Journal articles: 'Biological and Biomedical Applications'

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Patching, Simon. "NMR-Active Nuclei for Biological and Biomedical Applications." Journal of Diagnostic Imaging in Therapy 3, no. 1 (June 18, 2016): 7–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17229/jdit.2016-0618-021.

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Chen, Yu‐Cheng, and Xudong Fan. "Biological Lasers for Biomedical Applications." Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 17 (June 11, 2019): 1900377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900377.

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Kaushik, Nagendra, Neha Kaushik, Nguyen Linh, Bhagirath Ghimire, Anchalee Pengkit, Jirapong Sornsakdanuphap, Su-Jae Lee, and Eun Choi. "Plasma and Nanomaterials: Fabrication and Biomedical Applications." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010098.

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Application of plasma medicine has been actively explored during last several years. Treating every type of cancer remains a difficult task for medical personnel due to the wide variety of cancer cell selectivity. Research in advanced plasma physics has led to the development of different types of non-thermal plasma devices, such as plasma jets, and dielectric barrier discharges. Non-thermal plasma generates many charged particles and reactive species when brought into contact with biological samples. The main constituents include reactive nitrogen species, reactive oxygen species, and plasma ultra-violets. These species can be applied to synthesize biologically important nanomaterials or can be used with nanomaterials for various kinds of biomedical applications to improve human health. This review reports recent updates on plasma-based synthesis of biologically important nanomaterials and synergy of plasma with nanomaterials for various kind of biological applications.

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Khanmohammadi Chenab, Karim, Beheshteh Sohrabi, and Atyeh Rahmanzadeh. "Superhydrophobicity: advanced biological and biomedical applications." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 8 (2019): 3110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9bm00558g.

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Bruckmann, Franciele da Silva, Franciane Batista Nunes, Theodoro da Rosa Salles, Camila Franco, Francine Carla Cadoná, and Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden. "Biological Applications of Silica-Based Nanoparticles." Magnetochemistry 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8100131.

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Silica nanoparticles have been widely explored in biomedical applications, mainly related to drug delivery and cancer treatment. These nanoparticles have excellent properties, high biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and ease of functionalization. Moreover, silica is used to coat magnetic nanoparticles protecting against acid leaching and aggregation as well as increasing cytocompatibility. This review reports the recent advances of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles focusing on drug delivery, drug target systems, and their use in magnetohyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging. Notwithstanding, the application in other biomedical fields is also reported and discussed. Finally, this work provides an overview of the challenges and perspectives related to the use of silica-based magnetic nanoparticles in the biomedical field.

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Wang, Jiali, Guo Zhao, Liya Feng, and Shaowen Chen. "Metallic Nanomaterials with Biomedical Applications." Metals 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12122133.

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Metallic nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in various fields due to their photocatalytic, photosensitive, thermal conducting, electrical conducting and semiconducting properties. Among all these fields, metallic nanomaterials are of particular importance in biomedical sensing for the detection of different analytes, such as proteins, toxins, metal ions, nucleotides, anions and saccharides. However, many problems remain to be solved, such as the synthesis method and modification of target metallic nanoparticles, inadequate sensitivity and stability in biomedical sensing and the biological toxicity brought by metallic nanomaterials. Thus, this Special Issue aims to collect research or review articles focused on electrochemical biosensing, such as metallic nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors, metallic oxide-modified electrodes, biological sensing based on metallic nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing devices and chemometrics for metallic nanomaterial-based biological sensing. Meanwhile, studies related to the synthesis and characterization of metallic nanomaterials are also welcome, and both experimental and theoretical studies are welcome for contribution as well.

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Lodhi, Gaurav, Yon-Suk Kim, Jin-Woo Hwang, Se-Kwon Kim, You-Jin Jeon, Jae-Young Je, Chang-Bum Ahn, Sang-Ho Moon, Byong-Tae Jeon, and Pyo-Jam Park. "Chitooligosaccharide and Its Derivatives: Preparation and Biological Applications." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/654913.

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Chitin is a natural polysaccharide of major importance. This biopolymer is synthesized by an enormous number of living organisms; considering the amount of chitin produced annually in the world, it is the most abundant polymer after cellulose. The most important derivative of chitin is chitosan, obtained by partial deacetylation of chitin under alkaline conditions or by enzymatic hydrolysis. Chitin and chitosan are known to have important functional activities but poor solubility makes them difficult to use in food and biomedicinal applications. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin prepared by enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis of chitosan. The greater solubility and low viscosity of COS have attracted the interest of many researchers to utilize COS and their derivatives for various biomedical applications. In light of the recent interest in the biomedical applications of chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives, this review focuses on the preparation and biological activities of chitin, chitosan, COS, and their derivatives.

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Papi, Massimiliano. "Graphene-Based Materials: Biological and Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020672.

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Yang, Wenrong, Pall Thordarson, J. Justin Gooding, Simon P. Ringer, and Filip Braet. "Carbon nanotubes for biological and biomedical applications." Nanotechnology 18, no. 41 (September 12, 2007): 412001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/41/412001.

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Shin, C. S., C. R. Dunnam, P. P. Borbat, B. Dzikovski, E. D. Barth, H. J. Halpern, and J. H. Freed. "ESR Microscopy for Biological and Biomedical Applications." Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters 3, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/nnl.2011.1206.

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Kato, Yasushi P., Michael G. Dunn, Frederick H. Silver, and Arthur J. Wasserman. "Biological and biomedical applications of collagenous biomaterials." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 3 (August 12, 1990): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100161849.

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Collagenous biomaterials have been used for growing cells in vitro as well as for augmentation and replacement of hard and soft tissues. The substratum used for culturing cells is implicated in the modulation of phenotypic cellular expression, cellular orientation and adhesion. Collagen may have a strong influence on these cellular parameters when used as a substrate in vitro. Clinically, collagen has many applications to wound healing including, skin and bone substitution, tendon, ligament, and nerve replacement. In this report we demonstrate two uses of collagen. First as a fiber to support fibroblast growth in vitro, and second as a demineralized bone/collagen sponge for radial bone defect repair in vivo.For the in vitro study, collagen fibers were prepared as described previously. Primary rat tendon fibroblasts (1° RTF) were isolated and cultured for 5 days on 1 X 15 mm sterile cover slips. Six to seven collagen fibers, were glued parallel to each other onto a circular cover slip (D=18mm) and the 1 X 15mm cover slip populated with 1° RTF was placed at the center perpendicular to the collagen fibers. Fibroblast migration from the 1 x 15mm cover slip onto and along the collagen fibers was measured daily using a phase contrast microscope (Olympus CK-2) with a calibrated eyepiece. Migratory rates for fibroblasts were determined from 36 fibers over 4 days.

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Jain, Ankur, and Kenneth E. Goodson. "Thermal microdevices for biological and biomedical applications." Journal of Thermal Biology 36, no. 4 (May 2011): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.02.006.

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Pan, Yunzhi, Li Xiao, Alice S. S. Li, Xu Zhang, Pierre Sirois, Jia Zhang, and Kai Li. "Biological and Biomedical Applications of Engineered Nucleases." Molecular Biotechnology 55, no. 1 (October 23, 2012): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-012-9613-9.

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Xiao, Yufen, and Jianzhong Du. "Superparamagnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, no. 3 (2020): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb01955c.

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Noriega-Luna, B., Luis A. Godínez, Francisco J. Rodríguez, A. Rodríguez, G. Zaldívar-Lelo de Larrea, C. F. Sosa-Ferreyra, R. F. Mercado-Curiel, J. Manríquez, and E. Bustos. "Applications of Dendrimers in Drug Delivery Agents, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Detection." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (April 15, 2014): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/507273.

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In recent years, the application of dendrimers in biomedicine attracted much attention from scientists. Dendrimers are interesting for biomedical applications because of their characteristics, including: a hyperbranching, well-defined globular structures, excellent structural uniformity, multivalency, variable chemical composition, and high biological compatibility. In particular, the three-dimensional architecture of dendrimers can incorporate a variety of biologically active agents to form biologically active conjugates. This review of dendrimers focuses on their use as protein mimics, drug delivery agents, anticancer and antiviral therapeutics, and in biomedical diagnostic applications such as chemically modified electrodes.

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Huang, Pu, Lijun Xu, and Yuedong Xie. "Biomedical Applications of Electromagnetic Detection: A Brief Review." Biosensors 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11070225.

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This paper presents a review on the biomedical applications of electromagnetic detection in recent years. First of all, the thermal, non-thermal, and cumulative thermal effects of electromagnetic field on organism and their biological mechanisms are introduced. According to the electromagnetic biological theory, the main parameters affecting electromagnetic biological effects are frequency and intensity. This review subsequently makes a brief review about the related biomedical application of electromagnetic detection and biosensors using frequency as a clue, such as health monitoring, food preservation, and disease treatment. In addition, electromagnetic detection in combination with machine learning (ML) technology has been used in clinical diagnosis because of its powerful feature extraction capabilities. Therefore, the relevant research involving the application of ML technology to electromagnetic medical images are summarized. Finally, the future development to electromagnetic detection for biomedical applications are presented.

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Meier, Jakob, Eric M Hofferber, Joseph A Stapleton, and Nicole M Iverson. "Hydrogen Peroxide Sensors for Biomedical Applications." Chemosensors 7, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors7040064.

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important molecule within the human body, but many of its roles in physiology and pathophysiology are not well understood. To better understand the importance of H2O2 in biological systems, it is essential that researchers are able to quantify this reactive species in various settings, including in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo systems. This review covers a broad range of H2O2 sensors that have been used in biological systems, highlighting advancements that have taken place since 2015.

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Green, Jordan J., and Jennifer H. Elisseeff. "Mimicking biological functionality with polymers for biomedical applications." Nature 540, no. 7633 (December 2016): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature21005.

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Mirzaei, Hamed, and Majid Darroudi. "Zinc oxide nanoparticles: Biological synthesis and biomedical applications." Ceramics International 43, no. 1 (January 2017): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.051.

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Lim, Chwee Teck, Jongyoon Han, Jochen Guck, and Horacio Espinosa. "Micro and nanotechnology for biological and biomedical applications." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 48, no. 10 (September 16, 2010): 941–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-010-0677-z.

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Ghadiri, M., W. Chrzanowski, and R. Rohanizadeh. "Biomedical applications of cationic clay minerals." RSC Advances 5, no. 37 (2015): 29467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16945j.

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Deng, Zhaoren, Ming Gong, and Yue Li. "Synthesis of Different Nanoparticles for Biological Application." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2133, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2133/1/012004.

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Abstract Compared with traditional materials, the application of nanomaterials in biomedical fields will bring many excellent performances. This review summarizes some new developments and applications of nanoparticles in recent years from the perspective of biology and medicine, including magnetic resonance imaging, treatment for Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and plant infection disease, oxygen-releasing scaffolds, engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) based sanitizer, drug loading system and cancer treatment. This article summarized and discussed the synthesis methods, characterization, advantages, and applications based on these aspects. Introducing nanoparticles into biomedical fields can provide useful ideas for applying nanoparticles in biology and pharmacy in the future.

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Saddow, Stephen E., Christopher L. Frewin, Fabiola Araujo Cespedes, Marioa Gazziro, Evans Bernadin, and Sylvia Thomas. "SiC for Biomedical Applications." Materials Science Forum 858 (May 2016): 1010–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.858.1010.

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Silicon carbide is a well-known wide-band gap semiconductor traditionally used in power electronics and solid-state lighting due to its extremely low intrinsic carrier concentration and high thermal conductivity. What is only recently being discovered is that it possesses excellent compatibility within the biological world. Since publication of the first edition of Silicon Carbide Biotechnology: A Biocompatible Semiconductor for Advanced Biomedical Devices and Applications five years ago [1], significant progress has been made on numerous research and development fronts. In this paper three very promising developments are briefly highlighted – progress towards the realization of a continuous glucose monitoring system, implantable neural interfaces made from free-standing 3C-SiC, and a custom-made low-power ‘wireless capable’ four channel neural recording chip for brain-machine interface applications.

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Racovita, Stefania, Marin-Aurel Trofin, Diana Felicia Loghin, Marius-Mihai Zaharia, Florin Bucatariu, Marcela Mihai, and Silvia Vasiliu. "Polybetaines in Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179321.

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Polybetaines, that have moieties bearing both cationic (quaternary ammonium group) and anionic groups (carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphate/phosphinate/phosphonate groups) situated in the same structural unit represent an important class of smart polymers with unique and specific properties, belonging to the family of zwitterionic materials. According to the anionic groups, polybetaines can be divided into three major classes: poly(carboxybetaines), poly(sulfobetaines) and poly(phosphobetaines). The structural diversity of polybetaines and their special properties such as, antifouling, antimicrobial, strong hydration properties and good biocompatibility lead to their use in nanotechnology, biological and medical fields, water remediation, hydrometallurgy and the oil industry. In this review we aimed to highlight the recent developments achieved in the field of biomedical applications of polybetaines such as: antifouling, antimicrobial and implant coatings, wound healing and drug delivery systems.

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Singhai, Nidhi Jain, and Suman Ramteke. "Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Emerging Applications in the Diverse Biomedical Arena." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (March 26, 2020): 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666200107145528.

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Background: In recent times, CNTs have been much explored, and a topic of interest in science and technology and not limited to any specific field. The diverse application area included field emission, energy storage, atomic electronics, nuclear force microscopy, and imaging. In biology, CNTs engaged in developing novel tools for the delivery of biologically important molecules as well as in diverse biomedical arenas. However, despite their promise, studies of the interaction of CNTs with biological systems most often resulted in cytotoxicity at an early stage, and problems relevant to the safety and biological compatibility of CNTs are of greatest importance. The toxic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are required to be either evaded, diminished, or decreased up-to clinical acceptance level. However, rich surface chemistry that CNTs possess can be employed to functionalize them as per the specific biomedical requirements which may be useful to overcome toxicity issues. Objective: To explore the recent reports on the functionalized CNTs for a variety of biomedical applications such as biosensing, electrochemical detection of drug, bone tissue engineering, and vitamin detection. Results: Most of the cited articles reveal that the functionalization of CNTs may reduce its toxicity and enhance its utilization in different biological applications. Conclusion: The review successfully frames to provide novel applications of functionalized CNTs in the biomedical arena including detection of vitamins, bone tissue engineering, electrochemical determination of drugs, and development of biosensors along with a discussion on current patent and clinical trial status of functionalized CNTs.

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SHAMILI, K., E. M. RAJESH, R. RAJENDRAN, S. R. MADHAN SHANKAR, M. ELANGO, and N. ABITHA DEVI. "COLLOIDAL STABILITY AND MONODISPERSIBLE MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 12, no. 06 (December 2013): 1330002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x13300010.

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Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are promising material for various biological applications. In the recent decades, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have great attention in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). This review focuses on the colloidal stability and monodispersity properties of MNPs, which pay more attention toward biomedical applications. The simplest and the most promising method for the synthesis of MNPs is co-precipitation. The biocompatible MNPs are more interested in MRI application. This review also apportions synthesis, characterization and applications of MNP in biological and biomedical as theranostics and imaging.

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Petrov, Kirill D., and Alexey S. Chubarov. "Magnetite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Encyclopedia 2, no. 4 (November 14, 2022): 1811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2040125.

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential in various areas such as medicine, cancer therapy and diagnostics, biosensing, and material science. In particular, magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are extensively used for numerous bioapplications due to their biocompatibility, high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. This paper describes magnetic nanoparticle physical and biological properties, emphasizing synthesis approaches, toxicity, and various biomedical applications, focusing on the most recent advancements in the areas of therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, and biosensing.

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Gulzar, Arif, Jiating Xu, Piaoping Yang, Fei He, and Liangge Xu. "Upconversion processes: versatile biological applications and biosafety." Nanoscale 9, no. 34 (2017): 12248–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr01836c.

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Doll, Tais A. P. F., Senthilkumar Raman, Raja Dey, and Peter Burkhard. "Nanoscale assemblies and their biomedical applications." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 80 (March 6, 2013): 20120740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0740.

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Nanoscale assemblies are a unique class of materials, which can be synthesized from inorganic, polymeric or biological building blocks. The multitude of applications of this class of materials ranges from solar and electrical to uses in food, cosmetics and medicine. In this review, we initially highlight characteristic features of polymeric nanoscale assemblies as well as those built from biological units (lipids, nucleic acids and proteins). We give special consideration to protein nanoassemblies found in nature such as ferritin protein cages, bacterial microcompartments and vaults found in eukaryotic cells and designed protein nanoassemblies, such as peptide nanofibres and peptide nanotubes. Next, we focus on biomedical applications of these nanoscale assemblies, such as cell targeting, drug delivery, bioimaging and vaccine development. In the vaccine development section, we report in more detail the use of virus-like particles and self-assembling polypeptide nanoparticles as new vaccine delivery platforms.

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Li, Ge, Menghui Zhao, Fei Xu, Bo Yang, Xiangyu Li, Xiangxue Meng, Lesheng Teng, Fengying Sun, and Youxin Li. "Synthesis and Biological Application of Polylactic Acid." Molecules 25, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215023.

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Over the past few decades, with the development of science and technology, the field of biomedicine has rapidly developed, especially with respect to biomedical materials. Low toxicity and good biocompatibility have always been key targets in the development and application of biomedical materials. As a degradable and environmentally friendly polymer, polylactic acid, also known as polylactide, is favored by researchers and has been used as a commercial material in various studies. Lactic acid, as a synthetic raw material of polylactic acid, can only be obtained by sugar fermentation. Good biocompatibility and biodegradability have led it to be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a biomedical material. Polylactic acid has good physical properties, and its modification can optimize its properties to a certain extent. Polylactic acid blocks and blends play significant roles in drug delivery, implants, and tissue engineering to great effect. This article describes the synthesis of polylactic acid (PLA) and its raw materials, physical properties, degradation, modification, and applications in the field of biomedicine. It aims to contribute to the important knowledge and development of PLA in biomedical applications.

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Chen, Hui-Chi, and Chau-Jern Cheng. "Holographic Optical Tweezers: Techniques and Biomedical Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 10244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010244.

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Holographic optical tweezers (HOT) is a programmable technique used for manipulation of microsized samples. In combination with computer-generation holography (CGH), a spatial light modulator reshapes the light distribution within the focal area of the optical tweezers. HOT can be used to realize real-time multiple-point manipulation in fluid, and this is useful in biological research. In this article, we summarize the HOT technique, discuss its recent developments, and present an overview of its biological applications.

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Benčina, Metka, Aleš Iglič, Miran Mozetič, and Ita Junkar. "Crystallized TiO2 Nanosurfaces in Biomedical Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061121.

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Crystallization alters the characteristics of TiO2 nanosurfaces, which consequently influences their bio-performance. In various biomedical applications, the anatase or rutile crystal phase is preferred over amorphous TiO2. The most common crystallization technique is annealing in a conventional furnace. Methods such as hydrothermal or room temperature crystallization, as well as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and other plasma-induced crystallization techniques, present more feasible and rapid alternatives for crystal phase initiation or transition between anatase and rutile phases. With oxygen plasma treatment, it is possible to achieve an anatase or rutile crystal phase in a few seconds, depending on the plasma conditions. This review article aims to address different crystallization techniques on nanostructured TiO2 surfaces and the influence of crystal phase on biological response. The emphasis is given to electrochemically anodized nanotube arrays and their interaction with the biological environment. A short overview of the most commonly employed medical devices made of titanium and its alloys is presented and discussed.

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Xie, Yaxin, Qiuyue Guan, Jiusi Guo, Yilin Chen, Yijia Yin, and Xianglong Han. "Hydrogels for Exosome Delivery in Biomedical Applications." Gels 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8060328.

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Hydrogels, which are hydrophilic polymer networks, have attracted great attention, and significant advances in their biological and biomedical applications, such as for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and models for medical studies, have been made. Due to their similarity in physiological structure, hydrogels are highly compatible with extracellular matrices and biological tissues and can be used as both carriers and matrices to encapsulate cellular secretions. As small extracellular vesicles secreted by nearly all mammalian cells to mediate cell–cell interactions, exosomes play very important roles in therapeutic approaches and disease diagnosis. To maintain their biological activity and achieve controlled release, a strategy that embeds exosomes in hydrogels as a composite system has been focused on in recent studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a thorough overview of the use of composite hydrogels for embedding exosomes in medical applications, including the resources for making hydrogels and the properties of hydrogels, and strategies for their combination with exosomes.

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Xu, Jian-Lin, Zhi-Feng Liu, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Hai-Li Liu, and Yong Wang. "Microbial Oligosaccharides with Biomedical Applications." Marine Drugs 19, no. 6 (June 21, 2021): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060350.

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Microbial oligosaccharides have been regarded as one of the most appealing natural products attributable to their potent and selective bioactivities, such as antimicrobial activity, inhibition of α-glucosidases and lipase, interference of cellular recognition and signal transduction, and disruption of cell wall biosynthesis. Accordingly, a handful of bioactive oligosaccharides have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infections and type II diabetes mellitus. Given that naturally occurring oligosaccharides have increasingly gained recognition in recent years, a comprehensive review is needed. The current review highlights the chemical structures, biological activities and divergent biosynthetic origins of three subgroups of oligomers including the acarviosine-containing oligosaccharides, saccharomicins, and orthosomycins.

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Ain, Noor ul, Jamal Abdul Nasir, Zaibunisa Khan, Ian S. Butler, and Ziaur Rehman. "Copper sulfide nanostructures: synthesis and biological applications." RSC Advances 12, no. 12 (2022): 7550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra08414c.

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Over the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to biomedical applications of copper sulfide nanostructures owing to their enhanced physiochemical and pharmacokinetics characteristics in comparison to gold, silver, and carbon nanomaterials.

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Mizutani, Masayoshi, and Tsunemoto Kuriyagawa. "Special Issue on Biomedical Applications." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 6 (October 31, 2017): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0861.

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Interdisciplinary research that integrates medical science, biotechnology, materials science, mechanical engineering, and manufacturing has seen rapid progress in recent years. Not only fundamental research into biological functions but also the development of clinical approaches to treating patients are being actively carried out by experts in different fields. For example, artificial materials, such as those used in orthopedic surgery and dental implants, are being used more widely in medical treatments. In the area of minimally invasive surgery using X-rays, CT, and MRI, medical devices possessing radiolucent and nonmagnetic properties are playing a major role. Medical auxiliary equipment, such as wheelchairs, prosthetic feet, and other objects used to supplement medical treatment, is also critical. To assure that such advances continue into the future, material development and manufacturing processes should eventually satisfy the requirements of medical and biological applications, which are being debated by experts in different fields. The applicable materials should have excellent specific strength and rigidity, high biocompatibility, and good formability. The various needs for material characteristics and functions make interdisciplinary research essential. Mechanical engineering and manufacturing technologies should be further developed to solve problems involved in the establishment of basic principles by integrating the knowledge of materials science, medical science, biology, chemistry, and other fields. This special issue addresses the latest research advances into the biomedical applications of different manufacturing technologies. This covers a wide area, including biotechnologies, biomanufacturing, biodevices, and biomedical technologies. We hope that learning more about these advances will enable the readers to share in the authors’ experience and knowledge of technologies and development. All papers were refereed through careful peer reviews. We would like express our sincere appreciation to the authors for their submissions and to the reviewers for their invaluable efforts, which have ensured the success of this special issue.

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Liu, Wei, Shifeng Liu, and Liqiang Wang. "Surface Modification of Biomedical Titanium Alloy: Micromorphology, Microstructure Evolution and Biomedical Applications." Coatings 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9040249.

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With the increasing demand for bone implant therapy, titanium alloy has been widely used in the biomedical field. However, various potential applications of titanium alloy implants are easily hampered by their biological inertia. In fact, the interaction of the implant with tissue is critical to the success of the implant. Thus, the implant surface is modified before implantation frequently, which can not only improve the mechanical properties of the implant, but also polish up bioactivity and osseoconductivity on a cellular level. This paper aims at reviewing titanium surface modification techniques for biomedical applications. Additionally, several other significant aspects are described in detail in this article, for example, micromorphology, microstructure evolution that determines mechanical properties, as well as a number of issues concerning about practical application of biomedical implants.

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Bakhshpour, Monireh, Neslihan Idil, Işık Perçin, and Adil Denizli. "Biomedical Applications of Polymeric Cryogels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030553.

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The application of interconnected supermacroporous cryogels as support matrices for the purification, separation and immobilization of whole cells and different biological macromolecules has been well reported in literature. Cryogels have advantages over traditional gel carriers in the field of biochromatography and related biomedical applications. These matrices nearly mimic the three-dimensional structure of native tissue extracellular matrix. In addition, mechanical, osmotic and chemical stability of cryogels make them attractive polymeric materials for the construction of scaffolds in tissue engineering applications and in vitro cell culture, separation materials for many different processes such as immobilization of biomolecules, capturing of target molecules, and controlled drug delivery. The low mass transfer resistance of cryogel matrices makes them useful in chromatographic applications with the immobilization of different affinity ligands to these materials. Cryogels have been introduced as gel matrices prepared using partially frozen monomer or polymer solutions at temperature below zero. These materials can be produced with different shapes and are of interest in the therapeutic area. This review highlights the recent advances in cryogelation technologies by emphasizing their biomedical applications to supply an overview of their rising stars day to day.

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Ma, Jiliang, Linxin Zhong, Xinwen Peng, Yongkang Xu, and Runcang Sun. "Functional Chitosan-based Materials for Biological Applications." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 28 (August 6, 2020): 4660–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867327666200420091312.

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Background: Bio-based materials, as the plentiful and renewable resources for natural constituents which are essential for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, have not been exploited adequately yet. Chitosan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide obtained from chitin, which has recently attracted widespread attention owing to its excellent activity. This review shows the methods of extraction and modification of chitosan and provides recent progress of synthesis and use of chitosan-based materials in biological applications. Methods: By consulting the research literature of the last decade, the recent progresses of functional chitosan-based materials for biological applications were summarized and divided into the methods of extraction chitosan, the chemical modification of chitosan, chitosan-based materials for biological applications were described and discussed. Results: Chemical modification of chitosan broadens its applications, leading to developing numerous forms of chitosan-based materials with excellent properties. The excellent bioactivity of chitosan-based material enables it serves potential applications in biomedical fields. Conclusion: Chitosan-based materials not only exhibit the excellent activities of chitosan but also show other appealing performance of combined materials, even give the good synergistic properties of chitosan and its composite materials. Further studies are needed to define the ideal physicochemical properties of chitosan for each type of biomedical applications. The development of various functional chitosan-based materials for biological applications will be an important field of research, and this kind of material has important commercial value.

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Kirillova, Alina, and Leonid Ionov. "Shape-changing polymers for biomedical applications." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 7, no. 10 (2019): 1597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tb02579g.

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Smart polymers that are capable of controlled shape transformations under external stimuli have attracted significant attention in the recent years due to the resemblance of this behavior to the biological intelligence observed in nature. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the field of shape-morphing polymers, highlighting their most promising applications in the biomedical field.

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Nune, K. C., and R. D. K. Misra. "Biological activity of nanostructured metallic materials for biomedical applications." Materials Technology 31, no. 13 (September 3, 2016): 772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2016.1225148.

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Hristov, Delyan, Cristina Rodriguez-Quijada, Jose Gomez-Marquez, and Kimberly Hamad-Schifferli. "Designing Paper-Based Immunoassays for Biomedical Applications." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030554.

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Paper-based sensors and assays have been highly attractive for numerous biological applications, including rapid diagnostics and assays for disease detection, food safety, and clinical care. In particular, the paper immunoassay has helped drive many applications in global health due to its low cost and simplicity of operation. This review is aimed at examining the fundamentals of the technology, as well as different implementations of paper-based assays and discuss novel strategies for improving their sensitivity, performance, or enabling new capabilities. These innovations can be categorized into using unique nanoparticle materials and structures for detection via different techniques, novel biological species for recognizing biomarkers, or innovative device design and/or architecture.

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Mikhailova, Ekaterina O. "Green Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040260.

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The diverse biological properties of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) make them ideal for use in the development of new tools in therapy, diagnostics, and other biomedical purposes. “Green” PtNPs synthesis is of great interest as it is eco-friendly, less energy-consuming and minimizes the amount of toxic by-products. This review is devoted to the biosynthesis properties of platinum nanoparticles based on living organisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants) use. The participation of various biological compounds in PtNPs synthesis is highlighted. The biological activities of “green” platinum nanoparticles (antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, etc.), the proposed mechanisms of influence on target cells and the potential for their further biomedical application are discussed.

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Cao, Jian, Zhongxing Liu, Limin Zhang, Jinlong Li, Haiming Wang, and Xiuhui Li. "Advance of Electroconductive Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications in Orthopedics." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (January 22, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6668209.

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Electroconductive hydrogels (EHs) are promising composite biomaterials of hydrogels and conductive electroactive polymers, incorporating bionic physicochemical properties of hydrogels and conductivity, electrochemistry, and electrical stimulation (ES) responsiveness of conductive electroactive polymers. The biomedical domain has increasingly seen EHs’ application to imitating the biological and electrical properties of human tissues, acclaimed as one of the most effective biomaterials. Bone’s complex bioelectrochemical properties and the corresponding stem cell differentiation affected by electrical signal elevate EHs’ application value in repairing and treating bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle. Noteworthily, the latest orthopedic biological applications require broader information of EHs. Except for presenting the classification and synthesis of EHs, this review recapitulates the advance of EHs application to orthopedics in the past five years and discusses the pertinent development tendency and challenge, aiming to provide a reference for EHs application direction and prospect in orthopedic therapy.

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Rodrigues, Fernando, Eduardo Azzolini Volnistem, Gustavo Sanguino Dias, Ivair Aparecido dos Santos, and Luiz Cotica. "Magnetic Nanorings for Biomedical Applications." Advanced Nano Research 5, no. 1 (July 17, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/anr.5.1.1-7.

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In this work we investigate the characteristics and feasibility of a new class of magnetic particles that are optimized for possible biological applications as magnetic hyperthermia. These new nanostructures have the nanoring shape, being composed of iron oxides (magnetite or hematite). Such morphology gives the nanoparticles a peculiar magnetic behavior due to their magnetic vortex state. The iron oxide nanorings were obtained using hydrothermal synthesis. X-ray Diffraction confirmed the existence of the desired crystal structure and Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that the magnetite particles had nanometric dimensions with annular morphology (diameter ~250 nm). The nanorings also show intensified magnetic properties and a transition to a vortex state. This study showed that it is possible to obtain magnetic nanorings with properties that can be used in nanotechnological applications (mainly biotechnological ones aimed at the treatment and diagnosis of cancer), in large quantities in a simple synthesis route.

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Ullah, Samee, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Faryal Shaukat, and Yuanda Song. "Sources, Extraction and Biomedical Properties of Polysaccharides." Foods 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8080304.

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In the recent era, bioactive compounds from plants have received great attention because of their vital health-related activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anticoagulant activity, anti-diabetic activity, UV protection, antiviral activity, hypoglycemia, etc. Previous studies have already shown that polysaccharides found in plants are not likely to be toxic. Based on these inspirational comments, most research focused on the isolation, identification, and bioactivities of polysaccharides. A large number of biologically active polysaccharides have been isolated with varying structural and biological activities. In this review, a comprehensive summary is provided of the recent developments in the physical and chemical properties as well as biological activities of polysaccharides from a number of important natural sources, such as wheat bran, orange peel, barely, fungi, algae, lichen, etc. This review also focused on biomedical applications of polysaccharides. The contents presented in this review will be useful as a reference for future research as well as for the extraction and application of these bioactive polysaccharides as a therapeutic agent.

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Faggi, Enrico, Santiago V. Luis, and Ignacio Alfonso. "Sensing, Transport and Other Potential Biomedical Applications of Pseudopeptides." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 21 (September 19, 2019): 4065–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180301091040.

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Pseudopeptides are privileged synthetic molecules built from the designed combination of peptide-like and abiotic artificial moieties. Consequently, they are benefited from the advantages of both families of chemical structures: modular synthesis, chemical and functional diversity, tailored three-dimensional structure, usually high stability in biological media and low non-specific toxicity. Accordingly, in the last years, these compounds have been used for different biomedical applications, ranging from bio-sensing, ion transport, the molecular recognition of biologically relevant species, drug delivery or gene transfection. This review highlights a selection of the most remarkable and recent advances in this field.

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Tibbitt, Mark W., Christopher B. Rodell, Jason A. Burdick, and Kristi S. Anseth. "Progress in material design for biomedical applications." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 47 (November 24, 2015): 14444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516247112.

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Biomaterials that interface with biological systems are used to deliver drugs safely and efficiently; to prevent, detect, and treat disease; to assist the body as it heals; and to engineer functional tissues outside of the body for organ replacement. The field has evolved beyond selecting materials that were originally designed for other applications with a primary focus on properties that enabled restoration of function and mitigation of acute pathology. Biomaterials are now designed rationally with controlled structure and dynamic functionality to integrate with biological complexity and perform tailored, high-level functions in the body. The transition has been from permissive to promoting biomaterials that are no longer bioinert but bioactive. This perspective surveys recent developments in the field of polymeric and soft biomaterials with a specific emphasis on advances in nano- to macroscale control, static to dynamic functionality, and biocomplex materials.

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Wang, Tingting, Yang Jiao, Qinyuan Chai, and Xinjun Yu. "Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Biological Applications." Nano LIFE 05, no. 03 (September 2015): 1542007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984415420076.

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Gold nanoparticles ( AuNPs ) as one of the most stable metal nanoparticles have demonstrated extensive applications in recent years. In this review, the synthetic methods to AuNPs were discussed, which included citrate reduction, Brust–Schiffrin method, ligand-stabilized AuNPs and so on, followed with the synthetic mechanisms. Special emphasis was made on polymer modified AuNPs in biomedical applications, especially for polymer/ AuNPs conjugated in the field of cancer therapy and early diagnosis. The applications based on optoelectronic properties, which was related to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, were also summarized as biosensors for labeling and detection.

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Song, Xiao-Rong, Nirmal Goswami, Huang-Hao Yang, and Jianping Xie. "Functionalization of metal nanoclusters for biomedical applications." Analyst 141, no. 11 (2016): 3126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an00773b.

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Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are emerging as a new class of functional nanomaterials in the area of biological sensing, labelling, imaging and therapy due to their unique physical and chemical properties, such as ultrasmall size, HOMO–LUMO transition, strong luminescence together with good photostability and biocompatibility.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biological and Biomedical Applications'

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