their area of interest.

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Waters, D. A. "Echolocation in air: Biological systems, technical challenges, and transducer design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes504.

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Echolocation systems used by bats may be used by engineers wishing to emulate the performance of these biological systems. Comparisons are made between biosonar systems based on water and air, the signal structures used by animals echolocating in air, and the limits on resolution. The current thinking in how biological systems operate are discussed, as are the engineering challenges of replicating the performance levels demonstrated by echolocating animals.

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Hamza, Alnazier O., Fatima A. Ebraheem, Alaa K. Abbas, Alaa M. Abaza, Halah E. Karrar, and Fatehia B. Garma. "Design Biological Phantom for Human Breast." Journal of Clinical Engineering 38, no. 3 (2013): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jce.0b013e31829a2b65.

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Yu, Zhiwei, Yifan Zeng, and Ce Guo. "Mechanical Design and Performance Analysis of a Weevil-Inspired Jumping Mechanism." Machines 10, no. 3 (February 22, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10030161.

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Jumping mechanisms constitute an important means of resolution in applications such as crossing uneven terrain and space exploration. However, the traditional design mainly uses engineering design thinking, but seldom studies the structural characteristics of organisms themselves and lacks biomimetic research basis, which leads to the difference between jumping mechanism and biological structure and its jumping ability. On the other hand, it lacks in-depth study on biological jumping mechanism from the view of engineering. Weevil has excellent jumping performance, and its key jumper structure is specially designed by biologist. To investigate the motion mechanism and working mechanism of the jumping mechanisms, this paper takes the weevil as the bionic object, and designs a weevil-inspired jumping mechanism. A miniature prototype is designed to reproduce weevil’s jumping mechanism with its working principle and anatomical structure to verify how weevil’s jumping mechanisms work, and turns out to perform well at jumping height. This paper is presented the anatomical structure and working principle of the weevil jumping mechanism, followed by explanation and analysis of its kinematics and dynamics, then performing virtual prototype simulations to compare different design schemes, with results guiding the parameter optimization and subjecting a prototype machine into a height test. In comparisons among existing jumping mechanisms whose jumping method is bio-inspired, the present design, which weighs 44.7 g and can jump to a maximum height of 2 m. The present research establishes a biologically inspired working principle and provides a new practical archetype in biologically inspired studies.

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Raganati, Francesca, and Alessandra Procentese. "Special Issue on “Bioreactor System: Design, Modeling and Continuous Production Process”." Processes 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 1936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10101936.

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Holder, Taylor, Laura Pottmeyer, and Frackson Mumba. "Slime Mold Quarantine: An Engineering-Design-Integrated Biology Unit." American Biology Teacher 81, no. 8 (October 1, 2019): 570–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.8.570.

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Students often find it challenging to learn about complex and abstract biological processes. Using the engineering design process, which involves designing, building, and testing prototypes, can help students visualize the processes and anchor ideas from lab activities. We describe an engineering-design-integrated biology unit designed for high school students in which they learn about the properties of slime molds, the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and the iterative nature of the engineering design process. Using the engineering design process, students were successful in quarantining the slime mold from the non-inoculated oats. A t-test revealed statistically significant differences in students' understanding of slime mold characteristics, the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and the engineering design process before and after the unit. Overall, students demonstrated sound understanding of the biology core ideas and engineering design skills inherent in this unit.

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Andreadakis, Andreas D. "Design of Multistage Rotating Biological Contactors." Journal of Environmental Engineering 113, no. 1 (February 1987): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1987)113:1(199).

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Huang, Jia-Yen, and Shih-Tian Siao. "Development of an integrated bionic design system." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 310–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-08-2014-0057.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose an integrated bionic optimal design system to assist engineers in bionic design tasks. In this age of ecological awareness and sustainability, engineers are increasingly applying bionics to their product designs. A recent surge of research on bionics has presented new opportunities and challenges. To deal with these challenges, an integrated design system equipped with the capabilities of conducting biologically inspired design, solving technical contradictions, optimizing design parameters and verifying design effectiveness is required. Design/methodology/approach This study proposes a two-level analysis to help decision makers conduct multi-faceted observation and assessment on conceptual bionic design. The contradictions incurred when transferring biological principals to engineering design are solved using BioTRIZ, and the conceptual design is then created. This study conducts computer-aided engineering analysis, incorporating the Taguchi method and TOPSIS method, to obtain the optimal design of bionic products. Findings The proposed design process focuses on improving the product structure instead of changing the materials, and thus, the authors are able to put the goals of saving energy, environmental protection and sustainability into practice. Practical implications Through the design and analysis processes, the authors prove that their designed bionic-fan can effectively enhance operational efficiency and reduce the aerodynamic noise. The system can provide a practical tool for engineers intending to accomplish complete designs and verifications using bionics. Originality/value Most existing design methodologies that have attempted to combine biology with engineering design have fallen short in their level of thoroughness. This study proposes a complete bionic design system by integrating the processes of bionic-inspired design, optimization and verification.

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Hoersch, Daniel. "Engineering a light-controlled F1ATPase using structure-based protein design." PeerJ 4 (July 28, 2016): e2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2286.

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The F1sub-complex of ATP synthase is a biological nanomotor that converts the free energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work with an astonishing efficiency of up to 100% (Kinosita et al., 2000). To probe the principal mechanics of the machine, I re-engineered the active site ofE.coliF1ATPase with a structure-based protein design approach: by incorporation of a site-specific, photoswitchable crosslinker, whose end-to-end distance can be modulated by illumination with light of two different wavelengths, a dynamic constraint was imposed on the inter-atomic distances of the α and β subunits. Crosslinking reduced the ATP hydrolysis activity of four designs tested in vitro and in one case created a synthetic ATPase whose activity can be reversibly modulated by subsequent illumination with near UV and blue light. The work is a first step into the direction of the long-term goal to design nanoscaled machines based on biological parts that can be precisely controlled by light.

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Zhang, Peng, Xindi Li, Zifeng Nie, Fei Yu, and Wei Liu. "A Trimming Design Method Based on Bio-Inspired Design for System Innovation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094060.

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The application of design knowledge determines the innovativeness of a technical scheme obtained by trimming (a tool for problem analysis and solving in TRIZ). However, limitations in the knowledge, experience and expertise of designers constrain the range of design knowledge that they can apply, thus reducing the effectiveness of trimming. In this paper, biological strategies are introduced to the trimming process to compensate for limitations imposed by the insufficient professional knowledge of designers, thereby improving design innovation. Therefore, this paper proposes a new design method that combines the trimming method and bio-inspired design (BID). First, a trimming analysis of the target system is carried out. Taking the missing functions of the trimmed system as a potential breakthrough point, a keyword search mode based on “V(verb)O(object)P(property) + the effect/features of the associated function” is used to search for biological prototypes in the biological knowledge base. Second, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to analyze the biological prototypes from three dimensions, namely, compatibility, completeness and feasibility, and the best-matching biological prototype is selected. Finally, the biological solution is transformed into an engineering design scheme through a resource derivation process based on structure–function–attribute analogies. The proposed method can expand the range of design solutions by adding biological strategies as a new resource to solve trimming problems. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by redesigning a steel tape armoring machine.

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Bai, Zhonghang, Meijia Song, Xu Zhang, and Jiahui Zhang. "Biological Prototype Acquisition Based on Biological Coupling in Bionic Design." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8458243.

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Because the judgment basis in the process of biological prototype screening is highly subjective, and because it is difficult to generate a scheme when using multiple biological prototypes for bionic design, this work proposes a biological prototype retrieval and matching method for multibiological prototype bionic design. Using BioTRIZ in combination with biological coupling mechanism analysis, orthogonal analysis, and the calculation of the goodness value of the scheme, a multibiological prototype bionic design model is constructed. First, the biological prototype contradictions matrix is obtained by BioTRIZ. Then, a biological coupling mechanism analysis is carried out to calculate the goodness value of the auxiliary scheme to further evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the biological prototype. The orthogonal analysis is then conducted to select the optimal biological prototype combination scheme. Finally, the best biological prototype combination scheme is transformed into the final design scheme according to the biological coupling mode prompts. According to this process, the innovative design of an automatic food threading machine was carried out, and an experiment was conducted for verification. The results demonstrate that the machine after bionic improvement could meet the design requirements, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the established design model were verified.

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Zhang, Hui, Wanan Sheng, Zhimin Zha, and George Aggidis. "A Preliminary Study on Identifying Biomimetic Entities for Generating Novel Wave Energy Converters." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072485.

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Biomimetics and creatures could contribute to novel design inspiration for wave energy converters, as we have seen numerous examples in applications of other branches of engineering. However, the issue of how to obtain valuable biological entities, or bionic design cases, that could produce inspiration for novel designs, may be challenging for the designers of wave energy converters (WECs). This study carries out preliminary research on the acquisition of biological entities for designers, to obtain innovative bio-inspired ideas for designing novel WECs. In the proposed method, the first step is to draw out engineering terminologies based on the function, structure, and energy extraction principles of existing WECs. Then, by applying WordNet, candidate biological terminologies can be obtained. Next, using AskNature, along with manual selection and filtering, biological terminologies can be acquired. The last step is to use the biological terminologies to establish the reference biological entities, and to use the information and knowledge of these entities in the design of an innovative WEC. Using the proposed methodology, a novel WEC was conceived and verified.

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Huang, Rui, David C. Luther, Xianzhi Zhang, Aarohi Gupta, Samantha A. Tufts, and Vincent M. Rotello. "Engineering the Interface between Inorganic Nanoparticles and Biological Systems through Ligand Design." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11041001.

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Nanoparticles (NPs) provide multipurpose platforms for a wide range of biological applications. These applications are enabled through molecular design of surface coverages, modulating NP interactions with biosystems. In this review, we highlight approaches to functionalize nanoparticles with “small” organic ligands (Mw < 1000), providing insight into how organic synthesis can be used to engineer NPs for nanobiology and nanomedicine.

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Mattheck, C. "DESIGN AND GROWTH RULES FOR BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURES AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ENGINEERING." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 13, no. 5 (September 1990): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00623.x.

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Madhav, Manu S., and Robert W. Nickl. "Mimicry or Scrutiny? Striking a Partnership Between Engineering Design and Biological Research." IEEE Potentials 34, no. 2 (March 2015): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2014.2359338.

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Fernandez, Cristina E., Hardean E. Achneck, William M. Reichert, and George A. Truskey. "Biological and engineering design considerations for vascular tissue engineered blood vessels (TEBVs)." Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering 3 (February 2014): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coche.2013.12.001.

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Seo, Sang Woo, and Gyoo Yeol Jung. "Synthetic regulatory RNAs as tools for engineering biological systems: Design and applications." Chemical Engineering Science 103 (November 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2013.01.017.

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Drack, Manfred, and Oliver Betz. "A technomorphic conceptualisation of biological ‘constructions’ and their evolution." Vertebrate Zoology 72 (September 9, 2022): 839–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e86968.

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Here, we build on earlier work concerning notions of engineering design and investigate their conceptual connection to evolutionary biology. The basis for this work is an engineering design schema covering the central concepts of function, working principle and construction. Its relevance for evolutionary biology is explored by connecting these concepts to the so-called design space that is used in engineering optimisation. This tool makes it possible to distinguish various optima of performance and to visualise their robustness with respect to disturbances or changes in parameters. The robustness of morphological ‘constructions’ with regard to changes of shape is shown by means of examples from engineering and biology. The characteristics of various ‘landscapes’ in the design space is then related to the concept of evolvability, whereby we explore analogies between systems biology and morphology. A general property of phenotypes from the molecular to the organismal level seems to be that their ‘construction’ facilitates both their robustness and their exploration of the design space while maintaining the performance of the relevant functions at a high level.

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Lee, Sooyeon, Daniel A. McAdams, and Elissa Morris. "Categorizing biological information based on function–morphology for bioinspired conceptual design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 31, no. 3 (December 5, 2016): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000500.

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AbstractA function-based keyword search is a concept generation methodology studied in the bioinspired design area that conveys textual biological inspiration for engineering design. Current keyword search methods are inefficient primarily due to the knowledge gap between engineering and biology domains. To improve current keyword search methods, we propose an algorithm that extracts and organizes morphology-based solutions from biological text. WordNet is utilized to discover morphological solutions in biological text. The novel algorithm also adapts latent semantic analysis and the expectation–maximization algorithm to categorize morphological solutions and group biological text. We introduce a novel penalty function that reflects the distance between functions (problems) and morphologies (solutions). The penalty function allows the algorithm to extract morphological solutions directly related to a design problem. We compare the output of the algorithm to manually extracted solutions for validation. A case study is included to exemplify the utility of the developed algorithm. Upon implementation of the algorithm, engineering designers can discover innovative solutions in biological text in a straightforward, efficient manner.

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Vandevenne, Dennis, Paul-Armand Verhaegen, Simon Dewulf, and Joost R. Duflou. "SEABIRD: Scalable search for systematic biologically inspired design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, no. 1 (April 29, 2015): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000177.

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AbstractAs more and more people are increasingly turning to nature for design inspiration, tools and methodologies are developed to support the systematic bioideation process. State-of-the-art approaches struggle with expanding their knowledge bases because of interactive work required by humans per biological strategy. As an answer to this persistent challenge, a scalable search for systematic biologically inspired design (SEABIRD) system is proposed. This system leverages experience from the product aspects in design by analogy tool that identifies candidate products for between-domain design by analogy. SEABIRD is based on two conceptual representations, product and organism aspects, extracted from, respectively, a patent and a biological database, that enable leveraging the ever growing body of natural-language biological texts in the systematic bioinspired design process by eliminating interactive work by humans during corpus expansion. SEABIRD's search is illustrated and validated with three well-known biologically inspired design cases.

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Scherge, M., and S. N. Gorb. "Using biological principles to design MEMS." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 10, no. 3 (June 13, 2000): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/10/3/309.

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Popescu, Dan M., and Sean X. Sun. "Building the space elevator: lessons from biological design." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (October 2018): 20180086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0086.

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One of the biggest perceived challenges in building megastructures, such as the space elevator, is the unavailability of materials with sufficient tensile strength. The presumed necessity of very strong materials stems from a design paradigm which requires structures to operate at a small fraction of their maximum tensile strength (usually, 50% or less). This criterion limits the probability of failure by giving structures sufficient leeway in handling stochastic components, such as variability in material strength and/or external forces. While reasonable for typical engineering structures, low working stress ratios—defined as operating stress as a fraction of ultimate tensile strength—in the case of megastructures are both too stringent and unable to adequately control the failure probability. We draw inspiration from natural biological structures, such as bones, tendons and ligaments, which are made up of smaller substructures and exhibit self-repair, and suggest a design that requires structures to operate at significantly higher stress ratios, while maintaining reliability through a continuous repair mechanism. We outline a mathematical framework for analysing the reliability of structures with components exhibiting probabilistic rupture and repair that depend on their time-in-use (age). Further, we predict time-to-failure distributions for the overall structure. We then apply this framework to the space elevator and find that a high degree of reliability is achievable using currently existing materials, provided it operates at sufficiently high working stress ratios, sustained through an autonomous repair mechanism, implemented via, e.g. robots.

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Siddharth, L., and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "Evaluating the impact of Idea-Inspire 4.0 on analogical transfer of concepts." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060418000136.

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AbstractThe biological domain has the potential to offer a rich source of analogies to solve engineering design problems. However, due to the complexity embedded in biological systems, adding to the lack of structured, detailed, and searchable knowledge bases, engineering designers find it hard to access the knowledge in the biological domain, which therefore poses challenges in understanding the biological concepts in order to apply these concepts to engineering design problems. In order to assist the engineering designers in problem-solving, we report, in this paper, a web-based tool called Idea-Inspire 4.0 that supports analogical design using two broad features. First, the tool provides access to a number of biological systems using a searchable knowledge base. Second, it explains each one of these biological systems using a multi-modal representation: that is, using function decomposition model, text, function model, image, video, and audio. In this paper, we report two experiments that test how well the multi-modal representation in Idea-Inspire 4.0 supports understanding and application of biological concepts in engineering design problems. In one experiment, we use Bloom's method to test “analysis” and “synthesis” levels of understanding of a biological system. In the next experiment, we provide an engineering design problem along with a biological-analogous system and examine the novelty and requirement-satisfaction (two major indicators of creativity) of resulting design solutions. In both the experiments, the biological system (analogue) was provided using Idea-Inspire 4.0 as well as using a conventional text-image representation so that the efficacy of Idea-Inspire 4.0 is tested using a benchmark.

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Vanhooren, Henk, Jurgen Meirlaen, Youri Amerlinck, Filip Claeys, Hans Vangheluwe, and Peter A. Vanrolleghem. "WEST: modelling biological wastewater treatment." Journal of Hydroinformatics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2003.0003.

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Modelling is considered to be an inherent part of the design and operation of a wastewater treatment system. The models used in practice range from conceptual models and physical design models (laboratory-scale or pilot-scale reactors) to empirical or mechanistic mathematical models. These mathematical models can be used during the design, operation and optimisation of a wastewater treatment system. To do so, a good software tool is indispensable. WEST is a general modelling and simulation environment and can, together with a model base, be used for this task. The model base presented here is specific for biological wastewater treatment and is written in MSL-USER. In this high-level object-oriented language, the dynamics of systems can be represented along with symbolic information. In WEST's graphical modelling environment, the physical layout of the plant can be rebuilt, and each building block can be linked to a specific model from the model base. The graphical information is then combined with the information in the model base to produce MSL-EXEC code, which can be compiled with a C++ compiler. In the experimentation environment, the user can design different experiments, such as simulations and optimisations of, for instance, designs, controllers and model fits to data (calibration).

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DiEuliis, Diane. "Perspective: The Rapidly Expanding Need for Biosecurity by Design." BioDesign Research 2022 (June 1, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9809058.

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Advancing biotechnologies are revolutionizing not only health and medicine, but also many different sectors such as agriculture, energy, chemistry, and textiles. As synthetic biology is leveraged as a programmable platform for the creation and biodesign of high-value biological medicines, foods, and commodities, the world is facing new territory in terms of ensuring the safety and security of both novel and engineered biological organisms, as well as the biological and digital platforms in which they are designed. Biosecurity practices and policies have traditionally revolved around preventing the misuse of biological pathogens, primarily through controlling access to pathogens. The advent of biodesign capabilities, such as gene editors, gene synthesis capabilities, and genetic engineering, requires a reevaluation of traditional biosecurity policies to mitigate risks associated with such engineering of biological entities. Here, features of “Biosecurity by Design” approaches are described, including the application of risk/benefit analysis and risk mitigation, post-COVID opportunities, and ethical global norms in the progression of biodesign and growing bioeconomies.

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Herricks, E. E., B. E. Rittmann, C. P. L. Grady, D. Pascoe, L. Somlyódy, E. Fleit, J. Olah, et al. "Advancements in Toxicity Testing Applied to Design and Control of Biological Processes." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1991): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0425.

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Toxicity testing is an essential tool for assessing the effects of, and fate of, many low-concentration toxicants in wastewater treatment systems. Toxicity testing can be divided into two parts: diagnostic toxicology evaluates the toxicity of a contaminant, effluent, or process, and toxicological engineering bases engineering design on the removal or production of toxicity. This paper presents six recent advancements in diagnostic toxicology and toxicological engineering identified by members of the Specialty Group on Hazard Assessment and Control of Environmental Contaminants. They are: (1) an ecological framework for applying toxicity testing, (2) biological early warning systems for on-line detection of toxic inputs, (3) inplant testing to detect and mitigate a toxic upset, (4) methods for rapid and cost-effective detection of genotoxins, (5) an approach for determining what discharged component must be controlled to eliminate an ecosystem disturbance, and (6) an application of process kinetics to design biological processes that are resistant to toxic upsets.

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Kroiss, Helmut. "DESIGN AND DESIGN EV ALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0145.

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We are facing a rapid development of more stringent effluent standards and new biological treatment processes during the last decade. At the same time we recognise strong differences between the actual water protection situation in different countries of the world, e.g. between the western and the eastern European or northern and southern American states. We are also aware of a trend towards privatisation of the water industry, resulting in turnkey bids including even operation of the treatment plants. This development results in a new challenge for a scientific based process selection and comparison. One of the basic questions to be answered by international co-operation is: What information is necessary for the characterisation of the specific local problem to be solved, and how can the results of different design solutions be compared in regard to reliability and treatment efficiency? Reliability and even treatment efficiency up to now have not been defined exactly enough for a sound comparison of different treatment processes or sequences of processes. If this problem cannot be solved on an international basis it will be very difficult to base such comparisons on a cost benefit (=water protection) calculation. As a consequence less important and inadequate criteria will play the decisive role. One of the methods to evaluate design procedures and process selections is a scientifically based evaluation of the results from full scale treatment plants. The actual standard of reports in literature on full scale experience is not sufficient to reach this goal in most of the cases. Two schemes try to show the complexity of the design procedure and the evaluation of full scale experience for design evaluation and could be used as a starting point of an international co-operation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biological engineering design'

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