Dissertations / Theses: 'Bioindicator'

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Mutwakil, Mohammed Zainy. "The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a bioindicator of environmental stress." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285556.

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Schoeman, Dewald. "Potamonautes spp. As a bioindicator for oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6125.

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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Medical BioSciences)
Environmental pollutants, such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), are a health concern as they can adversely affect animal health by interfering with the normal function of hormones. Oestrogenic EDCs can cause adverse developmental and reproductive effects by mimicking or inhibiting endogenous oestrogens. However, these effects are difficult to detect as they often only manifest long after the initial exposure. Vitellogenin (VTG) is the precursor to the major yolk protein vitellin (Vn) and is produced by egg laying females in response to oestrogens. The VTG gene is also present in males, but silent. Thus, the presence of VTG and Vn in animals, as well as the synthesis thereof in response to oestrogens, can serve a dual purpose in biomonitoring experiments. These proteins can be monitored over a period of time to establish the reproductive cycle of an organism and can also serve as a biomarker for oestrogenic pollutants.

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Bell-McCaulou, Teresa Margaret 1954. "Corbicula fluminea as a bioindicator on the lower Colorado River." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278381.

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I determined that Corbicula fluminea can be used as a bioindicator on the lower Colorado River. I analyzed tissue samples for trace element concentrations. Selenium and arsenic were elevated above U.S. background levels at 89% and 83% (respectively), of the sites. Selenium concentrations were significantly higher in backwaters than at river sites. Selenium in clams predicts the contamination state of a site 78% of the time. There is a strong correlation between selenium concentrations in clams and selenium concentrations in vascular aquatic plants (r²) and carnivorous birds (r²). The white morph of C. fluminea is more prevalent at northern and backwater sites than the purple morph. Selenium levels in clams at several sites exceeded levels that have been shown to result in teratogenicity for birds in laboratory studies. Birds that eat clams in the study area could have increased risk of lowered reproductive success.

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Veríssimo, Bruno Antonio. "Avaliação do potencial de Syrphidae e Asilidae como agentes de controle biológico das cigarrinhas das pastagens." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6782.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi registrar as principais espécies predadoras das famílias Syrphidae e Asilidae, e avaliar se as mudanças de ambiente provocadas pela conversão de um sistema de monocultura de B. decumbens para um silvipastoril pode alterar a diversidade, abundância e constância desses predadores. Além disso, estudou os aspectos biológicos e comportamentais envolvidos na criação de S. nigra, de modo a se obter maiores informações para uma produção eficaz e viável do predador, para uma futura utilização em programas de manejo integrado de cigarrinhas das pastagens. Para a primeira parte da pesquisa, os insetos foram coletados por meio de armadilha Malaise, a quais foram instaladas em monocultura de B. decumbens e em sistema silvipastoril. A abundância de sirfídeos e asilídeos foi determinada com base no número de morfoespécie. Os índices de diversidade e constância foram calculados utilizando as metodologias de Shannon-Wiener e Bodenheimer, respectivamente. Para a segunda parte desta pesquisa, foram avaliados a fertilidade das fêmeas, viabilidade dos ovos, duração e viabilidade do período larval e pupal. Os aspectos comportamentais foram observados por meio da resposta olfativa de fêmeas acasaladas, em olfatômetro do tipo Y. Constatou-se as espécies de sirfídeos e asilídeos candidatas a serem investigadas quanto ao seu potencial de agente de controle biológico das pragas de pastagem. Além disso, pode-se afirmar que as alterações ambientais provocadas pela conversão de um sistema de monocultivo de B. decumbens para o silvipastoril alterou os índices ecologicos avaliados para a família Syrphidae, a qual pode ser usada como bioindicadora. Ademais, os adultos, ovos e pupas de S. nigra são possíveis de se manter em laboratório; no entanto a viabilidade larval foi baixa, desta forma é necessário novos estudos para diminuir essa baixa viabilidade. Observou-se preferência significativa do predador S. nigra pelos odores provenientes das ninfas em contraste com o ar limpo. Mostrando que as fêmeas de S. nigra são atraídas pelas ninfas da cigarrinha das pastagens .
The main predatory species of families Syrphidae and Asilidae were registered and the environmental changes caused by the conversion of a monoculture system of B. decumbens into a silvipastoral one were analyzed to verify whether they would alter the predators´ diversity, abundance and constancy. Further, the biological and behavioral aspects involved in the breeding of S. nigra were investigated to obtain in-depth information for effective and viable predator production for future use in spittlebug integrated management programs. Initially, insects were collected by malaise traps installed in a B. decumbens monoculture system and in a silvipastoral system. Syphidae and Asilidae abundance was determined by calculating the number of morphospecies, whilst diversity and constancy indexes were calculated by Shannon-Wiener and Bodenheimer methodologies, respectively. The second section comprised the assessment of females´ fertility, egg viability, duration and viability of the larva and pupa stages. Behavioral aspects were observed by olfactory response of mated females with a Y-type olfactometer. It was revealed Syphidiae and Asilidae species with capacity to biological control agents of pasture pests. Results revealed that environmental changes caused by the conversion of B. decumbens monoculture system into silvipastoral system altered the ecological indexes evaluated for the family Syrphidae, which may be used as a bioindicator. Although adults, eggs and pupae of S. nigra may be kept in the laboratory, however larval viability was low, in this way new studies are necessary to reduce this low viability

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Andrade, Hélio Pinheiro de. "ANÁLISE CIENCIOMÉTRICA GLOBAL EM BIOINDICADORES: UM PANORAMA DAS TENDÊNCIAS ENTRE OS ANOS 1998 A 2007." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3127.

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Global analysis scientometric in bioindicators: a scene of the trends between 1998 the 2007 years. The aim of this work was evaluate the state of art of the types of bioindicators used in the planet throughout the decade the 2007 enter 1998 relating the physical spaces where these bioindicators had been used, that is, if place, regional or global, through a analysis scientometric. For this a bibliographical survey in the space of Thomson ISI was carried through, available enters 1998 the 2007, used the word-key bioindicator, biological indicator or organisms bioindicators . Exponential growth in the works with bioindicadores throughout the decade was evidenced, where most developed in U.S.A., Europe and one has detached among cited Brazil. In this decade 88 countries had carried through works with biological pointers. One noticed that throughout the years, place and regional the work in levels had increased exponentially and of conditions the global one had a decrease. The bioindicators used more in the planet had been vegetables, arthropods, fish, mammals and clams, corresponding 68% of the total of all bioindicators identified. This work more brings useful information to the types of bioindicators used its characteristics and physical spaces susceptible to be used, in relation the trends throughout the decade. Considers a bigger investment of research with the subject in the emergent and underdeveloped countries, bringing global and real information on current situation of the ecological systems of the planet.
Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o estado da arte dos estudos sobre os bioindicadores mais utilizados no planeta ao longo da década entre 1998 à 2007 relacionando os espaços físicos onde esses bioindicadores foram utilizados, ou seja, se local, regional ou global, através de uma análise cienciométrica. Para isso foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico usando a base de dados bibliográficas do Thomson ISI , disponível entre 1998 a 2007, utilizado as palavras-chave bioindicator, biological indicator or organism bioindicator . Constatou-se crescimento nos trabalhos com bioindicadores ao longo da década, no qual a maior parte dos trabalhos foi desenvolvida por autores de origem dos EUA e Europa. Nessa década 88 países realizaram trabalhos com indicadores biológicos. Notou-se que ao longo dos anos, os trabalhos em escala local e regional aumentaram consideravelmente e os de escala global apresentou decréscimo. Os bioindicadores mais utilizados foram vegetais, artrópodes, peixes, mamíferos e moluscos, correspondendo a 68% do total de todos bioindicadores identificados no presente estudo. Esse trabalho traz informações úteis aos tipos de bioindicadores mais utilizados suas características e espaços físicos suscetíveis a serem utilizados, em relação as tendências ao longo da década. Propõem também um maior investimento de pesquisas com o tema nos países emergentes e em desenvolvimento, trazendo informações globais e reais sobre atual situação dos sistemas ecológicos do planeta.

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Noggle, Jessica Joy. "Eastern mosquitofish as a bioindicator of pulp and paper mill effluents." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009720.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 277 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Garbulis, Erikas. "Švenčionių rajono ežerų būklės vertinimas taikant bioindikacinius metodus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090810_104708-87549.

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Baigiamojo darbo tema „Švenčionių rajono ežerų būklės vertinimas taikant bioindikacinius metodus“. Darbo struktūrą lėmė siekis nagrinėti bioindikacinius gėlojo vandens telkinių vertinimo metodus, kuriuos galima taikyti vertinant ežerus, jų trofinį statusą, prognozuoti ežerų tolimesnį likimą. Dėl to literatūros ir kitų informacijos šaltinių analizėje išskiriamos aštuonios pagrindinės dalys. Jose plačiai aptariamas bioindikacinis vandens telkinių vertinimas, galimybės. Kalbama apie ežerų struktūrą, suskirstymą, ežerų augaliją ir jos panaudojimą bioindikacijoje. Atrenkant bioindikacinius vertinimo metodus, atsižvelgta į jų populiarumą, naujumą ir praktiškumą, todėl aprašyti ir šiuo metu dar mažai žinomi bioindikaciniai vertinimo metodai.
The topic “Evaluation of Švenčionys district lakes state applying bioindicational methods” was not chosen occasionally. The structure of the work was determined by the aim to analyze bioindicator-based methods of water body assessment that may be applied when assessing lakes, their trophic state, and forecasting their further destiny. Therefore analysis of references and other sources of information are divided into eight sections intended to comprehensively discuss bioindicator-based assessment of water bodies, and its possibilities. Structure, distribution, and flora of lakes, as well as its use in bioindication are overviewed.

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Marwood, Christopher A. "Chlorophyll fluorescence as a mechanistic bioindicator of photosynthetic inhibition in aquatic plants." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/NQ43266.pdf.

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Stein, Carlos Eduardo. "Estudo do papel da Spartina alterniflora como espécie bioindicadora de contaminação por elementos traço no Complexo-Estuarino Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (SP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21133/tde-19042012-151104/.

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O Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (CELCI) é um importante sistema que apresenta diferenças na estrutura hídrica entre o setor sul, Cananéia e o setor norte, onde se encontra a cidade de Iguape que possui o canal artificial do Valo Grande pelo qual desvia grande afluxo de água doce do rio Ribeira de Iguape para o Mar Pequeno. Ao longo do Ribeira de Iguape se desenvolveu a agricultura com culturas de arroz, café e banana e a atividade mineradora, principalmente de ouro, zinco e chumbo. O desvio do canal gerou grande aporte de água doce no sistema, alterando as características físico-químicas e tróficas, escoando junto, resíduos das atividades produtoras. Nos estudos de impactos dessa região é comum a utilização de matrizes como sedimento e água para verificar a saúde do sistema estuarino, assim o objetivo do trabalho é estudar a Spartina alterniflora como espécie bioindicadora de contaminação por elementos traço e metais pesados no setor sul e norte do CELCI. A gramínea se desenvolveu fisiologicamente bem nos dois setores e apresentou diferenças na concentração dos elementos K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd e Hg entre as partes vegetais subterrânea (raiz e rizóides) e aérea (folha e caule) e entre os setores norte e sul. O macro-elemento K concentrou principalmente na parte aérea, o Ca e os elementos traço Fe e Zn se concentram na área radicular. Os metais pesados Cr, Pb, Cd e Hg super concentraram na região radicular da gramínea mostrando essa estrutura como importante e complexa área vegetal de estudo devido sua estrutura em forma de cabeleira e está em contato direto com o sedimento. Os metais pesados encontrados principalmente na área radicular tiveram concentrações maiores no setor norte do CELCI, na cidade de Iguape, que historicamente sofreu com a abertura do canal artificial e as atividades produtoras. A Spartina se mostrou como potencial espécie vegetal bioindicadora de contaminação por elementos traço por ser uma planta halófita, perene, fixa em contato direto com sedimento e a água do corpo hídrico estuarino refletindo assim, as alterações ambientais principalmente na área radicular da planta.
The Cananéia-Iguape estuarine-lagoon complex (CELCI) is an important system that presents different water structures between north (Iguape) and south (Cananéia) sector. In the north sector is Iguape city wich has the Valo Grande artificial channel where diverts large influx of freshwater from the Ribeira de Iguape river to Mar Pequeno. Along the Ribeira de Iguape culture of rice, coffee and banana and mining activity, particularly of gold, zinc and lead developed. The diversion channel has generated large amount of freshwater in the system, altering the physico-chemical and trophic characteristics, flowing together waste-producing activities. In studies of impacts in this region is common the use arrays as sediment and water to check the health of the estuarine system, so the aim of this work is to study the vegetal Spartina alterniflora a bioindicator of trace elements and heavy metals in the North and South sector of CELCI. The smooth cordgrass physiologically well is developed in these two sectors presented differences in the element concentrations of K, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg between the plant parts, found in aboveground (leaves and stem) and belowground (roots) as well between the North and South sectors. The macro-element Ca were concentrated in the aboveground area, the Ca and the trace elements Fe and Zn were concentrated in the belowground parts. The heavy metals Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg were super concentrated in the belowground parts showing the structures as an important plant areas of study because roots structure are in form of hair and in direct contact with sediment. The heavy metals found mainly in the belowground area had higher concentrations in the northern sector, Iguape city, which historically has suffered with the opening of the artificial canal and productive activities. The smooth cordgrass showed to be a potential vegetable bioindicators of trace elements contamination because it is halophyte, perennial, fixed in contact direct with sediment and body water of the estuarine, thus reflecting the environmental changes especially in the plant roots area.

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Oliveira, Renata Cabrera de 1984. "Avaliação do potencial do pólen apícola como bioindicador de contaminação ambiental por agrotóxicos." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249441.

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Orientadores: Susanne Rath, Sonia Claudia do Nascimento de Queiroz
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: O uso frequente e indiscriminado de agrotóxicos na agricultura tem acarretado a presença de resíduos nos alimentos e contaminação ambiental, principalmente em países com grande potencial agrícola, como o Brasil. Para avaliar a presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos no ambiente, as abelhas e os produtos apícolas têm sido apontados como potenciais bioindicadores, podendo ser utilizados para monitorar grandes áreas devido às longas distâncias percorridas. Assim sendo, o potencial do uso do pólen apícola como bioindicador da contaminação ambiental por agrotóxicos foi avaliado neste trabalho. Para isso, foi necessário desenvolver e validar um método analítico para determinação de multirresíduos em pólen apícola, utilizando cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas sequencial (GC-MS/MS). Para definição das condições ótimas de extração, dois processos foram avaliados: o QuEChERS, e o de partição com acetonitrila. O QuEChERS mostrou ser mais eficiente (melhor seletividade e eficiência de extração) e foi validado para a determinação de 27 agrotóxicos. Estudos de sorção mostraram que os agrotóxicos são fortemente sorvidos no pólen. Nas amostras provenientes do apiário experimental na Embrapa em Jaguariúna/SP não foram encontrados níveis quantificáveis dos agrotóxicos pesquisados, enquanto a presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos nas amostras fornecidas por apicultores de Ribeirão Preto/SP foi confirmada e quantificada. Os métodos desenvolvidos e validados mostraram ser eficientes e podem ser utilizados no monitoramento ambiental quanto à presença de resíduos de agrotóxicos. Os resultados confirmam o potencial do pólen apícola como bioindicador de contaminação ambiental por agrotóxicos
Abstract: The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture crop has led to the presence of residues in food and environmental contamination, especially in countries with great agricultural potential, such as Brazil. To assess the presence of pesticide residues in the environment, honeybees and bee products have been mentioned as potential bioindicators, which can be used to monitor large areas due to long distances travelled. Therefore, the potential use of bee pollen as a bioindicator of environmental pesticides contamination has been reported in this work. For this it was necessary to develop and validate an analytical method for the determination of multiresidues in pollen, using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). For the definition of optimum extraction conditions, two procedures were evaluated: QuEChERS, and partition with acetonitrile. The QuEChERS proved to be more efficient (improved selectivity and extraction efficiency), and was validated for the determination of 27 pesticides. Sorption studies showed that pesticides are strongly sorbed in pollen. Unquantifiable levels of pesticides surveyed were found in the samples from experimental apiary at Embrapa in Jaguariúna/SP, while the presence of pesticide residues in samples provided by apiarists from Ribeirão Preto/SP was confirmed and quantified. The validated analytical methods proved to be efficient and can be used in environmental monitoring for the presence of pesticide residues. The results confirm the potential of bee pollen as a bioindicator of environmental pesticides contamination
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutora em Ciências

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Proud, Sarah Victoria. "Tributyltin pollution and the bioindicator Nucella lapillus : population recovery and community level responses." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260333.

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The detrimental effects of tributyltin (TBT) have been recorded on many marine organisms. As a result the UK Government imposed a partial ban on the use of organotin antifouling paints on boats less than 25 m in length, in 1987. In 1988 the Isle of Man Government followed suit introducing a licensing procedure restricting all uses of organotins. At concentrations less than 0.5 ng Sn/I female Nucella lap/Nus develop imposex - the superimposition of male sexual characteristics. To date there have been few studies measuring the recovery of Nucella populations after the introduction of restrictions. This study produces evidence of the extent of recovery in Nucella populations from sites in the south-west of England and on the Isle of Man. The recovery observed was measured by decreasing values of relative penis size, vas deferens sequence and the percentage of sterile adult females in the population. Following the 1987 ban the recovery of Nucella populations in the south-west has shown a linear response allowing predictions to be made for the time scale of complete recovery. In addition concentrations of TBT in the water and tissues of selected indicator organisms also showed decreases. Around the Isle of Man the illegal use of TBT paints was identified and later discouraged by the Marine Administration which was followed by a reduction in TBT concentrations in the water at sites around the Isle of Man. Levels of imposex in dogwhelk populations around the Isle of Man have decreased. Although effects of TBT on Nuce/la have been well documented at the cellular and individual level, the knock on effects on the community have not been investigated. Manipulative field experiments were used to demonstrate the role of Nucella lapd/us in structuring shore communities to allow predictions of the effect of TBT to be made. Rather than using the traditional approach of fences and cages, dogwhelks were removed by hand on regular visits to experimental sites creating treatments with reduced abundances of dogwhelks akin to shores affected by TBT. The role of Nucel/a was examined at different stages of a cycle existing on moderately exposed Manx shores where Fucus vesiculosus and Semibe/anus balanoides fluctuate in abundance. The removal of dogwhelks increased the abundance of Semibalanus ba/anoides on the shore and as a result likelihood of algal escapes from grazing by Patella vulgate also increased. In addition the removal of Nucela increased the size and longevity of newly established Fucus vesiculosus clumps. In a factorial experiment the role of Patella vulgate and Nucella lapillus were examined simultaneously. Nuce/la was found to have an significant effect but less than that of Patella. The presence of Nucella did, however, mediate the effect of Patella. In addition Nucella was found to have a direct effect on the level of Semibalanus balanoides settlement in the field with the number of barnacles settling in cleared areas being reduced on areas which had been previously occupied by Nucella.

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Weidhuner, Amanda Marie. "Vineyard Floor Management Analysis Using Nematode Communities as a Bioindicator of Soil Health." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2402.

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Traditional vineyard floor management in the eastern USA consists of mown resident vegetation in the aisle and herbicide bare driplines, promoting soil erosion and crusting, compaction, lowered water penetration, herbicide resistance, difficult weed management, increased plant parasitic nematode populations and decreased soil biodiversity for pest management. To investigate these issues, four novel vineyard floor management techniques and two N-fertilizer applications were investigated using nematode assemblages as a bioindicator of soil health. Main-plot groundcover treatments include: 1.) grower control, consisting of mown fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in the aisle with herbicide bare vine dripline, 2.) red fescue, creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) established in both the aisle and vine dripline, 3.) successional, annually planted cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), spring oats (Avena sativa L.), and sorghum-sudan grass (Sorgum x drummondii) by planting them in succession with a no-till drill throughout the year, 4.) compost treatment consisted of a 2 to 1 mix of hardwood mulch and composted winery pomace applied across both the vineyard aisle and vine dripline. Split-plot nitrogen treatments include: 1.) no nitrogen fertility applied to grapevines, 2). 20 lb. N/ac applied to grapevine dripline at budbreak, bloom and veraison. The randomized complete block design with four main-plot treatments, two split-plot treatments and five blocks was established in 2013 and 2014 in a commercial mature Norton vineyard, planted in 2003, at 2.44 x 3.66 m spacing, in southern Illinois on a Hosmer silt-loam. The canonical analysis of principle components clearly revealed that compost and successional treatments were particularly effective at shifting nematode assemblages to higher populations of cp-5 nematodes to correlate with increases in soil respiration and organic matter, thus indicating establishment of a stable soil health structure both physically and ecologically. The results of the soil health analysis panel (soil respiration, water extracted organic carbon and water extracted macro-and micro-soil elements), consistently supported the interpretation of nematode community structure analysis. In fall 2015 the compost, red fescue and successional groundcovers combined with P and K soil fertility amendments increased water extractable K (WEK) in the aisle by 85%, 59% and 71%, respectively, compared to control; they similarly increased WEK in the aisle by 46%, 59% and 71%, respectively, in summer 2016. In the dripline WEK was increased 140%, 238% and 249%, respectively, by compost, red fescue and successional treatments that received no-N-prescription, compared to the control. The application of prescription-N increased WEK by 25% and 21%, respectively, in the compost and successional treatments that had a generous mulch layer. Soil P response to groundcover treatment clearly distinguished among each treatment the impact of nutrient turnover levels with water extracted P levels: successional > red fescue > compost > control, unique to each treatment. The water extracted mineral element levels detected with the soil health analysis were one-half to one-ninth the concentration extracted with the Mehlich-III test. Red fescue tripled the population of Pratylenchus spp. (236/100cc soil) in the dripline with prescription-N fertilization compared to no-N. Red fescue and successional treatments increased Helicotylenchus spp. populations by ~657% and ~172%, respectively, compared to compost (92/100cc soil) which closely resembled control response average in the dripline across 2015 and 2016. Prescription-N reduced Longidorus spp. by 78% compared to no-N treatment (23/100cc soil) in the dripline of fall 2015. Additionally, prescription-N added to the red fescue and successional treatments reduced Xiphinema spp. populations by 57% and 92%, respectively, compared to the control (52/100cc soil). Compost and successional groundcover treatments dramatically increased grapevine yield and crop size by 38% and 30%; and 29% and 38%, respectively, compared to grower control. The prescription N-fertilizer increased yield and crop size by 13% and 17%, respectively, compared to no-N. Compost and successional also increased Ravaz index by 33% and 60%, respectively, over control without reducing vine size which indicated their future vineyard sustainability.

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Utayopas, Poranee. "Fluctuating asymmetry of fish populations as a bioindicator of environmental quality in aquatic ecosystems." Thesis, Utayopas, Poranee (1997) Fluctuating asymmetry of fish populations as a bioindicator of environmental quality in aquatic ecosystems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1997. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52018/.

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A study of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in two species of fish; the Swan River goby (Pseudogobius olorum) and the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) was undertaken at wetlands in Perth, Western Australia. Although significant levels of FA were recorded, no clear relationships between FA and the concentrations of pollutants were found. Physicochemical stress, ecological stress and genetic factors were hypothesized to be causative factors of the FA detected. A laboratory investigation based on the experimental effects of temperature, conductivity and food availability on G. holbrooki collected from Lake Jandabup and Lake Carabooda revealed significant correlations between these factors and FA in fish from both wetlands. However, the response of FA to experimental treatments differed between fish from the two water bodies. The differing results appeared to be the result of different genetic composition arising from adaptation to differing conditions within each wetland. Multicomparison tests of FA in G. holbrooki collected from wetlands of differing pH, colour and nutrient status revealed no significant differences in FA among locations, however high levels of FA were detected in fish from Kogolup Lake, Mussel Pool, Lake Jandabup and Bibra Lake. Whether low pH or other stresses were the causative factors could not be determined. Fluctuating asymmetry appeared to be influenced by nonspecific, complex stresses occurring within the wetlands and so does not appear to be a useful bioindicator with respect to specific pollutants events. The lack of significant differences in levels of FA in G. holbrooki from Perth wetlands and those of G. affinis from heavily polluted waterbodies in Bangkok, Thailand appeared to be the result of local adaptation of the Thai fish to heavily polluted environments. However, FA in fish from the most highly polluted site in Thailand ranked most highly. In addition, the FA of fish (pooled) from all Perth wetlands was significantly lower than those of all sites in Thailand. The lack of differences of FA in G. holbrooki collected before and after an application of a herbicide (glyphosate) in the Canning River may have been due to the small pre-treatment sample size, the presence of other factors obscuring the impacts of the herbicide, or the low persistence of the herbicide in environment. Detection of high levels of FA and deformity in particular characters appeared to be a function of fitness, stage, time of development as well as low canalization of these characters. High levels of FA detected in some meristic characters appeared to be the result of low canalization. Deformities were detected in fish in the natural environment but were lower in number and level. The reasons why deformities occurred in different characters at different wetlands were not known. Possibly different stressors were present or the fish were adapted to different conditions. The finding that physico-chemical and ecological factors may have a greater influence on FA than pollutants supports the results of previous studies. Improvement in the ecological status of degraded wetlands is recommended and suggestions as to further research needed on FA as an bioindicator for developmental stability are provided.

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Vieira, Tiago Quaggio. "O ensaio cometa e a espécie Hypsiboas albopunctatus (Spix, 1824) como ferramentas de avaliação de qualidade ambiental em uma unidade de conservação federal inserida no Cerrado goiano." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7272.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
A região Sudoeste do estado de Goiás, originalmente coberta pelo Cerrado, é hoje caracterizada pela presença de grandes propriedades rurais produtoras de algodão, soja e milho. As monoculturas, em especial as de grãos, causam sérios impactos ao meio ambiente: empobrecimento e dano genômico, erosão do solo, contaminação por agrotóxicos, compactação do solo, queimadas e desmatamento. O último grande remanescente de vegetação nativa de Cerrado na região está protegido pelo Parque Nacional das Emas, que possui uma área de 132 mil hectares. A proposta deste estudo é avaliar o dano no DNA em girinos de Hypsiboas albopunctatus submetidos a diferentes níveis de exposição às pressões antrópicas do sistema de produção agrícola predominante na região. Tal avaliação foi realizada por meio de ensaio cometa, a partir de amostras sanguíneas obtidas desses girinos, coletados no Parque Nacional das Emas e entorno, tais coletas foram feitas ao longo do primeiro trimestre de 2016. Essa espécie de anuro possui ampla distribuição geográfica e é considerada abundante, características importantes para eleger um organismo como bioindicador de qualidade ambiental. As amostras foram coletadas em ambiente de veredas, com solo encharcado e presença de poças temporárias e permanentes. A amostragem foi dividida em dois tipos de ambiente: a) dentro do Parque Nacional, onde os impactos antrópicos são significativamente menores, não havendo pulverização direta de agrotóxicos ou qualquer tipo de alteração física da paisagem natural, e, b) fora dos limites da unidade de conservação, onde a vegetação nativa foi quase totalmente suprimida e a exposição direta a agrotóxicos é frequente. Dessa forma foi comparado o DNA dos girinos por meio de ensaio cometa, para verificar se no ambiente protegido do Parque Nacional das Emas o dano no material genético difere significativamente em relação ao ambiente antropizado, externo à Unidade de Conservação. Após a realização das análises foi possível constatar que o dano encontrado no DNA de girinos da espécie Hypsiboas albopunctatus foi maior nas amostras provenientes de áreas externas ao parque, intermediário nas áreas internas mais próximas da borda do Parque Nacional das Emas e reduzidos nas áreas centrais e mais próximas do centroide, corroborando a hipótese de que os impactos intermediate in the internal areas closer to the edge of the Emas National Park and reduced in the central areas and closer to the centroid, corroborating the hypothesis that environmental impacts, which are severe outside the protected area boundaries, would have a detrimental effect on biodiversity, including at the molecular level.
A região Sudoeste do estado de Goiás, originalmente coberta pelo Cerrado, é hoje caracterizada pela presença de grandes propriedades rurais produtoras de algodão, soja e milho. As monoculturas, em especial as de grãos, causam sérios impactos ao meio ambiente: empobrecimento e dano genômico, erosão do solo, contaminação por agrotóxicos, compactação do solo, queimadas e desmatamento. O último grande remanescente de vegetação nativa de Cerrado na região está protegido pelo Parque Nacional das Emas, que possui uma área de 132 mil hectares. A proposta deste estudo é avaliar o dano no DNA em girinos de Hypsiboas albopunctatus submetidos a diferentes níveis de exposição às pressões antrópicas do sistema de produção agrícola predominante na região. Tal avaliação foi realizada por meio de ensaio cometa, a partir de amostras sanguíneas obtidas desses girinos, coletados no Parque Nacional das Emas e entorno, tais coletas foram feitas ao longo do primeiro trimestre de 2016. Essa espécie de anuro possui ampla distribuição geográfica e é considerada abundante, características importantes para eleger um organismo como bioindicador de qualidade ambiental. As amostras foram coletadas em ambiente de veredas, com solo encharcado e presença de poças temporárias e permanentes. A amostragem foi dividida em dois tipos de ambiente: a) dentro do Parque Nacional, onde os impactos antrópicos são significativamente menores, não havendo pulverização direta de agrotóxicos ou qualquer tipo de alteração física da paisagem natural, e, b) fora dos limites da unidade de conservação, onde a vegetação nativa foi quase totalmente suprimida e a exposição direta a agrotóxicos é frequente. Dessa forma foi comparado o DNA dos girinos por meio de ensaio cometa, para verificar se no ambiente protegido do Parque Nacional das Emas o dano no material genético difere significativamente em relação ao ambiente antropizado, externo à Unidade de Conservação. Após a realização das análises foi possível constatar que o dano encontrado no DNA de girinos da espécie Hypsiboas albopunctatus foi maior nas amostras provenientes de áreas externas ao parque, intermediário nas áreas internas mais próximas da borda do Parque Nacional das Emas e reduzidos nas áreas centrais e mais próximas do centroide, corroborando a hipótese de que os impactos intermediate in the internal areas closer to the edge of the Emas National Park and reduced in the central areas and closer to the centroid, corroborating the hypothesis that environmental impacts, which are severe outside the protected area boundaries, would have a detrimental effect on biodiversity, including at the molecular level.

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Araújo, Gustavo Júnior de. "Se reconstruirmos elas virão? abelhas e vespas solitárias que nidificam em cavidades preexistentes em matas ciliares restauradas no cerrado do Sudeste do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/5856.

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As matas ciliares compõem uma vegetação característica de margem de corpos d’água, apresentando importantes funções ecossistêmicas, impedindo o assoreamento de rios, lagos e lagoas, promovendo a estabilidade nos ambientes aquáticos, atuando como corredores ecológicos e funcionando como importantes áreas de refúgio para diversas espécies da fauna. Nesse trabalho avaliou-se o sucesso da restauração de quatro fragmentos de mata ciliar, no entorno do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Volta Grande situada entre os estados de Minas Gerais e São Paulo comparando-as com um fragmento que passou por processo de sucessão natural. Utilizou-se como indicador a comunidade de abelhas e vespas solitárias que nidificam cavidades preexistentes. Avaliou-se a relação entre largura, período de recuperação, matriz adjacente e a estrutura da vegetação sobre a riqueza, abundância, composição e rede de interação com parasitas de ninhos. As matas ciliares restauradas apresentaram uma riqueza (s=20) e abundância (n=368) maiores em relação a vários outros levantamentos em áreas primárias. A área referência e as áreas com maior largura apresentaram uma maior riqueza de abelhas e as áreas mais novas apresentaram maior abundância de vespas. A maior quantidade de fragmentos de cerrado na matriz determinou a maior riqueza e abundância de abelhas e vespas. Quanto maior a complexidade estrutural da vegetação nos fragmentos mais diversificada é a comunidade e diferentes espécies responderam de forma diferente a essa complexidade. As abelhas e vespas solitárias que nidificam em cavidades preexistentes se mostraram excelentes preditoras de qualidade ambiental, demonstrando que o processo de restauração das matas ciliares está caminhando para o sucesso por disponibilizar ambientes para a ocupação da fauna e estar recuperando dos serviços ecossistêmicos perdidos. __________________________________________________________________________________________
Riparian forests play an important role in the preservation of water bodies and, in maintaining biodiversity, act as refuges for many species or can be used as ecological corridors. The restoration of these environments is critical to the recovery of pollinator communities. In this work we study the role of restored riparian forest on the riverbanks of the Volta Grande Reservoir (MG and SP) in maintaining bees and wasps communities that nest in preexisting cavities so as to verify if here is difference in richness, abundance and composition throughout the seasons (dry and wet), if there is a relationship between richness and abundance of these individuals and their parasites and the degree of specialization of parasites in relation to the hosts. Were recorded 12 species of wasps, eight of bees and nine species of parasites of the orders Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera in addition to mites and fungi. The wasps Trypoxylon nitidum (Smith, 1856), Pachodynerus grandis Willink & Roig-Alsina, 1998 and the bee Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804) were the most abundant. Areas with longer time of restoration showed higher species richness. However the abundance was higher in most recent areas. The composition of bees and wasps assembly has not changed between the four seasonal periods evaluated, although it has changed between sampling areas. The richness and abundance were higher in warmer and rainy periods. The rate of bee mortality was 45.68% and 48.62% for the wasps. Richness parasites correlated positively with the richness and abundance of bees and wasps. The network of host- parasite interaction has a modular configuration with generalists and specialists. Recovered riparian forests are providing environmental conditions necessary for the maintenance of bees and wasps communities that nest in preexisting cavities.

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Carneiro, Regina Maria Alves. ""Bioindicadores vegetais de poluição atmosférica: uma contribuição para a saúde da comunidade"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-19102004-170613/.

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A qualidade do ar nas áreas urbanas e industriais tende a apresentar concentrações indesejáveis de contaminantes, sem que haja um sistema abrangente de monitoramento, dada a sofisticação dos métodos físico-químicos convencionais, que requerem custos elevados de implantação, operação e manutenção, custos estes, que podem ser minimizados pela adoção de metodologia complementar de biomonitoramento. O biomonitoramento é um método experimental que permite avaliar a resposta de organismos vivos à poluição, oferecendo vantagens como: custos reduzidos, eficiência para o monitoramento de áreas amplas e por longos períodos de tempo e, também, avaliação de elementos químicos em baixas concentrações ambientais. As medidas e registros efetuados por redes convencionais de monitoramento da qualidade do ar permitem verificar se normas e limites estabelecidos ou recomendados pela legislação, agências ambientais e órgãos de promoção da saúde humana estão sendo respeitados. Entretanto, tais medições não permitem conclusões imediatas sobre as conseqüências de poluentes nos seres vivos. Assim, o biomonitoramento deve ser considerado como um método complementar na análise de poluentes, podendo constituir-se em um terceiro sistema de informações, além dos inventários de emissões e de concentrações ambientais. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar, por meio de revisão sistemática de literatura desenvolvida por dois revisores independentes, espécies vegetais (vasculares, musgos e líquens) utilizadas como bioindicadores, referente ao período de janeiro de 1997 a junho de 2003, em estudos experimentais e observacionais, associando-as a poluentes atmosféricos. De um total de 4547 trabalhos científicos sobre bioindicadores, foram pré-selecionados 279 estudos referentes ao uso de vegetais bioindicadores de poluição atmosférica, publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português. Estes trabalhos foram analisados pela aplicação de dois testes de relevância, sendo selecionadas 240 referências e obtidos 154 estudos na íntegra. Deste total, foram incluídos, após aplicação dos dois testes de relevância, 126 trabalhos científicos, sobre o tema considerado, realizados em 34 diferentes países. Constatou-se que o uso da metodologia de revisão sistemática permitiu levantar o conhecimento das experiências acadêmicas nesta área de estudo, ampliando o conhecimento sobre esse tema. Os resultados ainda revelaram a utilização de 112 espécies vegetais, sendo 64 espécies pertencentes à divisão Angiospermae; 11 espécies da divisão Coniferophyta; 22 espécies de líquens e 15 espécies de musgos, relacionadas ao monitoramento de um ou mais dos seguintes poluentes atmosféricos: metais pesados, ozônio, material particulado, dióxido de enxofre, óxidos de nitrogênio, monóxido de carbono, fluoretos, compostos orgânicos voláteis e hidrocarbonetos. Constatou-se, assim, a existência de uma quantidade significativa de estudos dessa natureza, principalmente nos países europeus, onde está implantado o projeto EUROBIONET de biomonitoramento de poluição atmosférica, baseado na padronização de ensaios e biomonitores, desde o ano 2000. Tendo em vista que determinados bioindicadores já estão consagrados ou mesmo validados para o monitoramento de poluentes atmosféricos específicos, considera-se ser possível a instalação de uma rede de biomonitoramento ambiental no Estado de São Paulo, a partir de um trabalho conjunto e coordenado entre universidades, municípios e agência de proteção ambiental, associada à rede existente de monitoramento convencional da qualidade do ar. Tal iniciativa permitirá que mais um passo seja dado na universalização dos cuidados com os ambientes natural e social, promovendo e garantindo melhorias no padrão de qualidade de vida das sociedades atuais e futuras.
Air quality in urban and industrial areas tends to present undesirable concentrations of contaminants, without the availability of a broad monitoring system, given the sophistication of conventional physical-chemical methods, which require high expenditure for implantation, operation and maintenance. These costs can be reduced by the adoption of the complementary biomonitoring methodology. Biomonitoring is an experimental methodology that allows us to evaluate the response of living organisms to pollution, including advantages such as: reduced costs; efficiency to monitor large areas over long periods of time; evaluation of chemical elements in low environmental concentrations. Measurements and registers by conventional air quality monitoring networks allow us to verify whether the standards and limits set by legislation, environmental agencies and human health promotion bodies are being respected. However, these measurements do not allow for immediate conclusions about the consequences of polluting agents for human beings. Thus, biomonitoring must be considered a complementary method for analyzing pollutant agents and can constitute a third information system, besides emission and environmental concentration inventories. This study aimed to identify, by means of a systematic literature review carried out by two peer independent reviewers, vegetal species (vascular, moss and lichen) that are used as bioindicators, in the period from January 1997 to June 2003, in experimental and observational studies, linking them up with atmospheric pollutant agents. Out of a total of 4,547 scientific studies on bioindicators, 279 studies about the use of vegetal atmospheric pollution indicators were preselected, published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. These studies were analyzed by means of two relevancy tests, resulting in the selection of 240 references and 154 full studies. Out of this total, after applying the two relevancy tests, we included 126 scientific studies from 34 different countries. The systematic review methodology allowed us to survey the knowledge resulting from academic experiments in this field of study, thus broadening the knowledge related to that theme. Results disclosed the use of 111 vegetal species, 63 of which belonged to the Angiospermae group; 11 to the Coniferophyta group; 15 moss species and 22 lichen species, related to the monitoring of one or more of the following atmospheric polluting agents: heavy metals, ozone, particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, fluorides, volatile organic compounds. Thus, we observed that there is a significant amount of this kind of studies, mainly in European countries, where the EUROBIONET project for biomonitoring atmospheric pollution has been implanted since 2000, based on test and biomonitor standardization. In view of the fact that certain bioindicators are already acclaimed or even validated for monitoring specific atmospheric polluting agents, we believe it is possible to install an environmental biomonitoring network in São Paulo State, starting from a joint and coordinated effort among universities, municipalities and the environmental protection agency, in cooperation with the existing conventional air quality monitoring network. This initiative will allow for another step in the universalization of natural and social environment care, promoting and guaranteeing improvement in the quality of life of current and future societies.

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SICOLO, MATTEO PAOLO ANDREA. "Negative effects on a bioindicator by electromagnetic field exposures alone and in combination with UVC rays." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/18976.

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Genotoxic effects of radiofrequency (RF)/microwave (MW) electromagnetic fields, by using s tandard protocol of single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) or comet assay, were investigated in the coelomocytes of the bioindicator Eisenia fetida exposed to both laboratory and field experiments. In particular, laboratory treatments were performed by a TEM microstrip (900MHz – 0.20mW/Kg) to reproduce the characteristics of the waves generated by RF anthropic sources found on field. In order to assess the potential oxidative damage caused by microwave electromagnetic exposure, two base excision repair enzymes, i.e. endonuclase III (Endo III) and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (FPG) were used in combination with a modified comet assay protocol. In addition, DNA fragmentation of combinative exposure of ultraviolet rays C (UVC) alone and in combination with microwaves was also studied; in order to assess the influence of electromagnetic fields on DNA repair mechanisms of UVC, T4 endonuclease V (T4PDG) enzyme, which specifically induces single-stranded breaks in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA, was used. Finally, a fieldwork was conducted in three electromagnetic hot-spots in the city of Milan, Italy; in addition, a negative control site with a low electromagnetic field intensity was considered. Loss of DNA integrity was detected by using two main comet assay parameters, i.e. Tail Moment (TM) and Tail Moment Olive (TMO). Data showed an initial increase in TM and TMO (expressed as differences between Tail Moment or Tail Moment Olive from exposed and respective controls averages) after EMF treatments, resulting the highest after the first minutes of recovery ( TM: 6.63±0.70, immediately after exposure and TMO: 4.43±0.38, after 30 minutes, respectively). However, a transient genotoxic damage was observed at 2 hours from exposure (p<0.01). The results, after adding EndoIII and FPG, showed higher values of TM after the combinative treatment with the two repair enzymes compared with microwave exposure (p<0.05) at all times of recovery. Concerning UVC exposure, we observed the highest value of TM after 1 hour from the exposure (5.94±0.42) and a significant diminish after 2 hours (1.73±0.33). In addition, T4 endonuclease V was able to increase the number of breaks after the exposure to UVC radiation at t0, for the damage was approximately four-fold the level of breaks from ultraviolet radiation alone ( TM of 3.42±0.36 and 13.88±1.61, respectively). The combinative effect of UVC and microwave exposure showed significant lower levels of DNA damage than those of corresponding UVC groups at 1 hour of recovery (3.02±0.26 and 5.91±0.54, p<0.01 for TM, respectively). However, DNA fragmentation from UVC plus radiofrequency treatments was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the corresponding UVC groups for the following times of recovery. T4PDG did not affect MW-induced DNA breaks (p>0.05); conversely, the action of the repair enzyme was affected by the presence of RF after UV exposure, because TM, after the combinative exposure of the two physical agents, resulted lower than that found by adding T4 Endonuclease V after ultraviolet rays exposure alone (p<0.05). Finally, field exposures revealed a significant difference between negative controls and exposed animals in all the hot spots (p<0.01); a positive correlation (p<0.001, R2 =0.56) between electric values and genotoxic parameters was found and no relationship between DNA damage and other environmental parameters, considered under field conditions, was observed

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Garza, Martínez Paulina. "Mytilus edulis as Bioindicator for Coastal Zone Environmental Assessment : A study of Kosterhavets Marine National Park." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33052.

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Mollusks growth is a very important and sensitive response to environmental stresses sincethey are good indicators of the available amount of contaminants in the water; reduced growth represents adverse environmental effects and possible effects on the population.Sweden has about 3,000 Natural Reserves and 28 National Parks. Kosterhavets is the first National Marine Park and it is located on the west coast of Sweden, it is also considered one of the most vulnerable areas since 6000 marine species can be found here and about200 are found nowhere else. It is not only a touristic destination; it is also a home and a work place to many people. The type of pollutants and environmental impacts that areproduced by recreation activities on marinas on such park depend very much on the amount of boats. Mytilus edulis has been widely used to monitor the biological effects of contamination by different ways, such as chemical analysis and biological responses. Themain goal of this project was to assess the status of three different marinas with high and low boat traffic and use the shell length of the blue mussel M. edulis as a potential bioindicator to detect effects from boating activities pressures. The main findings arising from this study are that the sizes of the mussels from the three areas with high boat traffic are significantly smaller than the area with little boat traffic.

www.ima.kth.se

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Matos, EugÃnio Pacelli Nunes Brasil de. "ParÃmetros microbiolÃgicos e enzimÃticos do solo sob diferentes culturas perenes e uma mata nativa no semi-arido do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6928.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Os microrganismos sÃo peÃas chave nos processos de transformaÃÃo da matÃria e interagem com todos os organismos vivos, respondem rapidamente as mudanÃas no ambiente e por isso sÃo considerados em avaliaÃÃes das condiÃÃes do meio, inclusive do solo. Tem-se por hipÃtese que a microbiota Ã afetada pela sazonalidade, e que os microrganismos sÃo bons indicadores das mudanÃas provocadas nÃo sÃ pela sazonalidade, mas pelo manejo adotado em diferentes culturas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos e enzimÃticos do solo sob diferentes culturas perenes e uma mata nativa no semi-Ãrido de Trairi, estado de CearÃ (Brasil). Foram monitoradas as populaÃÃes de fungos, bactÃrias e actinomicetos, o teor de carbono orgÃnico, a biomassa microbiana, a respiraÃÃo basal, os quocientes metabÃlico e microbiano e a atividade das enzimas desidrogenase, fosfatase Ãcida e urease do solo. Amostras compostas do solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0â10 cm em dois perÃodos: chuvoso (abril 2009) e seco (outubro 2009) em diferentes cultivos: cajueiros jovens (Ãrea A) e velhos (Ãrea B), coqueiros e gravioleiras, as quais foram comparadas com uma Ãrea de mata nativa. Verificou-se que o teor de carbono orgÃnico foi similar entre todas as Ãreas nos dois perÃodos, enquanto a biomassa microbiana apresentou algumas diferenÃas entre as Ãreas cultivadas. A respiraÃÃo basal teve padrÃo de variaÃÃo temporal semelhante entre as Ãreas avaliadas para um mesmo perÃodo, mas diferiu entre perÃodos para todas as Ãreas, confirmando a influÃncia da sazonalidade. O qCO2 nÃo apresentou variaÃÃes significativas entre as Ãreas cultivadas e entre os perÃodos estudados. Maiores valores de qMIC foram constatados na Ãrea de mata, em ambos os perÃodos, e na Ãrea com cajueiros velhos no perÃodo chuvoso, enquanto que um menor qMIC foi verificado para as Ãreas ocupadas pelas demais culturas em ambos os perÃodos. As densidades populacionais de microrganismos foram similares nas Ãreas ocupadas pelas fruteiras e na mata, bem como entre os perÃodos, onde as Ãreas apresentaram maiores quantidades de microrganismos com relaÃÃo Ã mata. A enzima desidrogenase juntamente com a fosfatase Ãcida e urease diferiram entre as Ãreas e os perÃodos avaliados, reforÃando a hipÃtese de que a sazonalidade altera as condiÃÃes microbiolÃgicas e enzimÃticas do solo. As atividades das enzimas fosfatase Ãcida e urease foram similares, detectando-se maior valor nas Ãreas cultivadas e menor atividade na mata. Por sua vez, a desidrogenase indicou comportamento inverso, apresentando maior atividade na mata. Pela anÃlise de similaridade da microbiota e da atividade de enzimas observou-se que a mata divergiu das demais Ãreas, sendo mais prÃxima da Ãrea com cajueiros jovens. Com base nos resultados deste estudo conclui-se: a) a sazonalidade influenciou os parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos e enzimÃticos avaliados; b) o manejo adotado nas Ãreas sob cultivo alterou a atividade da microbiota do solo; c) os quocientes metabÃlico e microbiano foram importantes para conferir relaÃÃes que nÃo podiam ser detectadas com anÃlises isoladas; d) as anÃlises isoladas nÃo conferiram bom indicador de qualidade do solo; e) o cultivo de microrganismos do solo refletiu as condiÃÃes microbiolÃgicas no que diz respeito Ã diversidade e abundÃncia e f) as atividades das enzimas foram boas indicadoras das condiÃÃes metabÃlicas do solo, sendo especÃficas
Microorganisms are key pieces in transformation of organic matter, interacting well with all living organisms, responding quickly to changes in environment, and therefore, being considered in many assessments of environmental conditions, including soil. As hypothesis microbiota is seasonally affected, and the microorganisms are good indicators of seasonable changes as well as for the management adopted in different crop systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological and enzymatic parameters of soil under different crops and native vegetation in a semi-arid area of Trairi, state of CearÃ (Brazil). The populations of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes, the content organic carbon, the microbial biomass, the basal respiration, the metabolic quotient, microbial quotient and the activity of enzymes dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and urease were monitored. Composite soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-10 cm in two periods: rainy season (April 2009) and dry season (October 2009) in different crop systems: young cashew crop (area A) and old cashew crop (area B), soursop trees and an area of native forest. It turned out that the organic carbon content of soil was similar in all areas in both periods, nevertheless the microbial biomass showed significant differences between cultivated areas. The basal soil respiration showed a pattern similar to temporal variation between the areas assessed at the same period, but differed between periods for all areas, confirming the influence of season. The qCO2 did not show significant variations between crops and between the periods studied. Higher values of qMIC were found in the forested area in both periods and in the area with old cashew trees in the rainy season, while a smaller qMIC was observed in areas with other crops in both periods. Population densities of microorganisms were similar in the soil under cultivation of fruit trees and in forest area, and between periods, where areas had higher amounts of microorganisms in relation to the forest. A dehydrogenase enzyme with acid phosphatase and urease differ between the areas and periods, reinforcing the idea that season changes the microbiological and enzymatic conditions of the soil. The activities of the enzymes acid phosphatase and urease were similar, detecting increased activity in cultivated areas and lower activity of enzymes in the native vegetation area. In turn, the dehydrogenase showed an opposite trend, with higher value in the forest. For the similarity analysis of the microflora and enzyme activity was observed that the forest has diverged from other areas, being closest to the area with young cashew trees. The results obtained allowed to conclude: a) the season influenced the enzymatic activity and microbiological parameters assessed; b) the management adopted in the cropped areas affected the activity of soil microbes; c) the microbial and metabolic quotients were important to check that relations what can not be detected on individual evaluations; d) the individual evaluations did not give a good indicator of soil quality; e) populations of soil microorganisms reflected on the microbiological conditions in respect of the diversity and abundance; f) and activities of enzymes were considered good indicators of the metabolic conditions of the soil, being specific

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20

Nebra, Costas Alfonso. "Ecology and bioindicator potential of benthic macroinvertebrates in a Mediterranean salt wedge estuary: the Ebro River case." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385277.

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The Ebro Delta-Estuary complex is one of the largest wetland areas in the western Mediterranean, and it is considered one of the most important estuarine zones in Europe. In 2013, the Ebro watershed, including its deltaic plain, was declared World Biosphere Reserve by the UNESCO. Due to its singularity, a total of 7.736 ha of Delta are protected under the Spanish Natural Park figure (including coastal lagoons, freshwater springs, bays and adjacent coastline) which stands out by its faunal (mainly, ornithological and ichthyological) and halophilic floral composition. The Ebro River flows into the Mediterranean Sea and forms a salt wedge or highly stratified estuary, a unique estuary type only found in microtidal coasts worldwide. Diverse human activities occur in this area such as tourism, shooting, commercial fishing and agriculture, as a consequence the entire Delta-Estuary complex is under permanent anthropogenic pressures threatening its ecological integrity; therefore, its conservation should be a priority task. The main objective of the present PhD thesis was to analyze the ecology of the benthic macroinvertebrate community from the Ebro Estuary, in order to evaluate its potential use as biological indicator of highly stratified Mediterranean estuaries. To achieve this goal the study of the macroinvertebrate community was carried out at a high level of taxonomic resolution and its spatiotemporal dynamics in relation with the estuarine environmental gradients was assessed. An exhaustive environmental description of benthic condition of the Ebro Estuary was done, including water physico-chemistry, grain size characterization and total organic estimation in sediments. Furthermore, due to the relevance of river discharge on salt wedge dynamics and therefore on estuarine benthic ecology, a comparison between current salt wedge dynamics and past near natural conditions was done using historical data available at the Ebro basin authority database. Finally, the bioindicator potential of macroinvertebrates to assess the ES according to the WFD criteria was examined throughout the analysis of the response of macrozoobenthos based metrics to the main human pressures in the Ebro estuary, nutrient enrichment and altered flow regime.
El objetivo general de la presente tesis fue describir la ecología de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados bentónicos del estuario del Río Ebro, un estuario de cuña salina o altamente estratificado. En concreto esta tesis exploró a un alto nivel de resolución taxonómica la dinámica espacio-temporal de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados en relación con los gradientes ambientales de un estuario de este tipo, con el propósito de evaluar su uso potencial como indicadores biológicos en otros estuarios mediterráneos altamente estratificados. La condición bentónica actual del estuario del río Ebro fue descrita de manera exhaustiva, incluyendo la caracterización físico-química del agua (concentración de nutrientes, contenido de sólidos en suspensión, oxígeno disuelto, pH, temperatura y salinidad) así como un análisis granulométrico del sedimento y la estimación del contenido en materia orgánica. Los datos físico-químicos fueron utilizados para la estimación de un gradiente de contaminación orgánica mediante la técnica de PCA. Además, debido a la relevancia del caudal del río en la dinámica de la cuña salina (avance, retirada y permanencia) y por lo tanto en la ecología bentónica del estuario, se comparó la dinámica actual de la cuña salina, gravemente alterada por la regulación del caudal, con la dinámica natural de la cuña salina que se obtuvo a partir de datos históricos disponibles en la página web de la Confederación Hidrológica del Ebro. Finalmente, el potencial bioindicador de los macroinvertebrados, con el fin de determinar el Estado Ecológico de acuerdo con los criterios de la DMA, fue evaluado mediante el análisis de la respuesta de varios índices bióticos basados en macroinvertebrados en relación con las principales presiones antrópicas que afectan al estuario del Ebro, contaminación orgánica y la alteración hidrológica. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian la relevancia de los macroinvertebrados en el funcionamiento ecológico del estuario así como su idoneidad como indicadores biológicos en relación con la contaminación orgánica Las principales conclusiones obtenidas en esta tesis son: 1. La comunidad actual de macroinvertebrados del estuario del Ebro difiere en gran medida a la encontrada en la década de los 90 cuando la condición de anoxia, debida a un exceso de materia orgánica de origen eutrófico, impedían el establecimiento de comunidades biológicas. La comunidad actual de macroinvertebrados mostró valores excepcionalmente altos de riqueza (213 taxones) comparado con otros estuarios templados; los moluscos, poliquetos y crustáceos fueron los grupos dominantes en términos de riqueza y de abundancia. 2. Como consecuencia de la regulación hidrológica a la que está sometido el tramo bajo del río Ebro, la dinámica de la cuña salina está gravemente alterada causando largos períodos de presencia de cuña salina y de estratificación de la columna de agua. La presencia de cuña salina divide al estuario del Ebro en dos tramos opuestos en función de sus características limnológicas; aguas arriba de la cuña, un tramo con características fluviales y una comunidad de macroinvertebrados dulceacuícola (alto estuario) y aguas abajo un tramo estuarino con agua con salinidades prácticamente marinas debido a la escasa mezcla con el agua del río y una comunidad de macroinvertebrados de origen marino (bajo estuario). 3. El cambio brusco de salinidad fue el principal factor que determinó la estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados del estuario del Ebro. Debido a la práctica inexistencia de agentes de mezcla entre la capa de agua dulce y la marina, el intercambio de materiales y de organismos es muy limitado, como consecuencia la distribución de la comunidad a lo largo del estuario encaja con un patrón de turnover o sustitución total. Este patrón junto con las características homogéneas de ambos ambientes (alto y bajo estuario) sugieren que el estuario del Ebro está funcionando en términos de fronteras ecológicas como un ecotono. 4. La estaciones de muestreo cercanas al punto nulo o nodal (punto donde contactan ambas capas de agua y con valores de velocidad cercanos a cero) mostraron los valores más bajos de riqueza y abundancia debido a que esta zona de mayor estrés dentro del estuario. 5. Durante la última década el estado químico del estuario del Ebro ha mejorado debido a la disminución de los aportes de nutrientes, en especial de fósforo, en toda la cuenca. Esto llevó a la mitigación del proceso de eutrofización y a una oligotrofización del estuario que actualmente recibe menos aportes de materia orgánica atenuando su impacto y reduciendo los eventos de anoxia e hipoxia. Como resultado de esta mejora, la comunidad de macroinvertebrados ha sido capaz de recolonizar el estuario alcanzando un alto grado de complejidad. 6. La comunidad de macroinvertebrados demostró su capacidad de respuesta frente a las principales presiones que afectan al estuario del Ebro. Los parámetros de la comunidad disminuyeron hacía el punto nodal en respuesta al incremento de factores de estrés hidrológico y al incremento de la contaminación en el punto nodal debido a la circulación convergente. 7. La alteración hidrológica de la dinámica de la cuña salina creó una estabilidad artificial en las condiciones ambientales, este hecho favoreció a la comunidad de macroinvertebrados. Como consecuencia tras la aplicación de varios índices biológicos se identificó una respuesta paradójica a esta presión, a mayor grado de alteración hidrológica mayor complejidad en la comunidad y por lo tanto mejor estado ecológico. Este resultado evidencia que es necesaria una aproximación diferente para la determinación del estado ecológico en cuencas mediterráneas donde los aspectos hidrológicos están ganando en relevancia en comparación con la calidad del agua y del sedimento.

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Watson, David. "The shell of Semibalanus (=Balanus) balanoides as a bioindicator of trace metal levels in the marine environment." Thesis, Bangor University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357851.

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22

Papathanasiou, Vasillis. "Cymodocea nodosa as a bioindicator of coastal habitat quality : an integrative approach from organism to community scale." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2864.

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The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) has encouraged considerable research on the development of water quality bioindicators. Seagrasses, that are highly sensitive to direct and indirect anthropogenic stress, and specified as quality elements from the WFD, have been at the center of this effort. In this study the use of Cymodocea nodosa, a widely distributed angiosperm in the Mediterranean Sea, as a bioindicator of anthropogenic stress was tested. Key biotic features of two meadows growing in locations of contrasting ecological status in the N. Aegean Sea, Greece, were sampled and analysed following a hierarchical designed approach. Plants from the degraded meadow (Nea Karvali) were found to have significantly (p<0.05) longer leaves, higher N and P (%) content and lower C/N ratio in their leaves than the less degraded-pristine (Brasidas and/or Thasos) meadows. The application of chlorophyll fluorescence as an easily measurable indicator of the anthropogenic stress has been tested before with limited success. This study, based on a large amount of measurements (ca.500 per meadow) carried out after a short acclimation period in the laboratory under constant temperature and irradiance conditions, showed significantly higher (p<0.05) ΔF/Fm’ and Fm values at plants from the degraded than from the pristine meadows. Three sets of laboratory 8-days experiments were carried out under optimal growth temperature (21±1.5oC) in order to investigate cause-effects relationships between the main local stressors (nutrients-N, P, irradiance and heavy metal-Cu) to shoots collected from differently impacted meadows. High nutrient concentrations (30μΜ Ν-ΝΟ3; 2μM P-PO4) had a significant effect (p<0.05) on ΔF/Fm’ only on shoots from the pristine site. Low irradiance (37 μmol photons m-2 s-1) resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) of ΔF/Fm’, while high copper concentrations (>4.7 μM) had the opposite effect. Through these experiments light availability and nutrients were identified as the main factor that affects the meadows health.

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23

Martínez, Sales María Isabel. "ZEBRAFISH AS BIOINDICATOR OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS PRESENT IN DRINKING WATER THAT MAY AFFECT DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/64081.

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[EN] Emerging organic pollutants include a wide array of different compounds. The main characteristic of these numerous substances is that they do not need to be persistent in the environment to cause negative effects, since their high transformation and removal rates can be offset by their continuous introduction into the environment. One of the main sources of these contaminants is untreated urban wastewaters and wastewater treatment effluents. Most current wastewater treatment plants are not designed to treat these types of substances, for that reason a high portion of these pollutants can escape and enter to the urban water cycle reaching, therefore, the drinking water supply. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that many of these compounds are non-regulated. For the same reason, although concentrations are generally low (ng/l- µg/l), there are worries about their potential and unknown risks of exposures. In this sense, it is known that emerging organic pollutants can have long-lasting effects on development and reproduction, sometimes even in subsequent generations, via epigenetic mechanisms or by mutagenic effects. For all the above reasons, bioindicators such as fishes can be used as an alternative, at least complementary, to monitor their presence. In this sense, in the present thesis was studied whether zebrafish could be established as a bioindicator to detect the presence of these substances in drinking waters through the study of the effects on development and, especially, on reproduction. To accomplish this objective, four studies were carried out. Firstly, it was compared whether keeping the chorion intact or, on the contrary, permeabilized with pronase with the aim to figure out if the chorion acts as a barrier to emerging pollutants. Results from this study suggest using embryos with the chorion intact from the outset when drinking water from different sources was to be tested. In the second study were defined and narrowed down the most sensitive biological parameters to detect the effects of emerging organic pollutants on the development and, especially, on the zebrafish reproduction. Results showed that the hatching, fertility and underdeveloped rates were the most sensitive parameters. In the third study was analyzed the possible cumulative effect along two generations and/or the possible reversibility of the effects from emerging organic pollutants in zebrafish specimens reared in drinking water. Results showed a non-reversible effect on fertility rate and an alteration of sex ratio towards females in one of the studied water, although in this last case the alteration was reversible. A transgenerational alteration in the germline via epigenetic mechanism from the previous generation is proposed as the most plausible explanation to this effect. Finally, it was developed the fourth study with the aim to discriminate the effects from organic pollutants through three different pathways: male, female or water where the fertilization took place. Results showed a decrease in the fertility rate and in the hatching rate, due to an effect of the water where fertilization took place.The most plausible explanation could be the presence of substances which affect the micropyle and chorion. In addition, it was observed a decrease in the fertility rate due to a female effect, but in this case by an alteration of the oocyte quality. Taking into account the results obtained, it could be stated that the zebrafish is a suitable bioindicator to detect the effects from organic pollutants at very low concentration, when are reared in drinking water throughout their life-cycle.
[ES] Los contaminantes orgánicos emergentes incluyen una amplia gama de compuestos diferentes. La principal característica de estas numerosas sustancias es que no necesitan ser persistentes en el medio para causar efectos negativos, ya que sus altas tasas de transformación y eliminación pueden ser compensadas por su continua introducción en el medio ambiente. Una de las principales fuentes de estos contaminantes son las aguas residuales urbanas no tratadas y los efluentes de tratamiento de aguas residuales. La mayoría de las plantas de aguas residuales actuales no están diseñadas para el tratamiento de este tipo de sustancias, por ello una alta porción de estos contaminantes pueden escapar y entrar al ciclo urbano del agua alcanzando, por lo tanto, el suministro de agua potable. El problema se agrava porque muchos de estos compuestos no están regulados. Por la misma razón, aunque las concentraciones son generalmente bajas (ng/l- µg/l), se desconocen los posibles riesgos a la exposición de estos compuestos. Por otro lado, se sabe que los contaminantes orgánicos emergentes pueden tener efectos a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo y la reproducción, a veces incluso en las generaciones posteriores, a través de mecanismos epigenéticos y/o por efectos mutagénicos. Por todas las razones citadas anteriormente, los bioindicadores como los peces pueden ser usados como una alternativa, al menos complementaria, para controlar su presencia. En este sentido, en la presente tesis se estudió si el pez cebra se podría establecer como bioindicador para detectar la presencia de estas sustancias en aguas potables a través del estudio de los efectos sobre el desarrollo y, en especial, sobre la reproducción. Para lograr este objetivo, se llevaron a cabo cuatro estudios. En primer lugar, se comparó mantener el corion intacto o, por el contrario, permeabilizarlo con pronasa para averiguar si el corion actúa como una barrera a los contaminantes emergentes. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren el uso de embriones con el corion intacto desde el principio, cuando va a ser usada agua potable procedente de diferentes orígenes. En el segundo estudio se definieron y acotaron los parámetros biológicos más sensibles para detectar los efectos de los contaminantes orgánicos emergentes sobre el desarrollo y sobre la reproducción del pez cebra. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros más sensibles fueron la tasa de eclosión, la tasa de fecundidad y la tasa de especímenes subdesarrollados. En el tercer estudio fue analizado el posible efecto acumulativo a lo largo de dos generaciones y/o la posible reversibilidad de los efectos de los contaminantes orgánicos en especímenes de pez cebra criados en aguas potables. Los resultados mostraron un efecto irreversible en la tasa de fecundidad y una alteración de la proporción sexual hacia hembras en una de las aguas estudiadas, aunque en este último caso la alteración fue reversible. Una alteración transgeneracional en la línea germinal a través de mecanismos epigenéticos de la generación anterior se propone como la explicación más plausible para este efecto. Finalmente, se desarrolló el cuarto estudio con el objetivo de discriminar los efectos de los contaminantes orgánicos a través de tres vías diferentes: macho, hembra o agua donde la fertilización se llevó a cabo. Los resultados mostraron una disminución de la fertilidad y la tasa de eclosión, debido a un efecto del agua donde la fertilización tuvo lugar. La explicación más plausible podría ser la presencia de sustancias que afectan al micropilo y al corion. Además, se observó una disminución en la tasa de fertilidad debido a un efecto hembra, pero en este caso por una alteración de la calidad de los ovocitos. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se puede afirmar que el pez cebra es un bioindicador adecuado para detectar los efectos de los contaminantes orgánicos en concentraciones muy bajas, cuando
[CAT] Els contaminants orgànics emergents inclouen una àmplia gamma de compostos diferents. La principal característica d'aquestes nombroses substàncies és que no necessiten ser persistents en el medi per causar efectes negatius, ja que les seves altes taxes de transformació i eliminació poden ser compensades per la seva contínua introducció en el medi ambient. Una de les principals fonts d'aquests contaminants són les aigües residuals urbanes no tractades i els efluents de tractament d'aigües residuals. La majoria de les plantes d'aigües residuals actuals no estan dissenyades per al tractament d'aquest tipus de substàncies, per això una alta porció d'aquests contaminants poden escapar i entrar al cicle urbà de l'aigua aconseguint, per tant, el subministrament d'aigua potable. El problema s'agreuja perquè molts d'aquests compostos no estan regulats. Per la mateixa raó, encara que les concentracions són generalment baixes (ng/l- µg/l), es desconeixen els possibles riscos a l'exposició d'aquests compostos. D'altra banda, se sap que els contaminants orgànics emergents poden tenir efectes a llarg termini sobre el desenvolupament i la reproducció, de vegades fins i tot en les generacions posteriors, a través de mecanismes epigenetics i/o per efectes mutagenètics. Per totes estes raons, els bioindicadors com els peixos poden ser usats com una alternativa, almenys complementària, per controlar la seva presència. En aquest sentit, en la present tesi es va estudiar si el peix zebra es podria establir com a bioindicador per detectar la presència d'aquestes substàncies en aigües potables a través de l'estudi dels efectes sobre el desenvolupament i, especialment, sobre la reproducció. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu, es van dur a terme quatre estudis. En primer lloc, es va comparar mantenir el cori intacte o, per contra, permeabilitzar-lo amb pronasa per esbrinar si el cori actua com una barrera als contaminants emergents. Els resultats d'aquest estudi suggereixen l'ús d'embrions amb el cori intacte des del principi, quan va a ser usada aigua potable procedent de diferents orígens. En el segon estudi es van definir i van fitar els paràmetres biològics més sensibles per detectar els efectes dels contaminants orgànics emergents sobre el desenvolupament i sobre la reproducció del peix zebra. Els resultats van mostrar que els paràmetres més sensibles van ser la taxa d'eclosió, la taxa de fecunditat i la taxa d'espècimens subdesenvolupats. En el tercer estudi es va analitzar el possible efecte acumulatiu al llarg de dues generacions i/o la possible reversibilitat dels efectes dels contaminants orgànics emergents en espècimens de peix zebra criats en aigües potables. Els resultats van mostrar un efecte irreversible en la taxa de fecunditat i una alteració de la proporció sexual cap a femelles en una de les aigües estudiades, encara que en aquest últim cas l'alteració va ser reversible. Una alteració transgeneracional en la línia germinal a través de mecanismes epigenètics de la generació anterior es proposa com l'explicació més plausible per a aquest efecte. Finalment, es va desenvolupar el quart estudi amb l'objectiu de discriminar els efectes dels contaminants orgànics a través de tres vies diferents: mascle, femella o aigua on la fertilització es va dur a terme. Els resultats van mostrar una disminució de la fertilitat i la taxa d'eclosió, a causa d'un efecte de l'aigua on la fertilització va tenir lloc. L'explicació més plausible podria ser la presència de substàncies que afecten al "micropilo" i al cori. A més, es va observar una disminució en la taxa de fertilitat a causa d'un efecte femella, però en aquest cas per una alteració de la qualitat dels ovòcits. Tenint en compte els resultats obtinguts, es pot afirmar que el peix zebra és un bioindicador adequat per detectar els efectes dels contaminants orgànics en concentracions molt baixes, quan es crien en l'aigua potable
Martínez Sales, MI. (2016). ZEBRAFISH AS BIOINDICATOR OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS PRESENT IN DRINKING WATER THAT MAY AFFECT DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64081
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Sweatman, Jennifer L. "Gammaridean Amphipods as Bioindicators in Subtropical Seagrass Ecosystems." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2603.

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Anthropogenic disturbances are ubiquitous in coastal marine ecosystems. As such, more intensive monitoring efforts are necessary to conserve these valuable habitats. Bioindicators, organisms that predictably respond to changes in environmental variables, may be utilized in monitoring efforts to assess ecosystem functioning. To incorporate organisms into monitoring programs as bioindicators managers need to first understand the difference between the natural phenology of the focal organisms and their responses to different forms of anthropogenic disturbance. To determine if gammaridean amphipods could be used as indicators of changes in environmental quality in sub-tropical seagrass ecosystems, I conducted spatial and temporal surveys of amphipod communities in south Florida. Amphipod community structure varied significantly across sites and seasons. Variation in community structure was largely driven by macrophyte biomass, food availability, seasonally variable factors (epiphyte abundance, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and temperature), water-column nitrogen concentration, and factors related to freshwater input, including low Thalassia testudinum and high Halodule wrightii densities, and salinity. Amphipods are also susceptible to mechanical damage in seagrass habitats and could be used as indicators of ecological functioning of a region. A major source of mechanical damage in seagrass ecosystems is caused by boat propellers. I simulated propeller scars in continuous seagrass beds to investigate the effects of scarring on seagrass ecosystem functioning. Seagrasses located adjacent to propeller scars experienced a shift in the limiting resource from light to phosphorus. Amphipod community structure, however, was not impacted by scarring, but amphipod density was reduced in fragmented patches. To determine if plant-herbivore interactions were impacted by propeller scarring, we removed amphipods from half of the experimental plots and measured epiphyte biomass and community composition. Top-down control on epiphyte biomass or community composition by amphipods was not affected by fragmentation, despite reduced amphipod densities. My dissertation research demonstrates that amphipods could be incorporated into existing management programs in sub-tropical seagrass ecosystems as environmental indicators. Reduced amphipod densities in fragmented seagrass beds suggests that amphipods could also be used as ecological indicators, but more research is needed to determine the extent of the impacts of fragmentation on higher trophic levels.

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Chandurvelan, Rathishri. "Investigation of waterborne cadmium toxicity in the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus using biomarkers – a potential bioindicator of coastal metal pollution in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8486.

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Coastal metal pollution is a major concern to the health and well-being of aquatic organisms. Bioindicator organisms such as mussels have the potential to monitor coastal metal pollution. In New Zealand, the feasibility of employing green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus as a bioindicator species is yet to be investigated. This thesis focuses on applying a suite of biomarkers on green-lipped mussels exposed to cadmium (Cd) to evaluate the utility of the biomarkers and investigate the utility of the mussels in assessment of metal pollution. Cd is a non-essential metal and is known to be highly toxic to many aquatic organisms. This research consisted of a laboratory study to understand the mechanistic effects of Cd toxicity in green-lipped mussels. Physiological, biochemical, immunocytotoxic and cytogenotoxic biomarker responses were measured in mussels exposed to acute (96 h; 2000 µg L⁻¹ and 4000 µg L⁻¹) and subchronic (28 d; 200 µg L⁻¹ and 2000 µg L⁻¹) Cd treatments. The 96 h LC₅₀ value for P. canaliculus was 8160 µg L⁻¹, indicating that the green-lipped mussels were relatively tolerant to Cd exposure. Results from the Cd exposures, indicated that Cd had a negative impact on physiological processes such as feeding and oxygen consumption. Cd-induced physiological impairments caused an imbalance between energy gain and energy loss in the mussels that led to negative scope for growth. Detoxification (metallothionein-like protein) and defence mechanisms (catalase) were induced in the mussels to provide protection against the toxic effects of Cd. However, the defence mechanisms were not sufficient to protect the mussels from damage due to lipid peroxidation. DNA damage was also observed in the haemocytes of mussels as a result of Cd exposure. Cellular homeostasis (alkaline phosphatase) mechanisms were also perturbed. The immunocytotoxic endpoints reflected differences in haemocyte proportions in the haemolymph of Cd-exposed mussels. Exposure to Cd also led to the formation of several nuclear aberrations in the gill cells of mussels. Overall the laboratory study highlighted toxic effects of Cd on green-lipped mussels that were dependent on the dose and/or the duration of exposure to Cd. Among the biomarkers tested, clearance rate, metallothionein-like protein induction and the formation of nuclear aberrations in mussel gill cells correlated strongly to Cd accumulation levels and reflected Cd exposure effects. The feasibility of employing green-lipped mussels as bioindicators was tested during the field study. Green-lipped mussels were collected from different coastal sites along the South Island in NZ. Metal concentrations in the sediment and in four different mussel tissues were analysed. The findings indicated a significant geographical difference in metal concentration in the environment and in the metal accumulation levels in the mussels. Overall, the field study indicated that the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus has the potential to be used as a bioindicator species for assessment of coastal metal pollution levels in NZ.

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Angelova, Lora [Verfasser]. "Wild birds as a bioindicator for wildlife toxicity in pineapple cultivation areas in Northern Costa Rica / Lora Angelova." Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1104288311/34.

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Hack, L. A. "Development and validation of the marine benthic copepod Robertsonia propinqua as a bioindicator to monitor estuarine environmental health." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/307.

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Studies in the USA have reported that species of meiobenthic copepods can be used as bioindicators of sediment-associated contaminants. The main objective of this research project was to develop and validate methods to assess the effects of estuarine pollution, using the marine benthic copepod Robertsonia propinqua as a bioindicator of environmental health in New Zealand intertidal / estuarine areas. Cultures of R. propinqua were set up and maintained in the laboratory and individuals used in 96h acute and full life-cycle chronic bioassays using the pre-selected contaminants atrazine and zinc sulphate. From the 96h acute experiments it was found that the lethal doses at which 50% mortality occurred (LC50) for exposed nauplii and adult individuals were 7.5 mg/L and 31.8 mg/L, respectively for atrazine and 1.7 mg/L and 2.7 mg/L, respectively for zinc sulphate. This indicated that the nauplii life stage was more sensitive than were the adult life stages for exposure to both contaminants. Based on the 'trigger' values reported (atrazine = 0.013 mg/L, zinc = 0.015 mg/L) in the Australian and New Zealand guidelines for fresh and marine water quality, which provide values at which concentrations of contaminants can occur in the environment before they begin causing effects on aquatic fauna, it is unlikely that the calculated LC50s in the current research will induce biological effects in exposed copepods in the short-term. The calculated LC50 results were then used to further investigate the effects of chronic exposure of sediment-associated contaminants on the complete life-cycle (egg-reproductive adult) of R. propinqua. In a laboratory-based full life-cycle toxicity test, field-collected sediments from polluted sites in the Auckland and Bay of Plenty regions reduced reproductive output (nauplii and copepodite production) of R. propinqua individuals, but the number of males and females, gravid females, clutch size per female and the number of eggs produced were not affected by either the polluted or non-polluted (reference) sediment samples from both field regions. Field investigations of meiofauna community composition in polluted and non-polluted field sites were carried out in 2004 in the Auckland and Bay of Plenty field regions in New Zealand. Greater sediment organic content and a correspondingly deeper redox potential discontinuity layer occurred in all polluted field sites compared with the non-polluted sites. However, species composition could not be used to characterise polluted and non-polluted sites, as there were no dominant taxa which were representative of these sites. The results presented in this thesis indicate that R. propinqua has strong potential to be a good candidate species as a bioindicator of environmental contamination. Furthermore, the full life-cycle toxicity test could be used as a rapid test to detect immediate changes in individual reproduction and development as well as long-term population effects. The technologies developed as part of this research may eventually provide additional tools for commercial environmental consultancies and may compliment existing standard operating procedures for environmental assessments involving pollution of estuarine ecosystems.

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Leung, Brian. "Assessing and developing the use of fluctuating asymmetry as a bioindicator of environmental stress and quality of organisms." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ42798.pdf.

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Loughman, Kathleen Riha. "The effects of dams in the Big Sandy watershed using a novel bacteria-based bioindicator of water quality." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=531.

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Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains viii, 105 p. including illustrations and maps. Bibliography: p. 37-40.

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Leung, Brian Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "Assessing and developing the use of fluctuating asymmetry as a bioindicator of environmental stress and quality of organisms." Ottawa, 1999.

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Lettoof, Damian Christopher. "Tiger snakes, Notechis scutatus, as a Bioindicator of Wetland Health across the urban matrix of Perth, Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/88228.

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Urbanisation frequently degrades wetlands via physical modifications, novel stressors and the introduction of pollutants. The health of wetlands can be measured through the use of bioindicators - such as top predators. The research in this thesis quantifies a suite of contaminants and health parameters in snake populations throughout an urban matrix, assesses patterns of bioaccumulation, parasitism and population genomics on snake health, and concludes tiger snakes can be used as an appropriate bioindicator species.

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Zanetti, Diego Paiva. "A Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) é uma boa espécie indicadora da qualidade ambiental? Estudo de caso da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Rio Mamanguape PB." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4508.

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The Environmental Protection Areas (APA) has features that allow rural activities, conditioned by the rules presented in its definition. The diagnosis of emission of pollutants is essential where there are such activities. This study focuses on the APA Barra do Rio Mamanguape, one of the areas considered by the Ministry of Environment as priority for conservation in Brazil. In that APA concentrate the sewage of some cities in Paraíba, sugar cane plantations and shrimp farms whose production process generates chemical compounds, among these are heavy metals that when cars to water bodies can compromising environmental quality. To contribute to scientific and technical information about this topic in the APA study, this study aimed to quantify the overall levels of Cr, Pb and Ni on the guts of sediment and oysters. We analyzed 72 samples collected between Julys to December 2009, encompassing collection points to the line of the river adjacent reef. We evaluated the parameters pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature and levels of metals Cr, Pb and Ni. The metals analysis was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry and flame. From the results and taking into account the variables measured, it was found that there is presence of traces of various metals studied, but at concentrations within the limits established by Brazilian legislation in force. Environmental parameters were in accordance with the law, only dissolved oxygen that was not in compliance. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate the occurrence of heavy metals in the area, by other agencies and expanding the sample period.
As Áreas de Proteção Ambiental (APA) apresentam características que permitem atividades rurais, condicionadas pelas regras apresentadas em sua definição. O diagnóstico da emissão de poluentes é essencial onde existem tais atividades. O presente estudo tem como foco a APA da Barra do Rio Mamanguape, uma das áreas consideradas pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente como prioritárias para conservação no Brasil. Na referida APA, concentram-se o esgotamento sanitário de algumas cidades da Paraíba, plantações de cana de açúcar e viveiros de camarões cujo processo de produção geram compostos químicos, dentre estes estão os metais pesados que quando carreados até os corpos d água, podem comprometer a qualidade ambiental. Visando contribuir com informações técnicas e científicas sobre esse tópico na APA estudada, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral quantificar os teores de Cr, Pb e Ni sobre o sedimento e vísceras de ostras. Foram analisadas 72 amostras coletadas no período de Julho a Dezembro de 2009, englobando pontos de coleta do rio ao cordão recifal adjacente. Foram avaliados os parâmetros pH, oxigênio dissolvido, salinidade, temperatura e os teores dos metais Cr, Pb e Ni. A análise dos metais foi feita através da Espectrofotometria de Absorção Atômica de chama. A partir dos resultados e levando-se em conta as variáveis medidas, verificou-se que ha presença de traços dos vários metais estudados, porém em concentrações dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela Legislação brasileira em vigor. Os parâmetros ambientais estavam de acordo com a legislação, somente o Oxigênio Dissolvido que estava em não conformidade. Estudos adicionais se fazem necessários para melhor avaliar a ocorrência de metais pesados na área, utilizando outros organismos e ampliando o período amostral.

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Thomas, Emilia Godila [Verfasser]. "Impact of anthropogenic stressors on the population genetics of the common bioindicator Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) / Emilia Godila Thomas." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052822584/34.

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Samuelsson, Louise. "Natural value assessments – can they predict the species richness of red listed and bioindicator fungi in Fennoscandian coniferous forests?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64923.

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The thesis aims to examine how well two standardised methods in nature conservation, namely natural value assessment and key biotope inventory, perform in terms of recognising an area with a high amount of red listed and bioindicator fungi. The two methods are compared to see if any method is superior to find areas with high presence of red listed and bioindicator fungi and if a larger area automatically means a larger number of species. A natural value assessment inventory is conducted on study sites with a performed key biotope inventory, with an addition of an inventory on fungi. Statistical tests are completed to give information about occurring correlations. The results display that the key biotope inventory and the natural value assessment do not differ in their evaluations of an area. Analysis also shows that there is no relationship between the forest sites area and the assessment performed by the natural value assessment. However, if the assessment is performed by the key biotope inventory there exist a relationship with the forest sites area. Further on, there is no correlation between the area and its number of species. The tests also indicate that neither of the methods predict presence or the number of red listed and bioindicator species in a forest. Based on the results, the presence of bioindicator and red listed species alone are not good indicators of forest nature value. In order to give more credible answers to these questions, more studies with increased number of replicates should be conducted.
Avhandlingen syftar till att undersöka hur bra två standardmetoder inom naturvården (Skogsbiologernas naturvärdesbedömning och Nyckelbiotopsinventering) är på att upptäcka ett områdes förekomst av rödlistade svampar och signalarter. Metoderna jämförs för att upptäcka om någon metod är överlägsen den andra angående att finna områden med stor förekomst av rödlistade svampar och signalarter samt om ett större område automatiskt innebär fler arter. Detta undersöks genom att Skogsbiologernas naturvärdesbedömning utförs på områden som redan inventerats utifrån en Nyckelbiotopsinventering med tillägg av en svampinventering. Statistiska analyser genomförs därefter för att ge svar om förekommande samband. Analyser visar att Nyckelbiotopsinventeringen och Skogsbiologernas naturvärdesbedömning inte skiljer sig angående bedömningen av skogsområden. Utförda statistiska testerna tyder även på att det inte förekommer något samband mellan bedömda områdens areal och dess bedömning enligt Skogsbiologernas bedömning, däremot finns det ett samband mellan områdenas areal och Nyckelbiotopsinventeringens bedömning. Det förekommer dock inget art-area samband. Utförda tester indikerar även att ingen av metoderna kan förutsäga mängden rödlistade svampar samt signalarter i ett skogsområde. Baserat på detta resultat ger förekomsten av signalarter samt rödlistade svamparter ingen bra indikation på en skogs naturvärde. För att ge mer trovärdiga svar på dessa frågor krävs mer studier med en ökad mängd replikat.

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El, Idrissi Ouafa. "Evaluation des contaminations en éléments traces et leurs effets sur les stades larvaires et adulte de Paracentrotus lividus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://hal-univ-corse.archives-ouvertes.fr/view_by_stamp.php?&action_todo=view&id.

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Les éléments traces font partis des contaminants les plus répandus dans l’écosystème marin. Au-dessus de seuils critiques, tous les éléments traces présentent un danger potentiel pouvant entraîner des perturbations à l’échelle cellulaire et individuelle, mais aussi au niveau de la population ou de l’écosystème. En Méditerranée, la Corse a longtemps été considérée comme une zone subissant de faibles pressions anthropiques. De par ses caractéristiques écologiques, sa haute tolérance aux contaminants et sa capacité à bioaccumuler des éléments traces, l’oursin violet Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) est reconnu en tant que bioindicateur. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a consisté à mieux comprendre les variations des contaminations en éléments traces en Corse ainsi que leurs effets chez un organisme emblématique,Paracentrotus lividus. Une évaluation de la contamination en éléments traces classiques et émergents a été menée sur les gonades d’oursins. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs prélèvements en mer ont été effectués afin de déterminer les principaux éléments traces susceptibles d’être bioaccumulés par l'oursin adulte et les variations spatio-temporelles de ces contaminants. Ces travaux ont mis en évidence des régions en Corse présentant des concentrations en éléments traces plus élevées dues aux fonds géochimiques associés aux pressions anthropiques. Des variations saisonnières ont également été décelées avec des concentrations plus faibles durant la saison estivale. Ces variations sont notamment liées au cycle de reproduction de l’oursin et démontrent l’importance des facteurs biotiques dans l’évaluation des niveaux de contamination. Les analyses biochimiques des oursins adultes suggèrent que le stress oxydatif induit par les contaminations mesurées n'a pas d'impact direct sur leur santé. Les bioessais menés sur les stades larvaires de l’oursin ont permis d’évaluer les effets de différentes contaminations en éléments traces. Ces contaminations ont induit des malformations ainsi qu’un ralentissement de la croissance, voire une inhibition du développement larvaire. En parallèle, des recherches sur les réponses au stress des différents stades larvaires ont permis de souligner la grande capacité des larves à répondre au stress oxydatif, mais également l’importance des géniteurs dans les études utilisant les larves d’oursin. Ces expérimentations innovantes sont les premières à s’intéresser aux effets d’une combinaison aussi importante d’éléments traces sur l’ensemble du cycle larvaire de l’oursin. Le présent travail pourrait renforcer d’autres outils de diagnostic et de suivi de la qualité des eaux côtières en vue d’améliorer la qualité écologique des eaux marines
Trace elements are among the most commoncontaminants in the marine ecosystem. Beyond critical thresholds, all trace elements present apotential danger that can lead to disturbances at the cellular and individual level, but also at thepopulation or ecosystem level. In the Mediterranean Sea, Corsica Island has long been considered anarea of low anthropic pressure. Due to its ecological characteristics, its high tolerance to contaminantsand its ability to bioaccumulate trace elements, the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)is recognized as a bioindicator. The aim of this thesis was to better understand the variations of traceelement contamination in Corsica and their effects on an emblematic organism, Paracentrotus lividus.An assessment of the contamination of classical and emerging trace elements was conducted on seaurchin gonads. In this context, several samples were collected in order to determine the main trace elements susceptible to be bioaccumulated by the adult sea urchin and the spatio-temporal variationsof these contaminants. This research has highlighted areas in Corsica with higher trace elementconcentrations due to geochemical backgrounds associated with anthropogenic pressures. Seasonalvariations were also identified with lower concentrations during the summer season. These variationsare mainly due to the reproduction cycle of the sea urchin and show the importance of biotic factorsin the evaluation of contamination levels. Biochemical analyses of adult sea urchins suggest that theoxidative stress induced by the measured contaminations has no direct impact on their health.Bioassays performed on larval stages of sea urchins were used to evaluate the effects of several traceelement contaminations. These contaminations induced malformations and a slowing of thedevelopment. In addition, research on the stress responses of the different larval stages hashighlighted the high capacity of larvae to respond to oxidative stress, but also the importance ofspawners in studies using sea urchin larvae. These innovative experiments are the first to investigatethe effects of such important combinations of trace elements on the entire larval cycle of the seaurchin. This present work could strengthen other tools for diagnosing and monitoring coastal waterquality in order to improve the ecological quality of marine waters

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Guimarães, Valeria. "Resíduos de mineração e metalurgia: efeitos poluidores em sedimentos e em espécie biomonitora - Rio Ribeira de Iguape - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44134/tde-14062007-161240/.

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Por aproximadamente 40 anos, o Rio Ribeira de Iguape recebeu resíduos da mineração: rejeitos das plantas de concentração mineral (enriquecidos em Cu, Cr, Pb, Ag e Zn) e escórias de uma unidade de metalurgia (enriquecidas em Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Pb e As), produzidos e descartados pela empresa Plumbum S/A, localizada em Adrianópolis (Paraná). Para verificar a contribuição destes resíduos na contaminação deste rio, como também identificar a possibilidade de depuração natural ou não no mesmo, definiu-se a necessidade de avaliar três compartimentos: resíduos, sedimentos e organismo biomonitor. Nas amostras de resíduos foram realizadas caracterizações físicas e químicas, nos sedimentos foram realizadas análises químicas, granulométricas e algumas amostras investigadas por MEV/EDS e no biomonitor (molusco Asiático da espécie Corbicula fluminea) foram realizadas análises químicas dos tecidos e das carapaças. Estas análises indicaram a existência de elevados teores de Pb nos resíduos da mineração, os quais ultrapassaram os valores deste metal estabelecidos na norma NBR 10.005 da ABNT. Nesta comparação, os rejeitos do concentrado da Mina do Rocha ultrapassaram em 32 vezes, os da Plumbum em 41 vezes e as escórias em 34 vezes, os limites estabelecidos por tal norma, sendo assim classificados como pertencentes à Classe I ? perigosos. Destes resíduos o mais problemático atualmente é o rejeito da Plumbum, por apresentar granulometria fina, pH mais baixo, apresentar maior teor de Pb no teste de lixiviação, além de estar depositado muito próximo de uma das margens do Rio Ribeira de Iguape. A interação destes resíduos com o sistema aquático foi verificada a partir da detecção de Pb, Zn, Cu nos sedimentos. Os sedimentos depositados em bancos de areia e os estuarinos exibiram maiores teores para Pb (média de 135,00 mg/kg para os depósitos em bancos de areia e 124,00 mg/kg para os estuarinos) e Zn (média de 112,62 mg/kg para os depositados em bancos de areia e de 133,00 mg/kg para os estuarinos). Em todos os tipos de sedimentos foi constatado que o local de coleta que exibiu teores mais elevados para os metais de estudo foi em Iporanga, secundariamente na Ilha do Caranguejo na região do Mar Pequeno, a sul de Iguape. Nos sedimentos em suspensão, as análises em MEV/EDS exibiram a presença de grãos de escória, indicando que estes ainda hoje, estão interagindo com este ambiente e sendo transportados. Esta comprovação, só foi possível, de fato, a partir das análises de tecidos e de carapaças da espécie Corbicula fluminea, os quais demonstraram estar havendo interação dos metais pesados provenientes dos resíduos com a biota deste sistema aquático. Nos tecidos deste biomonitor foram detectados em média 23,99 ?g/g de Cu, 144,21 ?g/g de Zn, 0,71 ?g/g de Cd, 2,41 ?g/g de Pb e 7,11 ?g/g de Cr. Destes metais, o mais preocupante é o Pb, ele apresenta concentrações mais elevadas que os relatados em outros estudos para este mesmo bivalve e também, ultrapassa o valor de referência da ANVISA (2,00 ?g/g) para a concentração deste metal pesado em peixes e produtos de pesca para consumo. Além dos tecidos, as carapaças deste biomonitor, também estão concentrado estes metais pesados. De modo geral, concluiu-se que o Rio Ribeira não está sofrendo processos naturais de depuração e que ainda hoje representa um problema ambiental, pois os metais estão migrando ao longo do curso da drenagem e neste processo sendo biodisponibilizados, o que pode vir a gerar transferência e acumulação na cadeia trófica.
For approximately 40 years, Ribeira de Iguape River received mining wastes (enriched in Cu, Cr, Pb, Ag and Zn) and metallurgical slags (enriched in Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Pb and As), produced and discharged by Plumbum S/A, a company located in Adrianópolis (Paraná). In order to verify the contribution of these residues in the river contamination and natural purification the compartments of mining residues, sediments and bioindicator organisms were evaluated. Physical and chemical characterizations were realized in the residues samples; while chemical analyses, grain size evaluation and MEV/EDS were carried out in sediments. Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) was taken as a bioindicator, through chemical analyses of its tissues and shells. The results showed high Pb levels, being classified as Class 1 ? dangerous - by ABNT, norm NBR 10,005, once the limited levels were exceeded by Rocha wastes (32x), Plumbum wastes (41x) and slags (34x). The Plumbum waste is currently the most problematic, as it is made of fine grain, lower pH, higher Pb level detected in the extraction test and is deposited very close to the draining site. The interactions of these residues with the aquatic system was verified through Pb, Zn, Cu detection in the sediments. Pb and Zn levels were, respectively, 135.00 mg/kg and 112.62 mg/kg in the sand banks deposits, and 124.00 mg/kg and 133.00 mg/kg in the estuaries deposits, with prominent metal levels in Iporanga and, secondary, in Crab Island, region of the Small Sea, south of Iguape. MEV/EDS analyses carried out in suspended sediments showed the presence of slags grains, suggesting that still nowadays they are transported and interact with the environment, once they have been detected in tissues and shells samples of Corbicula fluminea. In the tissues of this bioindicator, there were detected average levels of 23.99 ?g/g of Cu, 144.21 ?g/g of Zn, 0.71 ?g/g of Cd, 7.11 ?g/g of Cr and 2.41 ?g/g of Pb; making evident that this last value is strongly high and over the ANVISA reference (2.00 ?g/g) for fish and other consumption products. The results suggest that natural processes of Ribeira de Iguape River are not sufficient for its purification, keeping metals\' transport and bioavailability, which can accumulate in the trophic chain, representing a serious environmental problem.

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Silva, M?rcio Marques da. "Plantas indicadoras de res?duos atmosf?ricos do clomazone." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1097.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento do Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
O clomazone ? um herbicida inibidor da s?ntese de carotenoides. Esse herbicida ? facilmente solubilizado e volatilizado e por consequ?ncia, pode causar danos ao ambiente. Em vista do problema, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa: avaliar a sensibilidade de esp?cies forrageiras e daninhas a res?duos atmosf?ricos do clomazone e determinar a campo o efeito do res?duo atmosf?rico do clomazone sobre a fisiologia de plantas forrageiras e daninhas. Foram realizados dois experimentos. O primeiro foi conduzido em c?maras experimentais de 500 dm? em ambiente monitorado, delineado inteiramente casualizado com 5 repeti??es. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 6x5, sendo, seis esp?cies vegetais: triticale, milho, sorgo, braquiar?o, beldroega e campim braquiaria e o segundo cinco doses de clomazone 0, 90, 180, 270 e 360 g ha-1 (equivalentes ?s concentra??es atmosf?ricas de 0,0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg L-1, considerado o volume). As esp?cies ficaram expostas ao herbicida no interior das c?maras por per?odo de 96 horas em atmosfera controlada. Ap?s esse intervalo, as c?maras foram abertas, procedendo-se ? primeira avalia??o, repetida aos 7 e 14 dias ap?s a abertura. Avaliou-se a intoxica??o e o teor de clorofila. Com exce??o do milho, todas as esp?cies testadas mostraram-se sens?veis ?s concentra??es residuais de clomazone na atmosfera, podendo ser utilizadas no monitoramento da qualidade do ar. O segundo experimento foi conduzido a campo. Delineado em blocos causalizados com quatro repeti??es, em esquema fatorial 6x4, sendo seis esp?cies vegetais [quatro plantas forrageiras: lab lab, sorgo, braqui?r?o e java, e duas plantas daninhas: beldroega e sida] e quatro solu??es de aplica??o do clomazone (0, 360, 720 e 1.080 g ha-1, equivalentes a 0; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,20 mg L-1, considerado o volume). As plantas forrageiras e daninhas ficaram expostas ao clomazone, em tuneis cobertos por filme de polietileno de baixa densidade (150 ?m) de volume de 12m?, por per?odo de 72 horas. Ap?s esse tempo, os t?neis foram abertos, procedendo-se ?s seguintes avalia??es: intoxica??o das plantas, fluoresc?ncia inicial, fluoresc?ncia m?xima, a raz?o entre a fluoresc?ncia vari?vel e fluoresc?ncia m?xima, quenching fotoqu?mico e quenching n?o-fotoqu?mico, taxa de transporte de el?trons e do teor de clorofila. Mesmo em concentra??es que n?o promovem efeito visual, o clomazone ? capaz de causar danos significativos na atividade fotossint?tica das esp?cies. As vari?veis fisiol?gicas, clorofila total, rendimento qu?ntico m?ximo do PSII e fluoresc?ncia inicial da clorofila podem ser utilizadas de forma eficiente no monitoramento de res?duos do clomazone na atmosfera.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The herbicide Clomazone is an inhibitor of carotenoids synthesis. This herbicide is easily solubilized and volatilized, and by consequence, can cause damage to environment. Due to this problem, the objective of this study was evalue the sensibility of forage and weeds species to atmospheric wastes of Clomazone and to determinate in field the effect of atmosferic waste of Clomazone in phisiology of forage and weeds plants. Two experiments were performed. The first was conducted in 500dm? experimental chambers in a monitored environment, completely randomized design design with five repetitions. The treatments was arranged in 6x5factorial scheme, being six vegetable species: triticale, corn, sorghum, braquiar?o, beldroega e capim braquiara and the second five doses of Clomazone 0, 90, 180, 270 e 360 g ha-1 (equivalent to atmospheric concentrations of 0,0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,15 e 0,20 mg L-1, volume considered). The species were exposed to the herbicide inside the chambers for 96 hours in controled atmosphere. After this interval, the chambers were open, proceeding the first evaluation, repeated at 7 and 14 days after the opening. Was rated the intoxication and the chlorophyll contente. Excepting the corn, all tested species proved to be sensitive to Clomazone residual concentration in atmosphere, and can be used in ais quality monitoring. The second experiment was conducted in field. An experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four repetitions, in 6x4 factorial scheme, being six vegetable species [ four forage plants :lab lab, sorghum, braquiar?o and java, and two weed plants: beldroega and sida] and four Clomazone application solutions (0, 360, 720 e 1.080 g ha-1, equivalentes a 0; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,20 mg L-1, volume considered). The forage and weeds plants were exposed to Clomazone, in tunnels covered by polyethylene film of low density (150 ?m), volume of 12m?, for 72 hours. After this time, the tunnels were open, proceeding this following evaluations: plants intoxication, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, ratio of the variable fluorescence and maximum fluorescence, photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching, el?ctron transport rate and chlorophyll contente. Even in concentrations that don?t promote visual effect, the Clomazone is able to cause significative damage in photosynthetic activity of species. The phisiologic variables, total chlorophyll, PSII maximum quantum yield and chlorophill initial fluorescence can be used efficiently in monitoring of Clomazone wastes in atmosphere.

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Ramirez, Alexa. "Patch reefs in Biscayne National Park, FL : sediments, foraminiferal distributions and a comparison of three biotic indicators of reef health." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002518.

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39

Campbell, Connor. "Assessing biofilm and epiphytes on seagrass leaves as bioindicators of environmental change." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2287.

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Seagrasses are highly valued for their productivity and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, seagrasses are declining globally, with losses comparable to tropical rainforests and coral reef ecosystems. Eutrophication and light reduction are two major environmental pressures contributing to seagrass loss. Eutrophication events are a consequence of increased nutrient loads entering the coastal environment. Light reduction can occur from a number of processes including eutrophication, but also increased sediment loads entering the water column through anthropogenic activities on the land and in the sea. Seagrass managers require a suite of tools to enable monitoring and the assessment of the effects of nutrient enrichment and light reduction on seagrass meadows to assist in the management of these vulnerable ecosystems. Biofilm have displayed some promising attributes as a good bioindicator of nutrient enrichment within benthic environments, however there are limited studies within seagrass habitats. Algal epiphytes within seagrass meadows are frequently studied and are considered good bioindicators of light limitation, however, faunal epiphytes have rarely been considered. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of two different environmental pressures on seagrass biofilm and epiphytes within temperate seagrass meadows in Western Australia. To examine this, two separate experiments were run, a mensurative experiment assessing seagrass biofilm and the effect of nutrient exposure from drain discharge, and an in situ manipulative experiment assessing the effects of light reduction on seagrass epiphytes. For the mensurative experiment the abundance and taxonomic composition of biofilm was compared at sites near-to and far-from stormwater discharge points, the known sources of nutrient discharge. Within the in situ experiment the algal and faunal epiphyte abundance was examined under different light shading intensities, over different durations and times of year. There were no consistent differences in biofilm abundance near-to and far-from drains, however the drain with the highest nutrient loads had the highest autotrophic abundance and total biofilm biomass. Additionally, biofilm prokaryotic and eukaryotic composition displayed no significant difference between near-to and far-from drain sites. The biofilm composition also seemed to be driven by the nutrient loadings of each respective drain, as sites with higher nutrient loads displayed higher abundances of taxa typically found within nutrient rich or polluted environments. In regard to the in situ experiment, the algal epiphytes displayed a clear response to reduced light intensity and increased duration, however the response was not consistent at different times of the year, as there was a delay in response during the post-winter period. The difference in response was likely due to a difference in the absolute amount of light during the two periods. Furthermore, the algal epiphytes to seagrass biomass (g epiphyte DW to g-1 seagrass DW) displayed a more consistent response compared to the algal epiphyte biomass as (g DW m-2), especially on the seagrass leaves. The faunal epiphytes displayed no consistent response to the shading treatments. This inconsistency is likely due to differing metabolic and substrate requirements compared to algal epiphytes. This study has displayed that biofilm is a good potential bioindicator of increased nutrient availability within seagrass ecosystems, however, the use of this needs to be interpreted with a good understanding of the hydrodynamics of the system. Additionally, algal epiphytes are a good bioindicator of reduced light availability on seagrass meadows, and the best way to measure the response of the algal epiphytes is to standardise to the seagrass biomass (g epiphyte DW to g-1 seagrass DW). Also, algal epiphytes specifically on seagrass leaves is the indicator variable that responds most consistently. Additionally, it is important to consider the absolute magnitude of the influencing light before predicting responses, and to understand that these responses change with the total amount of light during different seasonal periods. Finally, faunal epiphytes were poor bioindicators of this environmental stress.

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Li, Zhengyan, and 李正炎. "The incidence of imposex in Hong Kong and the value of Thais clavigera(Gastropoda: muricidae) as a bioindicator of TBT pollution." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240586.

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Rodrigo, Ana Patrícia Carreira. "Integration of sediment contamination with multi–biomarker responses in a novel bioindicator candidate (Sepia officinalis) for risk assessment in impacted estuaries." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8080.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente
The Sado estuary (SW Portugal) is an example of the type of pressures coastal areas are subjected to, encompassing fisheries, agriculture, industries and other human activities, most of which may act as sources of aquatic pollution. In order to assess the impact of aquatic contaminants onto the biota, biomonitoring is compelling and the search for suitable bioindicator organisms is mandatory. The common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, is a very important species to fisheries, especially in the Sado estuary, albeit yet unsurveyed in ecotoxicological studies. For the purposes of biomonitoring, cuttlefish were collected from two different sites in the Sado estuary and from an external reference area. Additionally, environmental contamination was determined from sediment samples. Sediments were characterized for granulometric fractions, total organic matter, redox potential and for the levels of metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb), metalloids (As and Se), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and the pesticides dichloro diphenyl trichloethane plus its main metabolites (DDTs) and hexoclorobenzene (HCB). A multi–biomarker approach was applied in two organs, digestive gland and gills, through the analysis of lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, the reduced/oxidised glutathione ratio, glutathione S–transferase activity and induction of metallothionein–like proteins. The results showed that the Sado estuary is especially contaminated by metals when compared to the reference area. In addition, even within the Sado estuary, considerable heterogeneity exists regarding sediment contamination. The biomarker responses, especially in the digestive gland, were overall consistent with sediment contamination. This relationship was less obvious in the gills, reflecting, nevertheless, high sensibility to environmental pressures. Thus, S. officinalis revealed to be a good species to address environmental contamination and likely an adequate bioindicator in environmental risk assessment programs. The integration of all biomarker responses disclosed that the levels of contamination of the Sado estuary, although considered to be moderate, cause responses and adverse effects in organisms, from which it may be inferred that current management policies have not yet been able to eradicate pollution from this ecosystem.

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Li, Zhengyan. "The incidence of imposex in Hong Kong and the value of Thais clavigera (Gastropoda: muricidae) as a bioindicator of TBT pollution /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21929476.

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Pombo, Maíra. "The Atlantic Ghost Crab Ocypode quadrata (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) as bioindicator of sandy beaches: assessment of the influence of environmental, behavioral and population factors." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21134/tde-03062015-144544/.

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The populations of the ghost-crab Ocypode quadrata have been evaluated as bioindicators at sandy beaches, but for this purpose some shortcomings need to be addressed. This study assessed several features of the species biology, from daily activity cycles to effectively its role as bioindicator. Between that, the occupation of burrows was evaluated at several morphodymically distinct beaches and it differed temporally, among the areas and within beach strata, indicating that assessing these populations through the indirect method require more caution. The period of the year after major cold fronts showed the most similar values between individuals and burrows, followed by the greater entrance of young recorded. No trend according to beach type was identified for mean size, dissipative beaches tended to have higher densities, while body growth performance index was higher at reflective beaches, gathering therefore both similarities and differences concerning the trends known for other crustaceans from these environments. The use of the species as bioindicator was effective and gathered distinct areas, through the use of a new method. Increasing levels of erosion were associated to increasing mean densities and mean sizes, followed by a sharp decrease of both, especially mean size. Connectivity breakage, e.g., armoring and vegetation removal, proved to be a threat to the populations structure, worsened when associated to erosion process, to an extent that compromise the populations viability.
As populações do caranguejo Ocypode quadrata, conhecido no Brasil como guaruçá ou maria-farinha, têm sido exploradas como bioindicadores da qualidade de praias arenosas, mas para tal algumas lacunas precisam ser preenchidas. Este trabalho levantou diversas características da espécie no litoral sudeste brasileiro, desde ciclos diários de atividade até sua aplicação como bioindicador. Nesse entremeio, as taxas de ocupação das tocas foram avaliadas em diversas praias morfodinamicamente distintas, sendo que houve variação temporal, entre praias e mesmo entre estratos de uma mesma praia, indicando que avaliações dessas populações através do método indireto requerem maior cautela. O período pós frentes frias teve o número de tocas e de animais mais semelhante, seguido da maior entrada de recrutas. O tamanho médio dos indivíduos não apresentou tendências de acordo com o tipo praial, a densidade de indivíduos foi maior nas praias dissipativas e a performance de crescimento estimada foi maior em praias reflexivas, agregando características tanto similares quanto opostas aos outros crustáceos desses ambientes. O uso da espécie como bioindicador foi válido e incorporou áreas distintas, através do emprego de um novo método. Níveis crescentes de erosão foram associados a um inicial aumento de densidade e tamanho médios, seguido de um decréscimo severo de ambos, especialmente de tamanho. A quebra de conectividade, e.g. construções e remoção da vegetação, foi também responsável pela alteração da estrutura das populações, sendo a condição agravada em casos de associação com erosão, a ponto de comprometer a viabilidade das populações.

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Salel, Tiphaine. "Dynamique des environnements fluvio-lagunaires du Narbonnais à l'Holocène (Golfe du Lion, France)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30083.

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Le paysage littoral de la basse vallée de l’Aude est composé d’une mosaïque de milieux laguno-deltaïques mobiles à l’échelle des derniers millénaires. Du fait de cette mobilité et de l’ancienneté de l’occupation humaine, continue depuis le Néolithique, la compréhension des dynamiques environnementales passées constitue une problématique incontournable de la recherche archéologique narbonnaise. Le travail que nous présentons vise à identifier et expliquer les transformations de ce paysage fluvio-lagunaire à l’Holocène, à partir de l’analyse sédimentologique et micropaléontologique des enregistrements sédimentaires datés au radiocarbone. Dans un premier temps, une étude de la répartition spatiale actuelle des ostracodes des lagunes et embouchures fluviales modernes est proposée en vue d’utiliser cette microfaune comme bioindicateur privilégié des conditions environnementales passées dans la zone d’étude. Elle repose sur le prélèvement d’une soixantaine d’échantillons de sédiments de surface provenant de différents complexes paraliques de Méditerranée nord-occidentale. Les assemblages d’ostracodes actuels permettent de caractériser différents stades d’isolement des bassins, des lagunes complètement fermées jusqu’aux baies largement ouvertes sur la mer, ainsi que la variabilité intra-lagunaire des milieux en relation avec la proximité des embouchures et des graus. La base de données présentée peut être utilisée, à titre comparatif, pour reconstituer les dynamiques géomorphologiques littorales holocènes, telles que la mobilité deltaïque et l’évolution des systèmes barrières-lagunes, dans le golfe du Lion. Dans un second temps, l’étude des enregistrements sédimentaires a permis d’appréhender l’évolution du littoral narbonnais à l’Holocène. Elle repose sur neuf sondages carottés répartis sur les deux branches deltaïques, méridionale et orientale, de l’Aude. Les résultats obtenus permettent de proposer un scénario paléogéographique reconstituant la dynamique des environnements de la basse vallée depuis 9500 ans cal. BP, en même temps qu’ils renseignent le contexte local de la remontée du niveau marin holocène dans l’intervalle 9500-6000 ans cal. BP. Plusieurs problématiques sous-jacentes à l’évolution des paléoenvironnements littoraux narbonnais sont discutées. Elles concernent les modalités de la transgression holocène dans les lagunes du golfe du Lion, l’enregistrement d’un événement marin extrême en fond de ria vers 5200-5000 ans cal. BP, et le rythme de progradation accéléré du delta de l’Aude durant le dernier millénaire. L’identification de deux périodes d’enrichissement en plomb cohérentes avec les principaux pics d’exploitation minière connus en Languedoc à la charnière du changement d’ère et au début du Moyen-âge classique suggère un enregistrement de la fluctuation historique des activités métallurgiques
The present day Aude valley’s coastal landscape is the result of unstable lagoonal and deltaic environments during the last millennia. The understanding of past environmental dynamics is a key issue of the local ar-chaeological research, because since the Neolithic period human beings have settled in this area. This work aims to identify and explain the fluvio-lagoonal landscape’s evolution in the Narbonne region during the Holocene by using sedimentology, micropalaeontology and radiocarbon sediment datations. First, we analysed the present ostracods spatial distribution in modern lagoons and river mouths in order to use this microfauna as a bioindicator of past environmental conditions in the study area. Various aquatic envi-ronments (60) from the NW Mediterranean coastline were studied. The present ostracod assemblages characterize different stages of isolation, from completely closed lagoons to widely open marine bays, as well as intra-lagoonal environmental variability in relation to the inlets and river mouth proximities. The proposed database can be used to reconstruct coastal geomorphologies and dynamics, such as the holocene evolution of delta and barrier-lagoon systems in the Gulf of Lion. Second, sedimentary recording studies have been used to analyse the Narbonne’s coastal evolution. This study is based on nine cores distributed over the southern and eastern deltaic branches of the Aude river. With theses results, it is possible to propose a palaeogeographic scenario associated with the environmental dynamics of the lower valley since 9500 years cal. BP. This same data informs us about the local context of the Holocene sea level rise during the 9500-6000 years cal. BP. Several issues are discussed such as : the Holocene’s transgressions of the Gulf of Lion’s lagoons, the extreme marine event near the bay head delta around 5200-5000 years cal. BP, and the Aude delta’s rapid progradation during the last millennium. Additionally, we identified two periods of lead enrichment; which are consistent with the major mining peaks known in Languedoc (beginning of the first century AD - beginning of the classical Middle ages) and suggest a record of fluctuating metallurgical activity

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Daniels, Camille A. "Coral reef assessment an index utilizing sediment constituents /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001180.

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46

Andersson, Skog Nils. "Bats in Urban Sweden : A multiple regression analysis of bats’ relationship to urbanization." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45771.

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Human development continues to use up more physical space in the natural world, threatening the natural habitats of many organisms. To combat the loss of biodiversity science needs to explore what landscape features are important for different organisms so that we can incorporate these into the modern environment. As bats play an important role in many ecosystems and can reflect changes through trophic levels, analyzing their preferred habitats can help planners improve biological diversity of the urban habitat. Using acoustically identified bat sightings from Artportalen.se for the years 2017-2018, this paper studied the habitats of bats in Sweden. Through multiple regression analysis we examine the response in abundance and/or diversity of bats to physical and socio-cultural attributes of the urban habitat. We examined a total of 10160 bats from 18 species in 418 land cover locales and 306 demographical statistical areas with varying degrees of urbanization. Our results indicate that bat abundance and diversity decrease significantly with higher urbanization while deciduous forests are the most important land cover type for all bats. The results also indicate that wealthier areas have less abundance and diversity even when factoring in population density. Species specific analysis suggested that bat species who are better adapted at foraging in open vegetated landscapes and over water were less susceptible to the negative impacts of the urban habitat. We conclude that diverse habitats with a mixture of open vegetated areas, watercourses and broadleaf forests are the most important land features for a diverse bat fauna along with high connectivity via tree cover and linear landscape elements. If urban planning could incorporate these features into the urban habitat, some of the negative impacts of urbanization could be prevented.

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Tritt, Erik. "Black spot disease in freshwater fishes of south-western Australia: identification of the parasite, host range and potential as a bioindicator for water quality." Thesis, Tritt, Erik (2018) Black spot disease in freshwater fishes of south-western Australia: identification of the parasite, host range and potential as a bioindicator for water quality. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/43367/.

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The salinisation of freshwater ecosystems by anthropogenic influences is recognised as one of the largest threats to the highly endemic freshwater fish fauna of south-western Australia. There has also been some recent evidence that secondary salinisation is affecting the parasite community of freshwater fishes. A parasitic trematode, which causes black spot disease in the musculature of native fishes, has previously been tentatively identified as Diplostomum galaxiae, a species first described from a galaxiid fish (Galaxias auratus) in Tasmania. The aims of the current study were to confirm this specific identification using genetic analyses; investigate the host and geographic range of the parasite in south-western Australia; and determine whether the parasite could be a suitable bioindicator of secondary salinisation. Encysted metacercariae were extracted from preserved fishes in the collection of the Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, and from a specimen of Galaxias truttaceus from Tasmania, and a section of the 18S rRNA gene sequenced. All parasites from south-western Australia and Tasmania were genetically identical, but did not group with other species in the Diplostomum genus in phylogenetic analyses. Instead, the Australian parasite aligned more closely to a clade containing Posthodiplostomum spp., and several genera from the Strigeidae family. Reclassification of the parasite causing black spot disease in south-western Australian freshwater fishes is thus recommended, following more extensive comparisons with the parasite throughout Australia. In the interim, the parasite has been designated with the temporary name Dip01. Historical collections of fishes from the West Australian Museum and from the Freshwater Fish Group & Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University were assessed, to collate records of Dip01 metacercariae. The parasite appears to preferentially infect Galaxias maculatus and Galaxias occidentalis over other species; although it was also found in two percichthyids (a single Nannatherina balstoni and several Bostockia porosa from a single catchment) and has been reported previously from two estuarine fishes (Leptatherina wallacei and Pseudogobius olorum) that have colonised secondarily salinised rivers of the region. The overall prevalence of Dip01 in G. maculatus was 11.7% (95% CI 9.3-14.4%), and in G. occidentalis was 6.1% (4.8-7.7%). The mean intensity of infection in G. maculatus was 3.5 (2.0-7.3) parasites/infected fish, while the mean intensity in G. occidentalis was 7.8 (5.9-10.3) parasites per infected fish. The geographic range of Dip01 closely matches that of the preferred hosts, G. maculatus and G. occidentalis. Prevalence and intensity data were compared against historical environmental data from the Water Information Reporting database of the Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, where available. There was a significant inverse relationship between parasite prevalence and salinity, with Dip01 only occurring in habitats with a conductivity of less than 1,000 μS/cm. Based on these data, the parasite appears to be a useful bioindicator of salinity, as it is restricted to low salinity waters, even though its preferred galaxiid hosts are tolerant of a wide range of salinities.

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Neufeld, Ângela Denise Hübert. "Bioindicadores de qualidade do solo em um sistema integrado de produção agropecuária." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11296.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Integrated crop‑livestock systems (ICLS) can improve the chemical, physical and biological soil attributes. However, grazing intensification may outweigh these benefits and cause severe losses to the system. Soil biota is considered a good environmental bioindicator and can attest to the quality of the system management. This study aimed to know the implications of grazing intensification on soil biota in a long-term ICLS, to verify which soil conditions most influence biological attributes, and to evaluate if these attributes can be used as environmental quality indicators in ICLS. The experiment was started in 2001, on a 23 hectare area, with Glycine max in summer and Avena strigosa+Lolium multiflorum for continuous cattle grazing in winter. The treatments consisted of four sward heights (10, 20, 30, and 40 cm), plus an ungrazed area, as the control. Sampling was performed in four seasons between 2014-2016, two after the grazing season and two after soybean harvest. Soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial quotient, diversity and abundance of meso and macrofauna, as well as chemical, physical and vegetation cover variables were evaluated for correlation. The highest microbial respiration, MBC content, abundance and diversity of the soil fauna were quantified under moderate (20 and 30 cm) and light (40 cm) grazing intensities and under no grazing. At the high grazing intensity was a vegetal cover reduction and decreasing on the physical soil quality, which resulted in a lower soil moisture and activity, abundance and diversity reduction of soil organisms community. These results increase the need for an adequate management of pasture areas, without harming the ICLS sustainability.
Os sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPAs) podem melhorar os atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo. Porém, a intensificação do pastejo pode suplantar estes benefícios e causar graves prejuízos ao SIPA. A biota do solo é considerada uma boa bioindicadora ambiental e pode atestar sobre a qualidade do manejo deste sistema. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as implicações da intensificação do pastejo sobre a biota do solo em um SIPA de longa duração, verificar quais as condições edáficas mais influenciam os atributos biológicos, e avaliar se estes atributos podem ser utilizados como indicadores de qualidade ambiental do SIPA. O experimento é conduzido há 15 anos em uma área de 23 hectares com a sucessão Glycine max para produção de grãos no verão e Avena strigosa + Lolium multiflorum para o pastejo contínuo dos bovinos no inverno. Os tratamentos são constituídos pelas alturas de pastejo de 10, 20, 30 e 40 cm e por testemunhas sem pastejo. A amostragem foi realizada em quatro épocas entre 2014 a 2016, duas após o final da estação de pastejo e duas após a colheita da soja. Foram avaliados a respiração basal do solo, o conteúdo de carbono na biomassa microbiana (CBM), o quociente metabólico e a diversidade e abundância da meso e macrofauna epiedáfica, além das variáveis químicas, físicas e de cobertura vegetal para fins de correlação. No tratamento sem pastejo e nas maiores alturas da pastagem quantificaram-se a maior respiração microbiana, conteúdo de CBM, abundância e diversidade da fauna epiedáfica. Na menor altura de pastejo houve redução da cobertura vegetal e prejuízos aos atributos físicos do solo, o que resultou em menor teor de umidade e redução da atividade, abundância e diversidade dos organismos do solo. Estes resultados reforçam a necessidade de um manejo adequado da carga animal na pastagem para que não ocorra comprometimento à sustentabilidade dos SIPAs.

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Chaves-Fonnegra, Andia. "Increase of Excavating Sponges on Caribbean Coral Reefs: Reproduction, Dispersal, and Coral Deterioration." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/5.

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Coral reefs ecosystems are deteriorating and facing dramatic changes. These changes suggest a shift in dominance from corals to other benthic organisms. Particularly in the Caribbean Sea, with corals dying, sponges have become the leading habitat-forming benthic animals. However, little is known about what life-history traits allow organisms to proliferate in a marine system that is undergoing change. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to try to understand the current increase of encrusting excavating sponges on deteriorating Caribbean coral reefs through the study of reproduction, recruitment and dispersal potential of the widely distributed and currently expanding species, Cliona delitrix. Different methodological approaches were used, such as histology, electron microscopy, quantification of sponges in the field, genetics, and mathematical modeling. Results are presented in four different chapters. It was found that Cliona delitrix has an extended reproductive cycle in Florida, USA, from April - May to around November - December depending on a >25°C sea-water temperature threshold. C. delitrix gametogenesis is asynchronous and it has multiple spawning events. C. delitrix is recruiting abundantly on Caribbean coral reefs, preferentially on recent coral mortality than on old coral mortality. The increase in C. delitrix and other excavating sponges can be explained by the repeated spawning and by the coincidence in time and space of larval production with the availability of new dead coral, which tend to overlap during the warmest months of the year. Eggs or larvae of C. delitrix appear to survive enough to be transported by currents over larger distances. It was found that dispersal ranges for Cliona delitrix may reach as far as ~315 km in the Florida reef track, and over ~971 km in the South Caribbean Sea, between Belize and Panama. Thus, reproduction, dispersal, and recruitment patterns of C. delitrix along with oceanographic currents, and eddies that form at different periods of time, are sustaining the spread of this sponge on coral reefs. According to mathematical models carried out, C. delitrix increase on reefs fluctuates depending of coral mortality events and available space on old dead coral (colonized by algae and other invertebrates). However, under temperature anomalies, these sponges will 2 tend to increase and take over the reef system only if heat stress and coral mortality is moderate. Under massive mortality events both corals and sponges will tend to decline, although sponges at a slower rate than corals. In general, coral excavating sponges have been favored by coral mortality, especially during past few decades. However as bioeroders, their success is also limited by the success of calcifying corals. In a reef management context and based on this dissertation’s findings, it is suggested that excavating sponges, and especially Cliona delitrix, should be more formally included in reef monitoring programs. Their increase can be used to track coral mortality events on reefs (past and future), and also can be used as another major bioindicator of health on coral reefs.

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Sharp, Colleen C. R. "Effects of copper and light exposure on the development and survival of the Wood Frog tadpole (Rana sylvatica)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1209657636.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bioindicator'

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