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1
Kondratiev, Sergey V., and Tamara N. Kondratieva. "Young Scholar B. F. Porshnev on the Slave Formation: According to the Text Preserved in the State Archive of the Stavropol Region." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2020): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-3-917-928.
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The article is devoted to an unknown episode in the biography of the eminent Soviet historian B. F. Porshnev (1905–1972), who worked in the higher educational and scientific institutions of Rostov-on-Don in 1930–32, and among others, in the North Caucasus Regional Highlander Research Institute of Local History, where he primarily lectured and taught history of socio-economic formations to post-graduate students. In Rostov, B. F. Porshnev, who later declared himself a scholar in the French history, showed himself as a Marxist social scientist. 1930–32 saw a discussion on socio-economic formations in the Soviet historical science, during which the antiquity was legitimized and received the name of “slave formation.” The literature follows the content of this discussion in the regions not quite as well as in the center. The State Archive of the Stavropol Krai stores B. F. Porshnev’s documents and his report on the slave formation, which he gave in a dispute in the North Caucasus Regional Highlander Research Institute of Local History; this indicates that the discussion of socio-economic formations took place in Rostov as well. The report of B. F. Porshnev was typical Marxist work, in which sketchiness, social science, and abstractness dominated, while real historical material was absent. In B. F. Porshnev’s mind the slave formation was a logical stage in the development of mankind, however, not all peoples underwent it. Only sedentary peoples could expand slave system. They constantly pushed their borders and conquered first nearby, then distant peoples, turning them into slaves. Thus the empires of antiquity arose: Ancient Rome, other states of antiquity, Han China. Slaves were the main productive force within the slave formation, and violence, war, and capture were the main source of its replenishment. The slave formation collapsed as a result of class struggle between the exploiters (slave owners) and the exploited (slaves); however, this happened under objective external conditions, i.e., during barbarian invasions.
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Zeuske, Michael. "The ‘Cimarrón’ in the archives: a re-reading of Miguel Barnet’s biography of Esteban Montejo." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002608.
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[First paragraph]"Aunque por supuesto nuestro trabajo no es historico (Miguel Barnet)" Apart from Manuel Moreno Fraginals's El ingenio, there is hardly any other book in Cuban historiography that has met with such wide circulation as Biografia de un cimarron by Miguel Barnet.1 It is, in spite of a series of contradictions, the classic in testimonio literature for contemporary studies on slavery as well as for the genre of historical slave narratives extending far beyond Cuba. In particular the various new editions and translations, such as the English versions that have been published under the titles Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1968), Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Esteban Montejo & Miguel Barnet 1993) or Biography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1994) and the discussion that Barnet's book stimulated bear witness to this position.2
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Kirkpatrick, Kate. "'Master, Slave and Merciless Struggle'." Sartre Studies International 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2019.250103.
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In his biography of Jean Genet, Sartre says his aim is ‘to demonstrate that freedom alone can account for a person in his totality’. Building on my reading of Being and Nothingness in Sartre on Sin, I examine the compatibility of Sartrean freedom and love in Saint Genet. Sartre’s account of Genet’s person is largely a loveless one in which there is no reciprocity, others are ‘empty shells’ and love is ‘only the lofty name which [Genet] gives to onanism’. I use Saint Genet to suggest Genet’s lovelessness is the direct result of locating the totality of personhood in freedom. This location results in a lonely experience of subjectivity as ‘master, slave and merciless struggle’ – never lover or beloved, whether on the divine plane or the human.
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Bray, Julia. "Yaʿqūb b. al-Rabīʿ Read by al-Mutanabbī and al-Mubarrad: A Contribution to an Abbasid History of Emotions." Journal of Abbasid Studies 4, no. 1 (June 15, 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340029.
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The now little-known early Abbasid poet Yaʿqūb b. al-Rabīʿwas famous for his elegies on his slave woman, Mulk. While scholars such as al-Mubarrad transmitted them, along with a biography patterned on the “sold slave-girl” tale-type, al-Mutanabbī plagiarised them and reversed their message. This yields a corpus which can contribute to an Abbasid history of emotions. Approaches to the history of emotions are discussed in an introduction, and key elements of the corpus are translated in Appendices i to iii.
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Scafe, Suzanne. "Performing Ellen: Mojisola Adebayo’s Moj of the Antarctic: An African Odyssey (2008) and Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; Or, the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery (1860)." Journal of Commonwealth Literature 55, no. 3 (September 16, 2019): 406–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021989419848448.
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The subject of Mojisola Adebayo’s one-woman performance, Moj of the Antarctic: An African Odyssey, is Ellen Craft, an ex-slave whose escape from the slave-owning state of Georgia to England in the late 1840s is recounted in the escape narrative Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom; Or, the Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery. Rather than using her performance to present her biographical subject with an interiority the original slave narrative scarcely offers her, Adebayo reconstitutes Ellen and relocates her in an auto/biographical work that self-consciously blurs the boundaries between autobiography, biography, and biofiction, thus exposing the overlap and interdependency of these textual forms. Through a detailed analysis of both texts and their contexts, this essay argues that Adebayo constructs a figurative, first person auto/biography of Ellen Craft, a “call and response” production, originating in an “intimate, somatic engagement with the body of another”, whose “touch” sets up a fluid process of identification. Her work performs a textual revision of the slave narrative genre and its rich, socio-cultural contexts. As a performed, auto/biographical reimagining of Ellen Craft’s flight from slavery Moj of the Antarctic, like Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom, transgresses multiple borders and, in the process, subverts expectations of what constitutes an authentic self. It deconstructs conventionally defined categories of race, gender, and sexuality and radically extends the Crafts’ own examination of the meaning of freedom.
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Betko, Iryna. "Мифо-архетипические мотивы психобиографии Тараса Шевченко." Acta Neophilologica 1, no. XXIII (June 1, 2021): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/an.6230.
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The study of various aspects of the symbolic biography of Taras Shevchenko is a contemporary direction of modern Ukrainian literary criticism. This article analyzes the mythological and archetypal motifs in Great Mother. They played a special role in the life and work of the poet, who never made up for the slave and orphan complexes. The strategy of symbolic-biographical analysis significantly expands the psychoanalytic context of the study.
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Shumakov, Andrey A. "Gabriel’s plot of 1800: the story of the failed uprising." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 8, no. 3 (2022): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2022-8-3-125-142.
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This article analyzes one of the most significant, yet understudied events in African-American history. The Virginia Conspiracy or the Gabriel Conspiracy of 1800 is considered the most famous case of organizing a mass armed uprising of slaves in the United States. Inspired by the ideas and examples of the American, Great French and Haitian revolutions, black slaves tried not just to raise an uprising and achieve liberation, but actually challenged the slave-owning orders of the entire white South. The scale and geography of the conspiracy leave no doubt that it originally implied a mass armed demonstration, which was to begin simultaneously in several cities of Virginia and spread to neighboring states. The purpose of this study is to analyze and restore the chronicle of the main events related to the Virginia Conspiracy of 1800. The materials of the trial and some periodicals act as a source base, while the author also relies on the research of leading American experts on this topic. The main objectives of the study include: to consider the background of the conspiracy and some issues of Gabriel’s early biography and to study the process of preparing a speech and the immediate implementation of the plan. The article also analyzes the consequences of the events of 1800 for the legislation of Virginia and the entire white South. The main methods are historical-descriptive and comparative-historical, allowing to draw the necessary parallels with similar historical phenomena, such as the Virginia Uprising led by Nat Turner in 1831. The conclusion shows that the slave conspiracy of 1800 was planned in the most careful way, while the reason for its failure was a combination of purely subjective factors. Simultaneously, Gabriel’s failed rebellion demonstrated the vulnerability of the White South in the face of slave uprisings, as well as the high degree of self-organization of the Black community and the beginning of the formation of an African-American identity.
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Hommel, Maggie. "The Poet Slave of Cuba: A Biography of Juan Francisco Manzano (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 11 (2006): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0499.
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Escabias, Juana. "Ana María Caro Mallén de Torres: una esclava en los corrales de comedias del siglo XVII." Epos : Revista de filología, no. 28 (January 1, 2012): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/epos.28.2012.12270.
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Este artículo reconstruye la biografía de la dramaturga andaluza del Siglo de Oro Ana Caro Mallén, aportando informaciones desconocidas hasta ahora como su lugar y fecha de nacimiento y fallecimiento, su nombre completo y su primer y segundo apellido y referencias documentales inéditas sobre su entorno familiar, personal y literario. Los datos más sorprendentes de esta biografía son que la autora nació en Granada, bajo la condición de esclava.This article reconstructs the biography of the playwright Andalusian Golden Age Ana Caro Mallen, providing previously unknown information as place and date of birth and death, your full name and your first and last name and unpublished documentary references about their family, personal and literary. The most striking of this biography is that the author was born in Granada, under the condition of a slave.
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Jones, Christine Kenyon. "Byron and Slavery." Byron Journal 51, no. 2 (December 2023): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bj.2023.16.
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Byron makes frequent references to slavery in his work. The word ‘slave’ occurs some 160 times in his verse and peppers his letters and journals. The aspect of slavery that most concerns twenty-first-century readers in Western democracies (the fifteenth- to nineteenth-century transatlantic trade in enslaved people between the west coast of Africa and the east coast of the Americas) accounts, however, for only a fraction of Byron’s subject-matter concerning this topic. In his hands this is a wide-ranging and complex subject, relating not only to historical and political matters in different geographical locations, but also to metaphorical, personal and emotional themes. This essay therefore begins by looking at Byron’s biography and writing to outline his own connections with transatlantic slavery and with people impacted by enslavement, and then moves on to make what can only be a very modest attempt to consider his writing about slaves and slavery more generally.
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Mihajlovic, Dunja. "La religión en Biografía de un cimarrón de Miguel Barnet." El texto hispanoamericano/The Spanish American Text 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/eth180.
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Biografía de un cimarrón es el título del testimonio de Esteban Montejo, un esclavo cubano, recopilado y traspuesto a la escritura por Miguel Barnet. En este testimonio, Montejo manifiesta sus ideas sobre la religión católica y las creencias y prácticas religiosas afrocubanas. Este trabajo propone que la ideología de la revolución cubana se encuentra inserta en el texto. Las expresiones de indiferencia acerca de la religión pueden leerse como parte de un mensaje textual acorde con las ideas de la revolución cubana. Biography of a runaway slave is the title of the “testimonio” of Esteban Montejo, a Cuban slave, compiled and written by Miguel Barnet. In this text, Montejo expresses his ideas on the Catholic religion, as well as on Afro-Cuban religious beliefs and practices. It is suggested that the ideology of the Cuban revolution is present in the text. The expressions of indiference towards religion can be read as part of a textual message that agrees with the ideas of the revolution.
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Kirillova, Maria. "How it Came to the “Ancient History of the USSR”? Nikolay Marr’s Theory and the Problem of Periodization of Soviet History in the 1930s." ISTORIYA 13, no. 4 (114) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021222-3.
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The article discusses the background for the appearance in the history of the USSR of “the ancient period” typologically corresponding to the slave-owning formation and directly connected with the subsequent history of the feudal Kievan Rus’. Developing the concept of the history of the USSR in the 1930s was tangibly influenced by the Japhetic theory of Nikolay Marr. The idea of autochthonous ethnic groups made it possible to connect the Slavs and the ancient population of the territory of southern Russia, thus ensuring the unity of the historical process and synchronizing European and Russian history. The conductors of Marr’s influence were the employees of the State Academy of History of Material Culture from the first Marxist generation of historians, primarily Sergey Bykovskiy. An analysis of Bykovskiy’s biography and papers shows that he formulated the idea of the continuity between the Slavic and non-Slavic population even before he began his work with Marr, but after that his constructions became consistently more related with Japhetic theory and more politicized.
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Rey, Jo Anne. "“Who’d Have Thought?”: Unravelling Ancestors’ Hidden Histories and Their Impact on Dharug Ngurra Presences, Places and People." Genealogy 7, no. 2 (June 13, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy7020041.
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As a means of opening the lid on transgenerational silencing—which was a survival strategy for thousands of Indigenous families against intended cultural genocide—while balancing the place of auto/biography in that journey, this paper focuses on the impact of Ancestors’ hidden histories and how the discovery of those histories drives complex identifications when woven with Presences, places, and people on Dharug Ngurra/Country. Using my own family’s recently uncovered early colonial Ancestral storying, histories that involve Dharug traditional custodian, African slave, and Anglo characters, some as First Fleet arrivals, the paper considers the place of auto/biography as a form of agency that brings past into presence, and which, in turn, opens opportunities to heal, decolonise, and transform Dharug and, more broadly, Indigenous communities, their knowledges, practices, and ontologies. When this activation involves most of the metropolis known as Sydney, Australia, we recognise its transformative potential to change non-Indigenous people’s perspectives. When we recognise auto/biography as a form of ‘truth-telling’, it allows a space to re-story relationality, both human and other-than-human, and restores Indigenous presence into Ngurra for biodiverse justice in a climate-changing world. Addressing these matters through poetic multimedia allows a place of safety between the pain and the healing.
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Baaki, Brian. "Circulating the Black Rapist: Sketches of the Life of Joseph Mountain and Early American Networks of Print." New England Quarterly 90, no. 1 (March 2017): 36–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00584.
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This article examines texts produced in response to the criminal trial of Joseph Mountain to illuminate the early construction of the black rapist in American print. The central text in its analysis is Mountain's own “criminal confession,” Sketches of the Life of Joseph Mountain (1790). This article views Mountain's text as a response to a different set of concerns than later narratives of African Americans convicted of rape and positions Mountain's biography as a response not merely to concerns over black slave revolt alone, but to a related, if more immediate threat of cross-racial, proletarian revolution.
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Law, Robin. "INDIVIDUALISING THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE: THE BIOGRAPHY OF MAHOMMAH GARDO BAQUAQUA OF DJOUGOU (1854)." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 12 (November 21, 2002): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s008044010200004x.
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Rasiah, Rasiah, Ansor Putra, Fina Amalia Masri, Arman Arman, and Suci Rahmi Pardilla. "JUST LIKE BLACK, ONLY BETTER: POOR WHITE IN ANTEBELLUM SOUTH OF AMERICA DEPICTED IN SOLOMON NORTHUP’S NOVEL TWELVE YEARS AS A SLAVE." Diksi 29, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v29i1.33081.
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(Title: Just Like Black, Only Better: Poor White in Antebellum South of America Depicted in Solomon Northup’s Novel “Twelve Years as A Slave”). Antebellum era, the period before the Civil War occured, or before the year 1861, in the United States is used to relate to the enslavement of black American. In fact, the era was not merely about black, but also poor white. This study is purposed to describe the poor whites’ life in antebellum America as reflected in Twelve Years As A Slave (1855), a narrative biography novel written by Solomon Northup. Set up the story in New York, Washingotn DC, and New Orleans, the author (and focalizer at once) told the story based on his own experience as a black who was captivated and sold into slavery for twelve years. Although the novel centered its story on black character, it also reflected the life of poor whites who were also being “enslaved” by their white counterparts. Through sociology of literature perspective, this study reveals that the character of poor white that represented through John M. Tibeats, Armsby, and James H. Burch came from Great Britain especially from Ireland. Mostly, they moved to America as incarcerated people. They lived under the poverty and some of them were the vagrants and petty criminals. Poor white during antebellum era in America was positioned in the lower social level. They were “enslaved” by their white master but more better compared to the black slaves. It can be noticed that poor white were positioned in low social level because of the socio-economic problem, while blacks were race and racism. Keywords: antebellum America, poor white, slavery, social class, American literature
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Fillies Testa Muñoz, Juliana. "Rethinking the Independence of Cuba from Miguel Barnet’s Biography of a Runaway Slave." Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio sobre Centroamérica y el Caribe 18, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): e45606. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/c.a..v18i1.45606.
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The testimonial novel Biography of a Runaway Slave by Miguel Barnet is one of the pioneers of the narrative genre and has attracted the attention of critics from the moment of its publication. Scholars see the testimonial novel as a text that allows the reader access to a "genuine" episteme, safeguarded by a witness of historical events. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the narrative of the maroon and former mambí Esteban Montejo opens new ways of reading and analyzing historical events. In particular, I will focus on Montejo’s statements on the Cuban War of Independence. For this purpose, I will use the theory of the Subaltern Studies as a methodological tool. The analysis will show the denial of Afro-Cuban agency in the official history of independence in Cuba, and will offer a reading of the events that recognizes the important Afro-descendant contribution.
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Lindsay, Lisa A. "Biography in African History." History in Africa 44 (March 8, 2017): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hia.2017.1.
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Abstract:This paper charts the rise and transformation of biography as a form of Africanist history writing. Biography in African history, as in other fields, has included attention to nationalist heroes as well as the lives of slaves, women, and other subalterns. Recently, some Africanist historians have embraced transnational life histories, particularly those situated in the “black Atlantic” of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some themes, methods, and limitations of such biographies are discussed in relation to the author’s own project on a nineteenth century immigrant to West Africa.
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Elizabeth Urban. "Tree of Pearls." American Journal of Islam and Society 39, no. 3-4 (February 16, 2023): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v39i3-4.3163.
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Almost any survey of medieval Islamic history will cover the figure of Shajar al-Durr (“Tree of Pearls” in Arabic), who was one of the fewwomen in Islamic history to hold the title of Sultan, and the only one to do so who began her life as a slave. She is also well known as a pivotal figure in Egyptian politics, as she marked the transition between Saladin’s Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1250 CE) and the Mamluk sultanate (1250–1517 CE). However, works that analyze Shajar al-Durr’s biography, reign, and influence often overlook her role as an architectural innovator. In Tree of Pearls, art historian D. Fairchild Ruggles highlights Shajar al-Durr’s architectural innovations and argues that her “architectural patronage…changed the face of Cairo and had a lasting impact on Islamic architecture”.
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Lawrance, Benjamin N. "“Your poor boy no father no mother”: ‘Orphans,’ Alienation, and the Perils of Atlantic Child Slave Biography." Biography 36, no. 4 (2013): 672–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bio.2013.0045.
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Krasner, David. "Alain L. Locke: The Biography of a Philosopher, and: Slave Songs and the Birth of African American Poetry." African American Review 43, no. 4 (2009): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2009.0076.
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Baibakova, Larisa Vilorovna. "Peculiarities of perception by former slaves of their social status in the era of slavery (based on the collection of their memoirs in the Library of US Congress)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 4 (April 2020): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.4.33626.
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Slavery has always been condemned across the world; however in the end of the XX century, such canonical concept was rectified based on the extensive examination by American scholars of compilation of narratives of the former slaves collected in 1930s in the United States. At that time, 2,300 former slaves from 17 states were interviewed about their life in the era of slavery. Later, these interviews were placed in open access on the website of the Library of US Congress, reconstructing a contradictory picture of everyday life of African-Americans in the conditions of plantation economy: some reminiscences convey almost a nostalgic feeling of the past, while others criticizes it severely. The author in his attempt explain the historical accuracy of the results of mass interviewing of African-Americans, tries to make sense why 70 years later, the eyewitnesses of the same event have polar viewpoints. Forming the new comparative-historical approaches towards examination of collective consciousness under the influence of anthropologization of historical knowledge, the interview materials allow reconstructing the period, demonstrating the value system of the entire population group, unlike biography that structures the chain of events in chronological order. Analysis of the archive “Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938” has not been previously conducted within the Russian historiography, just briefly mentioned as one of the documentary aspects of the institution of slavery. The contained material is important for scientific comprehension of the bygone era of slavery, reflected in the collective memory of long-suffering African-American sub-ethnos. The problem of slavery in the United States, which synthesizes heritage of the past with practices of everyday life in various manifestations, seems optimal from the perspective of historiographical interest.
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Neel, Alexandra. "“THE GHOST OF SLAVERY” INOUR MUTUAL FRIEND." Victorian Literature and Culture 43, no. 3 (May 29, 2015): 511–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150315000054.
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On his last trip to Americain 1868, Charles Dickens would write a letter to his friend and biographer John Forster, which paints a sobering picture of postbellum Baltimore: “It is remarkable to see how the Ghost of Slavery haunts the town; and how the shambling, untidy, evasive, and postponing Irrepressible proceeds about his free work, going round and round it, instead of at it.” While Dickens's phrase “the Ghost of Slavery” indicts a slave system that persists despite abolition, his representation of the former slave body – “the shambling, untidy, evasive, and postponing Irrepressible” – suggests another kind of ghost, an identity that toggles between the spectral and the grossly embodied. Dickens reinforces this conjunction of the ghostly and the corporeal as he goes on to note that “[t]he melancholy absurdity of giving these people votes, at any rate at present, would glare at one out of every roll of their eyes, chuckle in their mouths, and bump in their heads, if one did not see . . . that their enfranchisement is a mere party trick to get votes” (Letters27). Resorting to the crudest racial stereotypes, Dickens portrays recently manumitted slaves as dolls devoid of speech and political agency. In depicting the “postponing Irrepressible” as stripped of personhood and civil capacities, Dickens conjures the legal fiction of “civil death” – a medieval English common law that divested a prisoner accused of treason any rights by proclaiming him dead in the eyes of the law. In stark contrast to Dickens's impassioned pleas for the abolition of slavery and prison reform inAmerican Notes(1842), his private remarks in this letter some twenty-five years later convert former slaves into the objects of satire – minstrelsy puppets in a larger political game in which they play no civil part – as it were, dead again. However, even as Dickens attempts to constrain the former slave body through a kind of stereotypical branding, his language – the “postponing Irrepressible” – registers an unease that this corporeal ghost won't die. It is precisely in this form of the living dead that the “ghost of slavery” surfaces inOur Mutual Friend(OMF).
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Bray, Julia. "Codes of Emotion in Ninth- and Tenth-Century Baghdad: Slave Concubines in Literature and Life-Writing." Cultural History 8, no. 2 (October 2019): 184–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2019.0199.
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Much Arabic writing in ninth- and tenth-century Iraq, the cultural hub of the Islamic empire, centres on the emotions. It is tempting to take it as evidence, either direct and documentary or passive, for lived emotions, and to forget that it is shaped by imagination and argument, the more so as the culture makes no distinction between literary narratives and life writing. This article contextualizes, translates or summarizes three stories about jāriyas, women slave artistes and concubines, who are a frequent focus of writing about the emotions in this period. The stories which, typically, are presented as biography or autobiography, are variations on a common tale type, which they develop and explore in different ways, all of which, however, combine verisimilitude with a degree of idealisation that is not always apparent. I argue that, by virtue of this combination, the stories should be seen as exercises in the imaginative exploration of emotions, not as attempts to document them, and that the clash between realism and implausibility provides modern readers with the means of problematizing them and grasping their cultural functions. More generally, by arguing with themselves, writings of this sort provide modern readers with the tools of interrogation needed to write a history of thinking about (as against ‘doing’) emotions.
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Law, Robin. "Madiki Lemon, the “English Captain” at Ouidah, 1843–1852: an Exploration in Biography." History in Africa 37 (2010): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2010.0020.
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The history of the commercial entrepôts on the Atlantic coast of West Africa in the pre-colonial period is far from being a neglected topic, but has attracted considerable academic research. The potential value of a biographical (or prosopographical) approach to the social history of such coastal communities has also long been recognized, the classic pioneering example being Margaret Priestley's study of the Brew family of Anomabu, on the Gold Coast (modern Ghana), founded by the locally settled Irish slave-trader Richard Brew (died 1776). The case of the Brews, however, presents exceptionally favorable conditions for the reconstruction both of individual biography and of collective family history, in that the founder was literate and generated a considerable corpus of written records which survives to the present, while for subsequent generations of the family the early establishment of an institutionalized form of British proto-colonial administration on the Gold Coast also yielded relatively abundant documentation.Elsewhere on the coast, and more particularly for individuals and families lower down the social scale, the amount of evidence available is likely to be much more limited and fragmentary. The present article represents a tentative attempt at a biography of a person of much lesser eminence than Richard Brew or his descendants, which may therefore be regarded as a venture into the field of subaltern history. To the extent that it also concerns someone who generated no documentation of his own, but whose life has to be reconstructed from incidental references in the records of the external agencies with whom he had dealings, it is also conceived as a methodological exploration of the possibility of extracting an African voice and perspective from European (and Eurocentric) sources.
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Stewart, Maria W., and Eric Gardner. "Two Texts on Children and Christian Education." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 1 (January 2008): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.1.156.
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The known biography of the early african american writer and lecturer Maria W. Stewart (1803–79) is as brief as it is fascinating. After the childhood loss of her parents, she married James W. Stewart, a Boston shipping agent, in 1826. The Stewarts had close ties with the black radical David Walker, whose fiery 1829 Appeal kindled fears of slave rebellion and was in its third edition when Walker died under suspicious circumstances in August 1830. After James Stewart's own untimely death, in December 1829, his executors swindled Maria Stewart out of her inheritance, and she turned to the church and to writing and lecturing. Revising Walker's combination of jeremiad and Enlightenment-influenced political argument to reflect her own sense of faith, racism and racial uplift, and gender politics, Stewart became one of the first American women to address “promiscuous” audiences. She published a series of probing meditations as well as a set of her lectures—texts still startling for their power and bluntness—in pamphlets and, later, as Productions of Mrs, Maria Stewart (1835).
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Lowe, N. J. "VI Terence." New Surveys in the Classics 37 (2007): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001738350800048x.
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Publius Terentius Afer is a remarkably well-documented figure about whom we nevertheless know next to nothing with any certainty. We have a reasonably secure documentary core in the didascaliae, the production notices attached to the plays in the manuscript tradition, whose information on original performances has survived the occasional sceptical attempts at unpicking; these give not only date, festival, producer, and aediles or other commissioning magistrates, but Greek source, and even the name and owner of the slave who composed the music and which type of reed-pipes it was played on. There is also Donatus' commentary, though frustratingly shredded and reconstituted in the form in which we have it, which also preserves invaluable, if sometimes puzzling, information about the Greek source plays and their adaptation. But Terence himself remains an enigma. Suetonius' biography of Terence, one of only four survivors from his Lives of the Poets, is a rich and still underinvestigated document, but it tells us less about Terence's life than it does about the biographical tradition that grew up around him a century after his death.
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Fernández Benítez, Hans M. "“The moment of testimonio is over”: theoretical issues and perspectives of testimonial studies." Íkala, Revista de Lenguaje y Cultura 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2010): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.5096.
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The purpose of this text is to explore the main ideas and issues in the theory surrounding testimonial literature, and to analyze the discussions that brought the genre to a close; these discussions did not take into account the fact that the theoretical-methodological crisis affected the field of testimonial studies but did not affect the creation of new testimonies. Hence, the theory of testimonial literature in Latin America emerged from two works (Biography of a Runaway Slave and I, Rigoberta Menchú), is based on the Marxist concept of class struggle, and acknowledges only one type. Testimonies that do not fit this model have lost importance or been ignored. Although testimonial studies have entered a crisis, new testimonies continue to be produced. Finally, we posit the need to rekindle the debate based on different corpora and other categories of analysis.
Received: 27-08-09 /Accepted: 24-09-09
How to reference this article:
Fernandez Benitez, H. M. (2010). “The moment of testimonio is over”: problemas teóricos y perspectivas de los estudios testimoniales . Íkala 15(1), pp.47-71.
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Campuzano, Betina Sandra. "Revelations and Silences: The Autobiography of a Slave by Juan Francisco Manzano and Biography of a Cimarrón by Miguel Barnet." Mitologías hoy 12 (December 31, 2015): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/mitologias.251.
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Ransome, Elizabeth. "Žizn´ gospodina de Mol´era de Mixail Bulgakov : roman historique ou biographie littéraire ?" Revue des études slaves 63, no. 3 (1991): 631–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/slave.1991.6001.
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Petrova, Maya. "On Medicine, Physicians, and Healers in Ancient Rome." Hypothekai 6 (2022): 40–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2022-6-6-40-77.
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The paper discusses the issue of the attitude towards medicine, physicians, and healers in Ancient Rome (1st – 5th centuries) based on ancient texts (Juv. Sat., Plin. Nat. Hist., Mart. Ep., etc.). It is shown that the profession of physician in Rome did not immediately receive recognition. The reasons for this are revealed: first, Romans did not consider medicine an art (science), and second, those who were associated with medicine were not Romans by origin and did not initially have civil rights. The collective biography of the Roman physician is reconstructed; it is based on the surviving testimonies about Anthonius Musa, Sextius Niger, Scribonius Largus, Rufus of Ephesus, Galen, Serenius Sammonius, Theodorus Priscianus, Adamantius, Marcellus Empiricus, and others. Information about their origin, names and nicknames, positions, social status, duties and rights, features of professional activity, subject and content of their medical texts is taken into account. Some provisions of the collective biography are as follows: 1) Roman physicians and people associated with medicine initially had the status of a slave; 2) As a rule, they received education either in Alexandria, or in special medical schools and temples-hospitals, or from famous teachers; 3) Some physicians were at emperors’ courts, had high titles, positions and privileges; 4) For the most part, physicians authored works written mainly in Greek, but also in Arabic and Latin; 5) The interests of physicians were connected with natural philosophy, medicine itself (theoretical and practical) and its fields, for example, physiology and pharmacology, as well as biology (botany); 6) In addition to medical practice, physicians’ occupations included teaching, mentoring, and sharing experience; collecting prescriptions and antidotes, inventing medical drugs; 7) The career of a physician (especially at the court of an emperor) could not always be successful. He could be expelled, forced to flee to a foreign country, or murdered.
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Schoenbrun, David Lee. "Using the White Fathers Archive: An Update." History in Africa 20 (1993): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171989.
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Nearly a decade has passed since Carol Dickerman wrote about the high points and practical considerations of working in this most important archival collection. With some recent changes at the Archives and the mere passage of time, an update is warranted.In August 1991 the longtime archivist, Father René Lamey, stepped down after decades of dedicated stewardship over a vast and growing collection of materials generated by the White Fathers since their founding in 1868. His encyclopedic knowledge and willing assistance to scholars will be missed by those who know him. Yet he has been replaced by Father Francois Renault, a scholar and archivist who knows the collection extremely well. Father Renault is more than familiar with the methods of African social scientists. He took a Doctorat d'Etat in history from the Sorbonne in 1971 and has spent some 12 years teaching at the Université d'Abidjan. He has published five books with foci on the Arab slave trade and is working on a sixth, which is to be a biography of the Order's founder, Cardinal Lavigerie. The fact that Father Renault is himself a productive scholar makes the task of explaining research strategies that much easier.
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Mcenaney, Tom. "Forgotten Histories of the Audiobook." Journal of Musicology 36, no. 4 (2019): 437–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2019.36.4.437.
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This article investigates the different affordances of magnetic tape and print as they are entextualized in various co(n)texts by writers, ethnographers, and musicians throughout the Americas in the late 1960s. I analyze printed books made from tape recordings—Cuban anthropologist Miguel Barnet and his interview subject Esteban Montejo’s Biografía de un cimarrón (Biography of a Runaway Slave, 1966), Rodolfo Walsh’s true-crime denunciation ¿Quién mató a Rosendo? (Who killed Rosendo?, 1968), and Andy Warhol’s experimental a: a novel (1968)—to ask why these writers transduced their recordings into print rather than release them as audiobooks, how or if listening to those tapes would alter the meaning of their printed entextualizations, and what musical interactions with the same media in the same contexts can tell us about the limits both of print and of symbolic musical notation. Tracing the intersection of musical and literary works, the article argues that a writerly ethics of distortion, rather than fidelity, arises from this mutual encounter with sound on tape, and ponders how dialogic audiobooks might contest older issues of power and representation for those writers, North and South, who worked in support of marginalized (Afro-Cuban, working class, and queer) subjects.
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Younis, Abdullah Bairam, and Amir Ahmed Hamad Amin. "social and cultural issues in ‘The Slave Yards’." Twejer 4, no. 1 (May 2021): 807–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2141.18.
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The novel of ‘The Slave Yards’ by Najwa Bin Shatwan, is not only a biographic of his daughter Atiqa, in which they were lived through depression, and misery. Also, it is not a narration of Libya’s history, while the novel is about the intellectual, social and cultural issues. The author tried to present that matters in a high level. In general, that novel can be distinguished with the other novels in numerous social references, and the ability to identify them in a narrative form, in which the social references are related to the relationships of individuals with each other. The author tried to control the events, and to link the role of the characters to each other. Also, the author presents the events which they are imposed by reality, and in any changes their real social meaning will be changed as well. In this regard, we highlight those issues into two points: the first one is highlighting the traditions and customs, and the second one is highlighting the folklore songs, myths, and religious places. Key Words: Slave Carpets, Social references, Myths, Popular Songs, Customs
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Geronimi, Valérie. "La Vie du roi serbe Étienne de Dečani : de la biographie serbe à la dénationalisation du texte hagiographique en Russie." Revue des études slaves 79, no. 1 (2008): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/slave.2008.7125.
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John P. McCarthy. "Pharsalia: An Environmental Biography of a Southern Plantation, 1780–1880, and: Joining Places: Slave Neighborhoods in the Old South (review)." Journal of the Early Republic 29, no. 2 (2009): 373–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.0.0086.
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Mérian, Jean-Yves. "Aluísio Azevedo e Portugal: uma ambígua relação." e-Letras com Vida: Revista de Estudos Globais — Humanidades, Ciências e Artes 04 (2020): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53943/elcv.0120_09.
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The reading of Aluísio Azevedo’s novels led many critics to consider that this Brazilian novelist had a very strong anti-Portuguese bias. This study aims to correct this assessment, based on the analysis of the biography of the writer from Maranhão (1857-1913). Son of Portuguese parents, he lived his childhood and adolescence in a patriarchal and slave society, dominated by Portuguese, Luso-Brazilian traders and by the rural oligarchy and the ultramontane Church. Self-taught, but raised in an educated family, he completed his training in Rio de Janeiro as a journalist and caricaturist, before asserting himself as a writer. He was greatly influenced by Portuguese intellectuals and writers, such as Ramalho Ortigão, Eça de Queirós, Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho and by the caricaturist Bordalo Pinheiro, whom he met in Rio de Janeiro and with whom he would maintain friendly relations throughout his life. In Rio de Janeiro, the author actively participated in the promotion of the work of Eça de Queirós, before asserting himself as the promoter of Naturalism in Brazil. For ten years, Azevedo was, alongside Ferreira de Araújo and Machado de Assis, one of the main activists in favor of signing a Portuguese-Brazilian copyright agreement that guaranteed equality and reciprocity between Brazilian and Portuguese authors.Thus, the letters sent to friends and quoted in this article deny the accusations of anti-Lusitanist by the author of O Mulato, Casa de Pensão and O Cortiço.
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McGUIRE, IAN. "“Who ain't a slave?”: Moby Dick and the Ideology of Free Labor." Journal of American Studies 37, no. 2 (August 2003): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875803007060.
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In October 1844, on returning to the United States after the four years at sea which became the basis of the majority of his early novels, Herman Melville discovered that his elder brother Gansevoort had become a political orator of national notoriety and a major figure in the Democratic presidential campaign of that year. Gansevoort Melville's political preferences, as widely reported in the newspapers of the day, were for a post-Jacksonian populism which denounced the aristocratic foppery of the Whigs and urged the immediate annexation of Texas in the name of free, white labor. His patriotic invocations of the virtues of salt-of-the-earth republicanism and the American workingman were, that year at least, hardly matched. Described in contemporary reports as “the orator of the human race” and “the great New York orator” he addressed audiences of thousands throughout New York State and at Democratic meetings as far afield as Tennessee and Ohio. He coined the respectful, evocative and adhesive nickname “Young Hickory” for James Polk the Democrat's presidential candidate and in August made a symbolic visit to the ailing Andrew Jackson. According to Hershel Parker, Melville's most recent and most exhaustive biographer, Herman spent the final days of the campaign with his brother probably participating in a huge torchlight procession through Manhattan and listening to his climactic election-night address in Newark, New Jersey.
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Vellinga, Marcel. "Merits and limits of the biographic approach." Archaeological Dialogues 6, no. 2 (December 1999): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800001422.
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In a well-known paper on ‘the cultural biography of things’, Kopytoff (1986) shows that the application of meaning to ‘things’ is of a processual rather than a fixed nature. Mainly focusing his attention on commodities, Kopytoff demonstrates that, like people, ‘objects’ such as slaves, cars, huts and paintings have a social life of their own. The biographies that may be drawn up of the lives of these objects may provide insight into the complex whole of political, economic, moral and aesthetic practices, values and relationships prevalent in the societies in which they are produced, used and discarded.
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Gao, Boya. "An Analysis of the Evolution of the Image of the Matchmaker: Centered on Biography of Yingying and The West Chamber." Yixin Publisher 2, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.59825/jhss.2024.2.2.1.
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The image of matchmaker has undergone earth-shaking changes from Biography of Yingying to The West Chamber. It has changed from an insignificant matchmaker to a full-fledged plot promoter, and has broken through the limitations of the image of slaves in previous novels. This paper compares the red lady in the two works, so as to clarify the change of the latter 's image, summarizes the reasons for the change of the red lady’s image from the social background, stylistic evolution and the author 's ideal sustenance, and then probes into the significance of the change of the red lady’s image.
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Stulov, Yuri V. "Contemporary African American Historical Novel." Literature of the Americas, no. 14 (2023): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2023-14-75-99.
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The paper discusses the works of African American writers of the end of the 1960s — the end of the 2010s that address the historical past of African Americans and explores the traumatic experience of slavery and its consequences. The tragedy of people subjected to slavery as well as their masters who challenged the moral and ethical norms has remained the topical issue of contemporary African American historical novel. Pivotal for the development of the genre of African American historical novel were Jubilee by the outstanding writer and poet Margaret Walker and the non-fiction novel Roots by Alex Haley. African American authors reconsider the past from today’s perspective making use of both the newly discovered documents and the peculiarities of contemporary literary techniques and showing a versatility of genre experiments, paying attention to the ambiguity of American consciousness in relation to the past. Toni Morrison combines the sacred and the profane, reality and magic while Ishmael Reed conjugates thematic topicality and a bright literary experiment connecting history with the problems of contemporary consumer society; Charles Johnson problematizes history in a philosophic tragicomedy. Edward P. Jones reconsiders the history of slavery in a broad context as his novel’s setting is across the whole country on a broad span of time. The younger generation of African American writers represented by C. Baker, A. Randall, C. Whitehead, J. Ward and other authors touches on the issues of African American history in order to understand whether the tragic past has finally been done with. Contemporary African American historical novel relies on documents, new facts, elements of fictional biography, traditions of slave narratives and in its range makes use of peculiarities of family saga, bildungsroman, political novel, popular novel enriching it with various elements of magic realism, parodying existing canons and sharp satire.
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Maal allah, Assist Prof Dr nidal Muayid. "Al-ShifaaBintAwf Her Biography and Relations with the Prophet Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i2.708.
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Al-Shafaa Bint Awf is a very noble follower of the prophet Muhammad ( PBUH) , but the sources give scant materials about her in comparison with the male followers or some females like Khadija and Aisha and other Prophet's glorious wives. Al-Shaffa was the mother of one of the earliest follower of the prophet , although her link with the prophet and the Sirah is back to much earlier date; Her family was connected with both families of Abd-Allah and Amina ( the parents of Muhammad). There are reports talking about her attendance of Muhammad's (PBUH) birth. She enjoyed very close ties with Muhammad and his family, and became one of the first believers in Islam. She also emigrated to the Medina and lived there with the company of her son Abd Al-Rahman. Lastly, there is a third aspect in the biography of Al-shaffa that was her death which is connected with an important Sunnah, that was Al-Itaka or ransoming of the dyed peoples by freeing slaves and giving money in charity of them.
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Nicolardi, Federica. "Vocabulary and practices of manumission in a fragment of the Life of Philonides (P. Herc. 1044)." Journal of Juristic Papyrology, no. 51 (January 8, 2022): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36389/uw.jjurp.51.2021.pp.67-81.
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The biographical work on Philonides of Laodikeia on the Sea in Syria (P. Herc. 1044+1715+1746) is not merely a source of information about the life of the philosopher, it also bears witness to both well-known and lesser-known aspects of Hellenistic history and civilization, not to mention the fact that it is an extremely rare and precious example of Hellenistic biography. This paper presents a new edition of a passage of the text in which references to vocabulary and procedures of Greek manumission can be detected, which suggest a parallel with papyrological and epigraphic documentary sources. This parallelism allows, in turn, to understand better the text of the papyrus and to supplement a technical term referring to relatives’ consent to the manumission of slaves.
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Troschinskaya-Stepushina, Tatyana Evgenjevna. "“I don’t want to be the slave...” To the 80 anniversary since the birth of Venedikt Erofeyev." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-1-43-53.
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On October 24, 2018 80 years since the birth of Venedikt Erofeyev - one of the most unusual Russian writers, thinkers and rebels of the XX century were executed. This article is devoted to identification and the description of the nature of creative intension of the writer. Besides, the stateof-the-art review of the main stages biographic and a career of V. Erofeyev is provided. It is proved that the main sense-forming milestones of the creative nature of the author are the following: sources (or injuries) which defined a drama vector of all course of life; gift as potentiality of the birth of creative energy; “madness” as original, original manifestation of identity and, at last, belief - a powerful moral and spiritual ancestor.
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Glass, Maeve Herbert. "Bringing Back the States: A Congressional Perspective on the Fall of Slavery in America." Law & Social Inquiry 39, no. 04 (2014): 1028–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12111.
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In the aftermath of America's Civil War, national lawmakers who chronicled the fall of slavery described the North as a terrain of states whose representatives assembled in Congress, as evidenced in Henry Wilson's The Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America (1872–77) and Alexander Stephens's A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States (1868–70). Beginning in the early 1900s, scholars who helped establish the field of American constitutional history redescribed the national government as the voice of the Northern people and the foe of the states, as evidenced in Henry Wilson's The Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America (1872–1877) and Alexander Stephens's A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States (1868–1870), a first generation of scholars writing during the Progressive Era redescribed the national government as the voice of the Northern people and the foe of the states, as evidenced in William A. Dunning's Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction (1898), John W. Burgess's The Civil War and the Constitution (1901–1906), and James G. Randall's Constitutional Problems Under Lincoln (1926). Although a second generation of scholars uncovered traces of the lawmakers' perspective of states, new efforts in the wake of the civil rights movement to understand the internal workings of political parties and the contributions of ordinary Americans kept the study of national lawmakers and their states on the margins of inquiry, as evidenced in leading revisionist histories of Reconstruction, including Harold Hyman's A More Perfect Union: The Impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the Constitution (1973), Michael Les Benedict's A Compromise of Principle: Congressional Republicans and Reconstruction, 1863–1869 (1974a), and Eric Foner's Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution (1988). Today, the terrain of Northern states remains in the backdrop, as illustrated in recent studies featuring the wartime national government, including James Oakes's Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865 (2012) and Mark E. Neely, Jr.'s Lincoln and the Triumph of the Nation: Constitutional Conflict in the American Civil War (2011), as well as studies of the mechanisms of constitutional change during Reconstruction, including relevant sections of Bruce Ackerman's We the People II: Transformations (1998) and Akhil Reed Amar's America's Constitution: A Biography (2005). This review essay argues that incorporating the states back into this century‐old framework will open new lines of inquiry and provide a more complete account of federalism's role in the fall of slavery. In particular, a return to the archives suggests that in the uncertain context of mid‐nineteenth‐century America, slavery's leading opponents in Congress saw the Constitution's federal logic not simply as an obstacle, but as a crucial tool with which to mobilize collective action and accommodate wartime opposition at a time when no one could say for sure what would remain of the United States.
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Gowers, Emily. "The Plot Thickens: Hidden Outlines in Terence's Prologues." Ramus 33, no. 1-2 (2004): 150–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x0000117x.
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The Vita Terenti, Suetonius' biography, presents Terence as the classic Republican self-made man. Born in Carthage on the margins of the empire, he is said to have been brought to Italy as part of the spoils of conquest (the very word for ‘spoils’, praeda, is used to describe him in the epigram or epitaph devoted to his memory in the Latin Anthology). Here is a rags to riches to rags again story: the Cinderella figure reading out his first play on a humble bench, then invited to join Caecilius, the comic toast of the town, at his high table; the pretty boy-slave who mingled suspiciously closely with Scipio and Laelius. Six perfect plays later, and varying degrees of success, at the age of twenty-five Terence was pitched into decline: he withdrew, he retired, he went into voluntary exile to Asia or to darkest Greece, he drowned at sea, in the middle of a valiant last attempt to bring a suitcase of Menander's plays to Italy, or else he died of grief at the loss of his baggage. The details vary, but the stories always return him to the margins he emerged from, leaving behind his exemplary dramatic products and his solid influence on the school curriculum for centuries to come. Of course this narrative has its improbable side (Suetonius himself is sceptical about the various reports): the name Afer does not necessarily mean that Terence was African; Caecilius had died two years before Terence's first play was performed; the rumours about men in high places ghost-writing for him have been lifted straight from one of the prologues. But take it on its own terms and it is a tale based on the fluid opportunities of the expanding Roman world, a tale of suspicion, integration and then rejection. Terence begins and ends as part of the flotsam of empire.
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Puzovic, Vladislav. "Jefrem Bojovic’s letters addressed to Nil Alexandrovich Popov." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 179 (2021): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2179347p.
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There are 19 unpublished letters written by latter bishop of Zica Jefrem Bojovic, preserved in The Manuscripts Department of The Russian State Library of Moscow. These letters, addressed to Nil Alexandrovich Popov, are part of a personal collection of this famous Russian scholar in the field of history and Slavic literature. Letters from this collection were written from 1874 until 1886, while Bojovic was a student at The Moscow Spiritual Academy and a professor in the Seminary of Belgrade. These letters are a great source for Bishop Jefrem?s biography, especially for understanding his relationships with Russia. They witness a sincere friendship with Popov, one of the most prominent people in relations between Serbs and Russians, during the second half of the 19th century. These letters are important in order to understand Bojovic?s point of view, regarding the issues of Serbian social, political and church life in the 9th decade of the 19th century. Serbian Government led Pro-Austrian politics during that period of time, which affected relationships within Serbian Church and society. The most significant consequence was an uncanonical replacement of the Serbian Metropolitan Mihailo (Jovanovic) and his hierarchy. Bojovic was the first source witness of these events, who was actively supporting Metropolitan Mihailo. During his studies in Russia, Jefrem Bojovic became a true lover of Slavs, which formed his further views. The mentioned documents were analyzed in this study for the first time, and they will hopefully enrich the biography of Jefrem Bojovic. This study should help us to understand better the occasions within the church, society and politics in Serbia during the ninth decade of the 19th century.
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Filimonova, Maria. "Charles Cotesworth Pinckney (1746–1825): Three-Time Presidential Candidate of the United States." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640020236-7.
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Charles Cotesworth Pinckney is one of the forgotten “founding fathers” of the United States. His diverse military, political and diplomatic activities have been poorly studied in American historiography and have received little attention on the part of Russian Americanists. The study of his biography is particularly relevant in the light of current trends in American society, where the activities of the “founding fathers” are viewed narrowly, solely through the prism of slavery and racism. Hence the aim of this article is to use the biography of a Southerner from the revolutionary era to illustrate how the defence of slavery could be combined with the values of classical republicanism and the principles of the Enlightenment in the worldview of the "founding fathers". The source base of the study is largely founded on the electronic archive of the Pinckney family, published by the University of Virginia. Publications of the debates of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and materials of the ratification campaign, as well as South Carolina periodicals were also used. From available sources, the author concludes that Pinckney followed the ethical models of classical republicanism. In politics, Pinckney aimed at a republic ruled by virtue and talent. However, like an ancient polis, Pinckney’s ideal state was a state of a free minority. From his point of view, freedom and equality had nothing to do with slaves. Nevertheless, he remained in history as one of the authors of the US Constitution, and as a diplomat who refused to submit to extortion by the French Directory. He ran for president of the United States three times and, although he lost each time, he emerged from the ordeal with an unblemished reputation, which was rare in a fiercely partisan struggle.
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Fraser, Ryan. "Past Lives of Knives: On Borges, Translation, and Sticking Old Texts." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 17, no. 1 (December 22, 2005): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011973ar.
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Abstract As a rule, translation “nurtures” a text, extends its genealogy across cultural and historical divides. The strange account of this article is perhaps the exception that proves the rule. We’ll see a seventy-year old Jorge Luis Borges put heads together with a young Harvard man by the name of Norman Thomas di Giovanni and “re-write the slate clean,” translate old texts for the purpose of “sticking it” to them, suppressing them, even consigning them to oblivion. The collaboration was a bit of inspired naughtiness that we’ll call “translational infamy.” It had enduring consequences, for the good and bad, on the characters populating Borges’s writings and his private life. This equation of translation and oblivion, we’ll see it play out in Borges’s older fictions, specifically Pierre Menard; in the editorial logistics of his collaboration with Di Giovanni; in the creation—and simultaneous translation—of new fictions (Brodie’s Report); and, perhaps most interestingly, in the details of his own biography.
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Kotsur, A. "EGYPTOLOGIST Ye. V. CHEREZOV (1912-1988) AND HIS SCIENTIFIC LEGACY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 140 (2019): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.140.7.
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The article deals with Yevgeniy Vikentiyovych Cherezov, the most important milestones of his life, with his scientific and pedagogical activity as well-known Ukrainian Egyptian, Doctor of Historical Sciences, professor, long time head of the Department of History of the Ancient World and Middle Ages of Chernivtsi University. The focus is on poorly researched pages of biography of a scientist and teacher. Separately are analyzed his scientific works, in particular, concerning Ancient Egypt. The scientist’s publication has been characterized the problems of decoding of Egyptian hieroglyphs on sphinxes; land relations; the situation of ancient Egyptian slaves and various categories of peasants; tax system; the classification and description of agricultural tools of Ancient Egypt; development of fisheries; economy and state system of the period of the Ancient kingdom and others like that. The article focuses on the monograph by Ye. Cherezov "Agriculture Engineering in Ancient Egypt". An assessment is given on the scientific heritage of the prominent Ukrainian Egyptologist.