Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biological control systems

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biological control systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Biological control systems"

1

Rogerson, Clark T., and M. N. Burge. "Fungi in Biological Control Systems." Brittonia 41, no. 4 (October 1989): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2807554.

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Stark, Lawrence, and Laurence R. Young. "DEFINING BIOLOGICAL FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS *." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 426–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb48200.x.

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Cavalieri, Liebe F., and Huseyin Koçak. "Chaos in Biological Control Systems." Journal of Theoretical Biology 169, no. 2 (July 1994): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.1994.1139.

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Baev, K. V. "Optimal control in biological motor control systems." IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 11, no. 4 (December 1992): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/51.257006.

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van Emden, H. F., M. A. Hoy, and D. C. Herzog. "Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems." Journal of Applied Ecology 23, no. 2 (August 1986): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404055.

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Ames, W. F. "Evolution and control in biological systems." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 31, no. 6 (February 1990): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4754(90)90064-p.

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CABANAC, MICHEL, and MAURICIO RUSSEK. "REGULATED BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS." Journal of Biological Systems 08, no. 02 (June 2000): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339000000092.

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Control theory is concerned mainly with the treatment of signals. This article takes into account that living beings not only treat information, but they are open systems traversed by flows of energy and mass. A new block diagram of the regulation process is proposed, taking into account this fundamental difference between engineered and living systems. This new diagram possesses both didactic and heuristic advantages.
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Balchunas, Brian M., Lawrence H. Hentz, and William H. Salley. "ODOR CONTROL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 1042–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700785303376.

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Yun, Choamun, Young Kim, Sang Yup Lee, and Sunwon Park. "Metabolic Control Analysis of Complex Biological Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41, no. 2 (2008): 9823–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.01662.

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Iberall, A. S., and S. Z. Cardon. "CONTROL IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS - A PHYSICAL REVIEW *." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 117, no. 1 (December 16, 2006): 445–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1964.tb48202.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biological control systems"

1

Li, Weiwei. "Optimal control for biological movement systems." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3205051.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 4, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-146).
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Brenner, Sibylle. "Mechanistic Control of Biological Redox Systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518447.

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Qian, Yili. "Systems and control theoretic approaches to engineer robust biological systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128991.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 189-203).
Synthetic biology is an emerging field of research aimed to engineer biological systems by inserting programmed DNA molecules into living cells. These DNAs encode the production and subsequent interactions of biomolecules that allow the cells to have novel sensing, computing, and actuation capabilities. However, most success stories to date rely heavily on trial and error. This is mainly because genetic systems are context-dependent: the expression level of a synthetic gene often depends not only on its own regulatory inputs, but also on the expression of other supposedly unconnected genes. This lack of modularity leads to unexpected behaviors when multiple genetic subsystems are composed together, making it difficult to engineer complex systems that function predictably and robustly in practice. This thesis characterizes resource competition as a form of context dependence, and presents control theoretic approaches to engineer robust, context-independent gene networks. We first present a systems framework to model resource competition, which results in a hidden layer of unintended interactions among genetic subsystems. These unintended interactions lead to failure of the composed network in experiment. We then introduce a set of biomolecular controllers - designed to solve an output regulation problem in vivo - that can decouple a genetic subsystem's output from its context. We describe challenges applying classical control theory to engineer such controllers due to the physical constraints in living cells, and then present novel theory-guided engineering solutions. Finally, we point to additional design considerations when regulating multiple subsystems using multiple controllers in a single cell. These works have the potential to enhance the robustness of future synthetic biological systems and to fully unleash their power to address pressing societal needs in environment, energy, and health.
by Yili Qian.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering
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Panchea, Adina. "Inverse optimal control for redundant systems of biological motion." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2050/document.

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Cette thèse aborde les problèmes inverses de contrôle optimal (IOCP) pour trouver les fonctions de coûts pour lesquelles les mouvements humains sont optimaux. En supposant que les observations de mouvements humains sont parfaites, alors que le processus de commande du moteur humain est imparfait, nous proposons un algorithme de commande approximative optimale. En appliquant notre algorithme pour les observations de mouvement humaines collectées: mouvement du bras humain au cours d'une tâche de vissage industrielle, une tâche de suivi visuel d’une cible et une tâche d'initialisation de la marche, nous avons effectué une analyse en boucle ouverte. Pour les trois cas, notre algorithme a trouvé les fonctions de coût qui correspondent mieux ces données, tout en satisfaisant approximativement les Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions d'optimalité. Notre algorithme offre un beau temps de calcul pour tous les cas, fournir une opportunité pour son utilisation dans les applications en ligne. Pour la tâche de suivi visuel d’une cible, nous avons étudié une modélisation en boucle fermée avec deux boucles de rétroaction PD. Avec des données artificielles, nous avons obtenu des résultats cohérents en termes de tendances des gains et les critères trouvent par notre algorithme pour la tâche de suivi visuel d’une cible. Dans la seconde partie de notre travail, nous avons proposé une nouvelle approche pour résoudre l’IOCP, dans un cadre d'erreur bornée. Dans cette approche, nous supposons que le processus de contrôle moteur humain est parfait tandis que les observations ont des erreurs et des incertitudes d'agir sur eux, étant imparfaite. Les erreurs sont délimitées avec des limites connues, sinon inconnu. Notre approche trouve l'ensemble convexe de de fonction de coût réalisables avec la certitude qu'il comprend la vraie solution. Nous numériquement garanties en utilisant des outils d'analyse d'intervalle
This thesis addresses inverse optimal control problems (IOCP) to find the cost functions for which the human motions are optimal. Assuming that the human motion observations are perfect, while the human motor control process is imperfect, we propose an approximately optimal control algorithm. By applying our algorithm to the human motion observations collected for: the human arm trajectories during an industrial screwing task, a postural coordination in a visual tracking task and a walking gait initialization task, we performed an open loop analysis. For the three cases, our algorithm returned the cost functions which better fit these data, while approximately satisfying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Our algorithm offers a nice computational time for all cases, providing an opportunity for its use in online applications. For the visual tracking task, we investigated a closed loop modeling with two PD feedback loops. With artificial data, we obtained consistent results in terms of feedback gains’ trends and criteria exhibited by our algorithm for the visual tracking task. In the second part of our work, we proposed a new approach to solving the IOCP, in a bounded error framework. In this approach, we assume that the human motor control process is perfect while the observations have errors and uncertainties acting on them, being imperfect. The errors are bounded with known bounds, otherwise unknown. Our approach finds the convex hull of the set of feasible cost function with a certainty that it includes the true solution. We numerically guaranteed this using interval analysis tools
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Chandra, Manik. "Analytical study of a control algorithm based on emotional processing." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4914.

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This work presents a control algorithm developed from the mammalian emotional processing network. Emotions are processed by the limbic system in the mammalian brain. This system consists of several components that carry out different tasks. The system level understanding of the limbic system has been previously captured in a discrete event computational model. This computational model was modified suitably to be used as a feedback mechanism to regulate the output of a continuous-time first order plant. An extension to a class of nonlinear plants is also discussed. The combined system of the modified model and the linear plant are represented as a set of bilinear differential equations valid in a half space of the 3-dimensional real space. The bounding plane of this half space is the zero level of the square of the plant output. This system of equations possesses a continuous set of equilibrium points which lies on the bounding plane of the half space. The occurrence of a connected equilibrium set is uncommon in control engineering, and to prove stability for such cases one needs an extended Lyapunov-like theorem, namely LaSalle's Invariance Principle. In the process of using this Principle, it is shown that this set of equations possesses a first integral as well. A first integral is identified using the compatibility method, and this first integral is utilized to prove asymptotic stability for a region of the connect equilibrium set.
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Govender, Veloshinie. "Evaluation of biological control systems for control of mango post-harvest diseases." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02102006-160747.

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Tomazou, Marios. "Towards light based dynamic control of synthetic biological systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44243.

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For the field of synthetic biology, the adaptation of principles, from the well established traditional engineering disciplines, like mechanical and electrical engineering, in order to realise complex synthetic biological circuits, is an intriguing prospect. These principles can enable a forward engineering, rational design and implementation approach, where a system's properties can be predicted or designed in silico followed by the manufacturing of the in vivo system, that can be tested, used or redesigned in the most efficient possible way. Achieving control over these circuits, is one of the important topics of the field, for these applications to become robust and render useful functions applicable to energy, medicine, pharmaceuticals and agriculture industries. In this work, I attempt to explore light, as a promising control 'dial' for synthetic circuitry. Light is fast, economic compared to chemicals, it can be interfaced with electronics, it is reversible in its effect and can be applied at a fine spatio-temporal resolution. These characteristics, are absent from the classically used chemical inducers, meaning that light, can open new possibilities for the user to control synthetic systems, or even facilitate the cell to cell communication, within population based networks. This work, is a contribution towards harnessing the advantages of light, for achieving control over synthetic circuits. More specifically, I start with the detailed theoretical and experimental study of the Cph8 two component system, a synthetic chimeric receptor which is responsive to red light. This is done, in order to develop a sufficient theoretical understanding of it, through detailed mechanistic modelling, in order to connect the specific system with the toggle switch and the dual feedback oscillator, in an optimal way and achieve control of these devices through light. The developed model, was able to highlight the main aspects and mechanisms inherent to its structure, describe most of the observations from the experimental system, to also make quantitative predictions. The second part of this work, was the development of novel promoters, that can be regulated by a commonly used transcription factor, such as LacI, but also, light responsive regulators like OmpR and CcaR. This yielded a direct way to integrate light and chemical inputs, into a single output, while the dual regulation, allowed to connect and modulate the toggle switch without the need of additional transcription factors. The latter, a light tuneable toggle switch, showed indications that it can function as a memory controller that can be reset by light. Finally, I show the design and modelling of a light tuneable dual feedback oscillator, where light of one wavelength can be used to tune the amplitude, while another wavelength can tune the period. The developed models and synthetic circuits are expected to contribute towards implementing finely tuned and controlled synthetic circuits through light.
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Segall-Shapiro, Thomas Hale. "Regulatory systems for the robust control of engineered genetic programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113965.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 143-159).
The ability to engineer complex genetic programs could have a huge impact on many industries, yielding organisms that can respond to their environment and perform functions relevant to manufacturing, agriculture, and medicine. However, such engineering efforts have proven difficult, in part because these programs often require precise levels of gene expression for proper function. It is especially tough to build programs that have robust activity, as any changes to the host cells can perturb the context of the genetic system and disrupt carefully tuned expression levels. Additionally, genetic programs often place high demands on host resources, which can adversely affect cell growth and further upset the intended function. In this thesis, we describe two regulatory systems in Escherichia coli that could serve to separate synthetic genetic programs from their host context, potentially leading to more robust activity. First, we build a 'resource allocator' by fragmenting T7 RNA polymerase variants into a conserved fragment and a set of variable fragments. The resource allocator limits the total number of polymerases that can be active in a genetic program, with the aim of protecting the host from being overburdened. This transcriptional budget can be allocated to different elements of the genetic program as necessary and further regulated using additional protein fragments. Second, we demonstrate a set of stabilized promoters that can maintain a level of gene expression independent of their genetic context. These promoters utilize a noncooperative incoherent feedforward loop to buffer differences in gene expression caused by changes in copy number. We demonstrate that stabilized promoters can be moved between plasmids and different locations on the genome with little change in expression. Further, they minimize the effects of other perturbations that can affect copy number, such as genome mutations and media composition.
by Thomas Hale Segall-Shapiro.
Ph. D.
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Molenaar, Robert. "Design and implementation of biosystem control and tools for biosystem simulation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/NQ44519.pdf.

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Stoltz, Scott. "The effects of biofeedback plus progressive relaxation on the emotional well-being of college students." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000stoltzs.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Biological control systems"

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N, Burge M., ed. Fungi in biological control systems. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1988.

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Declan, Bates, ed. Feedback control in systems biology. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2012.

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Kurzhanski, A. B., and K. Sigmund, eds. Evolution and Control in Biological Systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2358-4.

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W, Collins M., Bryant J. A. 1944-, and Atherton M. A. 1942-, eds. Information transfer in biological systems. Southampton: WIT, 2002.

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Thomas, René. Biological feedback. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990.

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P, Neuenschwander, Borgemeister C, Langewald J, Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (Ede, Netherlands), and Switzerland. Direktion für Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und Humanitäre Hilfe, eds. Biological control in IPM systems in Africa. Oxford: CABI Pub., 2003.

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IFAC, Symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems (4th 2000 Karlsburg Germany). Modelling and control biomedical systems 2000 (including biological systems). Kidlington, Oxford, UK: Pergamon, 2000.

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Palmer, Jon. Biological response modifiers. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, International Cancer Research Data Bank, 1988.

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Rao, Vadrevu Sree Hari. Dynamic models and control of biological systems. Dordrecht: Springer, 2009.

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Neuenschwander, P., C. Borgemeister, and J. Langewald, eds. Biological control in IPM systems in Africa. Wallingford: CABI, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996394.0000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biological control systems"

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Van Driesche, Roy G., and Thomas S. Bellows. "Integration of Biological Control into Pest Management Systems." In Biological Control, 296–306. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1157-7_14.

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Haefner, James W. "Hormonal Control in Mammals." In Modeling Biological Systems, 257–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4119-6_12.

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Ruth, Matthias, and Bruce Hannon. "Adaptive Population Control." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 147–53. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0651-4_21.

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Hannon, Bruce, and Matthias Ruth. "Adaptive Population Control." In Modeling Dynamic Biological Systems, 183–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05615-9_22.

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Spano, M. L., and W. L. Ditto. "Chaos Control in Biological Systems." In Handbook of Chaos Control, 427–56. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527607455.ch17.

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Claude, Daniel. "Control theory and biological regulations: Bipolar controls." In Modeling and Control of Systems, 383–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0041206.

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Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Sachini N. K., and Harish Chander. "Postural Control During Perturbations." In Motion Analysis of Biological Systems, 143–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52977-1_9.

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Waldherr, Steffen, and Frank Allgöwer. "Robustness Analysis of Biological Models." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1239–43. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5058-9_93.

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Sontag, Eduardo D. "Scale-Invariance in Biological Sensing." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1–4. London: Springer London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_100090-1.

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Waldherr, Steffen, and Frank Allgöwer. "Robustness Analysis of Biological Models." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1–7. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_93-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biological control systems"

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"12. Medical and biological systems control." In 2015 International Conference "Stability and Control Processes" in Memory of V.I. Zubov (SCP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scp.2015.7342193.

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Julius, A. Agung, Adam Halasz, Vijay Kumar, and George J. Pappas. "Controlling biological systems: the lactose regulation system of Escherichia coli." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4282770.

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Sootla, Aivar, Diego Oyarzun, David Angeli, and Guy-Bart Stan. "Shaping pulses to control bistable biological systems." In 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2015.7171815.

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Haddon, Antoine, Victor Alcaraz-Gonzalez, Maha Hmissi, Jerome Harmand, and Antoine Rousseau. "Simulation of spatially distributed intensive biological systems." In 2020 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc51009.2020.9143773.

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Tomic, Drasko, and Bozica Pernaric. "Control and optimization of complex biological systems." In 2014 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mipro.2014.6859565.

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Venzon, Madelaine. "Conservation biological control in tropical agroecological systems." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.117716.

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Lin, Xiao, and Gabriel Terejanu. "Model-driven data collection for biological systems." In 2014 American Control Conference - ACC 2014. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859268.

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Li, Yuanlong, and Zongli Lin. "Multistability of a class of biological systems." In 2013 9th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2013.6606048.

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Boardman, Beth L., Tyson L. Hedrick, Diane H. Theriault, Nathan W. Fuller, Margrit Betke, and Kristi A. Morgansen. "Collision avoidance in biological systems using collision cones." In 2013 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6580285.

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Prescott, Thomas, and Antonis Papachristodoulou. "Multi-scale design in layered synthetic biological systems." In 2016 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecc.2016.7810558.

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Reports on the topic "Biological control systems"

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Corban, J. E., Cole Gilbert, Anthony J. Calise, and Allen R. Tannenbaum. Biological Inspired Direct Adaptive Guidance and Control for Autonomous Flight Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433221.

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Houck, Marilyn, Uri Gerson, and Robert Luck. Two Predator Model Systems for the Biological Control of Diaspidid Scale Insects. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570554.bard.

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Hemisarcoptes (Acari: Hamisarcoptidae) is a parasite of scale insects (Diaspididae), tenacious pests of vascular plants. Hemisarcoptes also has a stenoxenic phoretic (dispersal) relationship with Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Chilocorus feeds on diaspidids, transports mites as they feed, and has been applied to the control of scales, with limited success. U.S.-Israeli cooperation focused on this mite-beetle interaction so that a two-component system could be applied to the control of scale insects effectively. Life history patterns of Hemisarcoptes were investigated in response to host plant type and physical parameters. Field and lab data indicated that mites attack all host stages of scales tested, but preferred adult females. Scale species and host plant species influenced the bionomics of Hemisarcoptes. Beetle diet also influenced survival of phoretic mites. Mites use a ventral sucker plate to extract material from Chilocorus, that is essential for development. Seven alkaloids were found in the hemolymph of Chilocorus and three were characterized. Examination of the subelytral surface of Chilocorus indicated that microsetae play a role in the number and distribution of mites a beetle transports. While Hemisarcoptes can be innoculatd into agroecosystems using various indigenous or imported Chilocorus species, the following are preferred: C. bipustulatus, C. cacti, C. distigma, C. fraternus, C. orbus, and C. tristis.
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May, Elebeoba Eni, Mark Daniel Rintoul, Anna Marie Johnston, Richard J. Pryor, William Eugene Hart, and Jean-Paul Watson. Detection and reconstruction of error control codes for engineered and biological regulatory systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918239.

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Hackett, Kevin, Shlomo Rottem, David L. Williamson, and Meir Klein. Spiroplasmas as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613017.bard.

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Toward development of spiroplasmas as novel toxin-delivery systems for biocontrol of beetle pests in the United States (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) and Israel (Maladera matrida), media for cultivating beetle-associated spiroplasmas were improved and surveys of these spiroplasmas were conducted to provide transformable strains. Extensive surveys of spiroplasmas yielded promising extrachromosomal elements for vector constructs. One, plasmid pCT-1, was cloned, characterized, and used as a source of spiroplasma origin of replication in our shuttle vectors. The fibrillin gene was isolated and sequenced and its strong promoter was also used in the constructs. Means for transforming these vectors into spiroplasmas were developed and optimized, with electroporation found to be suitable for most applications. Development and optimization of means for using large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) in spiroplasma transformation represents a breakthrough that should facilitate insertion of large clusters of virulence genes. With completion of the vector, we should thus be poised to genetically engineer spiroplasmas with genes that will express toxins lethal to our target beetles, thus providing an effective and inexpensive alternative to conventional means of beetle control.
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5

Messelink, G. J. Team building in biocontrol : An ecosystem approach in biological pest control in greenhouse cropping systems. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/555184.

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Lundgren, Jonathan, Moshe Coll, and James Harwood. Biological control of cereal aphids in wheat: Implications of alternative foods and intraguild predation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699858.bard.

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The overall objective of this proposal is to understand how realistic strategies for incorporating alternative foods into wheat fields affect the intraguild (IG) interactions of omnivorous and carnivorous predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. Cereal aphids are a primary pest of wheat throughout much of the world. Naturally occurring predator communities consume large quantities of cereal aphids in wheat, and are partitioned into aphid specialists and omnivores. Within wheat fields, the relative abilities of omnivorous and carnivorous predators to reduce cereal aphids depend heavily on the availability, distribution and type of alternative foods (alternative prey, sugar, and pollen), and on the intensity and direction of IG predation events within this community. A series of eight synergistic experiments, carefully crafted to accomplish objectives while accounting for regional production practices, will be conducted to explore how cover crops (US, where large fields preclude effective use of field margins) and field margins (IS, where cover crops are not feasible) as sources of alternative foods affect the IG interactions of predators and their efficacy as biological control agents. These objectives are: 1. Determine the mechanisms whereby the availability of alternative prey and plant-provided resources affect pest suppression by omnivorous and carnivorous generalist predators; 2. Characterize the intensity of IGP within generalist predator communities of wheat systems and assess the impact of these interactions on cereal aphid predation; and 3. Evaluate how spatial patterns in the availability of non-prey resources and IGP affect predation on cereal aphids by generalist predator communities. To accomplish these goals, novel tools, including molecular and biochemical gut content analysis and geospatial analysis, will be coupled with traditional techniques used to monitor and manipulate insect populations and predator efficacy. Our approach will manipulate key alternative foods and IG prey to determine how these individual interactions contribute to the ability of predators to suppress cereal aphids within systems where cover crop and field margin management strategies are evaluated in production scale plots. Using these strategies, the proposed project will not only provide cost-effective and realistic solutions for pest management issues faced by IS and US producers, but also will provide a better understanding of how spatial dispersion, IG predation, and the availability of alternative foods contribute to biological control by omnivores and carnivores within agroecosystems. By reducing the reliance of wheat producers on insecticides, this proposal will address the BARD priorities of increasing the efficiency of agricultural production and protecting plants against biotic sources of stress in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
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Kloepper, Joseph W., and Ilan Chet. Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613039.bard.

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Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.
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Friedler, Eran, and Karl G. Linden. Distributed UV LEDs for combined control of fouling of drip emitters and disinfection during irrigation with reclaimed wastewater effluent. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134144.bard.

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Irrigating crops with reclaimed wastewater, replacing potable water, using drip irrigation has become more common as demands on water supplies have increased. Because of the quality characteristics of treated wastewater, the small size and geometry of drip emitters, and flow characteristics though the emitters, systems can become clogged for physical and biological reasons. Emitters clogging reduces flow and increases the variability of flows between emitters that can lead to crops water stress and thus reduce crop yield. Clogged systems require more energy or more labor- and chemical-intensive maintenance and cleaning, such as with chlorine. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and specifically UV-C (200-300 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) have great promise for disinfection and biofouling prevention in irrigation water systems. LEDs are particularly well-suited for decentralized use in drip irrigation systems due to their small size, robust construction, low power requirements, long life, and intermittent operation capability. The main goal of this research was to study and develop UV-LED irradiation technology for reducing biofouling of drip irrigation fed by treated effluent, and to explore whether locating the UV-LEDs along the irrigation line as an integral part of the system could be advantageous.
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Brockmann, Kolja, and Nivedita Raju. NewSpace and the Commercialization of the Space Industry: Challenges for the Missile Technology Regime. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/yrpy6524.

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The changing nature of the space industry—particularly through its NewSpace entrants—is resulting in changes in business practices, new funding sources and capitalization models, as well as gaps in awareness and understanding of export controls. NewSpace is not only changing the nature of the space industry, but also exacerbating existing missile proliferation risks and posing challenges for the effective implementation of export controls. It therefore requires a coordinated response by the main multilateral missile export control instrument: the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). This report identifies developments, trends and possible proliferation scenarios linked to the NewSpace industry that pose possible missile proliferation risks and challenges for MTCR export controls. The report seeks to strengthen the implementation of export controls and related policy instruments through the MTCR and national measures, in order to prevent commercial space industry activities contributing to programmes for missiles and other delivery systems capable of carrying chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.
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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi, and Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.
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