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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biological diversity conservation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Biological diversity conservation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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Rios, Eustacio, and Elsa Zardini. "Conservation of Biological Diversity in Paraguay." Conservation Biology 3, no. 2 (June 1989): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1989.tb00062.x.

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Rabbimova, Farida. "THE ROLE OF THE GENE POOL IN THE CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF HISTORY 02, no. 06 (June 16, 2021): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/history-crjh-02-06-06.

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This article examines the importance of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the conservation of biodiversity. Uzbekistan is a relatively agrarian country and largely depends on the state of natural biological resources.

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DI MININ, ENRICO, DOUGLAS CRAIG MACMILLAN, PETER STYAN GOODMAN, BOYD ESCOTT, ROB SLOTOW, and ATTE MOILANEN. "Conservation Businesses and Conservation Planning in a Biological Diversity Hotspot." Conservation Biology 27, no. 4 (April 8, 2013): 808–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12048.

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Vane-Wright, R. I. "Systematics and the Conservation of Biological Diversity." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 83, no. 1 (1996): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2399967.

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Pipkin, James. "Biological diversity conservation: A public policy perspective." Environmental Management 20, no. 6 (November 1996): 793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01205958.

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BAWA, KAMALJIT S., NITIN D. RAI, and NAVJOT S. SODHI. "Rights, Governance, and Conservation of Biological Diversity." Conservation Biology 25, no. 3 (February 10, 2011): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01640.x.

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Elder, P. S. "Biological Diversity and Alberta Law." Alberta Law Review 34, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1084.

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Biological diversity refers to the rich variety of all life forms presently on Earth. It is important to preserve and maximize biological diversity, because of its intrinsic value and its value to human survival and wellbeing. In order to do so, the author argues, a broad ecosystem management approach to species conservation is necessary. Numerous Alberta statutes are examined comprehensively to determine their effects and potential effects on biological diversity. The ecosystem management approach to species conservation is not prominent in Alberta law. Outside of National Park land, very little of Alberta's area offers protection for biological diversity. While the administration of some Acts (such as the EPEA and the Natural Resources Conservation Act) shows promise, a lack of specific duties permits decisions adverse to biological diversity. Changes to Alberta's planning legislation may be beneficial, through the regulation of development on private land. Because of the prime importance given to economic development in various Alberta statutes, the possibility exists for significant adverse impacts to biological diversity. The author recommends a number of legal reforms. These include the addition of explicit purpose sections in relevant legislation, the imposition of a positive duty on decision-makers to consider sustainability and biological diversity, and the creation of incentive programs to encourage private property owners to set aside habitat areas.

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Bowman (Hrsg.), Michael, and Catherine Redgwell (Hrsg.). "International Law and the Conservation of Biological Diversity." Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 30, no. 1 (1997): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1997-1-97.

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Rice, Robert A., and Russell Greenberg. "Cacao Cultivation and the Conservation of Biological Diversity." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 29, no. 3 (May 2000): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-29.3.167.

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Morgera, Elisa, and Elsa Tsioumani. "1. Nature Conservation: Natural Lands and Biological Diversity." Yearbook of International Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 263–332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs086.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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Schaefer, Sandra M. "An Assessment of Methods for Testing the Reliability of Wildlife Occurrence Models Used in Gap Analysis." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SchaeferSM2002.pdf.

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Zhang, Li. "Diversity and conservation of Hong Kong bryophytes." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23316731.

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Chu, Wing-hing. "Conservation of terrestrial biodiversity in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19737439.

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Kelly, Andrew Harley Heron. "The role of local government in the conservation of biodiversity." Faculty of Law, 2004. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/386.

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This thesis comprises a critical review of the role of Local Government in the conservation of biological diversity (or ‘biodiversity’). Whilst the vast majority of the text relates to NSW, much of the broader commentary may extend to other Australian jurisdictions. The nub of the thesis is that despite the rhetoric in key documents – including the National Strategy for the Conservation of Australia’s Biological Diversity, the NSW Biodiversity Strategy, the National Local Government Biodiversity Strategy and various plans and policies made at the municipal level – the outlook is grim without fundamental policy, legal and fiscal change. The topic is huge but crucial to any person concerned about the mammoth decline of biodiversity in Australia. Whilst being intrinsically transdisciplinary in nature, the thesis attempts to contribute to the ‘new production of knowledge’.¹ It raises issues, problems, ideas and recommendations. The work is based on: • A literary search until 2001. The long gap between this date and thesis submission is due to a severe illness suffered by the author, which arose in late Dec 2001.² • Empirical research into: o nine 1998/1999 ‘state of environment’ reports prepared for by councils located roughly in or around the ‘NSW South-western Slopes’ bioregion that is recognised for the extremely limited extent of remnant native vegetation; o conservation related clauses in all gazetted ‘comprehensive’ Local Environmental Plans - i.e. those applying to entire Local Government areas - prepared by councils between 1995 and 2000 inclusively and which remain in force; • Personal discussion with various officials and onlookers directly involved in, or concerned about, biodiversity conservation at the municipal level. Brief summaries of each chapter are provided herein. The introduction initiates discussion on (i) the meaning of ‘biodiversity’, including its shift from a scientific concept to a populist expression, (ii) the position of councils in Australian government and (iii) the significance of biodiversity conservation at the local sphere. It also introduces two related concepts that are met throughout the thesis, which arguably erode council conservation capability: Local Government’s ‘historical and cultural baggage’ and the ‘ratepayer ideology’. The following three chapters provide the ‘historical and institutional’ context. Chapter Two focuses on changing societal perspectives towards the biophysical environment, together with resultant statutory and environmental trends that have paralleled the advancement of Local Government. Chapter Three traces the history of NSW Local Government, demonstrating its entrenchment in the political landscape. It examines major changes, especially functional expansion and managerial reform. Chapter Four scrutinises a particular aspect of municipal experience, namely top-down and bottom-up cooperation between neighbouring councils. This chapter adds consideration of state appointed regional bodies that may arguably sideline Local Government. The regional context is fundamental to environmental management due to the inappropriateness of many council boundaries. The next three chapters concentrate on legislative and financial detail. Chapter Five reviews the Local Government Act 1993 (NSW), which provides wide service powers, limited regulatory opportunity and special requirements for council-owned land. Chapter Six explores the land-use planning system under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW), especially the ongoing influence of its urban background. It raises the perennial influence of ‘developmentalism’ in the determination of applications for development, which directly benefits property interests. Recent statutory change, especially in relation to ‘threatened species’ law, may do little more than support informed habitat destruction. A closely related matter is funding, as discussed throughout Chapter Seven. The issue goes beyond insufficiency. It is argued that Local Government’s primary financial source - i.e. rating, a property tax - works against biodiversity conservation. Not only is there no policy rationale to support rating in the conservation context but the system can provide a ‘perverse incentive’ to rural landholders to clear their lands. This problem is exacerbated by the type of valuation and differential rates. The system demands major overhaul, including consideration of increased conditional Commonwealth funding. The following two chapters relate to attitudes towards the biophysical environment that are popular amongst the general community. Chapter Eight considers the provision of vegetated, passive recreational open space whilst Chapter Nine deals with securing and enhancing local amenity. These approaches, however, can be directly inconsistent with biodiversity conservation. Parochial ‘green’ desires of local constituents can lead to environmental damage. Notwithstanding this, Chapter Ten provides some impressive examples of Local Government supporting biodiversity conservation. But these are isolated and rely on committed individuals. Whilst the pervasive prospect throughout this thesis is one of gloom, the concluding chapter builds on previous discussion by presenting ideas and recommendations to improve the role of Local Government in conserving biodiversity. It emphasises the need for regional approaches, improved funding mechanisms and fresh visions. Councils with bigger areas, supported by community structures to maintain ‘grass roots’ public participation, together with massive change to Local Government funding, may provide a desirable path for municipal reform and retention of Australia’s precious biodiversity. The law discussed throughout this work stands at 1 Jan 2003. Major changes since then are noted in the Postscript.¹ See ch 1 at 2.² On 31 Dec 2001, after hospitalisation for 9 days, the author was diagnosed as suffering from a malignant brain tumour, known as astrocytoma. It was removed in 2002, followed by heavy radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and a long period of torpor during which I lived the life a cat, sleeping for over twelve hours per day. I returned to this thesis in July 2002, then spending about 30 minutes per day which expanded over time, and recommenced part-time academic work in 2003. I am now convinced that I have left the cancer behind, being one of the fortunate 20% of astrocytoma sufferers to survive, supported by a medical team of professional excellence.

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Crook, Carolyn. "Biodiversity prospecting agreements evaluating their economic and conservation benefits in Costa Rica and Peru /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58978.pdf.

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Cheung, chi-ming. "Improving environmental sustainability in Hong Kong : the role of biodiversity /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2524789x.

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Marshall, Lynn P. "Conservation of biological diversity in Canada, pristine wilderness or mythical camelot?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24880.pdf.

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Brown, Maryfrances McGrath. "A description of floral diversity in the southern Appalachians with forest management considerations for conservation /." This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020143/.

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Kassel, Samantha J. "Selecting species as indicators of ecological integrity a conceptual model based on mammals of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ27357.pdf.

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Gyllin, Mats. "Biological diversity in urban environments : positions, values and estimation methods /." Alnarp : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00000566/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004.
Appendix consists of reprints of five manuscripts, four of which are co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially available online in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.

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Books on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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der, Zon Ton van, and Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. Voorlichtingsdienst Ontwikkelingssamenwerking., eds. Biological diversity. The Hague, Netherlands: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Development Cooperation Information Dept., 1995.

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United States. National Park Service, ed. Biological diversity. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 2002.

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United States. National Park Service., ed. Biological diversity. [Washington, D.C.?]: National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 2002.

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Nepal Academy of Science and Technology and WWF Nepal Program, eds. Biological diversity and conservation. Lalitpur: Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, 2013.

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Spellerberg, Ian F. Biological conservation. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Prof, Khan M. A., and Farooq S. Prof, eds. Environment, biodiversity, and conservation. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp., 2000.

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C, Gibson Arthur, and Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden., eds. Neotropical biodiversity and conservation. Los Angeles, Calif: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996.

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India. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Biological Diversity Rules, 2004. Chennai: National Biodiversity Authority, 2004.

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Technologies to maintain biological diversity. London: Science Information Resource Center, 1988.

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United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment., ed. Technologies to maintain biological diversity. Washington, D.C: Congress of the U.S., Office of Technology Assessment, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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Jenkins, Martin. "Biological Diversity." In The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests Africa, 26–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12961-4_3.

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Skinner, John. "Conservation of Biological Diversity." In The Future of Life and the Future of our Civilization, 349. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4968-2_41.

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Pearce, David, and Dominic Moran. "The Economics of Biological Diversity Conservation." In Conservation Biology, 384–409. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6051-7_16.

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Pearce, David, and Dominic Moran. "The Economics of Biological Diversity Conservation." In Conservation Biology, 384–409. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2880-4_16.

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Munasinghe, Mohan. "Valuation in the Management of Biological Diversity." In Biodiversity Conservation, 171–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0277-3_10.

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Harris, Larry D., and Gilberto Silva-Lopez. "Forest Fragmentation and the Conservation of Biological Diversity." In Conservation Biology, 197–237. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6426-9_8.

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Baldwin, Robert F. "Identifying Keystone Threats to Biological Diversity." In Landscape-scale Conservation Planning, 17–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9575-6_2.

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Britten, Hugh B., and Richard J. Baker. "Landscape Connections and Genetic Diversity." In Applying Landscape Ecology in Biological Conservation, 131–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0059-5_8.

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Munasinghe, Mohan. "Valuation in the Management of Biological Diversity." In Biodiversity Conservation: Problems and Policies, 162–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1006-8_10.

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Gupta, Abhik, and Susmita Gupta. "Threats to and conservation of biological diversity." In Environmental Issues and Challenges, 157–97. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032619873-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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Jonsson, Mattias, Benjamin Feit, Nico Bluethgen, and Cory Straub. "Can natural enemy diversity ensure stable biological control in the future?" In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108168.

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Teixidor-Toneu, Irene, and Global Diversity Foundation. "High Atlas cultural landscapes: Elucidating the links between cultural and biological diversity for conservation." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107249.

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Burenina, A. A., S. I. Mikhailova, and T. P. Astafurova. "Biological characteristics of species of the genus Amaranthus L. in the conditions of the Tomsk region." In Botanical Gardens as Centers for Study and Conservation of Phyto-Diversity. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-956-3-2020-8.

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Leonard-Pingel, Jill, Andrew Michelson, Julian Spergel, Katalina Kimball, Sarah Fitzpatrick, and Lisa Park Bousch. "Dead Shells Bring to Life Baselines for Conservation, Revealing Invisible Biodiversity Loss <sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09412.

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Cora, Hakan, Elnur Hasan Mikail, and Ali Nazmi Cora. "AN ANTHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON GREEN CITIES� SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION APPROACHES OF BIODIVERSITY." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s14.60.

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Urban areas are very rich in terms of biodiversity. The study's goal in this context is to develop proposals to ensure the sustainability of biodiversity, particularly in urban areas, by emphasizing the significance of biological diversity, which is the most important component of ecological systems and biological processes. Furthermore, it is intended to be a resource to be used in future studies on biological diversity, particularly in the context of the importance and sustainability of urban biodiversity. Biodiversity is a whole of genes, species, ecosystems and ecological events in a region. Biodiversity, from large to small part, consists of three major main parts and a fourth part that connects these three parts. These are ecosystem diversity, species diversity, genetic diversity and diversity of ecological processes .In parallel with the developing technology since the nineteenth century, pressures on natural resources have increased as a result of human effects such as industrialization, population growth, urbanization, different types of pollution, forest fires, field openings, overgrazing, drying of wetlands, pollution caused by pesticides used in agriculture, excessive and unconscious use of resources. In terms of protecting and improving the quality of nature and the environment, ensuring the continuity of the natural structures of biological riches and population sizes is important for the protection and development of species and their habitats. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the data related to the biological entity and analyze it correctly. Urban areas are very complex. Cities, in addition to constituting the majority of the world's population, focus disproportionately on the global economy and decision-making power. Furthermore, despite covering only about 2% of the Earth's surface, urban areas consume 75% of its resources. Cities, however, can be a powerful catalyst for greener economies as a hub for social and political movements as well as centers of technological and corporate knowledge and innovation. Cities are arguably the most important elements in the development of the green economy due to their growing size and importance around the world. Cities' management may be more sensitive to pressing issues while receiving some relief from competing national interests (e.g., regional development agendas and sector lobbies) and responsibilities (such as national defense costs). Urban transition activities are becoming increasingly important in the implementation of global environmental policies such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Depending on their level of development and spatial organization, different cities' green economies will take on different identities. The protection of urban areas is important because of the protection and sustainability of the species' habitats. From this point of view, ecosystem, species and genetic diversity should be considered and evaluated together in the conservation of biodiversity in urban areas. To ensure the sustainability of biodiversity, in-situ and exsitu conservation approaches need to be applied together.

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DERDABI, Mohamed Rida, and Mustapha Aksissou. "The Future Marine Protected Area “Jbel Moussa”: Balance between Conservation Measures and Fishermen Well-Being <sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09393.

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Koutsikos, Nicholas, Leonidas Vardakas, Stamatis Zogaris, and Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi. "Overlapping Areas of Non-Indigenous and Critically Endangered Freshwater Fishes: Setting Conservation Priorities in Greece <sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09409.

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Raiskaya, Yu G. "Peculiar populational and biological characteristics of species of the genus Cypripedium L. in the conditions of Southern Evenkia («Tungusky» reserve)." In Botanical Gardens as Centers for Study and Conservation of Phyto-Diversity. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-956-3-2020-50.

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Danchenko, M. A., and S. A. Kabanova. "PROBLEMS OF CONSERVATION OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF FOREST RESOURCES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-5.

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For the Republic of Kazakhstan, the problem of preserving the biological diversity of forest resources is particularly acute. Sustainable forest management is one of the fundamental principles of public administration in the field of use, protection, and conservation of forest resources in Kazakhstan. On the basis of many years of research, the authors of the article formulate the main problems and develop recommendations for sustainable management of forest resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

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Chibilyov (jr.), A. A., D. S. Meleshkin, and D. V. Grigorevsky. "CHARACTERISTICS OF INDICATORS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN SPNA OF ASIAN RUSSIA STEPPE REGIONS." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-29.

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The analysis of the quantitative and area characteristics of the protected areas of the steppe regions of the Asian part of Russia is carried out, the specific of the nature reserve complex of each region is revealed, and the structure of protected plant and animal species in the studied regions is analyzed.

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Reports on the topic "Biological diversity conservation"

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Wallace, Robert, Omar Torrico, R. Porcel, and Enrique Domic. Terrestrial Vertebrate Biological Diversity in Twelve Andes-Amazon Conservation Mosaics. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.42501.

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Wallace, Robert, Omar Torrico, and Vladimir Paye. Biological Diversity of Three Vertebrate Groups in Five Landscapes Supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society in the Andes-Amazon. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.42011.

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Bravo, Adriana, James Gibbs, Jennifer Griffiths, Ian J. Harrison, and Ana Porzecanski. What Is Biodiversity? Analyzing Data to Compare and Conserve Spider Communities. American Museum of Natural History, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0013.

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In this exercise, students will classify and analyze data on spider communities to explore the concept of biological diversity and experience its application to decision-making in biological conservation. This exercise was adapted to further develop data analysis skills. Specifically, this exercise asks students to 1) create an appropriate and informative graph, 2) interpret trends and patterns in the graph, 3) understand and correctly solve equations, and 4) make well-reasoned conclusions from data.

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Miller, Eliot. Measuring Biodiversity Using R: A Comparison Of Diversity In Primary And Secondary Tropical Forests. American Museum of Natural History, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0156.

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This exercise is both a lesson in tropical forest restoration and a data analysis of metrics of biodiversity using R. The exercise contains background information, including two powerpoint presentations, using real data from the Bilsa rainforest in Ecuador on tropical bird diversity, and a guided tutorial for the use of R to analyze biodiversity metrics. The module also includes the complete R script with instructional notations as well as all necessary data files. By completing this exercise, students will: 1) distinguish some ways in which biological diversity can be quantified, 2) manipulate a real data set to quantify diversity, including the calculation of diversity indices, 3) identify and recommend conservation practices using the results, and 4) use the powerful open-source statistics program R.

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Shakya, B., E. Sharma, J. Gurung, and N. Chettri. The Landscape Approach in Biodiversity Conservation; A Regional Cooperation Framework for Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the Kangchenjunga Landscape. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.479.

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Shakya, B., E. Sharma, J. Gurung, and N. Chettri. The Landscape Approach in Biodiversity Conservation; A Regional Cooperation Framework for Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity in the Kangchenjunga Landscape. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.479.

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Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, Janis Alcorn, and Augusta Molnar. Cornered by Protected Areas: Replacing ‘Fortress’ Conservation with Rights-based Approaches Helps Bring Justice for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, Reduces Conflict, and Enables Cost-effective Conservation and Climate Action. Rights and Resources Initiative, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/exqc6889.

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Faced with growing environmental threats, governments and the international community have sought ways to halt biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and realize global climate and development priorities. Today, expanding the global network of protected areas is a key approach for achieving the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. But human pressure is increasing in and around protected areas, and far from improving the lives of those affected by the growing number of conservation initiatives, land and forest sequestration through “fortress” conservation approaches is creating chronic patterns of abuse and human-rights violations. In a context where many protected areas are underfunded and therefore limited in their capacity to deliver climate or biodiversity outcomes, the push for still more and even larger parks and conservation areas only stands to exacerbate the existing funding gap and the potential for injustice. Yet, despite widespread poverty and insecure resource rights, evidence shows that Indigenous Peoples and local communities are nevertheless spending their limited resources on conservation efforts and achieving outcomes that are at least equivalent to those of government-funded protected areas. As this brief shows, there is an urgent need to replace the fortress-conservation model with rights-based approaches to both improve conservation outcomes and end human-rights abuses committed in the name of conservation.

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Rajarajan, Kunasekaran, Alka Bharati, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Arun Kumar Handa, Kishor Gaikwad, Nagendra Kumar Singh, Kamal Prasad Mohapatra, et al. Status of perennial tree germplasm resources in India and their utilization in the context of global genome sequencing efforts. World Agroforestry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp20050.pdf.

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Tree species are characterized by their perennial growth habit, woody morphology, long juvenile period phase, mostly outcrossing behaviour, highly heterozygosity genetic makeup, and relatively high genetic diversity. The economically important trees have been an integral part of the human life system due to their provision of timber, fruit, fodder, and medicinal and/or health benefits. Despite its widespread application in agriculture, industrial and medicinal values, the molecular aspects of key economic traits of many tree species remain largely unexplored. Over the past two decades, research on forest tree genomics has generally lagged behind that of other agronomic crops. Genomic research on trees is motivated by the need to support genetic improvement programmes mostly for food trees and timber, and develop diagnostic tools to assist in recommendation for optimum conservation, restoration and management of natural populations. Research on long-lived woody perennials is extending our molecular knowledge and understanding of complex life histories and adaptations to the environment, enriching a field that has traditionally drawn its biological inference from a few short-lived herbaceous species. These concerns have fostered research aimed at deciphering the genomic basis of complex traits that are related to the adaptive value of trees. This review summarizes the highlights of tree genomics and offers some priorities for accelerating progress in the next decade.

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O'Connell, Kelly, David Burdick, Melissa Vaccarino, Colin Lock, Greg Zimmerman, and Yakuta Bhagat. Coral species inventory at War in the Pacific National Historical Park: Final report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302040.

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The War in the Pacific National Historical Park (WAPA), a protected area managed by the National Park Service (NPS), was established "to commemorate the bravery and sacrifice of those participating in the campaigns of the Pacific Theater of World War II and to conserve and interpret outstanding natural, scenic, and historic values on the island of Guam." Coral reef systems present in the park represent a vital element of Guam?s cultural, traditional, and economical heritage, and as such, are precious and in need of conservation. To facilitate the management of these resources, NPS determined that a scleractinian (stony coral) species survey was necessary to establish a baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation. EnviroScience, Inc. performed a survey of stony coral species, coral habitat, and current evidence of stressors at WAPA?s H?gat and Asan Units in 2022. This report summarizes these findings from a management perspective and compares its findings to previous survey data from 1977 and 1999 (Eldridge et al. 1977; Amesbury et al. 1999). WAPA is located on the tropical island of Guam, located on the west-central coast of the island, and encompasses 2,037 acres. Underwater resources are a significant component of the park, as 1,002 acres consists of water acres. The park is comprised of seven units, of which two of these, the H?gat and Asan Beach Units, include all the oceanic water acres for the park. The H?gat Beach Unit (local spelling, formerly known as ?Agat?) is located at the south-west portion of the park and consists of 38 land acres and 557 water acres (NPS 2003). The Asan Beach Unit consists of 109 acres of land and 445 water acres (NPS 2003). A current baseline for existing coral communities and other important factors for conservation necessitates the need for up-to-date data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and present health of corals. Park managers need this updated data to determine where and how to best focus conservation priorities and identify restoration opportunities. Management actions in park reef areas informed by this inventory included identifying locations where there were: high rates of sedimentation; high coral biomass; rare or threatened species, with a priority given to species endemic to Guam and listed as ?threatened? under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA; Acropora globiceps, A. retusa, A. speciosa, and Seriatopora aculeata); coral persistence and decline, disease and/or nuisance species, including the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris, ?COTS?) and the sponge Terpios hoshinota; and bleached areas. All work carried out was in accordance with the NPS statement of work (SOW) requirements, which involved a quantitative inventory using both new and pre-existing transects. The resulting transects totaled 61 (including the four from the 1999 study), each measuring 50 meters in length and distributed across depths of up to 50 feet. Divers took photo-quadrat samples covering an area of approximately 9 m?, encompassing 50 photo-quadrats of dimensions 0.50 m x 0.36 m (n=50). The collective area surveyed across all 61 transects amounted to ~549 m?. Additionally, a qualitative search was conducted to enhance documentation of coral species that have limited distribution and might not be captured by transects, along with identifying harmful species and stressors. Timed roving diver coral diversity surveys were carried out at a total of 20 sites occurring within the waters of WAPA, including eight sites at the H?gat unit and 12 sites at the Asan unit. The findings from this report reveal significant disparities in benthic cover compositions between H?gat and Asan units. The H?gat unit exhibits high abundances of turf algae and unconsolidated sediment while the Asan beach unit presents a different scenario, with hard coral as the dominant benthic cover, followed closely by crustose coralline algae (CCA). The Asan unit is also more difficult to access from shore or boat relative to H?gat which provides that unit some protection from human influences. The Asan beach unit's prevalence of hard coral, CCA, and colonizable substrate suggests a more favorable environment for reef growth and the potential benefits of maintaining robust coral cover in the area. These distinct differences in benthic communities highlight the contrasting ecological dynamics and habitats of the two study areas. Across both H?gat and Asan beach unit transects, a total of 56 hard coral species were recorded from 27 genera, with 44 species recorded from the H?gat unit and 48 species recorded from the Asan unit. Of the four historical transects surveyed in the Asan unit from 1999, three experienced declines in percent coral cover (17.38-78.72%), while the fourth had an increase (10.98%). During the timed roving diver coral diversity surveys, a total of 245 hard coral species, including 241 scleractinian coral species representing 49 genera and 4 non-scleractinian coral species representing 4 genera were recorded. Uncertainties related to coral identification, unresolved boundaries between morphospecies, differences in taxonomists' perspectives, and the rapidly evolving state of coral taxonomy have significant implications for species determinations during coral diversity surveys. While the recent surveys have provided valuable insights into coral diversity in WAPA waters, ongoing taxonomic research and collaboration among experts will be essential to obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of coral biodiversity in the region. Of the several ESA coral species that were searched for among the H?gat and Asan beach units, Acropora retusa was the only coral species found among quantitative transects (n=2) and A. globiceps was observed during coral diversity surveys. Acropora speciosa, which was dominant in the upper seaward slopes in 1977, is now conspicuously absent from all the surveys conducted in 2022 (Eldredge et al., 1977). The disappearance and reduction of these once-dominant species underscores the urgency of implementing conservation measures to safeguard the delicate balance of Guam's coral reefs and preserve the diversity and ecological integrity of these invaluable marine ecosystems. Other formerly common or locally abundant species were infrequently encountered during the diversity surveys, including Acropora monticulosa, A. sp. ?obtusicaulis?, A. palmerae, Stylophora sp. ?mordax?, Montipora sp. ?pagoensis?, and Millepora dichotoma. Significant bleaching-associated mortality was recorded for these species, most of which are restricted to reef front/margin zones exposed to moderate-to-high levels of wave energy. Sedimentation was present in both H?gat and the Asan units, though it was more commonly encountered in H?gat transects. While significant portions of the reef area within the WAPA H?gat unit are in poor condition due to a variety of stressors, some areas still hosted notable coral communities, which should be a potential focus for park management to prevent further degradation. There is a need for more effective management of point source pollution concerns, particularly when subpar wastewater treatment or runoff from areas with potential pollution or sediment-laden water is flowing from nearby terrestrial environments. Future monitoring efforts should aim to establish a framework that facilitates a deeper understanding of potential point source pollution incidents. This would empower park managers to collaborate with adjacent communities, both within and outside of park boundaries, to mitigate the localized impacts of pollution (McCutcheon and McKenna, 2021). COTS were encountered during transect surveys as well as in coral diversity surveys. including along the upper reef front/reef margin at site Agat-CS-2. The frequency of these observations, particularly in the WAPA H?gat unit and where stress-susceptible corals are already uncommonly encountered, raise concern about the ability of the populations of these coral species to recover following acute disturbance events, and calls in to question the ability of some of these species to persist in WAPA waters, and in Guam?s waters more broadly. More frequent crown-of-thorns control efforts, even if only a handful of sea stars are removed during a single effort, may be required to prevent further loss to vulnerable species. There were several documented incidents of Terpios hoshinota covering large sections of branching coral in the reef flat along transects, but it is still unclear how detrimental this sponge is to the overall reef system. There is a concern that elevated levels of organic matter and nutrients in the water, such as those resulting from sewage discharge or stormwater runoff, could lead to increased Terpios populations (De Voogd et al. 2013). Consequently, it is important to track populations in known areas of sedimentation and poor water quality. The presence of unique species at single survey sites within the study areas underscores the ecological importance of certain locations. Some species are known to occur in other locations in Guam, while a few may be limited to specific sites within WAPA waters. These differences are likely influenced by environmental and biological factors such as poor water quality, severe heat stress events, chronic predation by crown-of-thorns sea stars, disease, and reduced herbivore populations. These factors collectively shape the condition of the benthic community, leading to variations in species distribution and abundance across the study sites. Documenting coral stress and identifying potentially harmful species allows for proactive management strategies to prevent the establishment of nuisance or detrimental species while populations are still manageable. Updated data on the location, presence, relative abundance, and health of corals is essential for park managers to prioritize conservation efforts and identify restoration opportunities effectively. Observations from this report raise concerns about the health and resilience of coral ecosystems in the H?gat unit and emphasize the need for knowledge of local factors that shape benthic community structure. Understanding the drivers responsible for these variations is crucial for effective conservation and management strategies to preserve the ecological balance and overall health of coral reefs in both units. Continued monitoring efforts will be critical in assessing long-term trends and changes in benthic cover and enabling adaptive management approaches to safeguard these valuable marine ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.

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Rights-Based Conservation: The path to preserving Earth's biological and cultural diversity? Rights and Resources Initiative, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/zikj2998.

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This report is informed by the imperative to prevent the collapse of biodiversity while respecting the tenure and human rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples. It seeks to highlight the risks and opportunities arising out of the proposed expansion of conservation areas by asking the following questions: 1) How many people live within important biodiversity conservation areas, including existing protected areas that could be affected by future conservation action required to meet biodiversity protection imperatives? 2) What is the distribution of people living in important biodiversity conservation areas according to the income status of countries? 3) As a notional exercise, what could be the potential financial cost of exclusionary conservation practices applied to all high biodiversity value terrestrial areas? 4) What are the costs and benefits of community rights-based conservation as an alternate pathway for the expansion of areas under conservation to meet biodiversity goals? 5) To what extent would recognizing and enforcing the collective tenure rights of Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and Afro-descendant Peoples contribute towards area-based targets for conservation?

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