Journal articles on the topic 'Biological control, and natural enemy'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Biological control, and natural enemy.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Biological control, and natural enemy.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jonsson, Mattias, Riikka Kaartinen, and Cory S. Straub. "Relationships between natural enemy diversity and biological control." Current Opinion in Insect Science 20 (April 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.01.001.
Full text
2
Chailleux, Anais, Aurélien Stirnemann, Jimmy Leyes, and Emilie Deletre. "Manipulating natural enemy behavior to improve biological control: attractants and repellents of a weaver ant." Entomologia Generalis 38, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2019/0665.
Full text
3
Vafaie, Erfan K., H. Brent Pemberton, Mengmeng Gu, David Kerns, Micky D. Eubanks, and Kevin M. Heinz. "Adding a Natural Enemy to Respond to Pest Immigration and Delayed Natural Enemy Releases in Augmentative Biological Control." Environmental Entomology 50, no. 3 (April 2, 2021): 561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Whether increased natural enemy density or adding a second natural enemy species will provide superior pest suppression in greenhouse augmentative biological control is unknown for many commercially available natural enemy species. In this study, we use sweetpotato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on poinsettias, Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), to determine whether adding Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) is better for B. tabaci suppression compared with either natural enemy alone, both with and without challenges with whitefly immigration or delayed natural enemy releases. The number of whiteflies on caged poinsettias treated with different natural enemy release rates (single or double rate), natural enemy species (one or two species), natural enemy delayed release (weeks 4 and 8), and whitefly immigration treatments (introduced at week 4 or week 8) was censused biweekly for 16 wk. Both species used in combination provided similar or better suppression of whiteflies compared with either natural enemy alone. Both species combined also provided superior suppression of whiteflies when challenged with whitefly immigration or delays in natural enemy releases compared with E. eremicus alone. Whitefly immigration or delays in E. eremicus releases did not increase whitefly populations, suggesting that suppression of whiteflies by E. eremicus alone is relatively robust. This study found no evidence for negative interactions between E. eremicus and A. swirskii for suppressing B. tabaci.
4
Thompson, Morgan N., Raul F. Medina, Anjel M. Helms, and Julio S. Bernal. "Improving Natural Enemy Selection in Biological Control through Greater Attention to Chemical Ecology and Host-Associated Differentiation of Target Arthropod Pests." Insects 13, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13020160.
Full textAbstract:
Host-associated differentiation (HAD) refers to cases in which genetically distinct populations of a species (e.g., herbivores or natural enemies) preferentially reproduce or feed on different host species. In agroecosystems, HAD often results in unique strains or biotypes of pest species, each attacking different species of crops. However, HAD is not restricted to pest populations, and may cascade to the third trophic level, affecting host selection by natural enemies, and ultimately leading to HAD within natural enemy species. Natural enemy HAD may affect the outcomes of biological control efforts, whether classical, conservation, or augmentative. Here, we explore the potential effects of pest and natural enemy HAD on biological control in agroecosystems, with emphases on current knowledge gaps and implications of HAD for selection of biological control agents. Additionally, given the importance of semiochemicals in mediating interactions between trophic levels, we emphasize the role of chemical ecology in interactions between pests and natural enemies, and suggest areas of consideration for biological control. Overall, we aim to jump-start a conversation concerning the relevance of HAD in biological control by reviewing currently available information on natural enemy HAD, identifying challenges to incorporating HAD considerations into biological control efforts, and proposing future research directions on natural enemy selection and HAD.
5
Tooker, John F., Matthew E. O'Neal, and Cesar Rodriguez-Saona. "Balancing Disturbance and Conservation in Agroecosystems to Improve Biological Control." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025143.
Full textAbstract:
Disturbances associated with agricultural intensification reduce our ability to achieve sustainable crop production. These disturbances stem from crop-management tactics and can leave crop fields more vulnerable to insect outbreaks, in part because natural-enemy communities often tend to be more susceptible to disturbance than herbivorous pests. Recent research has explored practices that conserve natural-enemy communities and reduce pest outbreaks, revealing that different components of agroecosystems can influence natural-enemy populations. In this review, we consider a range of disturbances that influence pest control provided by natural enemies and how conservation practices can mitigate or counteract disturbance. We use four case studies to illustrate how conservation and disturbance mitigation increase the potential for biological control and provide co-benefits for the broader agroecosystem. To facilitate the adoption of conservation practices that improve top-down control across significant areas of the landscape, these practices will need to provide multifunctional benefits, but should be implemented with natural enemies explicitly in mind.
6
Lv, Xu Ying, Tian Wen Yao, and Ding Jiang Wang. "The Model of the Integrated Control of Plant Pests with Natural Enemy." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 2522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2522.
Full textAbstract:
This paper mainly indicates the pest-control problem by using the biological control and the pesticide control. Firstly, it analyzed the continuous changing population of the three species-plants, plant pest and natural enemy-and the pesticides’ effects to establish a three-species model of the pests’ integrated control. Secondly, the pest equilibrium points with the natural enemy and that without natural enemy were obtained. We discussed the stability of the equilibrium points by the Hurwitz theorem and the first approximation method of stability and got the sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability. Finally, numerical simulations were performed by Matlab to analyze and verify the integrated control of plant pests in the situations with some natural enemies and without enemy. Moreover, the effects of spraying pesticides which have different killing rates on enemy and plant pest were analyzed.
7
Kumar, Vijay, Joydip Dhar, and Harbax Singh Bhatti. "Bifurcation in Plant-Pest-Natural Enemy Interaction Dynamics with Gestation Delay for Both Pest and Natural Enemy." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 29, no. 13 (December 10, 2019): 1950178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127419501785.
Full textAbstract:
During this analysis, as per natural control approach in pest management, a plant-pest dynamics with biological control is proposed, here assuming that the pest and natural enemy are having different levels of gestation delay and harvesting rate of pests by natural enemy follows Holling type-III response function. Boundedness and positivity of the system are studied. Equilibria and stability analysis is carried out for possible equilibrium points. The existence of Hopf bifurcation at interior equilibrium is presented. The sensitivity analysis of the system at interior equilibrium point for model parameters has been explored. Numerical simulations are performed to support our analytic findings.
8
Kumari, Vandana, Sudipa Chauhan, Sumit Kaur Bhatia, and Joydip Dhar. "Plant-Pest-natural enemy model with impulsive biological and chemical control." Differential Equations & Applications, no. 4 (2018): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/dea-2018-10-28.
Full text
9
MANDAL, DIBYENDU SEKHAR, SUDIP SAMANTA, ABDULLAH KHAMES ALZAHRANI, and JOYDEV CHATTOPADHYAY. "STUDY OF A PREDATOR–PREY MODEL WITH PEST MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Biological Systems 27, no. 03 (September 2019): 309–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021833901950013x.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, pest control has become a very interesting research topic because it is closely associated with agricultural and economic loss. Empirical evidence shows that pest insects are responsible for lower crop production and many other adverse effects on the farming sector. There are several biological, physical and chemical control mechanisms. However, the biological control of pest populations by using natural enemies is one of the most important ecosystem services adopted in agriculture around the world. In the present study, we consider an ecological model consisting of prey (pest) and its natural enemy as the predator. Different system equilibria are obtained, their stability is analyzed, and Hopf bifurcation of the system around the interior equilibrium is discussed. The sufficient permanence criteria of the system are also derived. Moreover, we perform bifurcation analysis to explore the existence of limit cycle. We also investigate the stability property of the positive periodic solution when the interior equilibrium loses its stability. Our analytical results are further verified through numerical simulations. Our findings suggest that, in the absence of a super predator, pest and natural enemy show stable coexistence. However, in the presence of super predator, if the natural enemy is killed at a lower rate, both pest and natural enemy coexist. Finally, above a threshold value, the natural enemy is eradicated from the system and pest outbreak occurs.
10
Labbé, R. M., R. Hilker, D. Gagnier, C. McCreary, G. A. P. Gibson, J. Fernández-Triana, P. G. Mason, and T. D. Gariepy. "Natural enemies ofAnthonomus eugenii(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Canada." Canadian Entomologist 150, no. 3 (March 2, 2018): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2018.3.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe pepper weevil,Anthonomus eugeniiCano (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most important pest of pepper (CapsicumLinnaeus; Solanaceae) crops in North America. Native to Mexico, the southern United States of America, and Central America, it is intercepted in Canada when peppers are imported to supplement domestic production. Given the proximity of greenhouse and field production to packing facilities, this pest poses a serious risk to the cultivation of peppers in Canada. Once established, it is difficult to control because immature stages of the weevil are protected within the pepper fruit. As such, chemical control targeting these life stages is not effective, and other strategies, including biological control, may prove useful. To explore the potential for biological control options to manage the pepper weevil in areas at risk in Canada, natural enemy surveys were conducted in southern Ontario following the reports of transient, localised field populations in 2016. Parasitoids belonging to three Hymenoptera families including Pteromalidae (Jaliscoa hunteriCrawford,Pteromalus anthonomiAshmead), Eupelmidae (Eupelmus pulchricepsCameron), and Braconidae (NealiolusMason species,BraconFabricius species) were reared from infested field-collected pepper fruits. Together, these new natural enemy records could facilitate the exploration and development of novel agents for the biological control of the pepper weevil.
11
Kvedaras, O. L., M. An, Y. S. Choi, and G. M. Gurr. "Silicon enhances natural enemy attraction and biological control through induced plant defences." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 3 (September 9, 2009): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485309990265.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSilicon (Si) is known to have a role in constitutive plant defence against arthropod pests, and recent work has illustrated involvement in induced plant defences. The present tri-trophic study tested the hypothesis that Si increases natural enemy attraction to pest-infested plants and improves biological control. Cucumber plants treated with potassium silicate (Si+) and untreated control plants (Si−) were maintained in separately vented glasshouse compartments. Y-tube olfactometer studies showed that adult Dicranolaius bellulus were significantly more attracted to Si+ plants upon which Helicoverpa armigera larvae had fed compared with Si−, pest-infested plants. Predators were not significantly more attracted to Si+ plants when comparing uninfested cucumbers. In a field experiment, we placed H. armigera-infested and uninfested Si+ and Si− cucumber plants in a lucerne stand. Removal rates of H. armigera egg baits showed predation was greater for Si+ infested plants than for other treatments. Results suggest that Si applied to plants with a subsequent pest infestation increases the plants' attractiveness to natural enemies; an effect that was reflected in elevated biological control in the field.
12
Straub, Cory S., Deborah L. Finke, and William E. Snyder. "Are the conservation of natural enemy biodiversity and biological control compatible goals?" Biological Control 45, no. 2 (May 2008): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2007.05.013.
Full text
13
Gontijo, Lessando M. "Engineering natural enemy shelters to enhance conservation biological control in field crops." Biological Control 130 (March 2019): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2018.10.014.
Full text
14
Tylianakis, Jason M., and Cecilia M. Romo. "Natural enemy diversity and biological control: Making sense of the context-dependency." Basic and Applied Ecology 11, no. 8 (December 2010): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2010.08.005.
Full text
15
Janssen, A., C. D. Hofker, A. R. Braun, N. Mesa, M. W. Sabelis, and A. C. Bellotti. "Preselecting predatory mites for biological control: the use of an olfactometer." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 2 (June 1990): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300013390.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPrevious investigations showed that (1) predatory mites use odours volatilizing from spider-mite infested plants for remote prey selection and (2) the response to the volatiles is correlated to the predator's ability to control populations of the prey species. Based on this correlation, it is hypothesized that preselecting predatory mites with the aid of olfactometer experiments will increase the probability of finding an efficient natural enemy. Y-tube olfactometer experiments with 11 species of phytoseiids showed that only four species were attracted by the odour of cassava leaves infested with cassava green mite Mononychellus tanajoa (Bondar). If the hypothesis mentioned above is valid, the probability of finding an efficient natural enemy within this group of four will be higher than finding one by randomly taking a species from the initial group of 11 species. Since testing of phytoseiids with an olfactometer can be done in a few hours, it is suggested that these tests precede more laborious evaluation methods.
16
Benson, Carly M., and Roselyne M. Labbe. "Exploring the Role of Supplemental Foods for Improved Greenhouse Biological Control." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 302–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Small modifications in greenhouse agroenvironments can have a big impact on the success of biological control programs. For instance, the application of supplemental foods during and after the release of natural enemies onto crop plants, could considerably improve their long-term reproductive and population growth prospects. As such, food supplementation represents a valuable biological control supportive strategy, helping to grow natural enemy populations before pest establishment, akin to creating a standing-army to defend crops against future pest invasions. In many places of the world, food supplementation represents a relatively new but growing component or biological control research, with increasingly better resources available to guide producers, IPM practitioners, or researchers wanting to apply or optimize such strategies to their local agents and environments. In this review, we summarize the current stage of knowledge associated with various supplemental food types, which work best to support specific beneficial arthropods as well as some tools and techniques for successfully applying this biological control-enhancing strategy. We also summarize some current challenges to the use of supplemental foods and discuss what future research is needed to adapt and optimize food supplementation for a diversity of natural enemy species.
17
Liu, Jingna, Tie Zhang, Lichun Zhao, Bing Liu, and Xueying Wei. "Analysis and Control of the Singular System Model of Aphid Ecosystems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3030723.
Full textAbstract:
Considering the change of the parameter related to the natural enemy population and the impact on the aphid populations in the fold catastrophe manifold, the singular system model of aphid ecosystems is proposed. Combining singular system theory with catastrophe theory, the corresponding dynamics behaviors and the existence conditions of the impasse points are given by using the qualitative analysis. The biological significance of the analytical results is also discussed. The controllers are designed to make the aphid populations stabilize the refuge level by releasing natural enemy. Some numerical simulations are carried out to prove the results.
18
Mills, N. J. "Biological control of forest aphid pests in Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 1 (March 1990): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300045880.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe aphids, Cinara cupressi (Buckton), Eulachnus rileyi Williams and Pineus pini (Macquart), have invaded conifer plantations in southern and eastern Africa between 1968 and 1986. Conifer plantations, and particularly pine plantations, are a new habitat in this region, having been established in the 1960s and 1970s. These aphids are the first non-native pests to colonize these forest plantations. As exotic pests, the aphids are suitable targets for classical biological control through the importation of natural enemies from Europe, the region of origin of the three aphids. The opportunities for biological control are explored and the prospects are encouraging. Details of the natural enemy complexes of the target pests in Europe are provided and discussed in relation to previous successful biological control programmes against conifer pests in other continents.
19
Douglas, Margaret R., and John F. Tooker. "Meta-analysis reveals that seed-applied neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have similar negative effects on abundance of arthropod natural enemies." PeerJ 4 (December 7, 2016): e2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2776.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundSeed-applied neonicotinoids are widely used in agriculture, yet their effects on non-target species remain incompletely understood. One important group of non-target species is arthropod natural enemies (predators and parasitoids), which contribute considerably to suppression of crop pests. We hypothesized that seed-applied neonicotinoids reduce natural-enemy abundance, but not as strongly as alternative insecticide options such as soil- and foliar-applied pyrethroids. Furthermore we hypothesized that seed-applied neonicotinoids affect natural enemies through a combination of toxin exposure and prey scarcity.MethodsTo test our hypotheses, we compiled datasets comprising observations from randomized field studies in North America and Europe that compared natural-enemy abundance in plots that were planted with seed-applied neonicotinoids to control plots that were either (1) managed without insecticides (20 studies, 56 site-years, 607 observations) or (2) managed with pyrethroid insecticides (eight studies, 15 site-years, 384 observations). Using the effect size Hedge’sdas the response variable, we used meta-regression to estimate the overall effect of seed-applied neonicotinoids on natural-enemy abundance and to test the influence of potential moderating factors.ResultsSeed-applied neonicotinoids reduced the abundance of arthropod natural enemies compared to untreated controls (d= −0.30 ± 0.10 [95% confidence interval]), and as predicted under toxin exposure this effect was stronger for insect than for non-insect taxa (QM= 8.70, df = 1,P= 0.003). Moreover, seed-applied neonicotinoids affected the abundance of arthropod natural enemies similarly to soil- or foliar-applied pyrethroids (d= 0.16 ± 0.42 or −0.02 ± 0.12; with or without one outlying study). Effect sizes were surprisingly consistent across both datasets (I2 = 2.7% for no-insecticide controls;I2 = 0% for pyrethroid controls), suggesting little moderating influence of crop species, neonicotinoid active ingredients, or methodological choices.DiscussionOur meta-analysis of nearly 1,000 observations from North American and European field studies revealed that seed-applied neonicotinoids reduced the abundance of arthropod natural enemies similarly to broadcast applications of pyrethroid insecticides. These findings suggest that substituting pyrethroids for seed-applied neonicotinoids, or vice versa, will have little net affect on natural enemy abundance. Consistent with previous lab work, our results also suggest that seed-applied neonicotinoids are less toxic to spiders and mites, which can contribute substantially to biological control in many agricultural systems. Finally, our ability to interpret the negative effect of neonicotinoids on natural enemies is constrained by difficulty relating natural-enemy abundance to biological control function; this is an important area for future study.
20
Mace, Kevi C., and Nicholas J. Mills. "Connecting natural enemy metrics to biological control activity for aphids in California walnuts." Biological Control 106 (March 2017): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.11.009.
Full text
21
Kean, John, Steve Wratten, Jason Tylianakis, and Nigel Barlow. "The population consequences of natural enemy enhancement, and implications for conservation biological control." Ecology Letters 6, no. 7 (October 9, 2008): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1461-0248.2003.00468.x.
Full text
22
Cloyd, Raymond A. "Compatibility of Insecticides with Natural Enemies to Control Pests of Greenhouses and Conservatories." Journal of Entomological Science 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-41.3.189.
Full textAbstract:
Natural enemies used as biological control agents may not always provide adequate control of plant-feeding insects in greenhouses and conservatories. Research continues to assess the utilization of natural enemies in conjunction with biorational insecticides including insect growth regulators, insecticidal soaps, horticultural oils, feeding inhibitors, and microbial agents (entomogenous bacteria and fungi, and related microorganisms); and the potential compatibility of both strategies when implemented together. A variety of factors influence the ability of using natural enemies with insecticides. These include whether the natural enemy is a parasitoid or predator, the species of the natural enemy, life stage sensitivity, rate and timing of insecticide application, and mode of action of the insecticide. Insecticides may impact natural enemies by affecting longevity (survival), host acceptance, sex ratio, reproduction (fecundity), foraging behavior, emergence, and development. Despite the emphasis on evaluating the compatibility of natural enemies with insecticides, it is important to assess if this is a viable and acceptable pest management strategy in greenhouses and conservatories.
23
Lajos, Károly, Orsolya Császár, Miklós Sárospataki, Ferenc Samu, and Ferenc Tóth. "Linear woody landscape elements may help to mitigate leaf surface loss caused by the cereal leaf beetle." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 10 (August 27, 2020): 2225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01097-3.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Woody semi-natural habitats serve as permanent habitats and hibernation sites for natural enemies and, through spillover processes, they play an important role in the biological control of insect pests. However, this service is also dependent on the amount and configuration of the dominating woody habitat types: linear landscape elements (hedgerows, shelterbelts), and more evenly extended plantations. Relating natural enemy action to the landscape context can help to identify the effect of woody habitats on biological control effectiveness. Objectives In the Central European agricultural landscapes such as in the Hungarian lowlands, where our study took place, woody linear elements are characterised by high, while woody areal elements, mostly plantations, by low biological and structural diversity. In this study, we aimed to determine which composition and configuration of woody linear and areal habitats in the landscape may enhance the effect of natural enemy action on plant damage caused by the cereal leaf beetle (CLB, Oulema melanopus). Methods Herbivory suppression by natural enemies was assessed from the leaf damage difference between caged and open treatments. These exclusion experiments were carried out in 34 wheat fields on plants with controlled CLB infections. The results were related to landscape structure, quantified by different landscape metrics of both woody linear and areal habitats inside buffers between 150 and 500 m radii, surrounding the wheat fields. Results The exclusion of natural enemies increased the leaf surface loss caused by CLBs in all fields. Shelterbelts and hedgerows in 150–200 m vicinity of the wheat fields had a strong suppressing effect on CLB damage, while the presence of plantations at 250 m and further rather impeded natural enemy action. Conclusions Our results indicate that shelterbelts and hedgerows may provide a strong spillover of natural enemies, thus contribute to an enhanced biological control of CLBs.
24
Way, M. J., and K. L. Heong. "The role of biodiversity in the dynamics and management of insect pests of tropical irrigated rice—a review." Bulletin of Entomological Research 84, no. 4 (December 1994): 567–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530003282x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBiodiversity relevant to pest management of tropical irrigated rice pests is discussed in terms of variation within rice plants, rice fields, groups of rice fields and rice associated ecosystems. It is concluded that, in the unique cropping conditions and stable water supply of tropical irrigated rice, the manipulation of a relatively few manageable components of diversity can confer stability such that pests are mostly kept at levels which do not justify the use of insecticides. Durable rice plant resistance, including moderate resistance, together with ability to compensate for damage by certain key pests, are regarded as fundamental to successful biological control by the natural enemy complex. Reliable natural enemy action is also considered to depend on all-year-round continuity of prey or hosts made possible by the relatively short fallow periods between staggered two to three rice crops per year and by proximity of certain non-rice habitats, notably the vegetation-covered bunds (levées) surrounding each field. In contrast, synchronous cropping could upset stability by destroying the continuity needed for natural enemy success. Such conclusions are supported by the experience of farmers who use little or no insecticide. Much evidence on destruction of natural enemies by certain insecticides supports the contention that insecticide use, especially early in the crop season, upsets natural enemy control of insects such as Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and also creates heavy selection pressure for strains of pests that can overcome previously resistant rice cultivars. Such circumstances create outbreaks of secondary pests and impair biological control of some key primary pests such as stem borers. It is concluded that pest management of much tropical irrigated rice must be based on natural controls rarely supplemented by insecticides. The success of this approach depends in particular on further research on dynamics of natural enemy and pest communities in rice ecosystems, especially where climatic conditions and water supply are marginally stable. Much more needs to be known about the nature and utilization of rice plant compensation for damage, particularly by defoliators and stem borers. The justification for, and supplementary use of, insecticides needs to be radically reassessed. There is no evidence that a natural control-based approach, as recommended in this review, is incompat ible with farmer practicability or with future developments in rice production technology, except perhaps the possible mechanization-driven increase in field size which would decrease bund area. In contrast, the insecticide-based approach is not only harmful to natural controls but is costly and mostly demands impracticable decision making by farmers on need-based use.
25
Mkenda, Prisila A., Patrick A. Ndakidemi, Philip C. Stevenson, Sarah E. J. Arnold, Steven R. Belmain, Maneno Chidege, and Geoff M. Gurr. "Field Margin Vegetation in Tropical African Bean Systems Harbours Diverse Natural Enemies for Biological Pest Control in Adjacent Crops." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2019): 6399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226399.
Full textAbstract:
Non-crop vegetation around farmland can be valuable habitats for enhancing ecosystem services but little is known of the importance of field margins in supporting natural enemies of insect pests in tropical agriculture. This study was conducted in smallholder bean fields in three elevation zones to assess the importance of field margin vegetation to natural enemy populations and movement to the bean crop for biological pest control. The pests and natural enemies were assessed using different coloured water pan traps (to ensure the capture of insects with different colour preferences) and the interactions of the two arthropod groups with the margin vegetation and their movement to the bean crop were monitored using fluorescent dye. Sentinel plants were used to assess predation and parasitism levels. A total of 5003 natural enemies were captured, more in the field margin than within the bean field for low and mid elevation zones, while in the high elevation zone, they were more abundant within the bean field. Pests were more abundant in the crop than margins for all the elevation zones. The use of a dye applied to margin vegetation demonstrated that common natural enemy taxa moved to the crop during the days after dye application. The proportion of dye-marked natural enemies (showing their origin to be margin vegetation) sampled from the crop suggest high levels of spatial flux in the arthropod assemblage. Aphid mortality rates (measured by prey removal and parasitism levels on sentinel plants) did not differ between the field edges and field centre in any of the three elevation zones, suggesting that for this pest taxon, the centre of the fields still receive comparable pest control service as in the field edges. This study found that field margins around smallholder bean fields are useful habitats to large numbers of natural enemy taxa that move to adjacent crops providing biological pest control service.
26
Komi, Kazuhiro. "Biological control of pest insects in greenhouses use of natural enemy in Kochi Prefecture." Japanese Journal of Pesticide Science 41, no. 1 (2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.w15-49.
Full text
27
Mills, Nicholas. "An Alternative Perspective for the Theory of Biological Control." Insects 9, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040131.
Full textAbstract:
Importation biological control represents the planned introduction of a specialist natural enemy from the region of origin of an invasive pest or weed. For this study, the author considered why attempts to develop a predictive theory for biological control have been misguided and what future directions might be more promising and effective. Despite considerable interest in the theory of consumer–resource population dynamics, such theory has contributed little to improvements in the success of biological control due to a focus on persistence and equilibrium dynamics rather than establishment and impact. A broader consideration of invasion biology in addition to population ecology offers new opportunities for a more inclusive theory of biological control that incorporates the demographic and genetic processes that more specifically address the establishment and impact of introduced natural enemies. The importance of propagule size and genetic variance for successful establishment, and of contributions to host population growth, relative population growth rates, interaction strength, and coevolution for suppression of host abundance are discussed as promising future directions for a theory of biological control.
28
Hochberg, Michael E. "Consequences for Host Population Levels of Increasing Natural Enemy Species Richness in Classical Biological Control." American Naturalist 147, no. 2 (February 1996): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285853.
Full text
29
Razavi, Nooshin, and Kamal Ahmadi. "Compatibility assessment between four ethanolic plant extracts with a bug predator Orius horvathi (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) used for controlling the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)." Journal of Plant Protection Research 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jppr-2016-0015.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) attacks a large number of crop plants. The current insecticides have caused resistance in insects and have caused outbreaks of thrips. In many instances, alternative methods of insect management and natural products, offer adequate pest control and pose fewer hazards. Several species of minute pirate bugs of the genus Orius play a significant role in the biological control of a large number of thrips species, such as F. occidentalis. In this study, the insecticidal activity of four ethanolic plant extracts (Cercis siliquastrum L., Calendula officinalis L., Peganum harmala L., Melia azedarach L.) in integration with Orius horvathi (Reuter) were evaluated for controlling F. occidentalis. The present research aimed to find plant extracts with a good impact on F. occidentalis but which have fewer side effects on O. horvathi. The results showed that P. harmala extract can be considered compatible with the natural enemy for controlling thrips. When the predatory bugs O. horvathi, were released three days after P. harmala extract spraying, the integration was more effective. While the P. harmala plant extract plays an important role in thrips control, it is necessary to consider the specified time interval between the application of the P. harmala plant extract and the release of the O. horvathi predatory bugs. The ethanolic extract of M. azedarach caused a balance between the pest population and the natural enemy. This result is very important in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program because this ethanolic extract of M. azedarach had lower side effects on the natural enemy. This means that an integration of plant derived chemicals and the natural enemy, O. horvathi, can effectively control thrips.
30
Verkerk, R. H. J., S. R. Leather, and D. J. Wright. "The potential for manipulating crop–pest–natural enemy interactions for improved insect pest management." Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, no. 5 (October 1998): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300026018.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis review identifies key ways in which manipulations of the crop environment based on detailed understanding of tritrophic interactions can contribute to improvements in the control of insect pests. Such approaches are likely to be of particular benefit against those pests, notably certain species of Lepidoptera and aphid, which are difficult to control with insecticides because of insecticide resistance or suppression of natural enemies. Particular attention is given to the compatibility (or otherwise) of partial plant resistance and biological control, citing examples which support contrasting tritrophic theories. Other areas considered and supported with examples include the use or effects of allelochemicals, refugia, intercropping, crop backgrounds, fertilization regimes, parasitoid conditioning (by host plants) and transgenic crops. Examples of manipulations involving use of selective insecticides which show compatibility with biological methods are also included owing to their possible suitability in integrated crop management programmes.
31
Cloyd, Raymond A. "How Effective Is Conservation Biological Control in Regulating Insect Pest Populations in Organic Crop Production Systems?" Insects 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11110744.
Full textAbstract:
Organic crop production systems are designed to enhance or preserve the presence of natural enemies, including parasitoids and predators, by means of conservation biological control, which involves providing environments and habitats that sustain natural enemy assemblages. Conservation biological control can be accomplished by providing flowering plants (floral resources) that will attract and retain natural enemies. Natural enemies, in turn, will regulate existing insect pest populations to levels that minimize plant damage. However, evidence is not consistent, based on the scientific literature, that providing natural enemies with flowering plants will result in an abundance of natural enemies sufficient to regulate insect pest populations below economically damaging levels. The reason that conservation biological control has not been found to sufficiently regulate insect pest populations in organic crop production systems across the scientific literature is associated with complex interactions related to intraguild predation, the emission of plant volatiles, weed diversity, and climate and ecosystem resources across locations where studies have been conducted.
32
Peña, Rubén, Renato Chávez, Arturo Rodríguez, and María Ganga. "A Control Alternative for the Hidden Enemy in the Wine Cellar." Fermentation 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation5010025.
Full textAbstract:
Brettanomyces bruxellensis has been described as the principal spoilage yeast in the winemaking industry. To avoid its growth, wine is supplemented with SO2, which has been questioned due to its potential harm to health. For this reason, studies are being focused on searching for, ideally, natural new antifungals. On the other hand, it is known that in wine production there are a variety of microorganisms, such as yeasts and bacteria, that are possible biological controls. Thus, it has been described that some microorganisms produce antimicrobial peptides, which might control yeast and bacteria populations. Our laboratory has described the Candida intermedia LAMAP1790 strain as a natural producer of antimicrobial compounds against food spoilage microorganisms, as is B. bruxellensis, without affecting the growth of S. cerevisiae. We have demonstrated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound and its low molecular mass (under 10 kDa). This is the first step to the possible use of C. intermedia as a selective bio-controller of the contaminant yeast in the winemaking industry.
33
Lin, Sukun, Shengnan Li, Zhenghui Liu, Li Zhang, Hao Wu, Dongmei Cheng, and Zhixiang Zhang. "Using Azadirachtin to Transform Spodoptera frugiperda from Pest to Natural Enemy." Toxins 13, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13080541.
Full textAbstract:
Spodoptera frugiperda and Rhopalosiphum maidis, as main pests, seriously harm the safety of maize. At present, chemical pesticides are mainly used to control these pests. However, due to residue and resistance problems, more green, environmentally benign, simple preventive control technology is needed. In this study, we reported the reason for the antifeedant activity of azadirachtin on S. frugiperda and proposed that S. frugiperda treated with azadirachtin would turn from pest into natural enemy. S. frugiperda showed an obvious antifeeding phenomenon to maize leaf treated with various azadirachtin concentrations (0.5~20 mg/L). It was found that maize leaf treated with 1 mg/L of azadirachtin has a stimulating effect on the antenna and sensillum basiconicum of S. frugiperda, and azadirachtin can affect the feeding behavior of S. frugiperda. Additionally, after treating maize leaves or maize leaves + R. maidis with 1 mg/L of azadirachtin, the predatory behavior of S. frugiperda changed from a preference for eating maize leaves to R. maidis. Moreover, the molting of R. maidis can promote the change of this predatory behavior. Our results, for the first time, propose that the combined control technology of azadirachtin insecticide and biological control could turn S. frugiperda from pest into natural enemy, which can effectively eliminate R. maidis and protect maize. This combined control technology provides a new way for pest management and has good ecological, environmental, and economic benefits.
34
Gupta, Bhanu, Amit Sharma, and Sanjay K. Srivastava. "Mathematical Study of Hybrid Impulsive Pest Control Model with Stage Structuring." Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society 85, no. 3-4 (June 1, 2018): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jims/2018/20970.
Full textAbstract:
It is a need of time to use hybrid approach (biological and chemical) to control agriculture pests effectively, economically and safely. Most of the pests and natural enemies in their life history goes through two stages namely immature larva and mature adult. From this biological point of view, we purpose a pest control model with stage structuring in pests and natural enemies in the presence of impulsively released natural enemy and chemical pesticides. Using Floquet theory and small ampli- tude perturbation technique, the local stability of periodic solutions are discussed. The suffcient conditions for the global attractively of pest- extinction periodic solution and permanence of the system are obtained by using comparison technique of differential equations with impulsive effect. At last an extensive simulation is done to verify the theoretical ndings and to see the rich dynamical behavior of the system.
35
Fischbein, D., and J. C. Corley. "Classical biological control of an invasive forest pest: a world perspective of the management ofSirex noctiliousing the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides(Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 1 (June 13, 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485314000418.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractClassical biological control is a key method for managing populations of pests in long-lived crops such as plantation forestry. The execution of biological control programmes in general, as the evaluation of potential natural enemies remains, to a large extent, an empirical endeavour. Thus, characterizing specific cases to determine patterns that may lead to more accurate predictions of success is an important goal of the much applied ecological research. We review the history of introduction, ecology and behaviour of the parasitoidIbalia leucospoides. The species is a natural enemy ofSirex noctilio, one of the most important pests of pine afforestation worldwide. We use an invasion ecology perspective given the analogy between the main stages involved in classical biological control and the biological invasion processes. We conclude that success in the establishment, a common reason of failure in biocontrol, is not a limiting factor of success byI. leucospoides. A mismatch between the spread capacity of the parasitoid and that of its host could nevertheless affect control at a regional scale. In addition, we suggest that given its known life history traits, this natural enemy may be a better regulator than suppressor of the host population. Moreover, spatial and temporal refuges of the host population that may favour the local persistence of the interaction probably reduce the degree to whichS. noctiliopopulation is suppressed by the parasitoid. We emphasize the fact that some of the biological attributes that promote establishment may negatively affect suppression levels achieved. Studies on established non-native pest–parasitoid interactions may contribute to defining selection criteria for classical biological control which may prove especially useful in integrated pest management IPM programmes of invasive forest insects.
36
Overton, Kathy, Ary A. Hoffmann, Olivia L. Reynolds, and Paul A. Umina. "Toxicity of Insecticides and Miticides to Natural Enemies in Australian Grains: A Review." Insects 12, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12020187.
Full textAbstract:
Continued prophylactic chemical control to reduce pest populations in Australian grain farming systems has limited the effectiveness of biological control via natural enemies in crops within an integrated pest management (IPM) framework. While a variety of data is available to infer potential non-target effects of chemicals on arthropod natural enemies, much of it may be irrelevant or difficult to access. Here, we synthesise the literature relevant to Australian grain crops and highlight current knowledge gaps for potential future investment. A range of testing methodologies have been utilised, often deviating from standardised International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) protocols. Consistent with findings from over 30 years ago, research has continued to occur predominantly at laboratory scales and on natural enemy families that are easily reared or commercially available. There is a paucity of data for many generalist predators, in particular for spiders, hoverflies, and rove and carabid beetles. Furthermore, very few studies have tested the effects of seed treatments on natural enemies, presenting a significant gap given the widespread global use of neonicotinoid seed treatments. There is a need to validate results obtained under laboratory conditions at industry-relevant scales and also prioritise testing on several key natural enemy species we have identified, which should assist with the adoption of IPM practices and decrease the reliance on broad-spectrum chemicals.
37
Ingerslew, Kathryn S., and Deborah L. Finke. "Non-consumptive effects stabilize herbivore control over multiple generations." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): e0241870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241870.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the factors that influence predator-prey dynamics requires an investigation of oscillations in predator and prey population sizes over time. However, empirical studies are often performed over one or fewer predator generations. This is particularly true for studies addressing the non-consumptive effects of predators on prey. In a previous study that lasted less than one predator generation, we demonstrated that two species of parasitoid wasps additively suppressed aphid populations through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. However, the non-consumptive effects of one wasp reduced the reproductive success of the other, suggesting that a longer-term experiment may have revealed antagonism between the wasps. The goal of our current study is to evaluate multi-generation consumptive and non-consumptive interactions between pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) and the wasps Aphidius ervi and Aphidius colemani. Aphidius ervi is a common natural enemy of pea aphids. Aphidius colemani is a non-consumptive enemy that does not consume pea aphids, but negatively affects pea aphid performance through behavioral disturbance. Large field cages were installed to monitor aphid abundance in response to the presence and absence of both species of wasp over four weeks (two parasitoid generations). We found that the non-consumptive enemy A. colemani initially controlled the pea aphid population, but control in the absence of parasitism was not sustainable over the long term. Aphidius ervi suppressed pea aphids through a combination of consumptive and non-consumptive effects. This suppression was more effective than that of A. colemani, but aphid abundance fluctuated over time. Suppression by A. ervi and A. colemani together was complementary, leading to the most effective and stable control of pea aphids. Therefore, promoting a diverse natural enemy community that contributes to pest control through consumptive and non-consumptive interactions may enhance the stability of herbivore population suppression over time.
38
Schuldiner-Harpaz, Tarryn, and Moshe Coll. "Considering the Geographic Diversity of Natural Enemy Traits in Biological Control: A Quantitative Approach Using Orius Predators as an Example." Diversity 14, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110963.
Full textAbstract:
The desirable characteristics of effective natural enemies and the causes for failure of biological control efforts have been discussed extensively in the literature, yet predicting which collection site may yield efficient natural enemies remains a challenge. Insect characteristics, such as morphology, physiology, life history and behavior, often vary across geographic cline and location. These variations may reflect phenotypic plasticity across environments, or genetically based local (demic) adaptation. Parameters such as body size, photoperiod response, thermal tolerance and genetic diversity may greatly influence the outcome of biological control efforts. Therefore, geographic variation in such characteristics may be used to optimize the collection site of efficient enemies to be employed in biological control programs. The first step towards this goal is compilation of data on the trait diversity of promising natural enemies across their geographic distribution range. For example, we used published information to compile a database on the geographic distribution of various traits of 92 Orius species (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), a genus known for its potential contribution to biological control in IPM systems. We discuss how the widespread distribution of this genus in different ecozones should enable the collection of species and populations that differ in various geographically dependent traits relevant to biological control. Finally, we suggest a quantitative method to optimize collection efforts of natural enemies. This approach balances the effects of several natural enemy traits that vary geographically. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of this method by evaluating the potential employment of two geographically distinct populations of O. albidipennis.
39
Robayo Camacho, Ernesto, Juang-Horng Chong, S. Kris Braman, Steven D. Frank, and Peter B. Schultz. "Natural Enemy Communities and Biological Control of Parthenolecanium spp. (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in the Southeastern United States." Journal of Economic Entomology 111, no. 4 (April 18, 2018): 1558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy102.
Full text
40
Omondi, B. A., J. van den Berg, D. Masiga, and F. Schulthess. "Molecular markers reveal narrow genetic base and culturing-associated genetic drift in Teretrius nigrescens Lewis populations released for the biological control of the larger grain borer in Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 104, no. 2 (December 5, 2013): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485313000552.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn biological control, successful establishment of a natural enemy species depends on its adaptability in the introduced range including its ability to re-establish desired ecological interactions with the pest. These are affected by genetic parameters hitherto largely unresolved in biological control. The larger grain borer (LGB), Prostephanus truncatus, an invasive species from meso-America, is the most important post-harvest pest of maize in Africa. We studied the genetic structure of Teretrius nigrescens, a predatory beetle previously released for the control of the pest in Africa, to test the hypothesis that establishment patterns were a result of ecotype–environment mismatch and to follow up on our earlier reports of distinct lineages of the predator. We studied 13 populations of T. nigrescens, using 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Five genetic populations with a hierarchical structure and significant isolation by distance were detected. The most diverse population was found in southern Mexico, consistent with earlier lineage coexistence observations. Populations introduced to Africa maintained genetic similarity to local geographic populations of their area of origin. The more successful Benin releases were also more genetically diverse. Loss of rare alleles and a higher frequency of existing private alleles in some populations indicated population expansions following bottleneck events. Sustainable biological control should accommodate pest and natural enemy species, and monitor genetic changes associated with introduction and release.
41
Holland, John, Philippe Jeanneret, Anna-Camilla Moonen, Wopke van der Werf, Walter Rossing, Daniele Antichi, Martin Entling, et al. "Approaches to Identify the Value of Seminatural Habitats for Conservation Biological Control." Insects 11, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030195.
Full textAbstract:
Invertebrates perform many vital functions in agricultural production, but many taxa are in decline, including pest natural enemies. Action is needed to increase their abundance if more sustainable agricultural systems are to be achieved. Conservation biological control (CBC) is a key component of integrated pest management yet has failed to be widely adopted in mainstream agriculture. Approaches to improving conservation biological control have been largely ad hoc. Two approaches are described to improve this process, one based upon pest natural enemy ecology and resource provision while the other focusses on the ecosystem service delivery using the QuESSA (Quantification of Ecological Services for Sustainable Agriculture) project as an example. In this project, a predictive scoring system was developed to show the potential of five seminatural habitat categories to provide biological control, from which predictive maps were generated for Europe. Actual biological control was measured in a series of case studies using sentinel systems (insect or seed prey), trade-offs between ecosystem services were explored, and heatmaps of biological control were generated. The overall conclusion from the QuESSA project was that results were context specific, indicating that more targeted approaches to CBC are needed. This may include designing new habitats or modifying existing habitats to support the types of natural enemies required for specific crops or pests.
42
Madeira, Filipe, Belén Lumbierres, and Xavier Pons. "Contribution of Surrounding Flowering Plants to Reduce Abundance of Aphis nerii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Oleanders (Nerium oleander L.)." Horticulturae 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2022): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111038.
Full textAbstract:
Oleander is very frequently planted as an ornamental shrub in urban areas of the Mediterranean. Its most common pest is the aphid Aphis nerii, and heavy infestations produce aesthetic damage and disturbances to the citizens, and they are frequently sprayed with insecticides in order to reduce the population density. One alternative method is conservation biological control which is enhanced by the provisioning of alternative food, refuges, and reproduction sites. In this study, the usefulness of four flowering service plants (Lobularia maritima, Calendula officinalis, Coreopsis grandiflora, and Achillea millefolium) is evaluated for aphid infestation levels and aphid natural enemy abundances. Aphid levels were consistently lower in oleander plots surrounded by service plants. Natural enemy abundances tended to be higher in plots surrounded by service plants, but significant differences could not be found until the fourth year of the study, when more lacewings, total predators, and mummies were higher in plots surrounded by service plants. On these plots, hoverflies, ladybeetles, and lacewings were the most common predators. Paragus sp. and Hippodamia variegata were the prevalent hoverfly and ladybeetle species, respectively. The potential toxicity effect on the prevalence of natural enemy species is discussed. On service plants, significantly more hoverflies were recorded on L. maritima than on C. officinalis and C. grandiflora, and more true bugs were recorded on C. officinalis and A. millefolium than on L. maritima or C. grandiflora. Our results suggest that planting service plants (such as sweet alyssum, marigold, or yarrow) surrounding oleanders can improve conservation biological control by enhancing the abundance of aphid natural enemies and thus a reduction of the abundance of A. nerii.
43
Tian, Yuan, and Sanyi Tang. "Dynamics of a density-dependent predator-prey biological system with nonlinear impulsive control." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 18, no. 6 (2021): 7318–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021362.
Full textAbstract:
<abstract><p>Spraying insecticides and releasing natural enemies are two commonly used methods in the integrated pest management strategy. With the rapid development of biotechnology, more and more realistic factors have been considered in the establishment and implementation of the integrated pest management models, such as the limited resources, the mutual restriction between pests and natural enemies, and the monitoring data of agricultural insects. Given these realities, we have proposed a pest-natural enemy integrated management system, which is a nonlinear state-dependent feedback control model. Besides the anti-predator behavior of the pests to the natural enemies is considered, the density dependent killing rate of pests and releasing amount of natural enemies are also introduced into the system. We address the impulsive sets and phase sets of the system in different cases, and the analytic expression of the Poincaré map which is defined in the phase set was investigated. Further we analyze the existence, uniqueness, global stability of order-1 periodic solution. In addition, the existence of periodic solution of order-$ k $ ($ k\geq2 $) is discussed. The theoretical analyses developed here not only show the relationship between the economic threshold and the other key factors related to pest control, but also reveal the complex dynamical behavior induced by the nonlinear impulsive control strategies.</p></abstract>
44
Nestle, Rebecca, Jaret C. Daniels, and Adam G. Dale. "Mixed-Species Gardens Increase Monarch Oviposition without Increasing Top-Down Predation." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090648.
Full textAbstract:
Monarch butterfly populations have declined by over 80% in the last 20 years. Conservation efforts focus on the creation of milkweed habitats to mitigate this decline. Previous research has found monarchs lay more eggs per milkweed stem in urban gardens than natural habitats and recent work identified specific garden designs that make urban gardens more attractive to monarchs. Increasing plant diversity can reduce specialist insect herbivore colonization via bottom-up (e.g., plant) and top-down (e.g., predation) regulatory factors. Although this is beneficial for pest management efforts, it contradicts conservation efforts. In this study, we explored if adding multiple flowering species to garden-sized milkweed plantings affected monarch oviposition or top-down regulation of larvae. We compared monarch egg abundance, natural enemy abundance and richness, and biological control of monarch larvae in milkweed monocultures and milkweed mixed with four additional wildflower species. We found that monarchs laid 22% more eggs on sentinel milkweed plants in mixed-species plots with no effect of plant diversity on monarch survival. We also found higher natural enemy richness, wasp, and predatory bug abundance in the mixed-species plots and this did not translate to higher biological control rates. Our results provide more evidence that plant selection and habitat design are important for monarch conservation.
45
Ray, Haleigh A., and Marjorie A. Hoy. "Wellsina Mite Hemicheyletia wellsina (De Leon) (Arachnida: Acari: Cheyletidae)." EDIS 2015, no. 3 (May 6, 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in1066-2014.
Full textAbstract:
This predatory mite was recently discovered in an unsprayed greenhouse at the University of Florida, Gainesville, living on Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium orchids, and assumed to be feeding on orchid pests such as spider mites, tenuipalpid mites, and mealybugs that were present on the orchids. Because there was no published information on this species as a natural enemy of orchid pests, colonies were initiated here to study its biology, maintained on two-spotted spider mite prey. Hemicheyletia wellsina does not appear likely to be an effective natural enemy in agricultural crops as an introduced predator, but could be beneficial in natural biological control in natural ecosystems, where pest densities are lower. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Haleigh A. Ray and Marjorie A. Hoy, and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, December 2014. (Photo: Haleigh Ray, UF/IFAS) EENY609/IN1066: Wellsina Mite Hemicheyletia wellsina (De Leon) (Arachnida: Acari: Cheyletidae) (ufl.edu)
46
Bale, J. S., J. C. van Lenteren, and F. Bigler. "Biological control and sustainable food production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1492 (September 6, 2007): 761–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2182.
Full textAbstract:
The use of biological control for the management of pest insects pre-dates the modern pesticide era. The first major successes in biological control occurred with exotic pests controlled by natural enemy species collected from the country or area of origin of the pest (classical control). Augmentative control has been successfully applied against a range of open-field and greenhouse pests, and conservation biological control schemes have been developed with indigenous predators and parasitoids. The cost–benefit ratio for classical biological control is highly favourable (1 : 250) and for augmentative control is similar to that of insecticides (1 : 2–1 : 5), with much lower development costs. Over the past 120 years, more than 5000 introductions of approximately 2000 non-native control agents have been made against arthropod pests in 196 countries or islands with remarkably few environmental problems. Biological control is a key component of a ‘systems approach’ to integrated pest management, to counteract insecticide-resistant pests, withdrawal of chemicals and minimize the usage of pesticides. Current studies indicate that genetically modified insect-resistant Bt crops may have no adverse effects on the activity or function of predators or parasitoids used in biological control. The introduction of rational approaches for the environmental risk assessment of non-native control agents is an essential step in the wider application of biological control, but future success is strongly dependent on a greater level of investment in research and development by governments and related organizations that are committed to a reduced reliance on chemical control.
47
Neumann, Gabor, and Elson J. Shields. "Multiple-Species Natural Enemy Approach for Biological Control of Alfalfa Snout Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes." Journal of Economic Entomology 101, no. 5 (October 1, 2008): 1533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/101.5.1533.
Full text
48
Liu, Yangtian, Bing Liu, Qian Li, Mengxiao Sun, Minlong Li, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys, Peiling Wang, and Yanhui Lu. "Perennial Flowering Plants Sustain Natural Enemy Populations in Gobi Desert Oases of Southern Xinjiang, China." Insects 13, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050399.
Full textAbstract:
Natural habitats play crucial roles in biodiversity conservation and shape the delivery of ecosystem services in farming landscapes. By providing diverse resources to foraging natural enemies, they can equally enhance biological pest control. In this study, we described the plant community and foliage-dwelling invertebrate predators within non-crop habitats of the Gobi Desert oases in southern Xinjiang, China. We assessed whether plant-related variables (i.e., species identity, flowering status) and herbivore abundance affect natural enemy identity and abundance. A total of 18 plant species belonging to 18 genera and 10 families were commonly encountered, with Apocynum pictum (Apocynaceae), Phragmites communis (Poaceae), Karelinia caspia (Asteraceae), and Tamarix ramosissima (Tamaricaceae) as the dominant species. Certain plant species (P. communis) primarily provide shelter, while others offer (floral, non-floral) food resources or alternative prey. Predatory ladybeetles and spiders were routinely associated with these plants and foraged extensively within adjacent field crops. Plant traits and herbivore abundance explained up to 44% (3%–44%) variation in natural enemy community and exhibited consistent, year-round effects. Among all plant species, A. pictum consistently had a significantly higher abundance of resident natural enemies, except for August 2019. Our study underlines how perennial flowering plants, such as A. pictum, are essential to sustain natural enemy communities and related ecosystem services in arid settings. This work not only informs sustainable pest management initiatives but also shows how non-crop habitats at the periphery of agricultural fields underpin ecological resilience under adverse climatic conditions.
49
Santos, Rodrigo Souza. "A new alternative in the biological control of the rubber tree lace bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae)." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb8020.
Full textAbstract:
The rubber tree is a plant cultivated with the purpose of extraction of the natural rubber (latex), being an important segment of the Brazil economy. Among the main plagues that attack the culture, he stands out the tingid, Leptopharsa heveae Drake & Poor (Hemiptera: Tingidae) and among their main natural enemies they stand out the lace wings, the mushroom Sporothrix insectorum and the egg parasitoid Erythmelus tingitiphagus (Soares) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). The objective of the work was to report the potential of this natural enemy use, as auxiliary in programs of integrated handling of this pest of rubber plantations. The study was developed in the farm of company “Plantações E. Michelin Ltda.”, municipality of Itiquira, Mato Grosso, from October 2005 to February 2006 and from August 2006 to January 2007, being collected ripe folioles of five rubber tree clones (RRIM 600, PR 255, PB 235, PB 217 and GT 1), counted the number of eggs by foliole and the number of emerged parasitoid of the same ones. It was verified an average parasitism rate of 18.8% in the first period and 24.2% in the second.
50
Trdan, Stanislav, Žiga Laznik, and Tanja Bohinc. "Thirty Years of Research and Professional Work in the Field of Biological Control (Predators, Parasitoids, Entomopathogenic and Parasitic Nematodes) in Slovenia: A Review." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 7468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217468.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides the first detailed presentation of research and professional activities in the field of biological control in Slovenia during the period of 1990–2020. It presents information on the important pioneering role of Prof. Dr. Lea Milevoj in biological control research in Slovenia, especially in regard to the inventorying and laboratory rearing of indigenous beneficial organisms, evaluation of the influence of food type on the feeding behaviour of beneficial organisms, participation in the first introduction of a natural enemy within the context of classical biological control in Slovenia, preparation of rules on the biological control of plant pests and publication of the first Slovenian monograph on biological control. The paper also describes the activities of Slovenian researchers in regard to entomopathogenic nematodes, especially related to the assessment of their presence and efficiency in suppressing harmful insects and the identification of indigenous parasitic nematodes associated with economically harmful slugs. The paper also notes some applicative and basic research projects pertaining to parasitoids, especially in terms of their function as natural enemies of aphids, and in regard to predators of harmful insects and mites, especially predatory mites. The main goal of these activities is to implement the use of as many natural enemies as possible in food and ornamental plant production systems to replace the use of plant protection products.