Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biogenese de membrane externe'
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Beaud, Basile. "Exploring outer membrane biogenesis in terrabacteria." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6529&f=73108.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is essential for numerous cellular functions, including maintaining structural integrity, cell division, motility, nutrient uptake, and communication. It also plays a key role in bacterial pathogenicity, making its assembly and maintenance a critical area of research for new antimicrobial development. Bacterial envelopes exhibit a significant dichotomy, unique to the bacterial domain, between monoderm (single membrane) and diderm (double membrane) structures. Traditionally, this divide has been classified as 'Gram-positive' (monoderm) and 'Gram-negative' (diderm). Historically, it was thought that diderm bacteria evolved from monoderms through a gradual increase in complexity. However, recent phylogenomic studies challenge this view, suggesting that the last bacterial common ancestor (LBCA) was already a diderm, and that the shift to a monoderm architecture occurred through multiple independent losses of the outer membrane (OM). Interestingly, all these diderm-to-monoderm transitions are confined to the Terrabacteria subdomain, which includes phyla such as Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The reasons for these OM losses specifically in Terrabacteria remain unknown but may be linked to unknown mechanisms unique to the OM biogenesis in this group. In my thesis, I studied the outer membrane biogenesis of two Terrabacteria model. The first model is Veillonella parvula, a diderm from the human microbiome that belongs to the Firmicutes which are better known for their monoderm models (Bacillus, Staphylococcus). I characterized two genes of unknown function (lap1 and lap2) which were previously associated to diderms in a bioinformatical analyses and found that they were involved in OM biogenesis and localized at the cytoplasmic membrane and OM respectively. Surprisingly, the deletions mutant of Lap1-2 was suppressed by lipid biosynthesis genes including a recently identified ether-lipid synthesis enzyme PlsA. While I could not associate the function of plsA in OM biogenesis, I could demonstrate its function in oxidative stress resistance for the first time in Bacteria. I also used a differential colorimetric assay between the WT and plsA deletion mutants to develop CRISPR/Cas9 using plsA as a target. I also identified a putative a new type of glycerophospholipid transporter and obtained preliminary data suggesting it becomes essential in a genomic background devoid of all copies of the recently discovered glycerophospholipid transporter family AsmA-like supporting its putative role. I also showed that AsmA-like proteins have higher copy numbers in Gracilicutes while Terrabacteria often have a single copy or none suggesting the existence of more glycerophospholipid transporters than previously known. Interestingly the newly identified putative transporter was more abundant in Terrabacteria. The second model I studied is Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterium belonging to the phylum Deinococcota and whose envelope differs significantly from classical diderm models. I was able to retrace the evolutionary history of the lipopolysaccharide transporter Lpt in Deinococcota as I showed that it duplicated in this phylum with one complex predicted to be involved in LPS transport while the other was predicted to possess an unknown substrate. I showed that Deinococcota have lost LPS three times independently and studied the function of both Lpt transporters in D. radiodurans which has lost LPS. I found that the complex which used to be involved in LPS transport was not crucial to the physiology of D. radiodurans while the other complex led to grave defects in the bacterium when deleted. I suggested that this second complex is involved in lipoprotein export to the surface based on suppressor assays, cryo-EM and mass spectrometry
Yang, Yiying. "Mécanismes de biogenèse et de maintien de la membrane externe des bactéries à Gram négatif." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30279.
Full textGram-negative bacteria include a number of dreadful animal pathogens that are particularly resistant to antibiotic therapies thanks to the sheltering function of their bacterial envelope. The envelope is composed of an inner and an outer membrane (IM and OM), and the separating periplasm containing the peptidoglycan (PG). The outer leaflet of the OM bilayer largely consists of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that forms a permeability barrier against toxic molecules, including detergents and small hydrophobic molecules. Nutrients are transported via OM-spanning proteins (OMPs). Other OMPs perform envelope biogenesis functions, including the assembly of OMPs and LPS. OMPs are assembled into the OM by the beta-barrel assembly machinery (BAM), a heteropentamer containing the essential OMP BamA and four lipoproteins BamBCDE. The assembly of LPS requires another essential OMP, LptD, which stably associates with the lipoprotein LptE. Defective assembly of OMPs causes envelope stress and renders Gram-negative bacteria sensitive to antibiotics and detergents. Hence, the BAM complex represents a promising target for the development of new therapies. The mechanistic details of how the BAM complex functions ensuring efficient OM biogenesis are only marginally understood. By using a quantitative mass-spectrometry strategy the hosting lab has recently identified two novel putative interactors of the BAM complex of Escherichia coli, the lipoproteins DolP (formerly YraP) and YifL, both of unknown functions. The aim of this PhD thesis work was to characterize the roles of DolP and YifL at the BAM complex. DolP is a ~20 kDa OM lipoprotein that localizes in the periphery of E. coli cells and accumulates at the mid-cell specifically during a late step of cell division. DolP is upregulated during envelope stress caused by the accumulation of unfolded OMPs in the periplasm. Whether DolP plays any role in OMP biogenesis, however, was unknown. In this study, by using a genetic screen, we have shown that DolP is critical for the fitness of cells that undergo envelope stress. We have demonstrated that an increment of BamA in the OM, which is also upregulated during envelope stress, is potentially toxic for the cells. We provide evidence that DolP promotes proper folding and function of BamA thereby counteracting its toxicity. The mid-cell recruitment of DolP had been linked to regulation of septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis by an unknown mechanism. Our study reveals that during envelope stress DolP loses its association with the mid-cell, thus revealing a mechanistic link between impaired OMP biogenesis and a late step of cell division (Ranavaco-first; Yangco-first; Orenday-Tapiaco-first, et al., 2021). Next the BAM-YifL interaction was characterized. We showed that the ~7 kDa YifL interacts with BamA and BamD. Interestingly, we have found that YifL also interacts with the LPS secretory machinery LptDE, which is assembled by the BAM complex into the OM
Namdari, Fatémeh. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de BamB, protéine impliquée dans la biogénèse de la membrane externe et la virulence de Salmonella." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4005/document.
Full textBamB is an outer-membrane lipoprotein belonging to the BAM complex (β-Barrel Assembly Machinery). In Salmonella, it is involved in the assembly of outer membrane proteins (OMP), in antibiotic susceptibility, in the transcriptional control of the three Type-Three-Secretion-Systems (T3SS) related genes and also in virulence. In E. coli, BamB interacts directly with the BamA protein. Moreover, BamB has been shown to have a serine-threonin kinase activity in this bacterium. In order to better characterize the roles of the BamB protein, our purposes were to study (1) the impact of the alteration of the interaction of BamB with the BAM complex or of its cytoplasmic sequestration and (2) its putative kinase activity in Salmonella. Our results show that some of the BamB roles are dissociable and that the BamA/BamB interaction is not required for T3SS expression, Salmonella virulence or OMP assembly in the outer membrane. Currently, neither a kinase activity nor a cytoplasmic activity has been clearly demonstrated for this protein
Fardini, Yann. "Étude du contrôle de l’expression des systèmes de sécrétion de type III, généré par l’inactivation du gène yfgL codant une lipoprotéine de la membrane externe, chez Salmonella Enteritidis." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR3301/document.
Full textSalmonella, responsible for typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, is a worldwide health problem. Type three secretion system (TTSS) are crucial virulence factors in Salmonella. Our work showed that deletion of the open reading frame yfgL led to a transcriptional down-regulation of the genes encoding the proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the 3 TTSS in Salmonella Enteritidis. It was shown that inactivation of yfgL whose encoded protein is in complex with YaeT, YfiO, NlpB and SmpA in E. coli, causes an outer membrane alteration. In S. Enteritidis, we observed that the role of the “YaeT” complex in outer membrane protein assembly is conserved in S. Enteritidis. In addition, only yfiO inactivation resulted in a down-expression of the TTSS. However, we presented elements suggesting that the outer membrane protein targeting defect was not responsible for the TTSS down-expression observed in the yfgL and yfiO mutants
Mayerhofer, Peter Uli. "Functional characterization of the human peroxins PEX3 and PEX19, proteins essential for early peroxisomal membrane biogenesis." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969361378.
Full textSpagnolo, Jennifer. "Le Pilus Conjugatif de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : Caractérisation des éléments de membrane externe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4010.
Full textThe P. aeruginosa PA14 strain is a highly virulent human isolate. PA14 possesses two pathogenicity islands. The 108-kb pathogenicity island PAPI-1 is an integrative and conjugative element (ICE), capable of self-transferring to any recipient Pseudomonas strain, by a conjugative mechanism. The transfer mechanism is mediated by a Type IVb pilus, encoded within the PAPI-1 Island. My PhD work aimed to characterize this Type IVb pilus (Pil-PAPI-1) at a molecular level. The pil2 locus is poorly expressed under laboratory condition. I, first, introduced a constitutive promoter to turn on expression of the pil2 locus. I demonstrated that 9 of the 10 genes are required for DNA transfer. Then, I initiated the characterization of components forming the conjugation machinery. I characterized the products of pilL2 and pilN2 genes. I demonstrated that PilL2 is an OM protein and protruding in the periplasm. This protein is essential for the functionality (DNA transfer) of the conjugative TFPb machinery. Despite its predicted lipoprotein-hallmarks, none of the mutations engineered were able to abrogate the OM-localization of PilL2. We also demonstrated that PilL2 forms an OM sub-complex with PilN2, the secretin of the system. We provide evidence that PilN2 forms stable multimers, which presents the features of a liposecretin, capable of self-insertion and self-multimerization in the OM. We demonstrated that while the N-terminus of the mature PilN2 is required for the formation of a functional pore, it is not involved in interaction with PilL2. These results suggest that PilL2 and PilN2 could form new type of OM sub-complex in the TFPb family
Tremblay, Mireille. "Identification et caractérisation antigénique des protéines de la membrane externe de l'Haemophilus influenzae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ55884.pdf.
Full textBoissinot, Maurice. "Analyse antigénique de la membrane externe de Legionella pneumophila serogroupes 1 à 8." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33498.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
PERNOT, LUCILE. "Etude structurale d'une proteine de la membrane externe de la bacterie neisseria meningitidis." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112216.
Full textJUIN, PHILIPPE. "Implication du canal cationique de la membrane externe dans la translocation des proteines mitochondriales." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066630.
Full textFontaine, Eric. "Contrôle de l'oxydation phosphorylante : modifications du couplage et rôle de la membrane mitochondriale externe." Grenoble 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10137.
Full textBowden, Raul Alberto. "Antigènes de la membrane externe de brucella : étude immunochimique et évaluation de l'activité protectrice." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4025.
Full textBillecocq, Agnes. "Interaction in vitro de lipides exogènes avec la membrane externe des schistosomules de Schistosoma mansoni." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077007.
Full textTiivel, Toomas. "Etude du contrôle de la respiration mitochondriale des cellules musculaires : rôle de la membrane externe." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10091.
Full textRondelet, Arnaud. "Caractérisation d'une nouvelle voie d'adressage des protéines à la membrane externe des bactéries à Gram négatif." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833222.
Full textCHIC, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Un nouveau canal ionique mitochondrial : blocage par une sequence d'adressage et localisation sur la membrane externe." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066449.
Full textChevalier, Gilles. "Purification et caractérisation de la porine majoritaire (porine h) de la membrane externe de Pasteurella multocida." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10058.
Full textNars, Guillaume. "Dynamique fonctionnelle des protéines : études d'une lipase et d'une protéine A de la membrane externe de bactérie." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30111/document.
Full textUnderstanding the function of proteins and biological systems requires an accurate knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance provide a detailed description of these mechanisms, with an atomic resolution, by providing data on both structures and motions. We investigated two proteins, the lip2 lipase from the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and the membrane protein OmpA from the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. We tried to produce lip2 with uniform and amino-acid specific stable isotope labelling on its functional loop (the lid) for NMR experiments. The homologous recombinant expression in Yarrowia lipolytica turned out to be the most efficient for uniform labelling but failed for specific labelling due to extensive isotope scrambling. We solved the structure of OmpA C-terminal domain by X-ray crystallography, and analyzed its dynamics in solution by NMR (15N relaxation techniques). We characterized its transmembrane N-terminal domain in proteoliposomes by solid state NMR: using state of the art ultra-fast MAS (60 kHz), 1H detection and a 1 GHz spectrometer, we could assign most ?-barrel resonances and establish a NH order parameter profile. In a complementary approach, we used proteolysis to reveal a unique trypsin cleavage site on the extracellular loop 3. Finally, a first characterization of the full-length protein expressed in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli was initiated by solid state NMR on intact outer membranes
Vlerick, Ariane. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle du canal anionique OEP21 de la membrane externe de l'enveloppe des chloroplastes chez Spinacia oleracea." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211576.
Full textDargent, Bénédicte. "Contribution à l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle des protéines formant des pores de la membrane externe d'Escherichia coli." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22098.
Full textDargent, Bénédicte. "Contribution à l'étude structurale et fonctionnelle des protéines formant des pores de la membrane externe d'Escherichia coli." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604275s.
Full textNasri, Nacera. "Contribution à l'étude des protéines de la membrane externe des bactéroides du groupe fragilis : Isolement et mise en évidence." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP738S.
Full textCollin, Séverine. "Mécanisme d'adressage à la membrane externe d'Escherichia coli de la sécrétine PulD du système de sécrétion de type II." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077072.
Full textThe outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria is composed of two main protein classes. Beta-barrel proteins are chaperoned in the periplasm by SurA, Skp and DegP and adressed to the outer membrane where their insertion is dependent on the Bam complex (beta-barrel assembly machinery). Lipoproteins (proteins anchored in the lipid bilayer via three fatty acids) are targeted via the Loi machinery (localisation of outer membrane lipoprotein). The periplasmic shuttle LolA transfers the lipoprotein to the outer membrane receptor LolB, responsible for the fatty acid insertion in the membrane. The secretin PulD, a dodecamer complex of SOOKDa, of the Klebsiella oxytoca type II secretion System, is part of another class of protein: the largest proteins of the outer membrane. In order to understand the targeting and assembly mecanism PulD in the periplasm and at the outer membrane, we first investigated thé général assembly pathway. We showed that multimerisation and the insertion of PulD in the outer membrane is independent of the Bam machinery. The minor role of the general chaperons in the periplasm remain to be further described. Then, we studied the relation between PulD and its specific chaperon lipoprotein, PulS. We could highlight for the first time the targeting of an integral, non-lipidated outer membrane protein by the Loi machinery by identifying a periplasmic complex formed by LolA, PulS (or pilotin) and PulD
GARNIER, CATHERINE. "Etude de la biogenese et de la topologie de l'uracile permease, une proteine de la membrane plasmique de la levure saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066369.
Full textCadieux, Nathalie. "Clonage, caractérisation et évaluation du potentiel protecteur d'une protéine hautement conservée de la membrane externe de Neisseria meningitidis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26652.pdf.
Full textCaillet-Saguy, Célia. "Etude de l'interaction de l'hémophore HasAsm avec ses partenaires : l'hème et le récepteur spécifique de membrane externe HasR." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077185.
Full textThe extracellular hemophore HasA from S. Marcescens is a heme carrier protein that extracts heme from host hemoproteins and shuttles it to a specific outer membrane receptor HasR. In HasA, heme iron is ferric and has an original coordination with a Histidine 32/Tyrosine 75 axial ligands pair. A third residue of the binding pocket, H83, forms a tight hydrogen bond with Y75, increasing the tyrosinate character of Y75 and stabilizing the Y75-heme iron coordination. Wild-type and mutated holoproteins, H32A, Y75A and H83A, were characterized by UV, NMR, rR and EPR spectroscopies. Using 13C/15N-direct detection NMR experiments, optimized for paramagnetic proteins, it has been possible to assign backbone nuclei and Cb of holoHasA. Resonances of the axial ligands have been detected by 1D NMR experiments. We have shown that HasA presents a thermal high spin/low spin equilibrium related to the modulation of the strength of the heme iron-Y75 axial ligand coordination bond which is modulated by the Y75-H83 H-bond. In the Y75A mutant, H83 becomes an alternatif ligand. In the H83A mutant, removal of H83 causes detachment of the Y75 ligand, thus giving rise to a series of pH dependent equilibria among species with different axial ligation. The five coordinated species detected at physiological pH, with H32 as axial ligand, may represent a possible intermediate of the heme transfer mechanism to the membrane receptor HasR. The heme release process from HasA to HasR were investigated by CRINEPT-TROSY HSQC NMR experiments on apoHasA-HasR and holoHasA-HasR complexes in DPC micelles allowing the mapping of the regions of HasA involved in the HasA-HasR interaction
Tran, Que-Tien. "Résistance par modification de la perméabilité membranaire chez Proteus et Providencia : Caractérisation des composantes de la membrane externe." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20727.
Full textDelgado, Zambrano Luis Fernando. "Bioréacteur à membrane externe pour le traitement d'effluents contenant des médicaments anticancéreux : élimination et influence du cyclophosphamide et de ses principaux métabolites sur le procédé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT005G/document.
Full textIn hospital or pharmaceutical discharges, but also in wastewater treatment plants and more generally in the aquatic environment, toxics pollutants have been identified. Some pharmaceuticals are not completely eliminated in the municipal wastewater treatment plants and are discharged as contaminants into receiving waters. The application of membrane bioreactor process is investigated here with the aim of evaluating the potential for removal of cyclophosphamide (CP). In this study, two membrane bioreactors (MBR) were operated: one of the MBR served as a control, whereas to the other CP and its main metabolites were continuously added. Two sludge retention times were assessed, 50 days and 70 days. Removal of CP in a MBR and its effects on the membrane performance, COD and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency were studied. CP and 4-Ketocyclophosphamide removals up to 80% were achieved under studied operating conditions. The sludge adsorption and biodegradation (cometabolism) play an important role in the process of CP removal. CP and its metabolites toxicity do not alter COD and total nitrogen removal efficiency of MBRs. However, it induces a modification of the biological suspended solids and in doing so a modification on the membrane fouling: a decrease in the production of sludge MBR CP compared to MBR control is observed; the presence of CP and its main metabolites stimulates mechanisms of protection and production of EPS with a slightly higher production of polysaccharides than proteins. The results underline that the response of activated sludge to shear stress is dependent on the presence of these molecules. This study demonstrates the interest of MBR to treat this type of effluent and reduce the pollution released into the environment
FEVRE, FLORENCE. "Etude electrophysiologique, analyse de la sensibilite aux peptides d'adressage et reconstitution du canal cationique de la membrane externe mitochondriale." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112305.
Full textGodefroy, Sylvie. "Immunisation transcutanée : évaluation de l'efficacité de kpOmpA (protéine de la membrane externe de Klebsiella pneumoniae), une nouvelle protéine porteuse." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10173.
Full textNader, Mirella. "Assimilation du fer chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa : étude du mécanisme de transport de la Pyoverdine ferrique à travers la membrane externe." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6120.
Full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is Gram negative opportunistic human pathogen that infects injured, immunodeficient and otherwise compromised patients. Under conditions of iron limitation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes a fluorescent siderophore named pyoverdine (Pvd) that chelates iron in the extracellular medium. The Pvd-Fe complex is then transported into the bacterium via the outer membrane TonB dependent receptor termed FpvA. This receptor consists of a membrane-spanning b-barrel occluded by a plug domain, which in its resting state leaves no space for an iron-loaded siderophore to pass through. The N-terminal extension of FpvA is involved in a signaling pathway that regulates the expression of the FpvA protein and its siderophore. Although the crystal structure of FpvA receptor is solved, the transfer mechanism of Pvd-Fe complex across the outer membrane of the bacteria has not been determined so far. A two-gated system has been proposed for the translocation of ferric-siderophore across the outer membrane. The first gate consists of the extracellular loops trapping Pvd-Fe in its binding site, and the second consists of the plug closing the barrel. The opening of the second gate is an energy-consuming process involving the inner membrane TonB complex. During my Ph. D thesis I studied the transport mechanism through the TonB dependent outer membrane receptor FpvA, and I characterized a second receptor termed FpvB The molecular determinants for specificity in Pvd-FpvA interactions were investigated through structural and biochemical approaches. The extracellular loops involved in the recognition of the Pvd-iron complex were identified using site directed mutagenesis, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). To get more insight on the translocation mechanism through the FpvA receptor, the ability of a reconstituted FpvA receptor obtained by cosynthesis of separately encoded plug and barrel domains to bind and transports Pvd-Fe was studied. Furthermore, the FpvA signaling, plug and barrel domains were characterized in vivo and the in vitro interactions between the purified FpvA domains and the proteins involved in the iron uptake machinery notably the periplasmic part of the TonB protein were studied. An additional pyoverdine receptor termed FpvB was described recently. Little is known about the Pvd-Fe uptake mechanism via this receptor, therefore FpvB was characterized at the molecular and functional level. FpvA and FpvB receptors are differentially expressed, and their expression is regulated differently. We showed that FpvB receptor transports Pvd-Fe with the same affinity as FpvA but, the identification of the elements involved in the uptake across the inner membrane remains to be identified combining molecular and functional approaches
ANFLOUS, KELTOUM. "Controle de la respiration mitochondriale au niveau des muscles stries : role de la creatine kinase et de la membrane externe." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077165.
Full textCharbit, Alain. "Topologie fonctionnelle de lamb : une proteine de membrane externe d'e. coli k12. implications pour la mise au point de vaccins bacteriens." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077019.
Full textMeli, Albano Carlo. "Relations structure/activité des protéines de membrane externe impliquées dans la sécrétion de type V chez les bactéries à Gram négatif." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON13514.
Full textGonçalves, Rui Pedro de Sousa Vieira. "Microscopie à force atomique de protéines membranaires : application à l'étude de membranes photosynthétiques et à la membrane externe de la mitochondrie : développement de l'AFM à deux chambres." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066696.
Full textSayada, Chalom. "Etude de la variabilité du gène de la protéine majeure de membrane externe chez "Chlamydia" spp : implications taxonomiques, épidémiologiques, physiopathologiques et vaccinales." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114817.
Full textBenevides, Matos Najla. "Rôle des protéines paralogues TonB et HasB dans le transport de l'hème par le récepteur de membrane externe HemR de Serratia marcescens." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077163.
Full textIn Gram-negative bacteria, molecules, including ferri-siderophores, iron, vitamin B 12 or heme, are transported through the outer membrane by specific receptor. This transportation activity requires the energy provided by the inner membrane complex TonB/ExbB/ExbD. Two components, ExbB, and ExbD use the proton motive force to produce energy. The third component, TonB, which transmit energy, interacts with the outer membrane receptors by peptide sequence located near their N-terminus end. This preserved consensus sequence DTLWTA, is named TonB box. Serratia marcescens has 2 functional TonB paralogs, TonB and HasB. TonB is able to transmit the energy of the complex TonB/ExbB/ExbD to receptors involved in the transport of iron or heme in Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coll. On the other hand HasB, whose gene is located in an operon encoding for the component of the Has heme uptake System (has operon), is functional for the heme acquisition via the HasR receptor but cannot substitute TonB for the transporter the ferrisiderophores in Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. This raises the question of the level of the HasB specificity: is this a specificity with respect to the various heme transport Systems of Serratia marcescens or a strict specificity with respect to HasR? To answer this question, the second heme receptor (HemR) of S. Marcescens, was cloned and its activity characterized in Escherichia coli. HemR was shown to be active in the presence of TonB, but not with HasB. This result shows that HasB and HasR form a specific pair. Using mutants we studied, the contribution of the various Systems to the heme uptake process in Serratia marcescens. The Has and Hem Systems are the only functional heme transporter in Serratia marcescens. The Has System is more efficient but requires a higher iron deficiency. In absence its cognate hemophore, the heme uptake activity of the HasA System is dramatically, decreased. The Has System activity is almost completely abolished in absence of HasB. The quantity of HasR receptor in Serratia marcescens is strongly decreased in hasB mutant similarly with a hasA mutant. Using a transcriptional fusion between the has operon promoter and the lacZ gene, we showed that the has operon expression level is strongly decreased in a hasB mutant. The absence of activity of heme transport activity of the Has System in hasA and hasB mutants, is correlated with a sharp decrease of the has operon expression level. We propose the following scénario for the heme transport in Serratia marcescens. In an iron containing medium has, and hem operons are not expressed. In the presence of iron depletion, the Hem System can transport heme. In the presence of iron deficiency, and when the heme concentration is very low, the Has System transports heme thanks to thé activity of the hemophore HasA
PELLESCHI, MARC. "Comparaison des proprietes electrophysiologiques des canaux de la membrane externe de la mitochondrie. Individualisation et caracterisation du canal cationique sensible aux peptides." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066218.
Full textAudonnet, Jean-Christophe Francis. "Protéines de la membrane externe régulées par le fer chez Escherichia coli : clonage, expression et propriétés de Iut A et Fep A." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10036.
Full textDELIE, PRIEUR ANNE. "Profils en page-sds des proteines de membrane externe et des proteines solubles du contenu cellulaire de 14 souches de bilophila wadsworthia." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2P029.
Full textBerkane, Emir. "Étude de l'interaction entre GpJ, une protéine du bactériophage Lambda et LamB, une protéine de la membrane externe des bactéries gram-négatives." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30005.
Full textThe bacteriophage lambda is a virus which infects bacteria carrying the LamB protein in their outer membrane. GpJ, a protein of the tail of the phage, is involved in the binding to LamB. The study of the interaction between gpJ expressed as fusion protein and LamB was performed in order to investigate the interaction between the bacteriophage Lambda and LamB. The interaction between the C-terminal extremity of gpJ and LamB was also demonstrated on planar lipid bilayer experiments, an electroph-ysiological technic, and on SDS-PAGE and immunodetection. Furthermore, the use of variants of LamB allowed to demontrate that the C-terminal fragment of gpJ does not bind to residues on the outer loops L4, L6 and L9 that are necessary for the interaction with the bacteriophage Lambda
Audonnet, Jean-Christophe. "Protéines de la membrane externe régulées par le fer chez Escherichia coli clonage, expression et propriétés de Iut A et Fep A /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611354k.
Full textEL, MAANNI AMINA. "Etude du role du phosphatidylglycerol dans la biogenese et l'organisation fonctionnelle de la membrane photosynthetique chez quatre mutants de chlamydomonas reinhardtii affectes dans le metabolisme des lipides." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112378.
Full textDorbani, Latifa. "Interaction in vitro microtubules - mitochondries dans le cerveau de rat : etude de l'organisation de la membrane mitochondriale externe et de la distribution des sites de liaison de map2 au niveau de cette membrane." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13178.
Full textDorbani, Latifa. "Interaction in vitro microtubules-mitochondries dans le cerveau de rat étude de l'organisation de la membrane mitochondriale externe et de la distribution de sites de liaison de MAP2 au niveau de cette membrane." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375972667.
Full textMalandrin, Laurence. "Les protéines de surface de pseudomonas syringae (sensu lato) : description, variabilité et application taxonomique." Angers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ANGE0015.
Full textSakamoto, Chizuko. "Study of the regulatory network of the surface autotransported adhesin antigen 43 in escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077205.
Full textAg43 is an outer-membrane protein enabling E. Coli to auto-aggregate. It promotes the formation of biofilms and is implicated in the persistence of uropathogenic E. Coli strains in the urinary tract. This adhesin is regulated by a mechanism of phase variation which is very well-documented : the expression of agn43 results of the competition between the Dam methylase (activator) and the transcriptional regulator OxyR (repressor). Fiente, sister-cells can either express agn43 (phase ON) or not (phase OFF). Up-to-date, this is the only known mechanism of regulation of agn43, although the in vivo role of phase variation is still poorly understood. Although the agn43 regulatory switch leads to a heterogeneous population of ON and OFF bacteria, studies of Ag43 seldom consider potential biases associated with phase variation. We monitored agn43 ON/OFF phase-variation status genetically and phenotypically and we show that the use of populations with random agn43 ON or OFF status could result in misleading conclusions about Ag43 function or regulation. In particular, we demonstrate that Lrp and MqsR, previously identified as agn43 regulators, do not regulate agn43 expression or ON/OFF switch frequency. We also show that biofilm formation in dynamic flow conditions does not influence agn43 ON/OFF switching but physically selects aggregating agn43 ON cells. This indicates that misinterpretation is possible when studying gene expression within biofilms. Moreover, we provide evidence that ignoring the initial agn43 ON/OFF status of the E. Coli populations studied is likely to bias analyses of phenotypes associated with other E. Coli adhesins thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring Ag43 phase-variation. On another hand, we show that the two-component system CpxAR (or Cpx), implicated in periplasmic stress response, can modulate the function of Ag43- mediated auto-aggregation. We have determined that the Cpx system is not directly regulating Ag43 expression, stability nor its translocation to the surface but rather indirectly by a `masking/unmasking' mechanism via the expression of type 1 fimbriae (fim operon), another major phase-variable adhesin of E. Coli. Moreover, we have shown that the expression offim induces the Cpx system via the lipoprotein N1pE, inducer of the Cpx system, which is involved in surface sensing, providing the first evidence of a negative feedback of type 1 fimbriae on their own expression. Furthermore, our results tend to show that OxyR is also a repressor offim expression making it a master regulator of the phase-variable adhesins of E. Coli (Ag43 and Fim). This study therefore provides a new insight into Ag43 regulation in particular regarding its interactions with other adhesins
Douchin, Véronique. "Adaptation aux stress et modulation des proteines d’enveloppe par des arn non-codants chez eschérichia coli." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112089.
Full textIn Escherichia coli, adaptation to extra-cytoplasmic stress depends on the activation of sigmaE, normally sequestered by the membrane protein RseA. SE is released in response to stress generated by accumulation of denatured proteins in periplasm through the successive RseA cleavage by DegS and the RIP protease RseP. SE and proteases that free it from RseA are essential. We isolated a multicopy suppressor that alleviated RseP and DegS requirement. The suppressor encodes a novel small non-coding RNA, RseX. Its activity and its stability require the RNA-binding protein Hfq. In order to identify mRNA RseX-targets, we developed an in vitro screen to capture RseX putative partners. OmpA and ompC mRNA, which encode two major outer membrane proteins, were identified. RseX activity was shown to confer an Hfq-dependent coordinate OmpA and OmpC down-regulation. We show that RseP is no longer essential in a strain lacking OmpA and OmpC; we conclude that the suppression phenotype is explained by the loss of toxicity of these two specific outer membrane proteins, giving the adaptation to extra-cytoplasmic stress signaling pathway partially dispensable. This work contributes to reveal the importance of quantity control of outer membrane proteins by regulatory small RNAs in the maintenance of envelope integrity
Moumene, Amal. "Caractérisation de déterminants moléculaires du pouvoir pathogène d'Ehrlichia ruminantium : rôle du système de sécrétion de type IV et des protéines de la membrane externe." Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0818.
Full textIdentify the molecular determinants of pathogenic bacteria and understand how they are controlled to allow adaptation to the environment and the host is crucial to develop innovative control methods and provide therapeutic alternatives. Ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligate intracellular bacterium of the family Anaplasmataceae, vectored by ticks of the genus Amblyomma and causing heartwater, a fatal disease of ruminants. As part of this thesis, we characterized some determinants of pathogenicity E. Ruminantium three levels of resolution different. A comprehensive approach without preconceptions, first of all we determined the proteome of the outer membrane of the infectious form of E. Ruminantium. This study will allowed to have a better vision of the architecture of the outer membrane, which is the first interface exchanges between the bacterium and its host cell. Then we showed the function of ErxR as a central regulator of the type IV secretion system (SST4) and map1 multigene family for integrating environmental signals that are iron deficiency and acidity of the medium. In addition, this work has established for the first link between Map1 proteins of the outer membrane and the SST4 and suggests that may have a direct role in virulence. Finally, an in silico analysis using the software S4TE led to the characterization of Erip1, the first effector SST4 E. Ruminantium. This effector phosphorylated tyrosines and injected into the nucleus of the host cell, removed no homology in the databases and may therefore represent a new family of nucleomodulines. Protein partners and identification of intracellular targets of the effector will better understand how E. Ruminantium manipulates the host cell to its advantage. Finally, channels of the characterization of signaling targeted Erip1 be instructive on the cellular response to infection E. Ruminantium
Stricot, Marlène. "Bioréacteurs à membranes à configuration externe : influence de la configuration du procédé sur la structuration des matrices biologiques et le colmatage des membranes." Toulouse, INSA, 2008. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000222/.
Full textThis study describes and analyses the impact of two side-stream membrane bioreactors on (1) the structure and the morphology of the biological aggregates, (2) fouling mechanisms and (3) global performances of the two processes. Two side-stream membrane bioreactors which generate very different shear stresses were compared. The first one was operated in an inside/out crossflow filtration mode with a high liquid velocity (5 m. S-1). The second reactor was working in an outside/in hollow fibre filtration mode with a low liquid velocity (< 0,1 m. S-1). Firstly, the effect of the configuration, in terms of filtration mode and hydrodynamics, on the sludge properties has been characterised for the two reactors. The investigation of the structuration mechanisms and supernatant quality reveals clear differences as well on bioflocs morphology/structure as on supernatant composition (COD, proteins, polysaccharides). The role of soluble /colloidal organics and more specifically of proteins and polysaccharides on (a) fouling ability of the sludge and (b) in situ short term fouling was underlined. The effect of toxic compounds on biological activity and membrane fouling was specifically characterised. At least, global performances of the two bioreactors in long term operation time were studied. The water treatment efficiency, in terms of organics and toxics removal, as well as sludge production of the two processes, was compared