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1
Do, T. C. V., and H. W. Scherer. " Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 10 (October 12, 2012): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/445/2012-pse.
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Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an experimental plant, was cut four times. The results reveal that compost and biogas residues are suitable potting substrates. The incorporation of additives mixed into the basic materials partly resulted in higher yield and nutrient uptake. However, the difference among additives was mainly insignificant. Incorporation of Hygromull, especially into biogas residues favored plant growth and increased the uptake of nutrients, which is attributed to the fact that Hygromull stores nutrients and delivers them even later in the growing season. Furthermore Hygromull reduces the salt concentration of the medium, resulting in favored plant growth of younger plants.
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Sharma, Vaibhav. "Efficacy of Different Types of Composts on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. Kashi Pragati." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8768.
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The experiment entitled “Efficacy of different types of Composts on growth, yield and quality parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. Kashi Pragati” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 on experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicated 12 treatments viz., T0: Without compost (Control), T1: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Biogas slurry compost, T2: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Mushroom Spent compost, T3: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 100% Mushroom Spent compost, T4: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Biogas slurry compost +100% Mushroom Spent compost, T5: 100% Vermicompost + 50% Biogas slurry compost, T6: 100% Vermicompost + 50% Mushroom Spent compost, T7: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 50% Vermicompost, T8: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 50% Mushroom Spent compost, T9: 100% Mushroom Spent compost + 50% Vermicompost, T10: 100% Mushroom Spent compost + 50% Biogas slurry compost, T11: 50% Vermicompost + 50% Biogas slurry compost +50% Mushroom Spent compost. The results reveal that increase in Composts level had significant response on vegetative growth yield and quality of Okra. The treatment T4-100%Vermicompost +100% Biogas slurry compost +100% Mushroom Spent compost was found to be the best treatment among the different treatments with growth, yield and quality for Okra under satna condition.
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Faye, Omar Kata, Lat Grand Ndiaye, and Bassirou Sarr. "Étude comparative de la digestion anaérobie entre pulpes de la pomme de cajou, bouse de vache et leur codigestion." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 2, no. 1b (March 5, 2021): C20A05–1—C20A05–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2020.01.05.
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La digestion anaérobie est un processus naturel biologique de dégradation de la matière organique en absence d’oxygène, pour la production du biogaz. L’étude réalisée porte sur la valorisation des déchets organiques dans la région de la Casamance. Elle consiste à évaluer la production de biogaz par les pulpes de la pomme de cajou (PPC), comparée à celle de la production par la bouse de vache (BV) et celle de la codigestion de ces deux substrats. Trois dispositifs expérimentaux ont été conçus d’une part, pour la détermination de la composition du biogaz et d’autre part, neuf dispositifs expérimentaux basés sur la méthode du déplacement du liquide ont été mis en oeuvre pour la détermination du volume de biogaz. Les essais ont été triplet et les résultats basés sur la moyenne des mesures effectuées. Les expériences ont duré 40 jours dans un bain marie à 38 °C. Les résultats montrent un volume cumulé de 5 100 ml de biogaz avec un pourcentage en méthane de 62,95 % pour les (PPC) ; la (BV) présente un volume cumulé de biogaz de 3 256 ml, composé de 58,52 % de méthane et enfin la codigestion des substrats mélangés (50 % de pulpes de la pomme de cajou et 50% de bouse de vache), donne une production de 6 982 ml en volume cumulé contenant un pourcentage en méthane de 61,30 %. Ces résultats montrent l’importance de la codigestion sur l’amélioration des rendements de productions des substrats lors de la digestion anaérobie.
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Banerjee, Saikat, Naveen Prasad, and Sivamani Selvaraju. "Reactor Design for Biogas Production-A Short Review." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2201004.
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Biogas is an alternative to gaseous biofuels and is produced by the decomposition of biomass from substances such as animal waste, sewage sludge, and industrial effluents. Biogas is composed of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. The anaerobic production of biogas can be made cheaper by designing a high throughput reactor and operating procedures. The parameters such as substrate type, particle size, temperature, pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and inoculum concentration play a major role in the design of reactors to produce biogas. Multistage systems, batch, continuous one-stage systems, and continuous two-stage systems are the types of digesters used in the industry for biogas production. A comprehensive review of reactor design for biogas production is presented in the manuscript.
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Liu, Xueyu, Jieqiong Ma, and Hongguang Zhu. "Characteristics of leaching agents for heavy metal extraction and safe utilisation of pig farm biogas residues." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801016.
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The continuous development of biogas engineering in recent years has been accompanied by an increasing number of biogas-residue types in the environment. The existence of various heavy metal elements in biogas residues, particularly excessive amounts of zinc and copper in pig farm biogas residues, hinders their safe utilisation. Several studies have focused on an effective composition for biogas residues or on their effects on soil and plants. However, few investigations regarding the removal of harmful substances from biogas residues have been conducted. The characteristics of heavy metals leached from pig farm biogas residues using eight types of leaching agents were analysed in this study. It is expected that, based on this study, different uses for biogas residues can be developed under the premise of security. The results showed that the most suitable extractant of heavy metals from pig farm biogas residues was EDTA2Na. The leaching rates increased over time. The leaching rates of copper and zinc after 2 h were 21.91% and 48.66%, respectively. After being leached for 2 h by EDTA-2Na, the concentration of zinc met the requirements for moderate alkaline soil, according to the Control Limits against Harmful Substances in Composts for Agricultural Use (DB44/T 361-2006) standard.
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Hafizhah, Reka, and Riche Hariyati. "Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sampah Rumah Tangga Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris Pada Skala Laboratorium." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.73-77.
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Accumulation household organic waste caused environtment disturbances such as bad odor, methan occur, stoppage canal water, and disease spread. Organic waste processing are needed in order to reduce this problem. Processing household waste into composs was one way to reduce organic waste accumulation. The objective of this study is to determine optimal dose household composs for Chlorella vulgaris growth. Research are done in two phase within 9 days of each. Composs liquid doses for main research are 6%,7%,8%, 10%, and Walne fertilizer used as control. Result show effect of household composs on Chlorella vulgaris growth. Optimal doses for Chlorella vulgaris growth are composs liquid doses 8% and 10%. Key word: Household composs, Growth, Chlorella vulgaris.
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Timilsena, Narayan Prasad. "Biogas as a Source of Energy and its Production from Kitchen Waste." Educator Journal 10, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tej.v10i1.46739.
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This research was conducted to determine the efficiency of biogas generation from kitchen garbage and to present the various biogas production processes. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces a valuable energy resource, and the activity-based laboratory approach was applied for this purpose. The anaerobic breakdown is a microbiological process that produces biogas, mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be utilized as a source of energy and for a variety of other purposes. On the other hand, any potential applications require knowledge and information on the composition and quantity of components in the biogas produced. Sodium hydroxide must be added to maintain alkalinity and pH in the digester. The cow dung slurry, as well as kitchen garbage, were added to this reactor. This mixed Inoculum was combined to produce biogas in a small-scale activity. The production of biogas and methane from starch-rich and sugary material is determined on a small scale using simple digesters.
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TAHRI, Ahmed, and Slimane KALLOUM. "Energy Recovery by Production of Electricity from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste in the Saharan Environment." Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 03, no. 01 (June 15, 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2021.3.1.7.
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Anaerobic digestion is a natural process of transforming organic matter into energy by methanogenic bacteria. This process is performed in the digesters in the absence of oxygen, they produce biogas composed mainly of methane (CH4) which is a combustible natural gas we can used in everyday life. In this work, we produced biogas using a continuous digester with a capacity of 4m3 and after the biogas purification; we used methane produced to run the generator to produce electricity. The results are very encouraging, where we have to produce electricity and cover the daily needs of the Algerian individual in electricity using 1m3 of biogas from our digester
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Sousa, Francine Aparecida, Alessandro Torres Campos, Pedro Ivo Sodré Amaral, Daiane Cecchin, and Alessandro Vieira Veloso. "PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE CAMAS SOBREPOSTAS DE SUÍNOS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p229-236.
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Foi avaliada a eficiência do processo de biodigestão anaeróbia e a produção de biogás proveniente de cama sobreposta de suínos em fase de terminação, em biodigestores de bancada. Foram utilizados 12 protótipos de biodigestores laboratoriais de batelada, confeccionados em recipiente plástico e PVC com o volume utilizado de 20 litros. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois materiais de cama sobreposta de suínos como substrato, diluídas em água: Tratamento (M+B) - cama de maravalha+bagaço de cana e tratamento (MAR) - cama de maravalha. Para cada tratamento, foi avaliado o potencial poluidor do efluente, por meio de parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, DBOt, DQOt e ST). Foi quantificada a produção de biogás a fim de verificar o potencial energético da cama sobreposta de suínos. Observou-se que, o tratamento (MAR) apresentou maiores valores de redução de ST. A eficiência de remoção de DQOt para a cama (M+B) foi de 66,04%, já para a cama (MAR) obteve-se redução de 30,80%. A produção do biogás proveniente da cama (M+B) foi significativamente superior à cama (MAR). O uso de biodigestores é interessante para promover o pós-tratamento (ou tratamento complementar) do efluente, obtendo-se, ainda, produção de energia na forma de biogás, que pode ser convertida em eletricidade, aumentando a sustentabilidade da granja. As camas sobrepostas de suínos, submetidas à biodigestão anaeróbia, tiveram reduções significativas dos conteúdos dos ST, SVT e DQO. A produção do biogás proveniente da cama sobreposta composta por maravalha+bagaço de cana foi significativamente superior à cama sobreposta composta por maravalha.PALAVRA-CHAVE: biodigestores, biodigestão anaeróbia, carga orgânica, instalações para suínos. PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS ORIGINATED FROM SWINE SUPERIMPOSED BEDSThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic bio-digestion process and the production of biogas derived from superimposed beds of finishing swine, in tabletop biodigestors. Twelve continuous laboratory bio-digestor prototypes, assembled in plastic and PVC recipients, were used. The treatments constituted of two superimposed bed materials as substrate, diluted in water: Treatment S+B – wood shavings + sugarcane bagasse bed; and treatment SHA – wood shavings bed. For each treatment, the pollutant potential of the effluent was evaluated, by means of physical-chemical parameters (pH, DBOt, DQOt and ST). The production of biogas was quantified in order to verify the energetic potential of the beds. The SHA treatment presented higher ST reduction values. The S+B bed efficiency of DQOt removal was 66.04%, while the SHA bed was of 30.80%. The production of biogas originated from the superimposed bed constituted of sugarcane bagasse + wood shavings was significantly superior to the superimposed bed constituted of wood shavings. With this study, it was possible to conclude that the use of bio-digesters is interesting to promote the post-treatment (or complementary treatment) of the effluent, resulting on bioenergy generation, contributing to the system sustainability. Superimposed pig beds submitted to anaerobic biodigestion had significant reductions in ST, SVT and DQOt contents. The production of biogas from the overlapped bed composed of wood shavings + sugarcane bagasse was significantly superior to the superposed bed composed of wood shavings.KEYWORDS: Modeling bio-digestors, anaerobic bio-digestion, organic charge, facilities for swine
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DIRRENBERGER1, P. "Méthanisation (partie 2) : technologies de digestion et procédés utilisés – état de l’art." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202009033.
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La méthanisation est un processus biologique de dégradation anaérobie de la matière organique, poursuivant deux buts principaux : une valorisation énergétique par la production de biogaz, composé en majorité de méthane (CH4) et de gaz carbonique (CO2), et une valorisation agronomique par la production de digestat (résidu organique liquide ou pâteux des déchets non digérés), riche en nutriments (azote, phosphore, potassium) et pouvant être utilisé comme fertilisant ou amendement (épandage direct ou compostage). La méthanisation suit un schéma global relativement générique (prétraitement des déchets entrants; digestion; posttraitement du digestat produit et valorisation du biogaz), mais les technologies existantes et les procédés qui leur sont associés sont souvent complexes et variés. Certaines technologies ont été développées en voie humide (réacteurs infiniment mélangés, à lit fixe, à lit fluidisé ou à lit de boues) et d’autres en voie sèche (réacteurs verticaux à recirculation de digestat ou de biogaz, horizontaux à piston, batch à percolation ou cellules de méthanisation). Les procédés qui sont associés à ces diverses technologies se différencient par les choix de prétraitement et de posttraitement appliqués en amont et en aval de la méthanisation, avec une contrainte principale : la nature des déchets à méthaniser. Toutes les variantes sont ensuite possibles à décliner afin d’optimiser l’efficacité du procédé choisi.
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Abarghaz, Youssef, Khiyati Mohammed El Ghali, Mustapha Mahi, Christine Werner, Najib Bendaou, Mohammed Fekhaoui, and Ben Houssa Abdelaziz. "Modelling of anaerobic digester biogas production: case study of a pilot project in Morocco." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 3, no. 4 (April 24, 2013): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.097.
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An anaerobic digestion pilot system was implemented in June 2010 in the Moroccan village of Dayet Ifrah. The input material consists of toilet wastewater and cattle manure. Biogas is produced under anaerobic conditions. It is used for heating and cooking. This biogas system could be an useful sanitation technology due to its ability to treat wastewater. The biogas system was monitored over 86 days in summer 2012 to measure gas production. The average gas production recorded was about 1,870 l per day. This amount is sufficient for a farming family composed of 17 people. Our work seeks to find the most appropriate formula to predict biogas production under Moroccan conditions. We compared and ranked different formulas by applying principal component analysis and the ELECTRE III method. The variables studied were the chemical oxygen demand reduction and biogas volume measurements. The results show that the formula of Vedrenne is the most appropriate equation to predict biogas production in Moroccan rural areas (see Vedrenne (2007) ‘Study of Anaerobic Degradation Processes and Methane Production During Storage of Manure’. Environmental Science Thesis. ENSA, Rennes).
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Anggono, Willyanto, Akihiro Hayakawa, Ekenechukwu C. Okafor, and Gabriel Jeremy Gotama. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Laminar Burning Velocities of Artificial Biogas Under Various Pressure and CO2 Concentration." E3S Web of Conferences 130 (2019): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913001037.
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As a renewable and sustainable fuel made from digestion facility, biogas is composed predominantly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 in biogas strongly affects its combustion characteristics. In order to develop efficient combustors for biogas, fundamental flame characteristics of biogas require extensive investigation. In understanding the influence of CO2 concentration and mixture pressure on biogas combustion, the effects of CO2 concentration on the laminar burning velocity of methane/air mixtures were studied at different pressures. The studies were conducted using both numerical and experimental methods. The experiment was conducted using a constant volume high pressure combustion chamber. The propagating flames were recorded with a high speed digital camera by employing Schlieren photography technique. The numerical simulation was carried by utilizing CHEMKIN-PRO with GRI-Mech 3.0 employed as the chemical kinetics model. The results show that the laminar burning velocity of methane-air mixtures decreased with an increase in CO2 concentration and mixture pressure. Therefore, the burning velocity of biogas mixtures may decrease as the amount of CO2 in the gas increases.
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Dewi, Ritma Kartika, Dwi Wahyuningsih, Dwi Elita Sari, Setia Humani Jatiningrum, and Widhi Handayani. "Waste management of traditional dairy farming for alternative energy: A feasibility study on biogas processing in Dusun Banyudono, Semarang Regency, Indonesia." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 5, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v5i1.117.
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Dairy farming's waste contributes to greenhouse (GHG) gas emission, and its conversion into biogas is of potential benefit to reduce emission while providing alternative energy for the dairy farmers. Although biogas conversion has been conducted in Banyudono, Semarang Regency, not all dairy farmers are interested in this biogas processing, and it seems to be related to the question of the benefit they would receive. This research aims to explain the management of the waste of dairy farming in Banyudono and a feasibility study on dairy farming in Banyudono, if biogas processing is not to be included and along with biogas processing. This study combines qualitative and quantitative approaches by conducting interviews, direct observation, documentation, and a feasibility study on biogas processing. This study finds that 8,400 kg of cow manure and 4,950 liters of urine are produced every day, by only 5.76% is processed into biogas, 11.25% is processed into manure, while 82.98% of the waste is left unused. The feasibility study indicates that biogas processing tends to increase the benefit received by independent farmers instead of the member of the dairy farmer group discussed in the study. Furthermore, our study reveals issues regarding the dairy farmers' environmental awareness, poor management of biogas distribution on the farmer group level, and technology adoption problems. Finally, a model of integrated farming system is composed to address the issue of waste management in Banyudono.
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Maakoul, Othmane, Ruth Beaulanda, Hamid El Omari, El Hassane Essabri, and Aziza Abid. "Modeling CO2 capture processes by chemical absorption: The case of biogas treatment." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400024.
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Our objective through this work is to purify the biogas produced by a methanisation process in order to be valorized in a cogeneration unit. The studied biogas is mainly composed of methane 60% and carbon dioxide 39%. The treatment will increase the quality of the biogas by decreasing the percentage of CO2, in order to improve the energetic properties of the gas mixture (PCI). Several biogas purification and bio-methane production processes are commercialized. The choice of the technical and economic optimum is strongly linked to the quality and quantity of biogas to be purified, the quality of the desired bio-methane, depends on the type of methanisation, the nature and regularity of the substrate supply, but also on the local conditions of implantation. In this part of our research project, we are interested in the study, dimensioning and modeling of a CO2 capture unit by chemical absorption, constituted by a packed column. The solvent used is the secondary amines in mixture with the primary amines.
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Mantuano, Janner Leonel Santos, Manuel Enrique Vergara Macías, Erik Sebastian Sanchez Toapanta, Klever Steven Tubay Palma, and María Fernanda Vivas Giraldo. "Obtaining biogas product from biological residues vaccines in Chone city." International journal of physical sciences and engineering 4, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijpse.v4n1.416.
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In this research, we studied the use of cattle biological waste to obtain biogas through a biodigester in the city of Chone, considered the livestock capital of Ecuador. Biogas is a mixed gas produced by the fermentation (anaerobic digestion) of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. It is mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. The biogas production process takes place in a container called a digester, in which the anaerobic fermentation process occurs. Obtaining biogas is one of the most used alternative sources for the production of renewable energy, so it can be evidenced by its importance as a tool against the fight of the environmental problem that exists today. The use of biogas of bovine origin has a high calorific value so it can be used for the production of heat, electricity or biofuel. This initiative seeks to manage and sustainably reduce organic waste, reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
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Ménard, Camille, Antonio Avalos Ramirez, Josiane Nikiema, and Michèle Heitz. "Biofiltration of methane and trace gases from landfills: A review." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a11-022.
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Concerns about biogas from landfills are reviewed in terms of biogas generation, composition, and elimination. Biogas is mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide but it also contains a few hundred non-methane organic compounds. The solutions available to reduce its harmful effects on the environment and on human health are valorization as electricity or heat, flaring, or biofiltration. The main parameters affecting the biofiltration of methane are reviewed: temperature, moisture content, properties of the packing material, nutrient supply, oxygen requirements, formation of exopolysaccharides, and gas residence time. An analysis is performed on the co-metabolic properties and the inhibition interactions of the methane-degrading bacteria, methanotrophs.
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Hadiyanto, H., Figa Muhammad Octafalahanda, Jihan Nabila, Andono Kusuma Jati, Marcelinus Christwardana, Kusmiyati Kusmiyati, and Adian Khoironi. "Preliminary Observation of Biogas Production from a Mixture of Cattle Manure and Bagasse Residue in Different Composition Variations." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 12, no. 2 (February 9, 2023): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.52446.
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The need of renewable energy is paramount important as it is expected to replace fossil energy. One of renewable energy commonly used for rural area is biomass-based energy. Biogas is a biomass-based energy where organic materials are converted to methane gas via anaerobic digestion process. The limitations of mono-feedstock biogas are instability digestion process, low yield biogas produced and require readjusting C/N ratio, therefore co-digestion process was proposed to overcome these problems. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of a mixture of cattle manure and bagasse residue in different weight ratio combinations. Biogas was generated by anaerobic digestion using a mixed substrate composed of a combination of weight ratios of bagasse:cattle manure (1:5, 1:2, 1:1, and 3:1). The kinetic analysis was evaluated by fitting Gompertz and Logistic model to experimental data of cumulative biogas. The result showed that the combination of 1:5 ratio of bagasse waste to cattle manure obtained the best biogas yield with cumulative biogas at 31,000 mL. The kinetic model of Gompertz and Logistic were able to predict the maximum cumulative biogas at ratio of 1:5 (cattle: bagasse) at 31,157.66 mL and 30,112.12 mL, respectively. The other predictions of kinetic parameters were maximum biogas production rate (Rm)= 1,720.45 mL/day and 1,652.31 mL/day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. Lag periods were obtained at 2.403 day and 2.612 day for Gompertz and Logistic model, respectively. The potential power generation of 338.71 Watt has been estimated from biogas. This research has proven a positive feasibility of co-digestion of two feed-stocks (cattle manure and bagasse) for biogas production.
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Lalak, Justyna, Agnieszka Kasprzycka, Ewelina M. Paprota, Jerzy Tys, and Aleksandra Murat. "Development of optimum substrate compositions in the methane fermentation process." International Agrophysics 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2015-0037.
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AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the potential of organic wastes from the agriculture and food industry as co-substrate for biogas production, on the basis of physical and chemical parameters analysis and biogas yield in the process of methane fermentation. The experimental material consisted of carrot pomace, kale by-products and maize silage. Methane fermentation was conducted in bioreactors equipped with an automatic control and measurement system. The study indicated correct physicochemical properties in terms of high content of dry organic matter and also correct C/N ratio. That was reflected in high biogas yields which amounted to, respectively, 558 N dm3kg−1VS−1for carrot pomace and kale by-products, and 526 N dm3kg−1VS−1for maize silage. The study showed that the intensity of biogas production was varied and depended on the composition of fermented mixtures. Methane fermentation of organic waste mixtures significantly increased the amount of biogas efficiency compared to the fermentation of individual substrates. The successful run of the experiment indicates that a mixture composed of carrot pomace and kale by-products is a good substrate for the production of biogas.
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Osei-Marfo, Martha, Albert Ebo Duncan, Samuel Barnie, Sampson Nyame Owusu, Esi Awuah, and Nanne de Vries. "Institutional Involvement and Collaboration in Disseminating Biogas Technology in Ghana." Journal of Energy 2022 (November 21, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1165136.
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Globally, biogas technology has been touted by academics, international organizations, United Nations, and pressure groups, among others, as an effective tool for protecting the planet against degradation. As such, stakeholders in the biogas technology sector have made some policy recommendations toward that goal. These include a global campaign in support of energy for sustainable development, climate financing by the international community, all countries adopting appropriate national strategies, innovative financial mechanisms, and encouraging private-sector participation in achieving the goal. Clearly, for countries to promote accessibility and create favorable perceptions on the adoption of biogas technology requires institutional involvement and collaboration. That is, institutions need to participate and contribute in terms of ideas and expertise as well as work together to ensure the dissemination and uptake of biogas technology in Ghana. This study is aimed at assessing the level of institutional involvement and collaboration and barriers to biogas technology dissemination in Ghana. A qualitative method was employed, and data were collected from 101 respondents through interviewing. The results indicated that the involvement of government and financial institutions in disseminating biogas technology was low, while biogas service providers showed moderate involvement. With regard to collaboration, it was revealed that institutions moderately collaborate in awareness creation but had low collaborations for promotion, monitoring, and evaluation. Furthermore, the lack of a national biogas policy, low government commitment towards biogas technology, and low financial support were key barriers to effective institutional involvement and collaboration in disseminating biogas technology in Ghana. It is recommended that the government shows a high commitment by providing the needed resources for dissemination activities and task the Ghana Energy Commission to formulate a national biogas policy to facilitate dissemination and adoption. Finally, a national biogas steering committee composed of all relevant stakeholders, including the Finance Minister or a representative from the Finance Ministry would create a good platform to help champion the dissemination of biogas technology in Ghana.
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Cardoso, Wandercleiton, Renzo Di Felice, and Raphael Colombo Baptista. "Mathematical modeling of a solid oxide fuel cell operating on biogas." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 2929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i6.3253.
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are the most efficient devices for directly converting the chemical energy of a fuel into electrical energy. This is one of the main reasons why these fuel cells have received a lot of attention from the scientific community and from several developers who have invested in the use of this technology in various applications. Biogas is one of the products of anaerobic decomposition (absence of gaseous oxygen) of organic matter, which occurs due to the action of certain types of bacteria. Biogas is mainly composed of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and its use in solid oxide fuel cells has been investigated since Biogas is a renewable biofuel. The aim of this paper was to perform mathematical modeling of a solid oxide fuel cell operating on biogas. The results confirmed that the overall efficiency of the system is above 94% and the largest irreversibilities of the system are related to heat exchangers.
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Nishimura, Sosuke, and Motoyuki Yoda. "Removal of hydrogen sulfide from an anaerobic biogas using a bio-scrubber." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 6-7 (September 1, 1997): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0610.
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A novel biological treatment process for removing hydrogen sulfide from anaerobic biogas using a bio-scrubber has been developed. The treatment process is composed of a gas/liquid contact tower and an aeration tank. The biogas from an anaerobic wastewater treatment process is introduced into a multiple-bubble-tray contact tower (bio-scrubber) and scrubbed with activated sludge liquor from an aeration tank. The sludge liquor containing sulfides is then returned to the aeration tank, where the sulfide is oxidized to sulfate by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria such as Thiobacillus. The contact tower is designed to be air tight in order to prevent air from mixing into the biogas used as a fuel. A simulation model was developed to calculate effluent gas concentrations from the contact tower, incorporating input parameters such as influent hydrogen sulfide concentrations, gas flow rates, and gas/liquid ratios. Using the simulation model, design criteria were calculated and a full-scale plant for treating biogas from a UASB process for potato processing wastewater was constructed. The data shows that the hydrogen sulfide in the biogas was effectively reduced from 2,000 ppm to less than 20 ppm.
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Han, Danbee, Wonjun Cho, and Youngsoon Baek. "CO2 Methanation of Biogas over Ni-Mg-Al: The Effects of Ni Content, Reduction Temperature, and Biogas Composition." Catalysts 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12091054.
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Biogas is mainly composed of CH4 and CO2, so it is used as an alternative energy to CH4 with high energy density by separating and removing CO2 from biogas. In addition, it can be utilized by producing synthesis gas (CO and H2) through thermal decomposition of biogas or by synthesizing CH4 by methanation of CO2. The technique of CO2 methanation is a method that can improve the CH4 concentration without CO2 separation. This study aims to produce more efficient methane through CO2 methanation of biogas over Ni-Mg-Al catalyst. So, the effect of Ni contents in catalyst, catalyst reduction temperature, CO2 concentration in biogas, and the initial concentration of CH4 on CO2 conversion rate and CH4 selectivity was investigated. In addition, the effect of increasing CO2 concentration, H2/CO2 ratio, and GHSV (gas space velocity per hour) on H2 conversion, CH4 productivity, and product was investigated. In particular, the durability and stability of CO2 methanation was tested over 60 wt% Ni-Mg-Al catalyst at 350 °C and 30,000/h for 130 h. From the long-term test results, the catalyst shows stability by maintaining a constant CO2 conversion rate of 72% and a CH4 selectivity of 95%.
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Słupek, Edyta, Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska, and Jacek Gębicki. "Removal of Siloxanes from Model Biogas by Means of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Absorption Process." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020241.
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The paper presents the screening of 20 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and glycols in various molar ratios, and 6 conventional solvents as absorbents for removal of siloxanes from model biogas stream. The screening was achieved using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) based on the comparison of siloxane solubility in DESs. For the DES which was characterized by the highest solubility of siloxanes, studies of physicochemical properties, i.e., viscosity, density, and melting point, were performed. DES composed of tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in a 1:3 molar ratio was used as an absorbent in experimental studies in which several parameters were optimized, i.e., the temperature, absorbent volume, and model biogas flow rate. The mechanism of siloxanes removal was evaluated by means of an experimental FT-IR analysis as well as by theoretical studies based on σ-profile and σ-potential. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that TPABr:TEG (1:3) is a very effective absorption solvent for the removal of siloxanes from model biogas, and the main driving force of the absorption process is the formation of the hydrogen bonds between DES and siloxanes.
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Biey, E. M., E. D. Musibono, and W. Verstraete. "Start-up of a multi-stage system for biogas production and solid waste treatment in low-tech countries." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0262.
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Vegetable fruit garden wastes were treated anaerobically using a multistage Dranco system. The digesters were composed of three 50 L vessels kept in mesophilic conditions. They were operating at 14.5-17% TS. By controlling the pH in the system, the start-up for biogas production was shortened to 60 days. The pH correction was a buffering which enhanced methanogenic activity in the digesters. With a loading rate of 4.1 kg VS/m3reactor.day, the production of biogas was 5 m3/m3reactor.day, and 60-70% methane content. This allowed making a multisystem by starting every 3 weeks with new vessels in order to maintain biogas production, to be used in industries or in local communities in low-tech countries. The designed model was started in Kinshasa (Congo) where a project is expected to treat one ton of solid waste on a daily basis, for a production of 100 m3 biogas. This cost effectiveness of the system is demonstrated and presents the opportunity for biowaste treatment coupled with environmental protection and substantial energy recovery.
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Pilarska, Agnieszka A., Krzysztof Pilarski, Antoni Ryniecki, Kamila Tomaszyk, Jacek Dach, and Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka. "Utilization of vegetable dumplings waste from industrial production by anaerobic digestion." International Agrophysics 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0033.
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Abstract This paper provides the analysis of results of biogas and methane yield for vegetable dumplings waste: dough with fat, vegetable waste, and sludge from the clarifier. Anaerobic digestion of food waste used in the experiments was stable after combining the substrates with a digested pulp composed of maize silage and liquid manure (as inoculum), at suitable ratios. The study was carried out in a laboratory scale using anaerobic batch reactors, at controlled (mesophilic) temperature and pH conditions. The authors present the chemical reactions accompanying biodegradation of the substrates and indicate the chemical compounds which may lead to acidification during the anaerobic digestion. An anaerobic digestion process carried out with the use of a dough-and-fat mixture provided the highest biogas and methane yields. The following yields were obtained in terms of fresh matter: 242.89 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 384.38 m3 Mg−1 for biogas, and in terms of volatile solids: 450.73 m3 Mg−1 for methane and 742.40 m3 Mg−1 for biogas. Vegetables and sludge from the clarifier (as fresh matter) provided much lower yields.
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Promdirek, Piyorose, Gobboon Lothongkum, Yves Wouters, Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn, and Alain Galerie. "Effect of Humidity on the Corrosion Kinetics of Ferritic Stainless Steels Subjected to Synthetic Biogas." Materials Science Forum 696 (September 2011): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.696.417.
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Ferritic stainless steels have nowadays been used as materials for interconnectors in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) at intermediate temperatures (800°C). Their degradation in contact with dry synthetic biogas used instead of other fuel gas has already been studied. In such biogas atmosphere, humidity may play an important role. The objective of this study is therefore to understand the effect of H2O on the corrosion kinetics of the ferritic stainless steels type AISI441 (18CrTiNb) under synthetic biogas (70%CH4and 30%CO2) mixed with 3%H2O. The thermodynamic analysis by FactSage was used to determine the partial pressure of oxygen and the activity of carbon in the humid biogas. The results showed that the partial pressure of oxygen is in the range 10–24.8to 10–21.2bar for temperatures between 600-800°C and that the formation of solid carbon can occur in these conditions. This was not different compared with the conditions in dry biogas. These conditions lead to the stability of some important oxides such as Cr2O3and Cr-Mn spinel and to carbon deposition and/or carbide formation. The surface morphology of 441 subjected to humid biogas showed oxide scale composed mainly of Cr2O3topped with Cr-Mn spinel. Some carbide such as Cr7C3was found in chromia scale. Kinetic experiments under both dry and humid biogas at temperatures between 600 and 800°C showed linear weight changes. Arrhenius law was followed and the rate-determining steps were identified as parallel oxidation and carburization limited by oxide-gas interface reactions.
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Chang, Chia-Chi, Manh Van Do, Wei-Li Hsu, Bo-Liang Liu, Ching-Yuan Chang, Yi-Hung Chen, Min-Hao Yuan, et al. "A Case Study on the Electricity Generation Using a Micro Gas Turbine Fuelled by Biogas from a Sewage Treatment Plant." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122424.
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Combined heat and power production from biogas is now playing an important role in energy and resource utilization as well as pollution control in waste water treatment. This research used biogas from the Bali Sewage Treatment Plant in New Taipei City, Taiwan, as a major source of fuel for the electricity generation. A micro gas turbine electricity generator, Capstone CR-30, which possesses a maximum rated power load (PWL) of 30 kW, was equipped to convert biogas into electricity. The biogas is mainly composed of CH4 (56.1 ± 8.0 vol.%), CO2 (25.5 ± 9.8 vol.%), H2 (0.5 vol.%), and H2S (0.99 ± 0.07 ppmv). During the test operation period of the generator, it was found that the thermal efficiency increases from 19.8% to 23.4% kWhe/kWhth, while the electricity generation efficiency (ηEB) also rises from 0.93 to 1.09 kWhe/m3 biogas as the PWL increases from 10 kW to 30 kW. The results indicated that the generator has a better performance with higher PWL. At PWL = 30 kW, the average adjusted concentrations of CO and NOx (adjusted to 15 vol.% O2) emitted from the generator are 86 ppmv and 17 ppmv, respectively. Both are much lower than the emission standards of stationary sources in Taiwan of 2000 ppmv and 150 ppmv, respectively. Thus, PWL of 30 kW was selected in cooperation with biogas inflow = 0.412 m3/min and air/fuel ratio (i.e., air/biogas ratio) = 76.0 vol./vol. for the long-term regular operation. At the above setting conditions for long-term operation, the generator continuously consumed the biogas and provided stable electricity generation at a rate of 19.64 kWhe/h for a 2-year running period. Moreover, the greenhouse gas can be cut off with a rate of 10.78 kg CO2e/h when using biogas as fuel for electricity generation. Overall, this research proves that the application of a micro gas turbine electricity generator not only has promising performance for using biogas but also gives a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission, which fits the concepts of the circular economy and environmental protection.
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Mohamed Ali, Amina, Md Zahangir Alam, Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-latif, Mohammed Saedi Jami, Ibrahim Gamiye Bouh, Ibrahim Adebayo Bello, and Tarik Ainane. "Production of Biogas from Food Waste Using the Anaerobic Digestion Process with Biofilm-Based Pretreatment." Processes 11, no. 3 (February 21, 2023): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030655.
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The production of biogas from food waste is a good approach to the minimization of food waste and increase in the production of renewable energy. However, the use of food waste as a feedstock for biogas production currently poses a difficulty due to an ineffective hydrolysis process, which is a pretreatment procedure and the initial step of the biogas conversion process. This restriction results from the food waste polymers’ solubilization and breakdown. This has an impact on the volume of biogas produced during the methanogenesis stage. It is essential to increase the biodegradation of organic compounds (OC) during the hydrolysis process to increase biogas generation. This study focuses on the enhancement of biogas production by the anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste (FW). FW was hydrolyzed by the immobilized biofilm and digested anaerobically in a semi-continuous digester. Four different digesters including the control were prepared. The control digester composed of no hydrolyzed food waste had no immobilized biofilm while the other three digesters had immobilized biofilm-hydrolyzed food waste with inoculum concentrations of 10%, 30%, and 50%. The results showed that the 50% digester had the highest biogas yield of about 2000 mL/500 mL. The 10%, 30%, and control digesters had a biogas yield of 1523 mL, 753 mL, and 502 mL respectively. Thus, the analysis of total volatile solid (TVS) reduction in the digesters with 10%, 30%, and 50% inoculum and the control have increased to 43.4% for the digesters with 30% and 10%, 60% for the digester with 50% inoculum, and only 29% for the control. Total chemical demand (TCOD) removal increased to 29%, 33%, 43%, and 56% for the control, and 10%, 30%, and 50%, respectively for the inoculum-to-feed ratio. From these results, the 50% inoculum-to-feed ratio has shown the highest biogas production and highest degradation based on TVS reduction and TCOD reduction. Based on this study, the biofilm pretreatment method can be considered a promising method for the enhancement of biogas volume and biodegradation. Biogas production was high (2000 mL) for hydraulic retention time (HRT = 20) days but the HRT = 15 days was also able to produce a significant amount (1400 mL) of biogas and the 50% inoculum-to-feed ratio has shown the highest volume of biogas production.
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Liu, Xiao Ling, Meng Meng Wang, Xue Jing Hu, and Yong Hui Song. "Effect of Total Solids Content on the Biogas Production and Phosphorus Release from Excess Sludge." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1006.
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Anaerobic digestion and struvite precipitation were the two effective ways to treat excess sludge for recovering the bioenergy (biogas) and phosphorus. The total solids content played an important role in the biogas production and the phosphorus release. The experimental results showed that cumulative biogas decreased significantly with the increase of total solids content from 5% to 10% but increased subsequently with a further increase of total solids content, and the maximal cumulative biogas was achieved at 5% of total solids. The concentrations of PO43-P and total soluble P varied with total solids content, and the maximal concentrations were obtained under the condition of 20% of total solids, namely 1327 mg·L-1for PO43-P and 1288 mg·L-1for total soluble P. Pearson’s relationship analysis reflected that the released total soluble P was mainly composed of PO43-P during the anaerobic digestion. Furthermore, the maximal yield of PO43-P and the maximal solubilization ratio of total P were achieved at 15% of total solids, and they respectively reached 4.2 mg·g-1and 16.1% with 48% reduction of volatile solids and 40% reduction of total solids after anaerobic digestion.
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Poma, Paulina, Marco Usca, María Polanco, Theofilos Toulkeridis, and Carlos Mestanza-Ramón. "Estimation of Biogas Generated in Two Landfills in South-Central Ecuador." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101365.
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The landfill is a final disposal technique to confine municipal solid waste (MSW), where organic matter is degraded generating leachate and biogas composed of methane gases (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other gases that contribute to global warming. The objective of the current research was to estimate the amount of biogas generated through the LandGEM 3.03 mathematical model to determine the amount of electrical energy generated and the number of homes that would be supplied with electrical energy from 2021 to 2144. As a result of the application, it was estimated that in the Pichacay landfill, the highest point of biogas generation in 2053 would be 76,982,177 (m3/year) that would generate 81,226,339.36 (kWh/year), and would supply 5083 homes with electricity. Similarly, in the Las Iguanas landfill, the highest point would be 693,975,228 (m3/year) of biogas that produces 73,223,5296.7 (kWh/year) and would supply electricity to 45,825 homes. Of the performed gas analyses in the Pichacay landfill in 2020, an average of 51.49% CH4, 40.35% CO2, 1.75% O2 and 17.8% H2S was presented, while in the Las Iguanas landfill, for 2020 and 2021, we obtained an average of 51.88/CH4, 36.62% CO2, 1.01% O2 and 187.58 ppm H2S. Finally, the biogas generated by being harnessed minimizes the impacts related to global warming and climate change and would contribute electricity to the nearby communities.
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CUPIAŁ, Karol, Adam DUŻYŃSKI, and Janusz GRZELKA. "A summary of eight years of operation of the biogas heat and power-generating set in the Waste Treatment Plant of WARTA S.A. in Czêstochowa." Combustion Engines 124, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117363.
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The paper presents a summary of the last eight years of industrial operation of the biogas heat and power-generating set in the Waste Treatment Plant of WARTA S.A. in Czêstochowa. This is a typical installation of the CHP (Combined Heat and Power) coupled power engineering, which generates electrical power and heat at the source of gas fuel and at the place of demand. Its is composed of a gas combustion engine driving an asynchronous generator and a set of two heat exchangers. The combustion engine is supplied with biogas acquired from the Waste Treatment Plant, where it is generated as a byproduct during sewage sludge treatment.
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Pirola, Carlo, Federico Galli, Claudia L. Bianchi, and Flavio Manenti. "Biogas to biomethane upgrading by water absorption column at low pressure and temperature." TECHNOLOGY 03, no. 02n03 (June 2015): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2339547815400014.
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Biogas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable materials. It is composed primarily of methane and carbon dioxide and may contain small amounts of impurities. The removal of CO 2 allows obtaining methane suitable to be injected into the gas grid. In this work it was chosen to operate the biogas upgrading by water washing in an absorption column at low pressure (1 bar) and low temperature (below 288 K) to verify the possibility to perform a first step of this separation without high pressure contitions. The bench scale plant used is a continuous glass absorption column (internal diameter = 43 mm, height = 1000 mm) filled with a structured packing (Sultzer DX). The results obtained (70% reduction of CO 2 at 282.2 K and using a L/G molar ratio of 868) open the possibility to investigate further the use of this technology for the biogas upgrading, at least for the first major part of the CO 2 removal.
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Valdebenito-Rolack, Emky, Rosario Díaz, Felipe Marín, Daniel Gómez, and Felipe Hansen. "Markers for the Comparison of the Performances of Anoxic Biotrickling Filters in Biogas Desulphurisation: A Critical Review." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030567.
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The agriculture and livestock industry generate waste used in anaerobic digestion to produce biogas containing methane (CH4), useful in the generation of electricity and heat. However, although biogas is mainly composed of CH4 (~65%) and CO2 (~34%), among the 1% of other compounds present is hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which deteriorates engines and power generation fuel cells that use biogas, generating a foul smell and contaminating the environment. As a solution to this, anoxic biofiltration, specifically with biotrickling filters (BTFs), stands out in terms of the elimination of H2S as it is cost-effective, efficient, and more environmentally friendly than chemical solutions. Research on the topic is uneven in terms of presenting performance markers, underestimating many microbiological indicators. Research from the last decade was analyzed (2010–2020), demonstrating that only 56% of the reviewed publications did not report microbiological analysis related to sulphur oxidising bacteria (SOB), the most important microbial group in desulphurisation BTFs. This exposes fundamental deficiencies within this type of research and difficulties in comparing performance between research works. In this review, traditional and microbiological performance markers of anoxic biofiltration to remove H2S are described. Additionally, an analysis to assess the efficiency of anoxic BTFs for biogas desulphurisation is proposed in order to have a complete and uniform assessment for research in this field.
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Chanthakett, Apina, and Supawat Vivanpatarakij. "Study of Biogas Production from Wastes in Military Areas." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.246.
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The study of biogas production was conducted to find effective fermentation which will enhance digester gas manufacturing system and reduce waste in military areas. Co-digester between food wastes with pig manure was studied. The experiment was divided into three proportions of food waste and manure based on dry matter mass. The first is 100:0 which contains 26 kg. of food waste. The second is 85:15 which was composed of 22 kg. of food per 4 kg. of pig manure. And the third is 70:30 which contains 18 kg. of food per 8 kg. of pig manure. Leavening agent for digester came from pig manure. The 21 day experiment was carried out to collect and analyze biogas samples. According to these results, the proportion 85:15 produced a large quantity of biogas which was 1,134 liters. Methane generation rate is increasing and hydrogen is also high as 32.26%. The heating reached the highest value at 1.491 MJ. or 3.189 times compared to the proportion 100:0 in the experimental temperature of 31-33 °C
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Loughrin, John, Stacy Antle, Jason Simmons, Karamat Sistani, and Nanh Lovanh. "In Situ Sonification of Anaerobic Digestion: Extended Evaluation of Performance in a Temperate Climate." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 5349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205349.
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Increasing the efficiency of anaerobic digesters and improving sludge breakdown is vital to reducing the cost of biogas production and reducing the environmental consequences of sludge disposal. The performance of two unheated anaerobic digestion systems, one exposed to sound at <20 kHz by waterproofed speakers and one acting as a control, were compared for over a year. The digester systems were both composed of primary (11.4 m3) and secondary (3.8 m3) anaerobic tanks, facultative tertiary (3.0 m3) tanks and an aerobic holding tank from which effluent was mixed with feed and recirculated back to the system. Exposure of the gas saturated digestate to a low frequency sine wave induced numerous bubble harmonics up to, and presumably beyond, ultrasonic range, showing that sonification of a highly gaseous liquid might be used to accomplish low power ultrasonication of digestate at greater distances than is possible with conventional ultrasonic technology. Through the summer of 2019, the sound-treated system produced 27% more biogas than the control system, and 74 times more during the winter when biogas production by the control systems essentially ceased. Afterwards, the control system produced more biogas due to depletion of volatile solids in the sound-treated digester. Results show that sound can be used for faster digester startup and substitute for a share of heating requirements during cool months.
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Czekała, Wojciech, Tomasz Jasiński, Mieczysław Grzelak, Kamil Witaszek, and Jacek Dach. "Biogas Plant Operation: Digestate as the Valuable Product." Energies 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 8275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218275.
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Fertilization is an essential element in plant cultivation. Supplying the right amounts of nutrients allows plants to grow and develop. Due to the rising price of mineral fertilizers, other fertilizers and soil conditioners are growing in importance. One of these is the digestate produced in agricultural biogas plants. Due to its properties, the digestate can be used directly as a fertilizer. In this case, the effects of application can both change the soil environment and directly affect plant growth. Physical, biological, and thermal transformations can also produce products based on the digestate or its fractions, which can be successfully used for fertilizer purposes. Among other things, this paper discusses the production and use of composts, biocarbon, and/or fertilizer granules from the solid fraction of the digestate. Numerous scientific studies, including the authors’ own research in this article, indicate that digestate can be successfully used as fertilizer, both without processing and with selected methods of treatment. However, further research is needed—especially on the diversity of raw materials used for biogas production and their effects on the composition and performance of the digestate. In addition, research should continue on the processing of digestate into specific products, depending on the needs of soils and plants.
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Kolesárová, Nina, Miroslav Hutňan, Igor Bodík, and Viera Špalková. "Utilization of Biodiesel By-Products for Biogas Production." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/126798.
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This contribution reviews the possibility of using the by-products from biodiesel production as substrates for anaerobic digestion and production of biogas. The process of biodiesel production is predominantly carried out by catalyzed transesterification. Besides desired methylesters, this reaction provides also few other products, including crude glycerol, oil-pressed cakes, and washing water. Crude glycerol or g-phase is heavier separate liquid phase, composed mainly by glycerol. A couple of studies have demonstrated the possibility of biogas production, using g-phase as a single substrate, and it has also shown a great potential as a cosubstrate by anaerobic treatment of different types of organic waste or energy crops. Oil cakes or oil meals are solid residues obtained after oil extraction from the seeds. Another possible by-product is the washing water from raw biodiesel purification, which is an oily and soapy liquid. All of these materials have been suggested as feasible substrates for anaerobic degradation, although some issues and inhibitory factors have to be considered.
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Nogueirão, Luiz Fellipe, Márcio Turra de Ávila, Anderson Antonio Ubices de Moraes, Luben Cabezas Gómez, Délson Luiz Módolo, and Dev Sagar Shrestha. "Project of a cogeneration system using biogas." Semina: Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2022v43n1p31.
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Brazil has been among the countries with the cleanest energy matrix in the world. The country showed high growth rates on the economy during the first years of the 21st, which brought to a rapid demand on energy supply. The situation got worser with long dry seasons, resulting on the commissioning of several thermoelectric plants. In the sugar-alcohol sector, the cogeneration became essential. In this context, the use of biomass for the generation and burning of biogas shows great potential in the production of electricity and heat. The discussed study involves the design of a biogas cogeneration system for the Federal University of São Carlos. The considered biomass originates from the campus itself and is composed of organic waste. The system consists of a modified diesel engine, accoupled to an electric generator and three heat exchangers. The monthly production of electricity is 7,7 MWh with a power of 30 kW. The monthly production of thermal energy is 9,8 MWh with a power of 37,6 kW. The costs are quoted adding up to R$ 162,877.00 for the complete system. The annual savings with the system is estimated at R$ 91,126.40, reaching an amortization time of one year and ten months.
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Boulinguiez, B., and P. Le Cloirec. "Biogas pre-upgrading by adsorption of trace compounds onto granular activated carbons and an activated carbon fiber-cloth." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (March 1, 2009): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.070.
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The study assesses the adsorption onto activated carbon materials of selected volatile organic compounds -VOCs- (dichloromethane, 2-propanol, toluene, siloxane D4) in a biogas matrix composed of methane and carbon dioxide (55:45 v/v). Three different adsorbents are tested, two of them are granular activated carbon (GAC), and the last is an activated carbon fiber-cloth (ACFC). The adsorption isotherm data are fitted by different models by nonlinear regression. The Langmuir-Freundlich model appears to be the adequate one to describe the adsorption phenomena independently of the VOC considered or the adsorbent. The adsorbents present attractive adsorption capacity of the undesirable compounds in biogas atmosphere though the maximum adsorption capacities for a VOC are quite different from each other. The adsorption kinetics are characterized through three coefficients: the initial adsorption coefficient, the external film mass transfer coefficient and the internal diffusion coefficient of Weber. The ACFC demonstrates advanced kinetic yields compared to the granular activated carbon materials whatever VOC is considered. Therefore, pre-upgrading of biogas produced from wastewater sludge or co-digestion system by adsorption onto activated carbon appears worth investigating. Especially with ACFC material that presents correct adsorption capacities toward VOCs and concrete regeneration process opportunity to realize such process.
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Tissologo, Moussa, Seydou Ouedraogo, and Frederic Ouattara. "GENETIC ALGORITHMS APPROACH FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HYBRID POWER PLANT SIZING IN SAHELIAN ZONE: CASE STUDY IN BURKINA FASO." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12023.
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Electrification development in rural areas is essential in order to meet electricity needs at bearable cost, for rural areas population development. This work presents optimization of hybrid electric power plant composed of solar photovoltaic and biogas generators, without electrical energy storage, for low-cost electrification of rural and peri-urban areas, at four sites in Sahel region of Burkina Faso. Simulation results give electricity kilowatt-hour cost about 0.0616 dollar at Gorom-Gorom site, 0.0611 dollar at Dori site, 0.0616 dollar at Djibo site and 0.0616 dollar at Sebba site. Compared to kilowatt-hour cost charged by the national electricity distribution company, who is from 0.1345 dollar, produced electricity cost at these sites is very competitive and accessible for this region population. Use of biogas in addition to solar as an energy source for electrical hybrid power plant has made it possible to reduce significantly polluting and greenhouse gas emissions.
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Machado, Letícia Ribeiro, Adriano Henrique Ferrarez, Jader Lugon Junior, and Fernando César Alves. "Biogas production and composition optimization in an anaerobic digestor using cheese whey and swine manure as substrate." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 44 (July 6, 2022): e56923. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v44i1.56923.
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The search for new sources of energy has intensified these days due to the environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels. The tripod composed of energy, food and water is the base of human existence. Food production implies the generation of organic waste and the need to manage it properly. The dairy and pig farming sectors have an essential role in the Brazilian economy, producing a large amount of waste. One energy and environmental alternative to treat this issue is anaerobic digestion. Here we aimed to optimize the production and composition of biogas obtained from cheese whey and swine manure. Batch-scale laboratory tests were performed on bench anaerobic digesters for 65 days with 6 triplicates loaded with different proportions of cheese whey and swine manure. The proportion of 50% cheese whey and 50% swine manure presented the highest biogas production and methane concentration (CH4).
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Bożym, Marta, and Grzegorz Siemiątkowski. "Assessment of Composition Changes, Stability Degree and the Potential of Biogas Formation of Sewage Sludge Composts During Maturation Process." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 8 (July 1, 2019): 4081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00736-4.
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Kintl, Antonín, Jakub Elbl, Tomáš Vítěz, Martin Brtnický, Jiří Skládanka, Tereza Hammerschmiedt, and Monika Vítězová. "Possibilities of Using White Sweetclover Grown in Mixture with Maize for Biomethane Production." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091407.
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Methods of growing plant biomass for the production of biogas in anaerobic digestion plants have a decisive influence on arable land and on the evaluation of biogas plant technologies from the environmental point of view. The main benefit of anaerobic digestion is the possibility to use various agricultural crops for energy production. Some of these plant species, e.g., legumes, are generally considered to be beneficial for arable soil quality, as compared with maize monocultures with frequently manifested soil degradation and adverse environmental impact on arable land. A possible change is offered by cultivation systems composed of two and more crops and defined as mixed cropping (MC) systems. The systems are characterized by a more efficient utilization of natural resources of the site as well as by a greater potential for arable soil protection. A question remains as to whether the MC system of growing maize and white sweetclover can be used for biogas yield. In the presented research study, a mixed cropping system was tested with maize (Zea mays L.) and white sweetclover (Melilotus albus MED.). The goal of our research was to determine an optimum ratio of maize and white sweetclover (s.c.) shreddings in silage for a biogas plant. For this purpose, model micro-silages of monocultures were prepared: maize (100%), white s.c. (100%), as well as variants with different weight shares of these two crops (maize:white s.c.; 3:7, 1:1, 7:3, 8:2, 8.5:1.5, 9:1). The silages were subjected to biomethanation tests, in order to determine the influence of the increased addition of white s.c. biomass on methane yield and methane concentration in biogas. The highest values of biogas yield were recorded in the maize monoculture and in the MC variant of maize and white s.c. at 9:1 (>0.26 m3/kgVS). The lowest methane yield values were recorded in the white s.c. monoculture (0.16 m3/kgVS). It was found out that the yield of methane decreased with an increasing share of white sweetclover in the maize silage, due to the increased content of poorly degradable organic substances and the presence of fermentation inhibitors (e.g., coumarin).
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Słupek, Edyta, Patrycja Makoś, and Jacek Gębicki. "Theoretical and Economic Evaluation of Low-Cost Deep Eutectic Solvents for Effective Biogas Upgrading to Bio-Methane." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 3379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133379.
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This paper presents the theoretical screening of 23 low-cost deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as absorbents for effective removal of the main impurities from biogas streams using a conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). Based on thermodynamic parameters, i.e., the activity coefficient, excess enthalpy, and Henry’s constant, two DESs composed of choline chloride: urea in a 1:2 molar ratio (ChCl:U 1:2), and choline chloride: oxalic acid in a 1:2 molar ratio (ChCl:OA 1:2) were selected as the most effective absorbents. The σ-profile and σ-potential were used in order to explain the mechanism of the absorptive removal of CO2, H2S, and siloxanes from a biogas stream. In addition, an economic analysis was prepared to demonstrate the competitiveness of new DESs in the sorbents market. The unit cost of 1 m3 of pure bio-methane was estimated to be in the range of 0.35–0.37 EUR, which is comparable to currently used technologies.
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González, Carlos Díaz, Andrés Amell Arrieta, and José Luis Suárez. "COMPARISON OF COMBUSTION PROPERTIES OF SIMULATED BIOGAS AND METHANE." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 3, no. 5 (December 31, 2009): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.459.
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The utilization of new renewable energy sources has been of special interest during the past years, seeking to decrease our dependence on fossil fuels and the corresponding environmental impact derived from their use. The combustion properties of a simulated gas composed of 60% methane and 40% carbon dioxide in volume are determined in this paper by means of calculation algorithms developed by the GASURE team, comparing them to pure methane properties. Furthermore, the effect of these properties on premixed flame characteristic phenomena is demonstrated. These properties were determined by theoretical estimations. The characteristic phenomena (laminar deflagration velocity, flame structure, radiation pattern) are determined experimentally. Results show a high effect of carbon dioxide in the combustion properties and characteristic parameters of a biogas premixed flame such as laminar deflagration velocity, flame structure and gas-methane exchangeability problems. The difference regarding flame structure and combustion properties lead to a difference in radiation pattern of the gases studied.
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Kataoka, N., T. Suzuki, K. Ishida, N. Yamada, N. Kurata, M. Katayose, and K. Honda. "Field test of methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 12 (June 1, 2002): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0415.
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A methane fermentation system for treating swine wastes was developed and successfully demonstrated in a field test plant (0.5 m3/d). The system was composed of a screw-press dehydrator, a methanogenic digester, a sludge separator, an oxidation ditch (OD) and composting equipment. A performance evaluation was carried out regarding physical pre-treatment using the screw-press dehydrator, methane fermentation for pre-treated slurry, and post-treatment for digested effluent by OD. Total solids (TS) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal by the screw-press pre-treatment were 38% and 22%, respectively. Properties of the screenings were as follows: water content 57%, ignition loss 93%, specific gravity 0.33. The pretreated strong slurry was digested under mesophilic conditions. Digestion gas (biogas) production rate was 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) and methane content of the biogas was 67%. CODCr removal of 65% with methane fermentation treatment of the slurry operating at 35°C was observed. No inhibition of methane fermentation reaction occurred at the NH4+-N concentration of 3,000 mg/l or less during methane fermentation by the system. Mass balance from the present pilot-scale study showed that 1m3 of mixture of excrement and urine of swine waste (TS 90 kg/m3) was biologically converted to 25 m3/m3-slurry (NTP) of biogas (methane content 67%), 100 kg of compost (water content 40%, ignition loss 75%), and 0.80 m3 of treated water (SS 30-70 mg/l).
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Nawaz, Ali, Rida Chaudhary, Ikram Ul Haq, Xiaoliang Fu, Rong Huang, Hamid Mukhtar, and Kankan Jiang. "Delignification of Halophyte Atriplex crassifolia by Green Recyclable Deep Eutectic Solvents for Enhanced Production of Biogas." Fermentation 9, no. 3 (March 22, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030314.
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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have upgraded the practices of valorizing lignocellulosic feedstock by lessening biomass recalcitrance through delignification in precise and economical manner. In this study, the influence of a series of deep eutectic mixtures was evaluated on the halophyte Atriplex crassifolia for achieving elevated biogas production. Initially, the biomass was pretreated via several DESs with varying hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) including carboxylic acids, amine/amide, and polyols/glycols. DES composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and lactic acid (LA) evidenced as the most effective solvent in achieving high lignin removal rates and was further optimized by evaluating the parameters of molar ratio of DES components, solid-to-liquid ratio, and solvent addition. A maximum delignification value of 89.5% was achieved by 15% diluted ChCl: LA (1:2) DES at a biomass loading of 1:15. The solubilization rate of diluted ChCl: LA was also raised up to 38%. FT-IR analysis revealed significant lignin elimination from ChCl: LA pretreated substrates. Moreover, ≥88% of ChCl: LA DES was recovered after up to three pretreatment cycles, retaining ≥85% delignification efficiency. Fresh DES-pretreated Atriplex crassifolia recorded 32.2 mL/g of biogas production yield due to increased cellulosic content. The findings validated Atriplex crassifolia as an efficient feedstock for biogas production and confirmed the affectivity of ChCl: LA pretreatment in eliminating the lignin barrier, ultimately making cellulosic sugars readily biodegradable and highly accessible for anaerobic microorganisms.
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Schiaroli, Nicola, Carlo Lucarelli, Maria Carmela Iapalucci, Giuseppe Fornasari, Antonio Crimaldi, and Angelo Vaccari. "Combined Reforming of Clean Biogas over Nanosized Ni–Rh Bimetallic Clusters." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111345.
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The combined steam/dry reforming of clean biogas (CH4/CO2 = 50/50 v/v) represents an innovative way to produce synthesis gas (CO + H2) using renewable feeds, avoiding to deplete the fossil resources and increase CO2 pollution. The reaction was carried out to optimize the reaction conditions for the production of a syngas with a H2/CO ratio suitable for the production of methanol or fuels without any further upgrading. Ni-Rh/Mg/Al/O catalysts obtained from hydrotalcite-type precursors showed high performances in terms of clean biogas conversion due to the formation of very active and resistant Ni-Rh bimetallic nanoparticles. Through the utilization of a {Ni10Rh(CO)19}{(CH3CH2)4N}3 cluster as a precursor of the active particles, it was possible to promote the Ni-Rh interaction and thus obtain low metal loading catalysts composed by highly dispersed bimetallic nanoparticles supported on the MgO, MgAl2O4 matrix. The optimization of the catalytic formulation improved the size and the distribution of the active sites, leading to a better catalyst activity and stability, with low carbon deposition with time-on-stream.
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Zieliński, Marcin, Marcin Dębowski, and Joanna Kazimierowicz. "Microwave Radiation Influence on Dairy Waste Anaerobic Digestion in a Multi-Section Hybrid Anaerobic Reactor (M-SHAR)." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2021): 1772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101772.
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Whey is a primary by-product of dairy plants, and one that is often difficult to manage. As whey processing units are costly and complicated, only 15–20% of whey is recycled for use in the food industry. The difficulties in managing waste whey are particularly pronounced for small, local dairy plants. One possible solution to this problem is to use advanced and efficient digesters. The aim of this study was to present an innovative multi-section hybrid anaerobic bioreactor (M-SHAR) design and to identify how microwave radiation heating (MRH) affects methane fermentation of liquid dairy waste (LDW) primarily composed of acid whey. The MRH reactor was found to perform better in terms of COD removal and biogas production compared with the convection-heated reactor. The heating method had a significant differentiating effect at higher organic load rates (OLRs). With OLRs ranging from 15 to 25 kgCOD∙m−3∙d−1, the M-SHAR with MRH ensured a 5% higher COD removal efficiency and 12–20% higher biogas yields.
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Syutsubo, Kazuaki, Hideki Harada, and Akiyoshi Ohashi. "Granulation and sludge retainment during start-up of a thermophilic UASB reactor." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1998): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0825.
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A laboratory-scale UASB reactor was operated at 55°C over 600 days in order to investigate the granulation mechanism under thermophilic conditions. The reactor was seeded with a thermophilic digested sewage sludge, and fed with a synthetic wastewater composed of sucrose and volatile fatty acids. As a result of establishment of the whole granulated sludge bed, the reactor allowed ultimately a volumetric COD loading of 45 kgCOD m−3 d−1 with 90% COD removal. The maximum sludge loading achieved was 3.7 gCOD·gVSS−1 d−1, that is two to three times as large as that of mesophilically grown sludge. The behavior of SRT (sludge retention time) was closely correlated with the biogas evolution flux: excessive biogas evolution at the highest COD loading (45 kgCOD m−3 d−1) enhanced the sludge washout, and thus led to shortening of SRT into less than 7 days. Methanogenic activities of the retained sludge increased finally up to 110 times for acetate, 25 times for propionate, and 3.6 times for hydrogen as large as those of the seeded sludge.