Academic literature on the topic 'Biological dictionaries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biological dictionaries"
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Larmande, Pierre, Yusha Liu, Xinzhi Yao, and Jingbo Xia. "OryzaGP 2021 update: a rice gene and protein dataset for named-entity recognition." Genomics & Informatics 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): e27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.21015.
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Due to the rapid evolution of high-throughput technologies, a tremendous amount of data is being produced in the biological domain, which poses a challenging task for information extraction and natural language understanding. Biological named entity recognition (NER) and named entity normalisation (NEN) are two common tasks aiming at identifying and linking biologically important entities such as genes or gene products mentioned in the literature to biological databases. In this paper, we present an updated version of OryzaGP, a gene and protein dataset for rice species created to help natural language processing (NLP) tools in processing NER and NEN tasks. To create the dataset, we selected more than 15,000 abstracts associated with articles previously curated for rice genes. We developed four dictionaries of gene and protein names associated with database identifiers. We used these dictionaries to annotate the dataset. We also annotated the dataset using pre-trained NLP models. Finally, we analysed the annotation results and discussed how to improve OryzaGP.
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Flanagan, Tim. "The Dictionaries in Which We Learn to Think." Deleuze Studies 9, no. 3 (August 2015): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2015.0189.
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Taking its title from the discussion of a ‘new Meno’ to be found in Difference and Repetition, through an examination of the link between learning and thinking set out across Deleuze's work this paper charts the important sense in which philosophical thought is characterised by an apprenticeship. The claim is that just as certain aesthetic and biological processes involve inscrutable and non-resembling elements that cannot be known in advance, the experience of learning is one oriented by unforseen encounters. With a view to a peculiarly heuristic use of dictionaries in the case of language learning, the paper shows how the logic (or event) of this experience is one whereby the putative meaning of things does not enjoy a priority over the immanence of their expression.
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Harris, Chelsea, Uchenna Okorie, and Sokratis Makrogiannis. "Spatially localized sparse approximations of deep features for breast mass characterization." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 9 (2023): 15859–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023706.
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<abstract><p>We propose a deep feature-based sparse approximation classification technique for classification of breast masses into benign and malignant categories in film screen mammographs. This is a significant application as breast cancer is a leading cause of death in the modern world and improvements in diagnosis may help to decrease rates of mortality for large populations. While deep learning techniques have produced remarkable results in the field of computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer, there are several aspects of this field that remain under-studied. In this work, we investigate the applicability of deep-feature-generated dictionaries to sparse approximation-based classification. To this end we construct dictionaries from deep features and compute sparse approximations of Regions Of Interest (ROIs) of breast masses for classification. Furthermore, we propose block and patch decomposition methods to construct overcomplete dictionaries suitable for sparse coding. The effectiveness of our deep feature spatially localized ensemble sparse analysis (DF-SLESA) technique is evaluated on a merged dataset of mass ROIs from the CBIS-DDSM and MIAS datasets. Experimental results indicate that dictionaries of deep features yield more discriminative sparse approximations of mass characteristics than dictionaries of imaging patterns and dictionaries learned by unsupervised machine learning techniques such as K-SVD. Of note is that the proposed block and patch decomposition strategies may help to simplify the sparse coding problem and to find tractable solutions. The proposed technique achieves competitive performances with state-of-the-art techniques for benign/malignant breast mass classification, using 10-fold cross-validation in merged datasets of film screen mammograms.</p></abstract>
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Cardoso, Luiz Felipe Felisardo. "Refletindo os Conceitos Gênero e Sexo em Dicionários." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 20, no. 2 (June 27, 2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2019v20n2p187-191.
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Os conceitos de gênero e sexo, outrora, eram tidos como vocábulos carregados com o mesmo sentido. Atualmente, no entanto, compreende-se que são duas terminologias com significados distintos. Sexo é entendido, então, como algo relacionado ao biológico, enquanto gênero passa a ser considerado como um fenômeno social. Visto que discussões sobre essa temática vêm ganhando espaço na sociedade, este estudo visa analisar a maneira como dicionários definem ambos os termos. Para isso, objetiva-se especificamente: 1) verificar se os dicionários tratam dos verbetes gênero e sexo dentro de uma perspectiva contemporânea e 2) analisar se as obras tratam os significados desses conceitos dentro da visão de diferenças biológicas e culturais, como compreendidas atualmente. Dessa maneira, foram selecionados sete dicionários de áreas e datas distintas, a título de exemplo, Língua Portuguesa, Sociologia e Análise do Discurso. Por conseguinte, os verbetes sexo e gênero foram analisados, tendo em vista se são significados da forma como são compreendidos no momento atual. Verificou-se que os dicionários de Língua Portuguesa, em sua maioria, conceituam os verbetes analisados ainda de maneira desacertada, tratando gênero e sexo com significações de sentidos semelhantes. Contudo, os dicionários de outras áreas, como o de Sociologia, conceituam gênero e sexo com definições distintas, abrangendo as diferenças sociais e biológicas. Os resultados demonstram que há ainda a necessidade de discussão e de entendimento acerca dos conceitos analisados nos Dicionários, carecendo de um melhor entendimento sobre a significação de sexo e gênero na sociedade. Palavras-chave: Lexicografia. Léxico. Verbetes. AbstractThe concepts of gender and sex, once were seen as words bearing the same meaning. Currently, however, it is understandable that these are two terminologies with distinct meanings. Sex is understood, so far, as something related to Biology, while gender started to be considered a social phenomenon. Seeing that discussions with this subject-matter have been gaining space in our society, this study intends to analyze the way dictionaries define both terms. Therefore, it was specifically aimed to 1) verify if the dictionaries take both of the entries, gender and sex, in a contemporary perspective and 2) analyze if the works deal with the meaning of such concepts inside the view of biological and cultural differences, as currently understood. Thus, seven dictionaries were selected of distinct locations and dates, for instance, Portuguese Language, sociology and speech analysis. Therefore, the entries sex and gender were analyzed, in view of if they are meant in the same way as they are understood nowadays. As results, it was verified that the Portuguese language dictionaries, in their majority, conceptualize the analyzed entries still in a wrongful way, treating gender and sex as meanings of similar sense. Yet, the dictionaries of other areas, like sociology, designate gender and sex with different definitions, reaching the social and biological differences. The outcome shows that there is still the need to discuss and understand the concepts analyzed in dictionaries, lacking a better understandment of the meaning of sex and gender in our society.Keywords: Lexicography. Lexicon. Entries.
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Trafimchik, Zh I. "ENDOWMENT, TALENT, GENIUS: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEM." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 2 (June 28, 2014): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2014-11-2-29.
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The article deals with the problem of identifying the border-lines among such notions as «endowment», «talent» and «genius». On the basis of the works of philosophers, psychologists and psychiatrists and also articles from foreign and Russian encyclopedic dictionaries, the author identifies the main characteristics of genius, distinguishing it from talent. This article presents the role of biological and social and psychological aspects in the emergence of a potential genius or extraordinary talent.
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Gataullina, A. G. "Words with the root <i>жи(ть)</i> in biological and medical lexicon." Philology and Culture, no. 1 (April 5, 2024): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2024-75-1-6-16.
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The article describes and analyzes words with the ancient root жи(ть), which have undergone terminologicalisation. Nowadays, the focus of the research is the issue of the terminological vocabulary influence on the development of language as a whole. In order to reveal the semantic potential of the words with the root жи(ть), we studied these words in biological and medical terminology. The subject of our study is focused on the semantics of these words, since biology studies different aspects of life of living beings, medicine is concerned with healing people, and the words we are interested in denote signs, actions and processes related to all animate things. The research material is based on dictionaries of biological (botanical, zoological) and medical terms, explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, which reveal the semantic scope of the words of interest and provide interpretations of their meanings. The research was carried out using the descriptive method and the method of dictionary definitions. We considered the word-forming and semantic features of the words with the root жи(ть) serving as names of different scientific objects (plants and animals), phenomena, features, properties, methods, actions and processes using the material of biological and medical terminology. The article describes the interaction and interpenetration of common and terminological words and identifies two-component terminological word-combinations, in which words with the given root are used, to define objects at the level of species nomination. As a result of the study, we found more than one hundred medical and biological terms with the root жи(ть); determined terminological word-formation chains; highlighted the terminological homonymy and sub-spheres in biological and medical terminology (botanical, zoological, entomological and pharmaceutical), in forensic medicine, space medicine, etc. We have come to the conclusion that the words with the root жи(ть) are used to nominate plants, living organisms, processes in living organisms, biological formations, abilities of living organisms and diseases.
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Sakalauskienė, Vilija. "Ethnolinguistic Information about RUGYS (Rye) in Lithuanian Dialect Dictionaries." Vilnius University Open Series, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vllp.2021.17.
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The article analyzes what ethnolinguistic information about rye can be read in the entries of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries. The research data were selected from thirteen dictionaries of Lithuanian dialects and the comprehensive Lietuvių kalbos žodynas (Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language). Thus, dialectal dictionaries are an excellent source of lexical semantic research based on the research methodology of the linguistic image of the world. The research presented in the article was inspired by the Słownik stereotypόw i symboli ludowych (SSiSL) (Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols) published by the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School.An attempt is being made to find an answer to the question whether rugys (rye) is just a source of food and a basis for biological existence for Lithuanian farmers and rural residents? It is assumed that rye is synonymous with bread as a gift from God to farmers. According to folklore sources, people sacrificed the best stook of rye to God. According to the tradition of the Polish people, rye is a symbol of abundance, wealth, kindness; according to the tradition of the Lithuanians it is a symbol of growth, vitality, fertility and endurance.Analyzing the data of Lithuanian dialect dictionaries and the Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language it was established that the lexeme rye is used in various parts of lexicographic articles: 1) as a title word in dictionary entries; 2) in definitions and illustrative sentences; 3) in the illustrations of entries of other words (for example, crops, grain, shoot, winter crops); 4) in terminological compounds (e. g. African rye (Secale africanum), annual cereal (Secale cereale), cereal grass (Secale sylvestre); 5) in paremias; 6) in phraseological compounds.The lexicographic definition of the lexeme rye highlights the following features of the category: a plant, eared (various properties: winter crop, upright, strong, dense, etc.), a symbol of everyday life. The illustrative examples of the words reflect man’s respect for rye as a plant that gives bread.
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SASAKI, YUTAKA, JOHN MCNAUGHT, and SOPHIA ANANIADOU. "THE VALUE OF AN IN-DOMAIN LEXICON IN GENOMICS QA." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 08, no. 01 (February 2010): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720010004513.
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This paper demonstrates that a large-scale lexicon tailored for the biology domain is effective in improving question analysis for genomics Question Answering (QA). We use the TREC Genomics Track data to evaluate the performance of different question analysis methods. It is hard to process textual information in biology, especially in molecular biology, due to a huge number of technical terms which rarely appear in general English documents and dictionaries. To support biological Text Mining, we have developed a domain-specific resource, the BioLexicon. Started in 2006 from scratch, this lexicon currently includes more than four million biomedical terms consisting of newly curated terms and terms collected from existing biomedical databases. While conventional genomics QA systems provide query expansion based on thesauri and dictionaries, it is not clear to what extent a biology-oriented lexical resource is effective for question pre-processing for genomics QA. Experiments on the genomics QA data set show that question analysis using the BioLexicon performs slightly better than that using n-grams and the UMLS Specialist Lexicon.
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Fareed, Mian Muhammad Sadiq, Qi Chun, Gulnaz Ahmed, Adil Murtaza, Muhammad Rizwan Asif, and Muhammad Zeeshan Fareed. "Salient region detection through salient and non-salient dictionaries." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): e0213433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213433.
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Abdushukurova, Zamira Z., Bashorat A. Muminova, and Dilnoza A. Umarova. "TERMINOLOGY OF BIOLOGY AS A KEYSTONE OF INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURAL SCIENCE AND EDUCATION." Journal of Social Research in Uzbekistan 02, no. 03 (August 1, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-jsru-02-03-04.
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Interdisciplinary natural sciences and education The natural sciences are intertwined in their methods and results, as well as in their specific terminology. The best approach to a correct and unified understanding of science in education is to develop professional dictionaries. For a number of reasons, current reference publications do not always meet the requirements of students and professionals. This article is based on the development of a new comprehensive dictionary of biological terms that includes basic medical concepts. The principles of compiling such a dictionary are suggested.
Books on the topic "Biological dictionaries"
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Holmes, Sandra. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1986.
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1949-, Lawrence Eleanor, ed. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. New York: Wiley, 1995.
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Eleanor, Lawrence. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. New York: Wiley, 1989.
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Eleanor, Lawrence. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1989.
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Eleanor, Lawrence. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1991.
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Lennarz, William J., and M. Daniel Lane. Encyclopedia of biological chemistry. [Amsterdam]: Elsevier B.V., ScienceDirect, 2004.
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1949-, Lawrence Eleanor, ed. Henderson's dictionary of biological terms. Harlow, Essex, England: Prentice Hall, 2000.
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J, Lennarz William, and Lane M. Daniel, eds. Encyclopedia of biological chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004.
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Kokwaro, J. O. Luo biological dictionary. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1998.
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Coombs, J. Dictionary of biological control and integrated pest management. 2nd ed. Newbury, UK: CPL Press, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Biological dictionaries"
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Ragaišienė, Vilija. "Mirtis kaip vertybių matas pietų aukštaičių pasaulėvaizdyje / Śmierć jako miara wartości w obrazie świata Auksztotów południowych." In Wartości w językowym obrazie świata Litwinów i Polaków 3 / Vertybės lietuvių ir lenkų kalbų pasaulėvaizdyje 3, 37–51. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381388030.03.
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The article, based on the material of dialect dictionaries and texts, aims to show how the speakers of the Southern Aukštaitian subdialect perceive death, what features and evaluations of death are hidden in the discourse on dialects. The article aims to discuss the image of death that has taken root in the worldview of the Southern Aukštaitian in terms of value. The study is based on the methodology of the Lublin Ethnolinguistic School. The analysis of southern Aukštaitian dialect sources reveals the genesis of the concept of death and reflects the current perception of death. The basic features of death of the Southern Aukštaitian are characterized by several essential semantic aspects – biological, axiological, physical, religious and patriotic. The most prominent of these are biological, axiological, and religious. The archaic image of death is quite well preserved in the worldview of the people who speak the Southern Aukštaitian. Collective memory reflects the unique experience of the agricultural ethnos passed down from generation to generation. When people die, they merge with nature – their bodies are returned to earth from which they came. This is also shown by the frequently used phrases meaning death with the words žemė ‘earth’ and eiti, pareiti, važiuoti namo ‘to go home’. The concept of death as a measure of equality and compensation is very clear in the worldview of the Southern Aukštaitians. The role of death as an evaluator of man’s life is especially emphasized and should be related not only to Christian tradition but also to the old Lithuanian pagan worldview. The prevailing Christian concept of death in the discourse on dialects is largely positively connotated – all those who die a natural death can expect a just compensation for life on earth and God’s mercy. According to dialect sources, death is not only an inevitable thing for the Southern Aukštaitians, a natural end to human life on earth, the decay of the material human beginning (body), but also a measure of the quality of life and relationship with values that ensures equality and justice, provides hope for posthumous existence and compensation.
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Kumar Reddy, K. Ravi, K. Kailash, and Y. Vani. "Artificial General Intelligence; Pragmatism or an Antithesis?" In Artificial Intelligence and Knowledge Processing: Methods and Applications, 1–25. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815165739123010004.
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Artificial intelligence is promoted by means of incomprehensible advocacy through business majors that cannot easily be equated with human consciousness and abilities. Behavioral natural systems are quite different from language models and numeric inferences. This paper reviews through centuries of evolved human knowledge, and the resolutions as referred through the critics of mythology, literature, imagination of celluloid, and technical work products, which are against the intellect of both educative and fear mongering. Human metamorphic abilities are compared against the possible machine takeover and scope of envisaged arguments across both the worlds of ‘Artificial Intelligence’ and ‘Artificial General Intelligence’ with perpetual integrations through ‘Deep Learning’ and ‘Machine Learning’, which are early adaptive to ‘Artificial Narrow Intelligence’ — a cross examination of hypothetical paranoid that is gripping humanity in modern history. The potentiality of a highly sensitive humanoid and sanctification to complete consciousness at par may not be a near probability, but social engineering through the early stages in life may indoctrinate biological senses to a much lower level of ascendancy to Artificial Narrow Intelligence — with furtherance in swindling advancement in processes may reach to a pseudo-Artificial Intelligence {i}. There are no convincing answers to the discoveries from ancient scriptures about the consciousness of archetypal humans against an anticipated replication of a fulfilling Artificial Intelligence {ii}. Human use of lexicon has been the focal of automata for the past few years and the genesis for knowledge, and with the divergence of languages and dialects, scores of dictionaries and tools that perform bidirectional voice and text — contextual services are already influencing the lives, and appeasement to selective humanly incidentals is widely sustainable today {iii}. Synthesizing and harmonizing a pretentious labyrinthine gizmo is the center of human anxiety, but only evaluative research could corroborate that tantamount to genetic consciousness.