Journal articles: 'Bioinoculants'

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Ambawade, M. S., N. V. Manghwani, P. R. Madhyani, A. M. Shaikh, D. D. Patil, and G. R. Pathade. "Influence of Yeast Bioinoculant Isolated from Indian Date Palm Tree (Phoenix sylvestris) Sap on the Health of Wheat Crop and Soil." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 2093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2023.v22i04.034.

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In this study, three promising yeast isolates were isolated from the sap of the Indian date palm tree (Phoenix sylvestris) and characterized by biochemical tests and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. They were confirmed as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and were designated as strains PYS-1, PYS-2, and PYS-3. These confirmed strains were used for the preparation of bioinoculants. Bioinoculant was prepared and applied to wheat crops, and the effect of Bioinoculant. Statistical analysis is carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and it is found that the absorbance of chlorophyll, protein, and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) content is significantly increased. The treatment of bioinoculant showed that crops significantly increased chlorophyll, protein, and IAA content. Further, we applied bioinoculant on the soil and measured the soil’s humus content before and after the treatment of bioinoculant. Then, a paired t-test was applied to check the effectiveness of the treatment, and it was found to significantly increase humus content in the soil. The use of bioinoculants is an economically feasible and eco-friendly method.

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Nosheen, Asia, Asghari Bano, and Faizan Ullah. "Bioinoculants." Toxicology and Industrial Health 32, no. 2 (October 4, 2013): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233713498453.

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Chaudhary, Twinkle, and Pratyoosh Shukla. "Bioinoculant capability enhancement through metabolomics and systems biology approaches." Briefings in Functional Genomics 18, no. 3 (June 20, 2018): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elz011.

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AbstractBioinoculants are eco-friendly microorganisms, and their products are utilized for improving the potential of soil and fulfill the nutrients requirement for the host plant. The agricultural yield has increased due to the use of bioinoculants over chemical-based fertilizers, and thus it generates interest in understanding the innovation process by various methods. By gene-editing tool, the desired gene product can be changed for engineered microbial inoculants. We have also described various modern biotechnological tools like constraint-based modeling, OptKnock, flux balance analysis and modeling of the biological network for enhancing the bioinoculant capability. These fluxes give the fascinating perception of the metabolic network in the absence of comprehensive kinetic information. These tools also help in the stimulation of the metabolic networks by incorporation of enzyme-encoding genes. The present review explains the use of systems biology and gene-editing tools for improving the capability of bioinoculants. Moreover, this review also emphasizes on the challenges and future perspective of systems biology and its multidisciplinary facets.

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Akshitha, H. J., K. Umesha, and T. H. Shankarappa. "Effects of Type of Cutting, IBA and Bioinoculants on Rooting in Madhunashini (Gymnema sylvestre Retz.)." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v9i1.232.

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An experiment was carried out to study the effect of type of cutting, IBA and bioinoculants on rooting in madhunashini. Among the three types of cuttings, hardwood cuttings registered higher values for fresh (0.790g/cutting) and dry weight (0.650g/cutting) of sprouts, per cent rooting (6.66 %), fresh and dry weight of roots (0.037 and 0.030g/ cutting) and biomass production (0.682g/cutting). Among IBA and bioinoculant treatments, Azotobacter chroococcum recorded higher values for percentage sprouting (26.66 %) and rooting (9.99 %) as also for other root parameters; whereas, maximum fresh weight (0.863g/cutting) and dry weight of sprouts (0.740g/cutting), and, biomass production (0.759g/cutting) was observed in IBA 1000ppm treatment. Interaction effect of type of cutting, IBA and bioinoculants on fresh and dry weight of sprouts (2.438g and 2.084g, respectively) and biomass production (2.123g/cutting) was found superior in hardwood cuttings treated with IBA 1000ppm. Percentage of rooting (13.33 %) was better in hardwood cuttings treated with Azotobacter chroococcum. Therefore, among the various treatments tested, hardwood cuttings treated with Azotobacter chroococcum are the best for propagation through cuttings.

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Berdeja, Mariam P., Qiuhong Ye, Taryn L. Bauerle, and Justine E. Vanden Heuvel. "Commercial Bioinoculants Increase Root Length Colonization and Improve Petiole Nutrient Concentration of Field-grown Grapevines." HortTechnology 33, no. 1 (February 2023): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05110-22.

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Agricultural bioinoculants containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi represent a potential opportunity to reduce the dependence of grapevines (Vitis) on agrochemicals. This field study assessed the ability of four commercial bioinoculants to colonize grapevine roots and their effects on petiole nutrient concentration, berry composition, and root morphology of ‘Pinot noir’ (Vitis vinifera) grafted onto rootstock ‘Couderc 3309’ (Vitis riparia × Vitis rupestris) and ‘Riesling’ (V. vinifera) grafted onto ‘Couderc 3309’ and Selection Oppenheim four (Vitis berlandieri × V. riparia). Three bioinoculants increased root mycorrhizal colonization; however, regardless of the treatment, mycorrhizal fungal structures were enhanced. Grapevine petiole nutrient concentration was improved by bioinoculants. Root diameter, root length density, and specific root length increased with greater mycorrhizal root colonization. Using bioinoculants to reduce chemical fertilizers may be a good strategy to improve grapevine productivity and health in cool climates; however, the impact of mycorrhizal bioinoculants in the vineyard may differ among scion–rootstocks, edaphoclimatic conditions, and vineyard soil microbiomes.

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K.S, RAGHUWANSHI, PAWAR K.B, and PATIL J.D. "STANDARDIZATION OF LOAD OF BIOINOCULANT IN PEARLMILLET UNDER DRYLAND CONDITIONS." Madras Agricultural Journal 85, september (1998): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00751.

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Field trial was conducted to study the response of pearlmillet to differnt loads of bioinoculants on vertisol for six years in dryland conditions. Dual inoculation of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chroococcum at optimum load of inoculum i.c. 60 g/kg seed performed economically well in respect of plant height, 1000 grain weight, Nitrogen uptake besides grain and stover yields over their individual inoculaiton at recommended dose i.c. 30 g/kg seed. More cost benefit ratio and additional net income was recorded by 60 g/kg seed treatment as compared to recommended dose of bioinoculant.

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Kandula, D. R. W., H. Alizadeh, C. S. P. Teixiera, D. Gale, A. Stewart, and J. G. Hampton. "Trichoderma bioinoculant improves seedling emergence plant growth and seed yield of Camelina sativa (L) Crantz." New Zealand Plant Protection 68 (January 8, 2015): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2015.68.5835.

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Camelina sativa seedling emergence and plant growth can be reduced by the soilborne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani The effect of a mixture of Trichoderma atroviride isolates applied in granule and prill formulations at a rate equivalent to 15 kg/ha on two varieties of C sativa (Suneson and 4164) was evaluated in glasshouse experiments using R solani infested soil The bioinoculant treatments significantly increased seedling emergence by 3060 and increased total shoot and root dry weight by 48 fold over that of the untreated control In a field experiment in 20122013 using C sativa variety 4164 the prill formulation of the bioinoculant was applied at sowing Seedling emergence was not significantly increased but shoot dry weight was increased by 20 and seed yield was increased by 25 by the bioinoculant treatment over that of the control Trichoderma bioinoculants may have a role in the integrated crop management of this second generation biofuel crop

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Selno, Silvester, Zulfa Zakiah, and Rikhsan Kurniatuhadi. "Kualitas Gaharu Aquilaria sp. dengan Pemberian Bioinokulan Fermentasi Batang Pisang yang Terkena Penyakit Layu Fusarium." JURNAL BIOS LOGOS 11, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.2.2021.32551.

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(Article History: Received February 1, 2021; Revised March 8, 2021; Accepted April 7, 2021) ABSTRAK Upaya produksi gaharu budidaya umumnya menggunakan inokulan dari jenis Fusarium sp., namun mahalnya inokulan biakan murni menjadi faktor pembatas untuk produksi gaharu budidaya. Bioinokulan dapat menjadi solusi bagi petani gaharu karena dibuat dari bahan yang mengandung mikroorganisme patogen dan tidak membutuhkan proses pembiakan murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis mikroorganisme dan konsentrasi bioinokulan yang tepat digunakan untuk menghasilkan kualitas gaharu yang baik serta mengetahui kualitas gaharu yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan bioinokulan dari fermentasi batang pisang yang terkena penyakit layu fusarium. Metode penelitian lapangan dengan melakukan inokulasi bioinokulan dari fermentasi batang pisang yang terkena penyakit layu fusarium pada pohon Aquilaria sp. Setiap konsentrasi diinokulasikan pada pohon yang berbeda. Pada ketinggian 30 cm dari permukaan tanah, pohon dibuat lubang sebanyak 5 buah secara vertikal dengan menggunakan bor dengan jarak antar lubang 50 cm. Inokulan diinokulasikan melalui lubang yang telah dibuat dengan metode infus. Hasil penelitian diperoleh tiga jenis mikroorganisme yang terdapat pada bioinokulan yaitu kelompok genus Aspergillus, Fusarium dan Saccharomyces. Perlakuan dengan konsentrasi bioinokulan 140 ml memberikan hasil yang terbaik terhadap bobot kayu gaharu, warna, aroma dan kadar resin gaharu yang dihasilkan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas gaharu yang dihasilkan setelah 4 bulan inokulasi menghasilkan mutu gaharu kelas kemedangan. Kata Kunci: Aquilaria sp., Bioinokulan, Fusarium sp., Gaharu, Inokulasi ABSTRACT Efforts to produce cultivated agarwood generally use inoculants of the type Fusarium sp. however the high cost of pure culture inoculants is a limiting factor for cultivated agarwood production. Bioinoculants can be a solution for agarwood farmers because they are made from materials containing pathogenic microorganisms and do not require a pure breeding process. The research aims to determine the kind of microorganisms and the proper concentration of bioinoculants to produce good quality agarwood and determine the quality of aloes produced by using bioinoculants from fermented banana stem affected by fusarium wilt disease. The method of field research was by conducting inoculation of bioinoculants from the fermentation of banana stems affected by fusarium wilt on Aquilaria sp. Each concentration was inoculated on a different tree. At a height of 30 cm from the ground, 5 holes are made vertically using a drill with a distance of 50 cm between the holes. The inoculant is inoculated through the hole that has been made by the infusion method. The results showed that there were three types of microorganisms found in bioinoculants, namely the Aspergillus, Fusarium and Saccharomyces genus groups. Treatment with a concentration of 140 ml of bioinoculant gave the best results on the weight of agarwood, color, aroma and content of the resulting agarwood resin. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the quality of aloes produced after 4 months of inoculation resulted in the quality of agarwood in the kemedangan class.Keywords: Agarwood, Aquilaria sp., Bioinoculants, Fusarium sp., Inoculation

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Chakravarty*, Gargi. "Preparation of Plant Growth Enhancing Bioformulation from Agricultural Wastes by Solid State Fermentation." Current Agriculture Research Journal 12, no. 1 (April 20, 2024): 316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.12.1.25.

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Preparation of organic waste based bioformulation through solid state fermentation technology for application in the field offers an ecofriendly and viable alternative to sustainable food production. The present study deals with the potential of seven agrowastes as substrate carriers for the growth of indigenous strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) that stimulate plant growth. The cosubstrate (CS) with equal proportion of the seven agrowastes and both the bioinoculants (CSPfBs) proved as the best substrate carrier with highest population load of the bioinoculants at 45 days after storage (DAS). Thereafter the population declined steadily in all the bioformulations from 60 DAS to 90 DAS. However, CSPfBs gave the highest population load at 90 DAS. As individual substrate for both Pf and Bs, vermicompost performed best with a population load of 9.95 of Pf and 9.98 of Bs at 90 DAS. The bioformulations CSPfBs, VBs and VPf when applied in soil, gave the best yield in brinjal plants (Solanum melongena L. cv. Pusa Kranti) at 30 days after transplanting. Similar trends were also observed in the other yield parameters. The study indicates the scope of the prepared bioinoculant as a low cost eco friendly option for promotion of growth and yield of crops.

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A. N. Ravindranath and U. S. Sarma. "BIOINOCULANTS FOR COIR RETTING." CORD 11, no. 01 (June 1, 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v11i01.287.

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The mesocarp of the coconut or its husk is the source of coir. Coir fibre has several potential end uses like for the manufacture of various coir products predominantly coir floor coverings, yarn, rope, rubberized coir and latest as geotextile material. Coir is extracted from the coconut husk which is subjected to steeping in saline backwaters for six to nine months. This prolonged period of steeping is disadvantageous on economic considerations and also deprives the coir industry of sufficient raw material for the product sector. The treatment of selected strains of phenol degrading bacterial cultures on to husks immersed for retting is reported to reduce the period of retting to some extent 3. This paper reports the findings of a field study on the treatment of selected strains of bacteria on one lakh husks steeped for retting. Samples of husks drawn out after three months of steeping were observed to be fully retted and yielded fibre suitable for spinning superior quality coir yarn.

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Singh, Pragya, and D. P. Sharma. "Effect of Micronutrients and Bioinoculants on Seed Yield and Seed Quality of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) under Kymore Plateau Zone." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 8 (June 3, 2023): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82005.

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Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most extensively cultivated and economically important spice crops worldwide. Chilli is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide for its valuable fruits. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of micronutrients and bioinoculants on seed yield and quality of chilli. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD-Factorial) with three replications and twenty treatments, including four micronutrients (M1-M5) and three bioinoculants (B0-B3). The interaction effect of micronutrients and bioinoculants was found to be significant in enhancing the chilli seed yield and quality. The treatment combination M5B3 (ZnSO4 (0.2%) + Trichoderma viride (TV) + Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) + Azotobacter chroococcum (AC) (2.5 kg/ha +2.5 kg/ha+ 5.0 kg/ha)) showed the highest improvement. Therefore, it can be inferred that a combination of micronutrients and bioinoculants is recommended for increasing the seed yield and quality of chilli.

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Orozco-Mosqueda, Ma del Carmen, Aurora Flores, Blanca Rojas-Sánchez, Carlos A. Urtis-Flores, Luzmaria R. Morales-Cedeño, María F. Valencia-Marin, Salvador Chávez-Avila, Daniel Rojas-Solis, and Gustavo Santoyo. "Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria as Bioinoculants: Attributes and Challenges for Sustainable Crop Improvement." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061167.

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Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are excellent biocontrol agents and stimulators of plant growth, nutrition, and production. Therefore, these plant-associated bacteria are considered an excellent alternative to reduce or eliminate the use of toxic agrochemicals. In this work, we review the current state of the beneficial mechanisms (direct and indirect), including the production of antibiotic compounds and enzymes, facilitation of resource acquisition, or production of stimulating phytohormones/metabolites. Some aspects of the formulation technology and bioinoculant efficiency of diverse PGPBs (e.g., rhizobacteria, phyllobacteria and endophytic bacteria) in the field are also discussed. However, the commercialization and application of these biological agents in agriculture occur mainly in developed countries, limiting their success in developing regions. The possible causes of the delay in the application of bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and the plausible solutions are also discussed in this study. Finally, the use of PGPBs is currently a priority for sustainable production in agriculture.

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Soundararajan, R. P., and N. Chitra. "EFFECT OF BIOINOCULANTS ON SUCKING PESTS AND POD BORER COMPLEX IN URDBEAN." Journal of Biopesticides 04, no. 01 (June 1, 2011): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.4.1.7-11.

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ABSTRACT Pulse crops are damaged by an array of pest complex and yield reduction due to insect pests is one of the major constraints for low productivity. Use of microbial bioinoculants can substitute the conventional pesticide use in short duration crops like urdbean, mungbean and cowpea. In the present study, the bioinoculants such as Beauveria bassiana and Pseudomonasfluorescens talc formulations (10g/kg seed & 2ml/lit) were tested against whitefly Bemisia tabaci, leaf hopper Empoasca kerri, legume pod borer Maruca vitrata and flea beetle Madurasia obscurella. The damage by M.vitrata, gram pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, blue butterfly Lampides boeticus and pod bugs was also recorded. The results of two year experiments revealed that significant effect was observed in the bioinoculants applied plots on the sucking insects and pod borer complex. The P. fluorescens seed treated plots had lower whitefly population compared to B.bassiana treated plots and untreated check. The foliar application of B.bassiana showed good results on the pod borer complex. The damage by M. vitrata, H. armigera, L. boeticus was low in the harvested pods as against the untreated control. The damage by pod bugs was also low in the B.bassiana applied plants. The yield in different treatments was recorded and the highest yield was recorded in chemical treated plots followed by bioinoculants treated plots.

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Lakshman, Shyam Sundar, and M. K. Ghodke. "Response of Bioinoculants to Early Seedling Growth in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus, L.)." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.01025.

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The present study was carried out to evaluate the response of different bioagents/biofungicides and growth regulators on seed germination and early seedling growth of sunflower. Eleven (11) treatments were established for the present investigation. Higher germination was observed in T5, T6/T7, T10 and T11 treatments in contrast to other treatments. Treatments T7, T3 and T11 were found significantly better than all other treatments. Generally, root and shoot length increased with the advancement of growth stages. T4 showed higher number of secondary roots in comparison to all other treatments. The shoot length and root length in all the cases (irrespective of the cultivars: DRSH-1, DRSF-108, LSFH-171) were highly influenced by the bioinoculants and chemicals; however, influence of bioagents was found better than the chemicals. Similarly, the seedling weight in 96 hours after sowing and 144 hours after sowing in all the cultivars was reported higher than when the seeds were treated with bioinoculants, which reflected the efficacy of the bioinoculants compared to others.

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Maitra, Sagar, Marian Brestic, Preetha Bhadra, Tanmoy Shankar, Subhashisa Praharaj, Jnana Bharati Palai, M. Mostafizur Rahman Shah, et al. "Bioinoculants—Natural Biological Resources for Sustainable Plant Production." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010051.

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Agricultural sustainability is of foremost importance for maintaining high food production. Irresponsible resource use not only negatively affects agroecology, but also reduces the economic profitability of the production system. Among different resources, soil is one of the most vital resources of agriculture. Soil fertility is the key to achieve high crop productivity. Maintaining soil fertility and soil health requires conscious management effort to avoid excessive nutrient loss, sustain organic carbon content, and minimize soil contamination. Though the use of chemical fertilizers have successfully improved crop production, its integration with organic manures and other bioinoculants helps in improving nutrient use efficiency, improves soil health and to some extent ameliorates some of the constraints associated with excessive fertilizer application. In addition to nutrient supplementation, bioinoculants have other beneficial effects such as plant growth-promoting activity, nutrient mobilization and solubilization, soil decontamination and/or detoxification, etc. During the present time, high energy based chemical inputs also caused havoc to agriculture because of the ill effects of global warming and climate change. Under the consequences of climate change, the use of bioinputs may be considered as a suitable mitigation option. Bioinoculants, as a concept, is not something new to agricultural science, however; it is one of the areas where consistent innovations have been made. Understanding the role of bioinoculants, the scope of their use, and analysing their performance in various environments are key to the successful adaptation of this technology in agriculture.

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Thiebaut, Flávia, Maria Clara de Oliveira Urquiaga, Aline Cardozo Rosman, Mirielson Loures da Silva, and Adriana Silva Hemerly. "The Impact of Non-Nodulating Diazotrophic Bacteria in Agriculture: Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms That Benefit Crops." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 11301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911301.

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Agriculture is facing increasing challenges with regard to achieving sustainable growth in productivity without negatively impacting the environment. The use of bioinoculants is emerging as a sustainable solution for agriculture, especially bioinoculants based on diazotrophic bacteria. Brazil is at the forefront of studies intended to identify beneficial diazotrophic bacteria, as well as in the molecular characterization of this association on both the bacterial and plant sides. Here we highlight the main advances in molecular studies to understand the benefits brought to plants by diazotrophic bacteria. Different molecular pathways in plants are regulated both genetically and epigenetically, providing better plant performance. Among them, we discuss the involvement of genes related to nitrogen metabolism, cell wall formation, antioxidant metabolism, and regulation of phytohormones that can coordinate plant responses to environmental factors. Another important aspect in this regard is how the plant recognizes the microorganism as beneficial. A better understanding of plant–bacteria–environment interactions can assist in the future formulation of more efficient bioinoculants, which could in turn contribute to more sustainable agriculture practices.

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Luang-In, Vijitra, Kedsukon Maneewan, Sirirat Deeseenthum, Worachot Saengha, and Thipphiya Karirat. "Application of Soil Bacteria as Bioinoculants to Promote Growth of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 26, 2022): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(3).502.510.

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This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of soil bacteria as bioinoculants (biofertilizers) to promote cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) growth. Three pure bacterial cultures namely Acinetobacter pittii PT1.3.4 (AP), Achromobacter sp.C2.23 (AS), and Achromobacter xylosoxidans N3.4 (AX) were used as bioinoculants to enhance germination and development of cowpea seeds. Pre-decide formulations of single or mixed cultures were prepared, soaked with cowpea seeds, and cultivated on agar in a growth chamber for 7 days at 25°C. Shoot and root length were measured and percentage germination was determined. Similarly, bacterial formulations were prepared in talcum powder and were used as bioinoculants to adhere to cowpea seeds. The inoculated seeds were cultivated in pots for 28 days for the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, and percentage germination. Among the tested various formulations, treatment has A. pittii (AP) displayed the highest shoot length (14.67 cm) and fresh weight (0.58 g/plant) of cowpea under laboratory conditions after seven days of inoculation. Similarly, cowpea plants treated with A. pittii (AP) also have the tallest shoots (14.25 cm) under natural conditions after 7 days of inoculation, while the highest root length (10.5 cm) and fresh weight (1.57 g/plant) were recorded from the treatment of Achromobacter sp. (AS). Further, the results of the study also revealed that soil bacteria can survive for one month in talcum powder at 4°C and room temperature storage. These bioinoculants can be used for agricultural application by local farmers to mitigate the cost of chemicals that cause environmental concerns to promote sustainable agriculture in Thailand.

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Saini, Ishan, Ashok Aggarwal, and Prashant Kaushik. "Influence of Biostimulants on Important Traits ofZinnia elegansJacq. under Open Field Conditions." International Journal of Agronomy 2019 (July 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3082967.

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The efficacy of microbial treatment on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake is very well acknowledged for field crops. However, the use of microbes forZinnia eleganshas rarely been exploited under field trials. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of different microbial bioinoculants on sixteen morphological and nine biochemical traits ofZ.elegans. We used two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus mosseae(G) andAcaulospora laevis(A)) along withTrichoderma viride(T) andPseudomonas florescence(P) as five different treatments under open field conditions, in a randomized complete block design. There were significant differences for all of the traits studied. Treatment 5 (G + A + T + P) was noted as the best treatment for the improvement of morphological characters, whereas Treatment 4 (G + A + P) was most significant for the biochemical trait improvement inZ. elegans. Overall, this study provides useful insight into the bioinoculant treatment that can be applied to improve the yield and flower quality ofZ.elegansunder open field conditions.

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Tiwari, Sudeep, Rakesh Pandey, and Avner Gross. "Identification of Rhizospheric Microorganisms That Manages Root Knot Nematode and Improve Oil Yield in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030570.

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Sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum), a highly valuable medicinal crop, is extremely susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita infestation, leading to severe losses in yield and chemo-pharmaceutical quality. Currently, chemical nematicides are the only effective option for the disease management. However, high toxicity to non-target organisms and adverse impact on soil health motivated the look for ecofriendly alternatives. Here, bioinoculants (Bacillus megatarium (“BM”), B. subtilis (“BS”)) were isolated from the rhizosphere of various medicinal and aromatic plants growing in Lucknow region, India. Their biocontrol effects were studied in O. basilicum plants that were invaded by M. incognita either in single or in consortium with Trichoderma harzianum (“TH”) and their efficiency compared to chemical nematicide (carbofuran) and a microbial reference strain (Pseudomonas fluorescens). The results show that all bioinoculants enhanced the growth and oil yield production and increased the nutrient content of O. basilicum by significantly reducing M. incognita infestation by 46 to 72%. Among the strains, a consortium of BM and TH was the most potent treatment. The efficiency of these bioinoculants was not restricted to sterile soil condition but remained high also in natural soil conditions, indicating that enriching soils with rhizospheric microbes can be an effective alternative to chemical nematicides.

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Jamuna, E., S. Thiruvarassan, and P. Sridhar. "Coinoculaton of endophytic diazotroph with PGPR and AM fungi for enhancing sugarcane production." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES 16, AAEBSSD (July 15, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijps/16.aaebssd/1-6.

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The field experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore during 2010 – 2012, to evaluate the response of sugarcane variety CoC 24 to the application of bioinoculants viz., Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus, AM fungi and Azophos (Azospirillum and phosphobacteria), under different levels of N, P2O5 and K2O inorganic fertilizer in plant and ratoon crop. The results revealed that the application of mycorrhizae, G. diazotrophicus, Azospirillum and phosphobacteria significantly produced higher cane yield in plant crop. The application of Gluconoacetobacter diazotrophicus @10 kg + AM fungi + Azophos @10 kg + 75 % NPK recorded the maximum germination and tiller population and also maximum mean millable cane population of 1.32 lakhs /ha, cane yield (137.45 t/ha) and sugar yield (16.96 t/ha). Similar results were recorded with the ratoon crop. The population of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas are higher compared to that of Glucanoacetobacter diazotrophicus and phosphobacteria. The application of bioinoculants improves soil microbial biomass and their by enhancing soil organic matter content. The applied bacterial sources helps in nitrogen fixation and also in continuous mobilizing and solubilisation of nutrients and their persistence and colonization in soil is an added advantage and also enhances the soil fertility. The usage of these bioinoculants inturn reduces the inorganic fertilizer input and thereby reduces the cost of cultivation.

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Kannan, S. Rajesh, and Dr G. S. Kannan Dr. G. S. Kannan. "Influence of bioinoculants on growth parameters of Jatropha curcas (L.)Influence of bioinoculants on growth parameters of Jatropha curcas (L.)." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/aug2013/3.

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Tapia-Olivares, Victor Rogelio, Eimy Alejandra Vazquez-Bello, Efrén Aguilar-Garnica, and Froylán M. E. Escalante. "Valorization of Lignin as an Immobilizing Agent for Bioinoculant Production using Azospirillum brasilense as a Model Bacteria." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 4613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244613.

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Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been largely considered as beneficial in harsh and limiting environments given their effects on alleviating plant stress. For practical applications, most of the PGPB are prepared in immobilization matrices to improve the stability and benefits of bacteria. Despite the long list of immobilizing agents/carriers tested to date, a long list of desired requirements is yet to be achieved. Here, lignin stands as a scarcely tested immobilizer for bioinoculants with great potential for this purpose. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of lignin as a carrier of the nitrogen-fixing Azospirillum brasilense. These bacteria were cultured in liquid media with recovered organosolv lignin added for bacterial immobilization. Then, lignin was recovered and the immobilized biomass was quantified gravimetrically by DNA extraction and serial dilution plating. Fluorescent microscopy as well as Congo red agar plating showed the immobilization of the bacterial cells in the lignin matrix and crystal violet dyeing showed the biofilms formation in lignin particles. A high number of cells were counted per gram of dried lignin. Lignin can be readily used as low-cost, health-safe bioinoculant carrier to be used in soil and agricultural applications.

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Adeleke, Bartholomew, Ayomide Fadiji, Modupe Ayilara, Ozede Igiehon, Blessing Nwachukwu, and Olubukola Babalola. "Strategies to Enhance the Use of Endophytes as Bioinoculants in Agriculture." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060498.

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The findings on the strategies employed by endophytic microbes have provided salient information to the researchers on the need to maximally explore them as bio-input in agricultural biotechnology. Biotic and abiotic factors are known to influence microbial recruitments from external plant environments into plant tissues. Endophytic microbes exhibit mutualism or antagonism association with host plants. The beneficial types contribute to plant growth and soil health, directly or indirectly. Strategies to enhance the use of endophytic microbes are desirable in modern agriculture, such that these microbes can be applied individually or combined as bioinoculants with bioprospecting in crop breeding systems. Scant information is available on the strategies for shaping the endophytic microbiome; hence, the need to unravel microbial strategies for yield enhancement and pathogen suppressiveness have become imperative. Therefore, this review focuses on the endophytic microbiome, mechanisms, factors influencing endophyte recruitment, and strategies for possible exploration as bioinoculants.

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M, Tilak, R. Vijayan, K. Sivakumar, M. Kirubha, P. Radha, P. S. Devanand, K. Vaiyapuri, and M. Murugesh. "Studies on the Impact of Microbial Consortia towards Enhancing the Growth of Red Sanders." Advances in Research 25, no. 3 (April 30, 2024): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/air/2024/v25i31073.

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The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms, either alone or combined, as bioinoculants presents an economical and eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. This method provides a comprehensive solution for enhancing plant growth and yield. This study aimed to develop robust microbial consortia possessing plant growth-promoting capabilities and evaluate their effectiveness in enhancing tree seedling growth. Six bacterial strains were collected and screened for specific traits linked to promoting plant growth. Selected strains were then assessed for compatibility with each other, resulting in the formation of bacterial consortia. These consortia demonstrated diverse plant growth-promoting properties, including the production of the plant growth hormone indole acetic acid and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides. Consequently, these bacterial consortia exhibit significant potential as bioinoculants, offering a promising approach to enhancing plant growth and productivity in an environmentally friendly manner. This contributes to the progress of efforts aimed at promoting seedling growth.

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Zydlik, Zofia, Piotr Zydlik, and Robert Wieczorek. "The Effects of Bioinoculants Based on Mycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. Fungi in an Apple Tree Nursery under Replantation Conditions." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112355.

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Both mycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. fungi are known for antagonistic effects against certain biological pathogens causing apple replant disease (ARD). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the bioinoculants based on endomycorrhizal and Trichoderma spp. fungi on the biological properties of soil as well as the parameters of the apple tree growths in a fruit tree nursery under replantation conditions. A two-year experiment was conducted on Jonagold apple trees grafted on to M.9 rootstock in western Poland. The trees were planted in the replant soil—from areas used for the production of apple trees, and in the crop rotation soil, that had not been used for nursery purposes before. A mycorrhizal inoculum and preparations containing Trichoderma spp. fungi were applied to the replant soil. Biological properties of the soil and the growth of the aerial and underground parts of the apple trees were assessed. The enzymatic (dehydrogenases and protease) and respiratory activity of the replant soil was significantly lower than that of the crop rotation soil. The apple trees grew worse when exposed to the ARD conditions. The effectiveness of applied bioinoculants in mitigating the effects of replantation in the nursery were shown. Both the treatment mycorrhization and the application of bioinoculants containing Trichoderma spp. increased the respiratory and enzymatic activity of the replant soil. The growth of the root system and the aerial parts of the trees (including leaves) was much better after the combined use of both types of fungi than in the replant soil that had not received the fungal treatment.

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Kumar, Anand, Alpa Yadav, Parmdeep Singh Dhanda, Anil Kumar Delta, Meenakshi Sharma, and Prashant Kaushik. "Salinity Stress and the Influence of Bioinoculants on the Morphological and Biochemical Characteristics of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 7, 2022): 14656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114656.

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Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an economically important crop cultivated globally for fulfilling human requirements. However, the productivity of the faba bean has declined due to poor management of soil, particularly under salt stress. Salt stress is a major constraint to crop productivity worldwide. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to check the behavior of faba bean genotypes on the basis of morphological and biochemical traits in response to salinity. In this study, we studied seven different treatments (including control) applied to faba bean under salt stress. Bioinoculants such as Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas flourescens, Glomus mosseae, and Gigaspora gigantean, each separately and in combination, were tested for their efficacy under salinity stress. Data recorded on days to flowering (48.92 ± 1.15), days to maturity (144.56 ± 1.95), plant height (141.93 ± 4.81 cm), number of branches per plant (4.87 ± 0.09), number of clusters per plant (18.88 ± 0.24), number of pods per plant (48.33 ± 1.06), pod length (5.31 ± 0.02 cm), catalase (222.10 ± 2.76 mg), hydrogen peroxide (24 ± 4.58 mol/g), malondialdehyde (45 ± 1.00 mol/g), electrolyte leakage (54.67 ± 5.03), chlorophyll (51.67 ± 3.06 mg/g), proline content (2.96 ± 0.12 mg/g), and on other parameters indicated the combined inoculation of all the species (consortium) was taken to be highly effective even under salt stress. Overall, the consortium treatment comprising all of the bioinoculants was observed to be the most efficient treatment in improving all the morphological and biochemical traits of faba bean under salt stress. Although, other treatments also demonstrated considerable effects on faba bean as compared to one without bioinoculants under salt stress.

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Akter, Taslima, SM Tanjil Shah, Md Arafat Al Mamun, Md Latiful Bari, Shamima Begum, Naziza Rahman, and Md Ibrahim Miah. "Costeffective formulation of bio-fertilizer using agricultural residues as carriers and determination of shelflife of bio-fertilizer inoculants." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 32, no. 2 (July 20, 2023): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v32i2.67678.

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Traditionally, inorganic chemical-based fertilizers is used for soil management strategies, which can cause public health and environmental threats. Alternatively, bio-fertilizer can be used to increase the productivity and sustainability of soil without causing environmental pollution. The present study aimed to cost-effectively produce bio-fertilizer using agricultural residues and determine the shelflife and efficacy of the bioinoculants. We used sterilized rice husk ash and alluvial soil (1:2) to prepare cost-effective carriers. Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., and Trichoderma sp. were grown in a newly designed culture medium for economic production as bio-inoculants. The efficacy of the formulated bio-fertilizer was tested on a small scale, where it significantly improved the growth of the sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) plant (p<0.01). The formulated bio-fertilizers were stored at room temperature for one year. Initially, the total viable count of microorganisms was 8.0×107 CFU/g in the formulated bio-fertilizer. The total viable count of the bio-inoculants increased significantly after one month (2.2×108 CFU/g) and one year (2.2×109 CFU/g). Rice husk ash might have supported the growth and survival of the bioinoculants under room temperature (25°C) because of its nutrient retention capacity, adsorptive capability, and high content of silica. Therefore, this study suggests that sterile rice husk ash combined with alluvial soil can be used as a carrier for bio-fertilizers formulation with Rhizobium sp., Azotobacter sp., and Trichoderma sp. bioinoculants. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 32(2): 189-199, 2023 (July)

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Cetin, Mehmet, and Funda Atila. "The potential of bioinoculants in enhancing the mushroom productivity." BIO Web of Conferences 85 (2024): 01049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248501049.

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Nowadays, environmentally friendly and sustainable food production is gaining importance day by day. The most important factor in achieving the goal of sustainable food production is limiting the use of chemicals that pose risks to human and environmental health, such as fertilizers and pesticides. One of the methods used to reduce the use of chemicals in agriculture is the use of bioinoculants. Bioinoculants are formulations comprised of microorganisms such as bacteri and fungi. They have potentials to increase the agricultural productivity and to control pests and diseases. Mushrooms are among the sustainable foods that stand out with their high nutritional values and medicinal properties. However, the excessive use of chemicals in the production of some edible mushroom species may make their consume risky, despite rich nutritional and medicinal values of the mushroom. The use of biological agents replacing chemicals can provided a great advantage to the mushroom industry in this regard. Azotobacter, Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas are most important bacteria genera used in mushroom cultivation. Generally, they increase the mycelial growth of mushroom species while exhibiting competition against harmful molds and stimüle the mushroom yield. On the other hand, use of microorganisms instead of additive materials in the mushroom growing media is highly new and interesting issue in the sector of mushroom cultivation. The aim of this study is to provide a view of the possibility of use of bioinoculants in enhancing the mushroom yield through the agency of the growth encouragement, and their potential as biocontrol agents to prevent various diseases in the mushroom cultivation.

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GOMES, ELIANE APARECIDA, UBIRACI GOMES DE PAULA LANA, MARINA ELEUTÉRIO GÓI DE MORAES RODRIGUES, SYLVIA MORAIS DE SOUSA, CHRISTIANE ABREU DE OLIVEIRA, and AMANDA NAYÊ GUIMARÃES TAVARES. "POLYPHASIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Bacillus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM MAIZE." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 19 (November 16, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1190.

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The use of bioinoculants with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is a sustainable agricultural practice that has been expanding worldwide. Thus, it is fundamental to characterize these bacteria molecularly to provide better security and traceability for bioinoculants production. This work aimed to identify, characterize and develop specific molecular markers for Bacillus strains related to plant-growing promotion. Five strains were identified as B. pumillus (B32), B. thuringiensis (B116), B. megaterium (B119) and B. subitilis (B2082 and B2084) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Repetitive element palindromic (Rep-PCR) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) techniques allowed the discrimination of the strains, except B2082 and B2084 that presented identical genetic profiles, indicating that they are same or genetically close isolates. Moreover, specific molecular markers were developed for B116 and B119 strains and may be used for microbial inoculants production quality control, strains traceability and to detail PGPB colonization.

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Saha, Siddhartha, Kaviraj Pradhan, Satyawati Sharma, and B. J. Alappat. "Compost production from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) employing bioinoculants." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 2, no. 6 (2008): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2008.021861.

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Geetha, S. J., and Sanket J. Joshi. "Engineering Rhizobial Bioinoculants: A Strategy to Improve Iron Nutrition." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/315890.

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Under field conditions, inoculated rhizobial strains are at a survival disadvantage as compared to indigenous strains. In order to out-compete native rhizobia it is not only important to develop strong nodulation efficiency but also increase their competence in the soil and rhizosphere. Competitive survival of the inoculated strain may be improved by employing strain selection and by genetic engineering of superior nitrogen fixing strains. Iron sufficiency is an important factor determining the survival and nodulation by rhizobia in soil. Siderophores, a class of ferric specific ligands that are involved in receptor specific iron transport into bacteria, constitute an important part of iron acquisition systems in rhizobia and have been shown to play a role in symbiosis as well as in saprophytic survival. Soils predominantly have iron bound to hydroxamate siderophores, a pool that is largely unavailable to catecholate-utilizing rhizobia. Outer membrane receptors for uptake of ferric hydroxamates include FhuA and FegA which are specific for ferrichrome siderophore. Increase in nodule occupancy and enhanced plant growth of thefegAandfhuAexpressing engineered bioinoculants rhizobial strain have been reported. Engineering rhizobia for developing effective bioinoculants with improved ability to utilize heterologous siderophores could provide them with better iron acquisition ability and consequently, rhizospheric stability.

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Chaudhary, Twinkle, and Pratyoosh Shukla. "Bioinoculants for Bioremediation Applications and Disease Resistance: Innovative Perspectives." Indian Journal of Microbiology 59, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12088-019-00783-4.

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Kashyap, S., and S. Sharma. "Role of bioinoculants and auxin in development of salt tolerant Mentha arvensis." Horticultural Science 32, No. 1 (November 23, 2011): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3763-hortsci.

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Pot experiments were conducted for the development of salt tolerant Mentha arvensis (Japanese mint, family: Labiatae) saplings involving bioinoculants, namely Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Azotobacter and an auxin – Indole Acetic Acid (IAA). The IAA and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations were standardized prior to the experiments. The 10-ppm IAA and 0.08% NaCl (w/v) were found to be optimum in combination with AM fungi and Azotobacter to increase all the growth parameters and microbial count in the rhizosphere. For development of salt tolerant saplings, the optimal concentration of IAA, along with AM fungi and Azotobacter in different combinations, was applied in pots. The saplings were irrigated regularly with 0.08% NaCl water. Although plant growth, AM infection percentage, AM spores/100 g soil and Azotobacter cells/g soil were affected by NaCl watering, the inoculation of both bioinoculants significantly enhanced survival percentage of saplings from 10 to 40% under salt stress. Maximum survival (40%) of saplings was found with IAA (10 ppm) + AM fungi + Azotobacter treatment.    

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Thamizh Vendan, R., and M. Thangaraju. "Standardization of dosage of liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum for different application methods." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.55.2007.4.7.

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Azospirillum bioinoculant is well known for its high nitrogen-fixing and plant growth-promoting characters. Carrier-based bioinoculants generally suffer from shorter shelf-life, poor quality, high contamination and low field performance. As an alternative, the liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum inoculants can play a significant role. Liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum were developed by adding amendments to the NFb broth and to MSM medium, respectively, which have longer shelf-life and tolerance to adverse conditions such as temperature and desiccation. The dosage of liquid and cyst-based formulations of Azospirillum for various inoculation methods such as seed treatment, seedling root dipping and soil application was standardized and their survival was studied. Inoculum levels of 10 ml/kg seeds, 150 ml/quantity of seedlings required for 1 ha and 300 ml/ha were found to be the optimum doses for seed treatment, seedling root dipping and soil application methods, respectively. The liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum have exhibited better adherence and survival on seeds, seedling roots and in the rhizosphere than the carrier-based form. These results indicated that there is substantial room to improve the liquid and cyst formulations of Azospirillum inoculant to obtain the desired benefits.

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Ondieki, Damaris K., Evans N. Nyaboga, John M. Wagacha, and Francis B. Mwaura. "Morphological and Genetic Diversity of Rhizobia Nodulating Cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) from Agricultural Soils of Lower Eastern Kenya." International Journal of Microbiology 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8684921.

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Limited nitrogen (N) content in the soil is a major challenge to sustainable and high crop production in many developing countries. The nitrogen fixing symbiosis of legumes with rhizobia plays an important role in supplying sufficient N for legumes and subsequent nonleguminous crops. To identify rhizobia strains which are suitable for bioinoculant production, characterization of rhizobia is a prerequisite. The objective of this study was to assess the morphological and genetic diversity of rhizobia that nodulates cowpea in agricultural soils of lower eastern Kenya. Twenty-eight rhizobia isolates were recovered from soil samples collected from farmers’ fields in Machakos, Makueni, and Kitui counties in lower eastern Kenya and characterized based on morphological characteristics. Thirteen representative isolates were selected and characterized using BOX repetitive element PCR fingerprinting. Based on the dendrogram generated from morphological characteristics, the test isolates were distributed into two major clusters at a similarity of 75%. Phylogenetic tree, based on BOX repetitive element PCR, grouped the isolates into two clusters at 90% similarity level. The clustering of the isolates did not show a relationship to the origin of soil samples, although the isolates were genetically diverse. This study is a prerequisite to the selection of suitable cowpea rhizobia to develop bioinoculants for sustainable crop production in Kenya.

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Kalavalapalli, Veda Sai, Meghana Kolati, Aishwarya Bandaru, and Prasuna R. Gyana. "Bioinoculants for growth enhancement of aromatic plants: Artemisia pallens and Origanum majorana." Research Journal of Biotechnology 19, no. 4 (February 29, 2024): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1904rjbt1000106.

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The use of fertilizers is a common practice to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. Chemical fertilizers have played a significant role in increasing crop yields, but their widespread use has led to environmental degradation and soil depletion. The continuing challenges in agro-ecosystem and environment require more sustainable solutions than chemical fertilizers. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of biofertilizers as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers are natural substances that improve soil fertility, modify soil microbiota and enhance plant growth. Cyanobacteria are one of the well-known bio inoculants for paddy crops. However, the use of cyanobacteria for other plants has not been very well documented. We screened certain cyanobacteria isolated from different natural environments as biofertilizers for certain aromatic plants. Artemisia pallens and Origanum majorana are two plants with aromatic compound productions. The aim of this study was to screen for enhancement in the growth and propagation of the plants for their yield using bio inoculants. Further air-dried, powdered plant materials of the aerial parts of A pallens and O. majorana were extracted using solvents ranging in polarity from non-polar (n-hexane), semi-polar (chloroform) and polar (acetone, methanol). These extracts were tested for antioxidant activity, several plant extracts showed antioxidant activity, with water exhibiting the greatest levels. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of bioinoculants on the growth of the test plant. Our observation showed that all the tested cyanobacterial strains i.e. KM1, KM2 and VM1, VM2, the bioinoculants, enhanced plant growth to various levels. KM1 and KM2 exhibited a greater ability to increase plant growth. This demonstrates that Artemisia's and Origanum’s growth and herbage output may be successfully enhanced by the use of cyanobacterial bioinoculants.

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Marimuthu, S., and P. Subbian. "Integrated nutrient management on weed dynamics of cotton based cropping systems in South India." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 11, no. 1 (March 19, 2014): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18371.

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Field experiments were conducted at the farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India during 2007 and 2008 to assess the weed population, dry matter production, weed smothering efficiency and yield of seed cotton in a cotton based cropping system with conjunctive use of NPK and bioinoculants. Cotton intercropped with Sesbania along with application of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas recorded the lowest weed population and weed dry matter production. The maximum weed suppression of 54.5 and 44% was observed in cotton + Sesbania system as compared to pure crop of cotton during both the years. The maximum cotton equivalent yield of 2052 and 1895 kg ha-1 was recorded in cotton + onion system which was at par with cotton + Sesbania system with cotton equivalent yield of 2010 and 1894 kg ha-1 during 2007 and 2008, respectively. Combined application of 100 % recommended dose of NPK and bioinoculants recorded maximum cotton equivalent yield of 2460 and 2190 kg ha-1 during 2007 and 2008, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18371 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 7-22 (2013)

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Rojas-Sánchez, Blanca, Paulina Guzmán-Guzmán, Luzmaria R. Morales-Cedeño, Ma del Carmen Orozco-Mosqueda, Blanca C. Saucedo-Martínez, Juan M. Sánchez-Yáñez, Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji, Olubukola Oluranti Babalola, Bernard R. Glick, and Gustavo Santoyo. "Bioencapsulation of Microbial Inoculants: Mechanisms, Formulation Types and Application Techniques." Applied Biosciences 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 198–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applbiosci1020013.

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The excessive use of agrochemicals in the field to increase production and counteract the negative effects caused by biotic and abiotic factors has led to a deterioration in soil fertility, plus an increment in negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, the application of beneficial microorganisms as bioinoculants is an eco-friendly alternative to agrochemicals. Plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi have been effective in promoting plant growth and production, as well as reducing the action of pathogens in multiple crops. However, successful application of such beneficial microorganisms in the agricultural field has faced several difficulties, such as survival, colonization efficiency and short periods of shelf storage. Therefore, it is essential to explore novel ways to encapsulate, formulate and apply bioinoculants. To obtain the expected quality in bioencapsulated products, it is essential to determine the type of polymer, capsule size, encapsulation technique and use the correct chemical and physical cofactors involved in the production process. Thus, this review highlights the various formulation types and application techniques, as well as discussing the multiple advantages of using microbial encapsulates to have better results in agricultural production.

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Martínez-Hidalgo, Pilar, Maskit Maymon, Flora Pule-Meulenberg, and Ann M. Hirsch. "Engineering root microbiomes for healthier crops and soils using beneficial, environmentally safe bacteria." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 65, no. 2 (February 2019): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2018-0315.

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The Green Revolution developed new crop varieties, which greatly improved food security worldwide. However, the growth of these plants relied heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which have led to an overuse of synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides with serious environmental consequences and negative effects on human health. Environmentally friendly plant-growth-promoting methods to replace our current reliance on synthetic chemicals and to develop more sustainable agricultural practices to offset the damage caused by many agrochemicals are proposed herein. The increased use of bioinoculants, which consist of microorganisms that establish synergies with target crops and influence production and yield by enhancing plant growth, controlling disease, and providing critical mineral nutrients, is a potential solution. The microorganisms found in bioinoculants are often bacteria or fungi that reside within either external or internal plant microbiomes. However, before they can be used routinely in agriculture, these microbes must be confirmed as nonpathogenic strains that promote plant growth and survival. In this article, besides describing approaches for discovering plant-growth-promoting bacteria in various environments, including phytomicrobiomes and soils, we also discuss methods to evaluate their safety for the environment and for human health.

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Pacheco-Trejo, Jaime, Eliazar Aquino-Torres, Ma Isabel Reyes-Santamaría, Margarita Islas-Pelcastre, Sergio Rubén Pérez-Ríos, Alfredo Madariaga-Navarrete, and Mariana Saucedo-García. "Plant Defensive Responses Triggered by Trichoderma spp. as Tools to Face Stressful Conditions." Horticulturae 8, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121181.

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The current agriculture is facing various challenges to produce enough food to satisfy the need of the human population consumption without having a negative impact on the environment, human health and ecosystems. The exploitation of bioinoculants has been a crucial alternative for green agriculture. Bioinoculants have two great benefits: to promote plant growth by making essential nutrients available to crops and, to increase the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by inducing a long-lasting defense. Certain members of genus Trichoderma have been recognized as biocontrol agents, biofertilizers and stress alleviators for the plants. The use of Trichoderma spp. has also been extended to protect and stimulate growth of horticultural crops. Elucidating the plant signaling events triggered by Trichoderma is of high importance in order to understand the molecular basis involving plant protection against stresses. In this review, the signaling elements of the plants from Trichoderma perception through late defensive responses is discussed. Enhanced understanding how Trichoderma spp. activate defense will lead to improvement in the use of species of this genus to increase crop production with the consequent benefits for human health and care for the environment.

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Omomowo, Olawale Israel, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "Bioassessment of Phylogenetic Relatedness and Plant Growth Enhancement of Endophytic Bacterial Isolates from Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Plant Tissues." Horticulturae 9, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030332.

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Cowpea is of great importance to people in most tropical countries of the world. It is the preeminent indigenous African legume and a frontline option for meeting the nutritional protein demands of people and livestock. The use of an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers and agro-pesticides has, in recent times, become an attractive research theme. Therefore, bioprospecting for effective endophytic bacteria isolates as potential bioinoculants for enhancing cowpea productivity makes this research a priority. In this study, cowpea tissues were used to isolate and characterize endophytic bacterial strains through morpho-genotypic techniques and then assessed for their in vitro growth promotion, as well as their in planta growth potential in chamber experiments. In all, 33 endophytic bacterial strains were authenticated by sequencing the 16S rRNA and through further bioinformatics analysis. Also, plant-growth promoting (PGP) genes and seed germination percentage improvements were confirmed in the endophytic bacteria isolates. The research findings highlight that the bacterial strains are molecularly diverse and some of the authenticated endophytic bacteria isolates are potential bioinoculants that can be applied in further studies to improve the agronomic productivity of cowpea plant.

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Lemes, Camila G. C., Isabella F. Cordeiro, Camila H. de Paula, Ana K. Silva, Flávio F. do Carmo, Luciana H. Y. Kamino, Flávia M. S. Carvalho, Juan C. Caicedo, Jesus A. Ferro, and Leandro M. Moreira. "Potential Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture Prospected from Ferruginous Caves of the Iron Quadrangle/Brazil." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169354.

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Biocontrol and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are important agricultural bioinoculants. This study aimed to prospect new potential bioinoculants for a more sustainable agriculture from ferruginous caves of the Brazilian Iron Quadrangle. Culturable bacteria, from seven caves and one canga soil sample, were evaluated for biocontroller activity of the phytopathogens Xanthomonas citri subsp. Citri—Xcc306 (citrus canker), Fusarium oxysporum—Fo (fusariosis), and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum—Cl89 (bean anthracnose). The ability of the superior candidates to solubilize inorganic phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce hydrolytic enzymes and siderophores was then analyzed. Out of 563 isolates, 47 inhibited the growth of Xcc306 in vitro, of which 9 reduced citrus canker up to 68% when co-inoculated with the pathogen on host plants. Twenty of the 47 inhibited Fo growth directly by 51–73%, and 15 indirectly by 75–81%. These 15 inhibited Cl89 growth in vitro (up to 93% directly and 100% indirectly), fixed nitrogen, produced proteases and siderophores, showed motility ability, produced biofilm, and all but one solubilized inorganic phosphate. Therefore, 15 (2.66%) bacterial isolates, from the genera Serratia, Nissabacter, and Dickeya, act simultaneously as biocontrollers and PGPBs, and could be important candidates for future investigations in planta as an alternative to minimize the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers through sustainable agricultural management practices.

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Raturi, Purnita, Ratna Rai, A. K. Sharma, A. K. Singh, D. C. Dimri, and Gurdeep Bains. "Effects of Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Morpho-Physiological Parameters of Strawberry cv. Chandler under Different Moisture Levels." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 9 (August 3, 2023): 2707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i92502.

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Drought stress is one of the challenges that can affect the growth and quality of strawberries. The present study aims to determine the effect of PGPR and AMF on the growth of the strawberry cultivar Chandler under different moisture levels. This study was conducted under polyhouse at the Horticulture Research Center, GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, during 2021-2022 and 2022-23. The experiment was arranged in a factorial CRD design (FCRD) with three replications. The experiment included moisture levels (100% field capacity (FC), 75% FC and 50% FC) and bioinoculants: control (without PGPR or AMF), PGPR, AMF and combination of PGPR+AMF. The results showed that water stress significantly reduced all the growth and biochemical characteristics of leaves. Plants treated with PGPR and AMF either alone or in combination showed higher survival rate of plants as compared to control. The numbers of leaves, petiole length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids were found to increase in all the treatments where bioinoculants were incorporated in the potting media. The increase in chlorophyll content suggests improved photosynthetic efficiency which eventually enhanced stress tolerance of the plants. The use of PGPR and AMF provides a ray of hope for sustainable agricultural cultivation of strawberry particularly in regions affected by water scarcity.

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Douressamy, S., V. Ravichandran, and J. Jayakumar. "Field efficacy of insecticides and bioinoculants against white grub in sugarcane." Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 26, no. 2 (2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-0163.2018.00065.4.

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Chakraborty, B. N., and U. Chakraborty. "Molecular detection of fungal pathogens and induction of phytoimmunity using bioinoculants." Indian Phytopathology 74, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42360-021-00351-1.

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Yatsenko, V. V. "Formation of vegetable soybean productivity using bioinoculants and a mycorrhizal product." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 125 (2022): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32851/2226-0099.2022.125.16.

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Gupta, Rashi, David Bru, Virendra Swarup Bisaria, Laurent Philippot, and Shilpi Sharma. "Responses of Cajanus cajan and rhizospheric N-cycling communities to bioinoculants." Plant and Soil 358, no. 1-2 (June 29, 2012): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1293-5.

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Olimi, Expedito, Samuel Bickel, Wisnu Adi Wicaksono, Peter Kusstatscher, Danny Coyne, Bettina Weber, Tomislav Cernava, and Gabriele Berg. "Bioinoculants and organic soil amendments affect nematode diversity in apple orchards." Applied Soil Ecology 190 (October 2023): 105004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105004.

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Kusale, Supriya P., Yasmin C. Attar, R. Z. Sayyed, Roslinda A. Malek, Noshin Ilyas, Ni Luh Suriani, Naeem Khan, and Hesham A. El Enshasy. "Production of Plant Beneficial and Antioxidants Metabolites by Klebsiellavariicola under Salinity Stress." Molecules 26, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26071894.

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Bacteria that surround plant roots and exert beneficial effects on plant growth are known as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In addition to the plant growth-promotion, PGPR also imparts resistance against salinity and oxidative stress and needs to be studied. Such PGPR can function as dynamic bioinoculants under salinity conditions. The present study reports the isolation of phytase positive multifarious Klebsiella variicola SURYA6 isolated from wheat rhizosphere in Kolhapur, India. The isolate produced various plant growth-promoting (PGP), salinity ameliorating, and antioxidant traits. It produced organic acid, yielded a higher phosphorous solubilization index (9.3), maximum phytase activity (376.67 ± 2.77 U/mL), and copious amounts of siderophore (79.0%). The isolate also produced salt ameliorating traits such as indole acetic acid (78.45 ± 1.9 µg/mL), 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (0.991 M/mg/h), and exopolysaccharides (32.2 ± 1.2 g/L). In addition to these, the isolate also produced higher activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (13.86 IU/mg protein), catalase (0.053 IU/mg protein), and glutathione oxidase (22.12 µg/mg protein) at various salt levels. The isolate exhibited optimum growth and maximum secretion of these metabolites during the log-phase growth. It exhibited sensitivity to a wide range of antibiotics and did not produce hemolysis on blood agar, indicative of its non-pathogenic nature. The potential of K. variicola to produce copious amounts of various PGP, salt ameliorating, and antioxidant metabolites make it a potential bioinoculant for salinity stress management.

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Roslan, Muhamad Aidilfitri Mohamad, Izzalan Sohedein, Puan Sheau Ling, Zulfazli M. Sobri, Ali Tan Kee Zuan, Sim Choon Cheak, and Nor Aini Abdul Rahman. "Sustainable Agronomic Valorization of Unsulfured Molasses and Defatted Soybean Meal as an Optimized Formulation of Bio-Organic Fertilizer Enriched with High Cell Density P-Solubilizing Bacteria." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050996.

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The application of plant beneficial bioinoculants such as phosphate solubilizing bacteria is a sustainable approach to expanding crop performance in agriculture. However, bioinoculant strains, particularly non-sporulating bacteria are often exposed to detrimental conditions throughout the production process and a long period of storage. This will negatively influence their viable cell density and eventually limit its efficacy in the field. To overcome such a scenario, an optimal formulation of biofertilizer should be prioritized. In this report, a sustainable valorization of molasses and defatted soybean meal as formulation of biofertilizer enriched with Enterobacter hormaechei 40a was proposed. Through the two-level factorial design and central composite design, the optimal formulation and fermentation conditions of bio-organic fertilizer to achieve maximum cell density of strain 40a were achieved. The highest cell density of strain 40a in the optimized molasses-DSM (OMD) medium was 12.56 log CFU/mL after 24 h which was 99.7% accuracy towards the predicted value. Interestingly, the solubilized P was increased by 62.4% in the OMD medium (174.07 µg/mL P) as compared to the standard P medium (65.38 µg/mL P). The shelf life of strain 40a after 180 days of storage was improved significantly around 10 log CFU/mL, when the OMD medium was amended with 0.1% sodium alginate. The strategy described here offers opportunities for agronomic formulation and large-scale bio-organic fertilizer production in the agriculture industry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioinoculants'

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