Academic literature on the topic 'Biogaz – Composés'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biogaz – Composés"
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Do, T. C. V., and H. W. Scherer. " Compost and biogas residues as basic materials for potting substrates." Plant, Soil and Environment 58, No. 10 (October 12, 2012): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/445/2012-pse.
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Recent concerns over the environmental impact of peat harvesting have led to restrictions on the production of peat based potting substrates. Therefore the objective of our study was to evaluate the use of compost and biogas residues without and each with 20% additives (Perlite, Styromull, Hygromull, Lecaton, Peat, Cocofiber) as a substitute for peat. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), chosen as an experimental plant, was cut four times. The results reveal that compost and biogas residues are suitable potting substrates. The incorporation of additives mixed into the basic materials partly resulted in higher yield and nutrient uptake. However, the difference among additives was mainly insignificant. Incorporation of Hygromull, especially into biogas residues favored plant growth and increased the uptake of nutrients, which is attributed to the fact that Hygromull stores nutrients and delivers them even later in the growing season. Furthermore Hygromull reduces the salt concentration of the medium, resulting in favored plant growth of younger plants.
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Sharma, Vaibhav. "Efficacy of Different Types of Composts on Growth, Yield and Quality Parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. Kashi Pragati." Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 9, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8768.
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The experiment entitled “Efficacy of different types of Composts on growth, yield and quality parameters of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) cv. Kashi Pragati” was conducted during Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 on experimental farm of Department of Horticulture, AKS University, Satna (M.P.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replicated 12 treatments viz., T0: Without compost (Control), T1: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Biogas slurry compost, T2: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Mushroom Spent compost, T3: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 100% Mushroom Spent compost, T4: 100% Vermicompost + 100% Biogas slurry compost +100% Mushroom Spent compost, T5: 100% Vermicompost + 50% Biogas slurry compost, T6: 100% Vermicompost + 50% Mushroom Spent compost, T7: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 50% Vermicompost, T8: 100% Biogas slurry compost + 50% Mushroom Spent compost, T9: 100% Mushroom Spent compost + 50% Vermicompost, T10: 100% Mushroom Spent compost + 50% Biogas slurry compost, T11: 50% Vermicompost + 50% Biogas slurry compost +50% Mushroom Spent compost. The results reveal that increase in Composts level had significant response on vegetative growth yield and quality of Okra. The treatment T4-100%Vermicompost +100% Biogas slurry compost +100% Mushroom Spent compost was found to be the best treatment among the different treatments with growth, yield and quality for Okra under satna condition.
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Faye, Omar Kata, Lat Grand Ndiaye, and Bassirou Sarr. "Étude comparative de la digestion anaérobie entre pulpes de la pomme de cajou, bouse de vache et leur codigestion." Journal de Physique de la SOAPHYS 2, no. 1b (March 5, 2021): C20A05–1—C20A05–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46411/jpsoaphys.2020.01.05.
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La digestion anaérobie est un processus naturel biologique de dégradation de la matière organique en absence d’oxygène, pour la production du biogaz. L’étude réalisée porte sur la valorisation des déchets organiques dans la région de la Casamance. Elle consiste à évaluer la production de biogaz par les pulpes de la pomme de cajou (PPC), comparée à celle de la production par la bouse de vache (BV) et celle de la codigestion de ces deux substrats. Trois dispositifs expérimentaux ont été conçus d’une part, pour la détermination de la composition du biogaz et d’autre part, neuf dispositifs expérimentaux basés sur la méthode du déplacement du liquide ont été mis en oeuvre pour la détermination du volume de biogaz. Les essais ont été triplet et les résultats basés sur la moyenne des mesures effectuées. Les expériences ont duré 40 jours dans un bain marie à 38 °C. Les résultats montrent un volume cumulé de 5 100 ml de biogaz avec un pourcentage en méthane de 62,95 % pour les (PPC) ; la (BV) présente un volume cumulé de biogaz de 3 256 ml, composé de 58,52 % de méthane et enfin la codigestion des substrats mélangés (50 % de pulpes de la pomme de cajou et 50% de bouse de vache), donne une production de 6 982 ml en volume cumulé contenant un pourcentage en méthane de 61,30 %. Ces résultats montrent l’importance de la codigestion sur l’amélioration des rendements de productions des substrats lors de la digestion anaérobie.
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Banerjee, Saikat, Naveen Prasad, and Sivamani Selvaraju. "Reactor Design for Biogas Production-A Short Review." Journal of Energy and Power Technology 4, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/jept.2201004.
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Biogas is an alternative to gaseous biofuels and is produced by the decomposition of biomass from substances such as animal waste, sewage sludge, and industrial effluents. Biogas is composed of methane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and oxygen. The anaerobic production of biogas can be made cheaper by designing a high throughput reactor and operating procedures. The parameters such as substrate type, particle size, temperature, pH, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, and inoculum concentration play a major role in the design of reactors to produce biogas. Multistage systems, batch, continuous one-stage systems, and continuous two-stage systems are the types of digesters used in the industry for biogas production. A comprehensive review of reactor design for biogas production is presented in the manuscript.
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Liu, Xueyu, Jieqiong Ma, and Hongguang Zhu. "Characteristics of leaching agents for heavy metal extraction and safe utilisation of pig farm biogas residues." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801016.
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The continuous development of biogas engineering in recent years has been accompanied by an increasing number of biogas-residue types in the environment. The existence of various heavy metal elements in biogas residues, particularly excessive amounts of zinc and copper in pig farm biogas residues, hinders their safe utilisation. Several studies have focused on an effective composition for biogas residues or on their effects on soil and plants. However, few investigations regarding the removal of harmful substances from biogas residues have been conducted. The characteristics of heavy metals leached from pig farm biogas residues using eight types of leaching agents were analysed in this study. It is expected that, based on this study, different uses for biogas residues can be developed under the premise of security. The results showed that the most suitable extractant of heavy metals from pig farm biogas residues was EDTA2Na. The leaching rates increased over time. The leaching rates of copper and zinc after 2 h were 21.91% and 48.66%, respectively. After being leached for 2 h by EDTA-2Na, the concentration of zinc met the requirements for moderate alkaline soil, according to the Control Limits against Harmful Substances in Composts for Agricultural Use (DB44/T 361-2006) standard.
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Hafizhah, Reka, and Riche Hariyati. "Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sampah Rumah Tangga Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris Pada Skala Laboratorium." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 14, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.14.2.73-77.
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Accumulation household organic waste caused environtment disturbances such as bad odor, methan occur, stoppage canal water, and disease spread. Organic waste processing are needed in order to reduce this problem. Processing household waste into composs was one way to reduce organic waste accumulation. The objective of this study is to determine optimal dose household composs for Chlorella vulgaris growth. Research are done in two phase within 9 days of each. Composs liquid doses for main research are 6%,7%,8%, 10%, and Walne fertilizer used as control. Result show effect of household composs on Chlorella vulgaris growth. Optimal doses for Chlorella vulgaris growth are composs liquid doses 8% and 10%. Key word: Household composs, Growth, Chlorella vulgaris.
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Timilsena, Narayan Prasad. "Biogas as a Source of Energy and its Production from Kitchen Waste." Educator Journal 10, no. 1 (July 27, 2022): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tej.v10i1.46739.
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This research was conducted to determine the efficiency of biogas generation from kitchen garbage and to present the various biogas production processes. The anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste produces a valuable energy resource, and the activity-based laboratory approach was applied for this purpose. The anaerobic breakdown is a microbiological process that produces biogas, mainly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. Biogas can be utilized as a source of energy and for a variety of other purposes. On the other hand, any potential applications require knowledge and information on the composition and quantity of components in the biogas produced. Sodium hydroxide must be added to maintain alkalinity and pH in the digester. The cow dung slurry, as well as kitchen garbage, were added to this reactor. This mixed Inoculum was combined to produce biogas in a small-scale activity. The production of biogas and methane from starch-rich and sugary material is determined on a small scale using simple digesters.
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TAHRI, Ahmed, and Slimane KALLOUM. "Energy Recovery by Production of Electricity from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste in the Saharan Environment." Algerian Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development 03, no. 01 (June 15, 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46657/ajresd.2021.3.1.7.
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Anaerobic digestion is a natural process of transforming organic matter into energy by methanogenic bacteria. This process is performed in the digesters in the absence of oxygen, they produce biogas composed mainly of methane (CH4) which is a combustible natural gas we can used in everyday life. In this work, we produced biogas using a continuous digester with a capacity of 4m3 and after the biogas purification; we used methane produced to run the generator to produce electricity. The results are very encouraging, where we have to produce electricity and cover the daily needs of the Algerian individual in electricity using 1m3 of biogas from our digester
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Sousa, Francine Aparecida, Alessandro Torres Campos, Pedro Ivo Sodré Amaral, Daiane Cecchin, and Alessandro Vieira Veloso. "PRODUÇÃO DE BIOGÁS PROVENIENTE DE CAMAS SOBREPOSTAS DE SUÍNOS." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p229-236.
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Foi avaliada a eficiência do processo de biodigestão anaeróbia e a produção de biogás proveniente de cama sobreposta de suínos em fase de terminação, em biodigestores de bancada. Foram utilizados 12 protótipos de biodigestores laboratoriais de batelada, confeccionados em recipiente plástico e PVC com o volume utilizado de 20 litros. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois materiais de cama sobreposta de suínos como substrato, diluídas em água: Tratamento (M+B) - cama de maravalha+bagaço de cana e tratamento (MAR) - cama de maravalha. Para cada tratamento, foi avaliado o potencial poluidor do efluente, por meio de parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, DBOt, DQOt e ST). Foi quantificada a produção de biogás a fim de verificar o potencial energético da cama sobreposta de suínos. Observou-se que, o tratamento (MAR) apresentou maiores valores de redução de ST. A eficiência de remoção de DQOt para a cama (M+B) foi de 66,04%, já para a cama (MAR) obteve-se redução de 30,80%. A produção do biogás proveniente da cama (M+B) foi significativamente superior à cama (MAR). O uso de biodigestores é interessante para promover o pós-tratamento (ou tratamento complementar) do efluente, obtendo-se, ainda, produção de energia na forma de biogás, que pode ser convertida em eletricidade, aumentando a sustentabilidade da granja. As camas sobrepostas de suínos, submetidas à biodigestão anaeróbia, tiveram reduções significativas dos conteúdos dos ST, SVT e DQO. A produção do biogás proveniente da cama sobreposta composta por maravalha+bagaço de cana foi significativamente superior à cama sobreposta composta por maravalha.PALAVRA-CHAVE: biodigestores, biodigestão anaeróbia, carga orgânica, instalações para suínos. PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS ORIGINATED FROM SWINE SUPERIMPOSED BEDSThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the anaerobic bio-digestion process and the production of biogas derived from superimposed beds of finishing swine, in tabletop biodigestors. Twelve continuous laboratory bio-digestor prototypes, assembled in plastic and PVC recipients, were used. The treatments constituted of two superimposed bed materials as substrate, diluted in water: Treatment S+B – wood shavings + sugarcane bagasse bed; and treatment SHA – wood shavings bed. For each treatment, the pollutant potential of the effluent was evaluated, by means of physical-chemical parameters (pH, DBOt, DQOt and ST). The production of biogas was quantified in order to verify the energetic potential of the beds. The SHA treatment presented higher ST reduction values. The S+B bed efficiency of DQOt removal was 66.04%, while the SHA bed was of 30.80%. The production of biogas originated from the superimposed bed constituted of sugarcane bagasse + wood shavings was significantly superior to the superimposed bed constituted of wood shavings. With this study, it was possible to conclude that the use of bio-digesters is interesting to promote the post-treatment (or complementary treatment) of the effluent, resulting on bioenergy generation, contributing to the system sustainability. Superimposed pig beds submitted to anaerobic biodigestion had significant reductions in ST, SVT and DQOt contents. The production of biogas from the overlapped bed composed of wood shavings + sugarcane bagasse was significantly superior to the superposed bed composed of wood shavings.KEYWORDS: Modeling bio-digestors, anaerobic bio-digestion, organic charge, facilities for swine
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DIRRENBERGER1, P. "Méthanisation (partie 2) : technologies de digestion et procédés utilisés – état de l’art." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 9 (September 21, 2020): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202009033.
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La méthanisation est un processus biologique de dégradation anaérobie de la matière organique, poursuivant deux buts principaux : une valorisation énergétique par la production de biogaz, composé en majorité de méthane (CH4) et de gaz carbonique (CO2), et une valorisation agronomique par la production de digestat (résidu organique liquide ou pâteux des déchets non digérés), riche en nutriments (azote, phosphore, potassium) et pouvant être utilisé comme fertilisant ou amendement (épandage direct ou compostage). La méthanisation suit un schéma global relativement générique (prétraitement des déchets entrants; digestion; posttraitement du digestat produit et valorisation du biogaz), mais les technologies existantes et les procédés qui leur sont associés sont souvent complexes et variés. Certaines technologies ont été développées en voie humide (réacteurs infiniment mélangés, à lit fixe, à lit fluidisé ou à lit de boues) et d’autres en voie sèche (réacteurs verticaux à recirculation de digestat ou de biogaz, horizontaux à piston, batch à percolation ou cellules de méthanisation). Les procédés qui sont associés à ces diverses technologies se différencient par les choix de prétraitement et de posttraitement appliqués en amont et en aval de la méthanisation, avec une contrainte principale : la nature des déchets à méthaniser. Toutes les variantes sont ensuite possibles à décliner afin d’optimiser l’efficacité du procédé choisi.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biogaz – Composés"
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Chottier, Claire. "Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium et sulfure d'hydrogène - Analyse - Traitement - Impact sur la valorisation des biogaz." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715818.
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Le biogaz fait partie des stratégies de diversifications des énergies renouvelables à l'échelle européenne. Un des freins technico-économiques à la valorisation en moteur thermique est la formation de dépôts abrasifs résultant de la combustion d'impuretés contenues dans les biogaz notamment les Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium (COVSi communément appelés siloxanes) qui pénalisent le fonctionnement et les coûts de maintenance associés. L'impact négatif sur la filière est conséquent, de même que celui du sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S). Les recherches, articulées en 3 axes, sont développées avec la volonté de prendre en compte la réalité industrielle : -Analyse de dépôts moteurs prélevés sur plusieurs sites industriels. Ils sont caractérisés par analyses élémentaire, diffraction des rayons X, microcalorimétrie et microscopie électronique. L'objectif est de réfléchir à la possibilité d'utiliser les caractéristiques physico-chimiques d'un dépôt comme un indicateur de la qualité du biogaz dont il est issu. -Comparatif de deux méthodes d'analyses des COVSi, non seulement concernant les biais analytiques liés à la nature même des composés, mais aussi sur les difficultés liées aux prélèvements de biogaz sur site. Les résultats permettent d'appréhender les valeurs absolues des résultats analytiques avec plus de recul et de les pondérer. -Evaluation de traitements épuratoires du biogaz vis-à-vis des COVSi et d'H2S. Un comparatif des performances de plusieurs charbons actifs est réalisé au laboratoire en conditions contrôlées, et sur le terrain. Un réacteur de traitement gaz-liquide est testé sur biogaz réel pour en apprécier les performances vis-à-vis de certains COVSi. L'ensemble de cette étude permet de réfléchir sur la pertinence du choix des critères de qualité d'un biogaz, mais aussi sur les méthodes analytiques d'évaluation de ces critères. Ce dernier point est fondamental pour toute mise en œuvre et dimensionnement d'un système de traitement épuratoire.
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Gachet, Céline. "Evolution bio-physico-chimique des déchets enfouis au Centre de Stackage de Déchets Ultimes du SYDOM du Jura sous l'effet de la recirculation des lixiviats." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0022/these.pdf.
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Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans un programme de recherche ADEME sur la gestion d'un Centre de Stockage de Déchets Ultimes, CSDU, en mode bioréacteur. Le projet a été défini afin d'évaluer l'impact de la recirculation des lixiviats sur les lixiviats et le biogaz et la stabilisation de la fraction organique fermentescible présente dans le massif de déchets. Les travaux de recherche ont consisté tout d'abord à développer des tests de laboratoire de simulation des conditions de stockage et à mettre en œuvre une méthodologie de caractérisation bio-physico-chimique des déchets ménagers du SYDOM du Jura pour évaluer l'influence des facteurs physico-chimiques sur l'évolution et la biostabilité de la matière organique. Par ailleurs, une partie des travaux de recherche a été consacrée à l'étude sur site. Le taux d'humidité des déchets est le principal facteur d'influence sur l'activité méthanogène. Par ailleurs, la recirculation des lixiviats semble influer sur la mobilisation des éléments solubles vers la phase liquide, favorisant leur contact avec les micro-organismes, avec pour conséquence la stimulation de la production de biogaz. L'évolution des caractéristiques bio-physico-chimiques des déchets avant et après incubation confirme ces observations. Les déchets ayant subi une recirculation présentent une biodégradation et une humification avancée par rapport aux déchets sans recirculation. Le suivi réalisé sur le site laisse apparaître de nombreuses fluctuations sur les paramètres liés à la production de biogaz et de lixiviats. Toutefois, les résultats semblent également montrer l'influence de la recirculation sur la matière soluble des déchetsThe bioreactor landfill is designed to optimize the humidity rate of the waste and the anaerobic biodegradation of the waste organic matter by leachate recirculation. The major interest of leachate recirculation is to increase the gas production rate under controlled moisture content and hence, to reduce the time period of leachate & biogas treatment. In partnership with the SYDOM of Jura and ADEME, leachate recirculation was performed in situ. In the same time, bioreactor cells at laboratory-scale were performed to determine the effect of several physico-chemical factors for the waste biostabilization and to determine the changes in waste organic matter. The bioreactor landfill increase the gas production rate and the waste biodegradation. At pilot with leachate recirculation, organic matter accumulate to much higher level in the leachate. In pilot with leachate recirculation, organic matter is more stable than organic matter of waste in pilot without leachate recycling
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Charry, Prada Iran David. "Etude et conception de réacteurs polyphasés en vue de la désulfuration de biogaz en pré- et post- combustion." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM019/document.
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Le biogaz est une source d’énergie qui intéresse de plus en plus l’Europe et notamment la France pour ses avantages environnementaux et économiques. Produit de la fermentation de matière organique, il contient du biométhane. Ce dernier est une alternative plus durable aux énergies fossiles. Cependant, à l’état brut, les polluants dans le biogaz peuvent provoquer des dégâts sur la santé et l’environnement, notamment en raison de la présence de siloxanes et des composés soufrés. L’objectif de cette recherche consiste donc à développer des méthodes améliorant à la fois économiquement et écologiquement la désulfuration du biogaz, dans le but de les intégrer aux unités de traitement du biogaz déjà existantes et présentes sur le territoire. A partir d’un état de l’art sur les propriétés du biogaz et ses traitements de purification, deux procédés ont été particulièrement mis en avant et étudiés dans cette thèse. Le premier correspond au traitement de la désulfuration en précombustion consistant à éliminer le H2S et les siloxanes à travers un réacteur polyphasé à barbotage gaz-liquide spécifique, utilisant un nouveau solvant avec des propriétés « superacides ». Le second, quant à lui, correspond au traitement en postcombustion de la désulfuration des fumées provenant de la combustion du gaz, via un réacteur polyphasé à lit fixe gaz-solide. Pour ce faire, un prototype de l’unité de désulfuration est intégralement conçu, construit et testé dans le cadre de la thèse. Cette thèse présente notamment le développement des différents modèles numériques, ainsi que les résultats d’expériences en laboratoire, confirmant l’efficacité de ces procédés innovantsBiogas. It is an energy source increasingly popular in Europe, remarkably in France, due to its environmental-friendly and economic-saving capabilities. It is produced by the organic matter fermentation, leading to biomethane production, as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, as a raw gas, pollutants in biogas lead to environmental, health and process-related issues, especially because of its unique content on sulfur compounds. The objective of this research is to develop new processes, economically and environmentally feasible, for biogas desulfurization, seeking a process integration in existing biogas treatment units in France. Considering the state of the art on biogas properties and its possible purification treatments, two processes have been identified and studied in this thesis. The first process is a precombustion desulfurization treatment aiming to eliminate the H2S and the siloxanes through a gas-liquid bubbling-typed polyphasic reactor. This reactor is equipped with a new solvent with “superacid” properties. The second process is a postcombution desulfurization treatment for stack gas, through a gas-solid fixed-bed polyphasic reactor. A prototype of this unit was entirely designed, built and tested in the thesis. This thesis describes the applied research method, the developed numerical models, and the experimental results confirming the efficiency of the novel processes
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Ohannessian, Aurélie. "Composés organiques volatils du silicium : un frein à la valorisation énergétique des biogaz : "génèse et mécanismes de formation"." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0106/these.pdf.
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Le principal verrou technologique au développement de la valorisation électrique des biogaz concerne les Composés Organiques Volatils du Silicium qui conduisent à des dépôts abrasifs dans les moteurs et engendrent une usure prématurée des systèmes de conversion du biogaz en électricité. Cette problématique des COVSi doit absolument être prise en compte, scientifiquement et techniquement, pour pérenniser la filière de valorisation des biogaz. Il s’agit d’une thématique très peu, voire mal connue. Les difficultés d’analyse des COVSi ainsi que leur apparition relativement récente dans les biogaz sont les principales raisons de ce manque de connaissances. La démarche de recherche de ces premiers travaux académiques sur les COVSi dans les biogaz a été construite selon trois axes : Le 1er axe est consacré à l’étude en laboratoire des mécanismes de dégradation bio-physico-chimique des silicones, qui sont à l’origine de l’apparition des COVSi dans les biogaz. Les influences du pH, des cations et du contexte biologique sur la dégradation d’huiles silicones ont été mises en évidence. Le 2ème axe est dédié à l’évaluation des teneurs en COVSi dans les biogaz d’Installation de Stockage de Déchets Non Dangereux (ISDND), ainsi que dans les boues de STations d’Epuration (STEP) et les biogaz issus de leur digestion. Une méthode d’analyse des COVSi fiable a été développée. Elle a permis de montrer que la nature des COVSi dépend du type de déchets organiques qui sont méthanisés. Enfin, le 3ième axe présente une étude macroscopique de la production et de la consommation des silicones. Elle a permis d’établir des hypothèses sur la répartition des silicones en fin de vie, selon les deux filières d’éliminationNumerous directives and laws, at different levels, national and european, support the development of biogas conversion as a renewable energy resource. The main problem concerning the developpment of biogas valorisation is Volatil Organic Silicon Compounds (currently named " siloxanes " in the litterature). Combustion of these compounds, when producing electricity, produces, abrasive microcrystalline silica that has chemical and physical properties similar to those of glass and causes serious damages to gas engines, heat exchangers… Consequently, VOSiC are considered as the most penalizing compounds in biogases. VOSiC problematic has to be took into account seriously to make this way durable in the future. The thematic is very bad known. Analysis difficulties and their recent apparition in biogases are one of the reasons of this lack of knowledge. The approach of this academic work on VOSiC in biogases has been built around three ways : The first one is dedicated to a laboratory scale approach on silicone degradation (that are the origin of the problem), especially chemical and biological influence. PH, cations and biological influences have been underlined during these experiments. The second one concerns the assessment of VOSiC levels in biogases from landfills and from sludge digesters. A way to analyse these compounds has been developepd. It has shown that VOSiC nature depends on the type of organic wastes that are degraded. The third one summarises the results of a macroscopic study dealing with silicone production and consumption. Assumption on silicone partition at the end of their life have been emitted, concerning the two ways taken by wastes during their treatment. This whole study gives a global vision of VOSiC problematic in biogases. It would help to determine future works to developp for biogas valorisation optimisation
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Chiriac, Rodica Elena. "Caractérisation des émissions de compsés organiques volatils issus des centre de stockage de déchets ménagers et assimilés et de leur dispersion dans l'environnement." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAL0077.
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Un centre de stockage des déchets (CSD) Ménagers et Assimiliés crée une pollution aérienne par le rejet de Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) à l'état de traces, qui sont nocifs pour la santé et l'environnement. Outre la technique d'absorption sur tubes suivie d'extraction par solvant et analyse chromatographique au laboratoire, un couplage pré-concentrateur-thermo-désorbeur / micro-gaz chromatographe a été mis au point pour l'analyse " in-situ " de COV. Pour caractériser ces émissions de COV et leur dispersion dans l'environnement, plusieurs études ont été réalisées : " Étude de l'émission de COV à partir des alvéoles en exploitation ", " Étude de formation de COV à partir d'un pilote de stockage d'Ordures Ménagères (OM) ", " Étude de la dispersion de COV à partir d'un CSD d'OM ". L'ensemble de ces résultats a permis une approche des phénomènes d 'émission et de dispersion des COV à partir d'un CSD d'OMA municipal landfill causes an atmospheric pollution by the emission of the trace volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are harmful for health and environment. Beyond the adsorption technique on sorbant tubes followed by solvent extraction and GC/MS analysis in the laboratory, a coupling preconcentrator-thermo-desorption /micro-gas chromatograph was settled for on-site monitoring of trace VOC. To evaluate the environmental impact of this traces various studies were realized: “Study of the emission of VOC from landfill cells in operation”, “Study of the formation of VOC from a pilot-scale municipal landfill”, “Study of the dispersion of VOC from a municipal landfill”. All the results permitted an approach of the emission and dispersion phenomena of VOC from a municipal landfill
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Lecharlier, Aurore. "Caractérisation des composés trace dans le biogaz et biométhane : développement d'une méthode d'échantillonnage, de préconcentration in situ et d'analyse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3008.
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Afin d’accroître les connaissances sur les composés traces présents dans les biogaz et biométhane et de garantir l’intégration durable de ces gaz dans le mix énergétique européen, une chaîne analytique complète a été développée dont un élément central est un dispositif d’échantillonnage de terrain permettant la préconcentration directe in situ des composés traces en prélevant ces gaz à leur pression actuelle (≤ 200 bara). Les composés traces ciblés dans ce travail incluent : alcanes (linéaires, cycliques, polycycliques), aromatiques, terpènes, alcènes, espèces organiques halogénées, espèces organiques oxygénées (alcools, aldéhydes, esters, éthers, cétones), siloxanes, composés soufrés organiques et inorganiques.L’état de l’art des techniques de prélèvement de gaz et de préconcentration pour la détermination de composés traces dans des matrices gazeuses a premièrement été réalisé. Sur base de cette étude, il fut choisi d’effectuer la préconcentration sur des tubes d’adsorbants multi-lits (TAM) assemblés manuellement. Le système de préconcentration fut élaboré et optimisé au laboratoire en sélectionnant des adsorbants commerciaux; les procédures d’assemblage et de conditionnement des nouveaux TAM furent établies; l’efficacité de quatre configurations de TAM à adsorber et libérer des composés traces ciblés fut testée en utilisant des mélanges de gaz synthétiques certifiés contenant des composés à l’état de traces (1 ppmmol) dans une matrice N2 ou CH4. Les analytes préconcentrés sur les TAM sont récupérés par désorption thermique (DT) des tubes au moyen d’un nouveau prototype de DT pour être analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CG) couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (SM).Deuxièmement, la méthode analytique et le prototype de DT ont été validés. Il fut démontré que le pouvoir résolutif du prototype de DT était plus élevé que celui obtenu par d’autres techniques de préconcentration ou d’autres méthodes d’injection en CG, telles que la microextraction en phase solide ou l’injection directe de gaz. Par ailleurs, les paramètres de CG-SM furent optimisés pour détecter le large spectre de composés traces potentiellement présents dans le biogaz et biométhane.Troisièmement, un prototype haute-pression innovant fut évalué, permettant le prélèvement de gaz pressurisés (≤ 200 bara) à travers les TAM pour la préconcentration directe et sous haute-pression des composés traces présents dans ces gaz. Ce prototype fut validé au laboratoire au moyen de mélanges de gaz synthétiques pressurisés avant d’être utilisé sur le terrain pour prélever du biométhane à 40 bara au niveau d’un poste d’injection dans le réseau de gaz naturel.Ensuite, la chaîne d’échantillonnage fut assemblée pour mener 6 campagnes de prélèvement durant lesquelles 6 flux différents de biogaz et biométhane furent prélevés sur une installation de stockage de déchets non dangereux et deux sites de méthanisation valorisant divers intrants. Les composés traces de ces gaz furent qualitativement déterminés via la méthode de DT-CG-SM élaborée. En un unique prélèvement et utilisant des volumes de gaz réduits (0.5 – 2 LN), un large spectre de composés traces issus de diverses familles chimiques (alcools, aldéhydes, alcènes, aromatiques, alcanes, esters, éthers, halogénés, cétones, soufrés, siloxanes et terpènes) furent identifiés. Des variations de composition en composés traces furent observées dans les différents gaz et les corrélations potentielles entre intrants, procédés de traitement des gaz et composés traces identifiés, furent discutées. La génération du mono-terpène p-cymène et d’autres terpènes dans les méthaniseurs digérant surtout des résidus alimentaires, a notamment été mise en évidence. La procédure de préconcentration haute-pression in situ développée dans ce travail peut certainement contribuer à faciliter les opérations de prélèvements de gaz sur le terrain pour déterminer les composés traces dans des matrices gazeuses telles que le biogaz et le biométhaneIn pursuance of enhancing knowledge on biogas and biomethane’s trace compounds to help guarantee their sustainable integration in today’s European energy mix, a field sampling set-up enabling direct in situ preconcentration of non-metallic trace compounds in such gas samples at their pipe working pressure (up to 200 bara) was developed. Non-metallic trace compounds targeted in this work included alkanes (linear, cyclic, polycyclic), aromatics, terpenes, alkenes, halogenated organic species, oxygenated organic species (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, furans and ethers, ketones), siloxanes, organic and inorganic Sulphur-compounds. Firstly, state-of-the-art gas sampling and preconcentration techniques for the determination of trace compounds in gaseous matrices were reviewed. Based on this review, preconcentration was chosen to be performed on self-assembled multibed adsorbent tubes (MAT). The preconcentration system was elaborated and optimized in the laboratory: convenient commercial adsorbents were selected; procedures for the assembly and conditioning of new MAT were established; four MAT configurations were tested on their efficiency in adsorbing and releasing targeted trace compounds using certified synthetic gas mixtures containing targeted species at trace concentrations (1 ppmmol) in CH4 or N2 matrices. Analytes preconcentrated on MAT were recovered for analysis by thermal desorption (TD) of the tubes using a new TD prototype followed by gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with mass spectrometry (MS) (TD-GC-MS). Secondly, the analytical method, and in particular the new TD prototype, was validated. The chromatographic resolution power of the new TD prototype was proved to be higher than that obtained from other well established preconcentration or GC-injection methods such as solid phase microextraction or direct headspace gas injection. Besides, GC-MS parameters were optimized to detect the broad range of trace compounds potentially found in biogas and biomethane.Thirdly, the use of a novel high-pressure tube sampling (HPTS) prototype was evaluated for the circulation of pressurized gases (up to 200 bara) through MAT for the direct high-pressure preconcentration of trace compounds from such gases. The HPTS was first validated in the laboratory using pressurized certified synthetic gas mixtures, and then used on field to sample compressed biomethane at a natural gas grid injection station at 40 bara.Subsequently, the field sampling chain was set-up and 6 field sampling campaigns were conducted where 6 different streams of landfill gas, biogas and biomethane were collected at a landfill plant and two anaerobic digestion plants treating diverse feedstocks. Trace compounds were qualitatively determined in all gas samples via the developed TD-GC-MS method. In a single sampling run and using limited gas volumes ranging 0.5 – 2 LN, a wide range of trace compounds in a variety of chemical families (alcohols, aldehydes, alkenes, aromatics, alkanes (linear, cyclic and polycyclic), esters, furans and ethers, halogenated species, ketones, Sulphur-compounds, siloxanes and terpenes) were identified. Variations in trace compounds composition were observed in the different gases sampled and potential correlations between feedstocks nature, implemented gas treatment processes and trace compounds determined were discussed. In particular, the substantial generation of the mono-terpene p-cymene and of other terpenes was evidenced for anaerobic digestion plants treating principally food-wastes. It is believed the shortened and high-pressure-proof field preconcentration procedure developed in this work can contribute facilitating field sampling operations for the determination of trace compounds in complex gas matrices such as biogas and biomethane
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Pinel-Raffaitin, Pauline. "Suivi des métaux et métalloïdes dans les effluents de centres de stockage de déchets : Spéciation et devenir des composés de l'arsenic et de l'étain dans les lixiviats et les biogaz." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134725.
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Les centres de stockage de déchets (CSD) ménagers et assimilés constituent encore une filière de gestion très répandue Ce sont de véritables « boites noires » dans lesquelles des phénomènes physiques, chimiques et biologiques interviennent simultanément. Deux effluents sont produits au cours de la dégradation des déchets : les lixiviats et les biogaz. Même si le contact entre les effluents et le système environnant est limité, leur suivi est nécessaire pour améliorer leur traitement et prévenir les risques sanitaires et environnementaux. Ce travail a eu pour objectif de mettre en place des méthodologies analytiques adaptées aux métaux et métalloïdes afin d'étudier leur devenir dans les effluents de CSD. L'étude approfondie de l'arsenic (As) et de l'étain (Sn) a été motivée par leur présence dans les déchets (verres, composants métalliques, plastiques), par leur existence sous forme de nombreuses espèces et par la toxicité avérée de certaines de leurs formes chimiques. L'optimisation des protocoles d'analyse de spéciation de As et Sn dans les deux matrices complexes a permis leur suivi au sein des CSD en intégrant les caractéristiques des sites et les données climatiques. La répartition des espèces a été examinée en tenant compte de leur occurrence initiale dans les déchets. Des processus de formation et de mobilisation ont été proposés pour expliquer leur présence dans les deux effluents : d'une part la mobilisation à partir des déchets (espèces inorganiques de As et Sn, espèces butylées et mono- et diméthylées de Sn) et d'autre part la méthylation et l'éthylation par voie biologique (espèces méthylées de As et espèces méthylées et éthylées de Sn, ioniques et gazeuses).
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Boulinguiez, Benoît. "Procédé d'adsorption et régénération électrothermique sur textile de carbone activé : une solution pour la problématique des COV dans des gaz à fort potentiel énergétique." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540206.
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Un procédé d’adsorption–électrodésorption sur textile de carbone activé est proposé afin de répondre à la problématique des composés organiques volatils à l’état de traces dans les gaz à fort potentiel énergétique : biogaz et gaz de ville. Une approche expérimentale en deux parties a été conduite afin de premièrement, sélectionner le matériau adéquat dans les conditions opératoires considérées et modéliser les phénomènes physico-chimiques relatifs à l’adsorption et la désorption thermique, deuxièmement, mettre en oeuvre ce matériau dans une unité pilote de purification en continu, à l’échelle du laboratoire. Un échantillon représentatif de COV est retenu : toluène, isopropanol, dichlorométhane, éthanethiol, octaméthylecyclotétrasiloxane et tétrahydrothiophène. L’adsorption et la désorption de ces composés sur différents textiles de carbone activé sont caractérisées, modélisées et quantifiées afin de pouvoir dimensionner l’unité pilote de traitement en continuAn adsorption-electrodesorption process on activated carbon fabric is deemed to address the issue of volatile organic compounds at trace concentrations in methane-rich gases : biogas and natural gas. The experimental procedure is divided into two connected sections so as to, firstly, assess the potential of several materials and define the most relevant in the working conditions by means of modelling chemical and physical phenomena adsorption-bound and desorption-bound; secondly implement this fabric in a specific lab-scale pilot-unit, designed to perform continuous treatment. Adsorption and desorption in steady conditions of the studied organic volatile compounds: toluene, isopropanol, methylene chloride, ethanethiol, octamethylecyclotetrasiloxane et tetrahydrothiophene, on several activated carbon fabrics are characterised, modelled et quantified in order to design the lab-scale pilot-unit
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Radu, Tirnoveanu Daniela. "Etude des propriétés épuratoires des Mâchefers d'Incinération d'Ordures Ménagères et de leur mise en oeuvre." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0082/these.pdf.
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L'évolution de nos sociétés, et en particulier des modes de consommation associés, conduit à une augmentation constante du gisement de déchets, en particulier en provenance des ménages. Malgré une volonté politique de favoriser le tri/recyclage des ordures ménagères, une grande partie de ces dernières est éliminée au sein de deux filières : le stockage en centre d'enfouissement technique et l'incinération. Le stockage en conditions anaérobies, conduit à la formation de biogaz de décharge qui contient une proportion de méthane permettant sa valorisation énergétique, mais également des composés à l'état de traces (sulfures, composés organiques volatils) malodorants, corrosifs, agressifs, et nuisibles à l'environnement. L'incinération, quant à elle, génère des sous-produits solides, en particulier des mâchefers d'incinération d'ordures ménagères (MIOM), qu'il faut à leur tour stocker ou valoriser après traitement. Notre étude porte sur une nouvelle voie de valorisation des mâchefers : l'épuration du biogaz de décharge. Dans ce contexte, une expérimentation de taille pilote a été conçue et utilisée sur le site du centre d'enfouissement technique de Roche la Molière (département 42). Cette installation a permis de tester le potentiel épuratoire d'un mâchefer provenant de l'usine d'incinération de Lyon-Nord (département 69), sur du biogaz réel. Le suivi analytique par chromatographie en phase gazeuse a porté principalement sur les composés soufrés (sulfure d'hydrogène, mercaptans), mais également sur quelques composés organiques volatils majoritaires. Des études de désorption thermique ont par ailleurs été réalisées en laboratoire. Les résultats montrent que les mâchefers présentent des capacités épuratoires significatives, en particulier vis-à-vis des composés soufrés qui se trouvent ainsi minéralisés après réaction chimique. La quantification du potentiel épuratoire du mâchefer a permis un dimensionnement à l'échelle du terrain et a conduit à une proposition de leur utilisation au sein d'une décharge pour un traitement in situ du biogazThe evolution of our societies, and specifically the associated trends in consumer consumption, have led to a continual increase in waste production, and particularly household waste. Despite a strong political will to develop source separation and recycling of household waste, the majority of this waste stream is disposed of by two main techniques : storage in engineered landfills and incineration. Storage in anaerobic conditions, leads to the formation of landfill biogas which contains sufficient methane for combustion and energy recovery, but also contains compounds (sulphides, volatile organic compounds) in trace amounts which produce olfactory nuisances and are corrosive, aggressive and hazardous to the environment. As for incineration, it produces solid wastes and in particular bottom ash which needs to be stored or reused after treatment. Our study focuses on a new way of reusing incinerator bottom ash, notably for the purification of landfill biogas. As part of this study, a pilot test unit was developed and operated at the Roche la Molière engineered landfill (department 42). The purification potential of bottom ash from the North-Lyon (department 69) incineration plant was tested on real landfill biogas using this pilot test unit. The gas phase chromatography analysis was mainly used to measure sulphur based compounds (hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans), but was also used to measure the main volatile organic compounds. Thermal desorption studies were also completed in the laboratory. The results show that the incinerator bottom ash presents significant purification potential and in particular with regards to the sulphur compounds which are mineralised by way of chemical reactions. The quantification of the purification potential of the incinerator bottom ash allowed for full scale dimensioning and the validation of their use directly within the landfill for in situ biogas treatment
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Chiriac, Rodica Elena Carré Jean Perrodin Yves. "Caractérisation des émissions de composés organiques volatils issus des centres de stockage de déchets ménagers et assimilés et de leur dispersion dans l'environnement." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=chiriac.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Biogaz – Composés"
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Fulford, David. "Biogas effluent as compost." In Small-scale Rural Biogas Programmes, 83–97. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780448497.005.
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Chong, Hong Joon. "Compost-Heated Small Scale Farm Digester Appropriate for Korean Conditions." In Biogas Technology, Transfer and Diffusion, 283–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4313-1_34.
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Krause, Ariane. "Valuing Waste – A Multi-method Analysis of the Use of Household Refuse from Cooking and Sanitation for Soil Fertility Management in Tanzanian Smallholdings." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 91–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_5.
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AbstractThe starting point of this work is the intention of two farmers’ initiatives to disseminate locally developed and adapted cooking and sanitation technologies to smallholder households in Karagwe District, in northwest Tanzania. These technologies include improved cooking stoves (ICSs), such as microgasifiers, and a system combining biogas digesters and burners for cooking, as well as urine-diverting dry toilets, and thermal sterilisation/pasteurisation for ecological sanitation (EcoSan). Switching to the new alternatives could lead to a higher availability of domestic residues for soil fertility management. These residues include biogas slurry from anaerobic digestion, powdery biochar from microgasifiers and sanitised human excreta from EcoSan facilities. Such recycling-driven approaches address an existing problem for many smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa, namely, the lack of soil amenders to sufficiently replenish soil nutrients and soil organic matter (SOM) in soils used for agricultural activity. This example from Tanzania systematically examines the nexus of ‘energy-sanitation-agriculture’ in smallholder farming systems. The short-term experiments demonstrated that all soil amenders that were analysed could significantly enhance crop productivity. CaSa-compost – the product of co-composting biochar with sanitised human excreta – quadrupled grain yields. The observed stimulation of crop yield and also plant nutrition is attributed to improved nutrient availability caused by a direct increase of soil pH and of plant-available phosphorus (P) in the soil. The assessment of the lasting soil implications revealed that CaSa-compost and biogas slurry both show the long-term potential to roughly double yields of maize. Corresponding nutrient requirements can be adequately compensated through residue capturing and subsistence production of soil amenders. The potential of CaSa-compost for sustainable soil fertility management is superior to that of standard compost, especially with respect to liming, replenishing soil P and restoring SOM. Biogas slurry, however, yields inferior results in all aspects when compared to compost amendments.
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Filho, Jamerson Fábio Silva, Dalcimar Regina Batista Wangen, Alessandra Vieira da Silva, Kerly Cristina Pereira, Jaberson Basílio de Melo, and Ivaniele Nahas Duarte. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUIMICA DO COMPOSTO ORGÂNICO ORIUNDO DE BORRA DE CAFÉ." In Solos nos biomas brasileiros, 124–28. Antonella Carvalho de Oliveira, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.08718141212.
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BATISTA, F. O., and R. S. SOUSA. "Frutos do cerrado (Annona crassiflora, Campomanesia cambessedeana, Eugenia dysenterica) e potencial aplicação na indústria de alimentos: revisão." In A indústria de alimentos e a economia circular: alimentando uma nova consciência. Agron Food Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53934/9786599539640-23.
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O Cerrado é um dos maiores biomas sul-americanos apresentando uma grande diversidade de frutos pouco explorados economicamente, mas com grande potencial nutritivo e sensorial. Os frutos oriundos desse bioma, como o araticum (Annona crassiflora), a gabiroba (Campomanesia cambessedeana) e a cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica), ainda são consumidos frescos e seus produtos derivados são restritos ao mercado local. A exploração comercial dos frutos é realizada pelas famílias locais de forma extrativista ou por comunidades organizadas em associações e ou cooperativas. Essas espécies frutíferas são fontes de minerais, vitaminas e compostos bioativos, que favorecem o seu uso. Diversas pesquisas têm avaliado o emprego desses frutos na elaboração de diferentes produtos alimentícios (polpa, suco, néctar, vinho, pão, sorvete, geleia, iogurte, entre outros), gerando alternativas para diminuir as perdas no pós-colheita, agregar valor e estender a sazonalidade dos frutos. Além disso, são possíveis de extração de seus compostos bioativos, como carotenóides, polifenólicos e ácido ascórbico, que apresentam capacidade antioxidante para utilização com fins nutracêuticos.
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Silva, Alessandra Vieira da, Dalcimar Regina Batista Wangen, Jamerson Fábio Silva Filho, Kerly Cristina Pereira, Lara Gonçalves de Souza, and Ivaniele Nahas Duarte. "COMPOSTO DE BORRA DE CAFÉ NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L.)." In Solos nos biomas brasileiros, 129–37. Antonella Carvalho de Oliveira, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.08718141213.
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Sousa, Maria Renata Furtado de, Allysson Pontes Pinheiro, Francisco Rodrigo Lemos Caldas, Maria Inês Rodrigues Machado, Francisco Fernando Ferreira Garcia, and João Hermínio da Silva. "REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA: COMPOSTOS FENÓLICOS EM PLANTAS DA FAMÍLIA APIACEAE." In Fitoquímica: potencialidades biológicas dos biomas brasileiros - Volume 2, 170–84. Editora Científica Digital, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/220709559.
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Amorim, I. C. S., A. C. M. Oliveira, and T. N. Amaral. "COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS PRESENTES EM CHÁS E INFUSÕES DE PANCS: REVISÃO." In PESQUISAS E ATUALIZAÇÕES EM CIÊNCIA DOS ALIMENTOS. Agron Food Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53934/9786599539657-75.
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No Brasil encontra-se 13% da riqueza da biota mundial. Aproximadamente 10% da flora brasileira possuem partes comestíveis que poderiam ser utilizadas para incrementar a diversidade alimentar. Isso reflete o pouco aproveitamento das espécies nativas e a supervalorização das plantas exóticas, essas espécies recebem o título de Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANCs). Destacam-se como plantas que possuem uma ou mais partes comestíveis, sendo espontâneas ou cultivadas, nativas ou exóticas que não fazem parte da nossa alimentação diária. Vêm ganhando espaços nas mídias, em discussões científicas e também na mesa das pessoas, são utilizadas como tempero, corante e chá/infusão. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura utilizando artigos científicos nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, SciELO e periódicos CAPES. Os descritores utilizados nas buscas foram: “compostos bioativos”, “chás”, “planta medicinal”, “PANCs” e “saber popular”, publicados entre 2000 até a atualidade e com idiomas português e inglês. As principais plantas alimentícias citadas nesta revisão são: a hortelã, vinagreira, jurubeba e o dente de leão. Tendo em vista a importância da avaliação e da disseminação do conhecimento sobre a disponibilidade de recursos alimentícios nativos, suas formas de uso, partes utilizadas e dos potenciais destes recursos alimentares, o presente estudo propõem um levantamento das principais espécies de PANCs pesquisadas, com o objetivo de incentivar o uso das plantas alimentícias não convencionais utilizadas no consumo de chás e os benefícios que estas trazem para a saúde.
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Gerowitt, Bärbel, and Barbara Baraibar. "Advances in managing arable weed propagules." In Advances in integrated weed management, 47–84. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0098.03.
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The soil propagule bank acts as a reservoir from where weeds colonize arable fields and is composed of weeds seeds and ramets, which are fragments from clonal growth of perennial weeds. This chapter first describes the ways by which weed propagules have been historically managed. It then discusses advances in managing weed propagules with a special focus on inactive propagules i.e. those that are not germinated or sprouted. This approach constitutes a novel way to look at propagule bank management as it circumvents dormancy as a protection strategy for weed propagules. Ways of managing inactive propagules reviewed in the chapter include, based on the target stage, crop harvest (weed seed crushing and milling), weed seeds on the soil surface (weed seed predation), weed propagules in the soil matrix (weed seed decay and mechanical destruction of ramets) and the process chains around arable farming (manure or crop biomass transport and biogas plants). Finally, the chapter suggests new avenues for research.
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Awere, Eric, Alessandra Bonoli, Peter Appiah Obeng, Sara Pennellini, Sara Bottausci, William Kwaasi Amanor, and Emmanuel Kekeli Akuaku. "Small-Scale Palm Oil Production in Ghana: Practices, Environmental Problems and Potential Mitigating Measures." In Palm Oil - Current Status and Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106174.
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The environmental impact of small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana has come under serious questioning, especially the disposal of wastewater generated from their operations. This chapter describes the small-scale palm oil production operations in Ghana to highlight the associated environmental problems arising from the disposal of wastewater and other waste by-products. The chapter further discusses the effluent discharge permitting arrangements and possible modifications to the production practices and policy interventions that could improve their environmental compliance and encourage resource recovery. The data in this chapter was obtained from a survey of selected small-scale palm oil processing mills in Ghana, laboratory analysis of wastewater samples from processing mills and review of related literature. Wastewater generated from the processing activities is currently disposed of without any form of treatment. The characteristics of wastewater indicate the need for treatment before disposal. Treatment technologies that could achieve resource recovery (such as biogas, compost, earthworm biomass) and fit into the framework of circular economy should be explored.
Conference papers on the topic "Biogaz – Composés"
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Diniz, Pedro, Lucas da Costa, Jarbas Silveira, and William Barcellos. "Novel Composed Speed Controller Applied to Biogas Generator Set." In 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-la.2019.8894967.
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SKORUPSKAITĖ, Virginija, Eglė SENDŽIKIENĖ, and Milda GUMBYTĖ. "POSSIBILITIES TO USE FISH WASTE FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.073.
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The secondary raw materials of fish can be used for various purposes in food industry, agriculture, etc. No less important way for usage of secondary raw fish, dead fish and fish farming sludge is the utilization of mentioned feedstocks for energy purposes, i.e. biofuels production. In this reearch, the possibilities of the consumption of dead fish and fish farming sludge for biodiesel and biogas production has been studied. The influence of the basic biodiesel production parameters, including the methanol to oil molar ratio, amount of catalyst, temperature and process duration on transesterification yield was determined. The guantitative and gualitative research of biogas production using different substrates such as fish waste, fish farming sludge and substrates composed of fish waste (de-oiled and non de-oiled biomass)+fish farming sludge and fish farming sludge+wastewater sludge was performed. The biodiesel yield higher than 96.5% could be achieved under the following process conditions: methanol/oil molar ratio – 4:1, amount of enzyme content – 7% from oil mass, temperature – 40 ° C, reaction time – 24 hours. The highest biogas yield (1224 ml/gVS) was determined using wet fish waste biomass and mixed substrates consisted of fish waste and fish farming sludge. The results of qualitative biogas research revealed, that biogas produced from both homogeneous and heterogeneous substrates contained more than 60% of methane. The highest calorific value (app. 70% of methane) had biogas gained from fish waste biomass.
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Ghazi, S., and M. Abbaspour. "Economic Evaluation of an Industrial Biogas System for Production of Gas, Electricity and Liquid Compost." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057439.
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Devi, Sangjukta, Niranjan Sahoo, and P. Muthukumar. "Experimental Analysis of Biogas Combustion With Different Foam Materials in a Porous Media Burner." In ASME 2019 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2019-2667.
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Abstract The existing biogas Conventional Burners (CBs) are less energy efficient and are designed for rich fuel combustion. Porous Media Burner (PMB), working on the principle of combustion in porous media offer several advantages including high thermal efficiency, low emissions, high power intensity, etc. In this work, a study on the effect of porous material on the thermal behaviour of a biogas operated PMB is presented. A state-of-the-art PMB working in the thermal load range of 5 to 10 kW has been developed, which can be used for both industrial and domestic purposes. It is a two section burner composed of a combustion zone and a preheat zone. Keeping the material of the preheat zone unchanged (Al2O3 ceramic), the burner is tested with two different materials in the combustion zone (SiC and ZrO2 foams). Experimental investigation has been done to analyze the stability criteria and study the temperature distribution in the PMB. This includes the identification of the stable operating limits (flashback and blow off) and measurement of temperature profiles in axial and radial direction. These assessments confirm that SiC is a better choice over ZrO2 for lean biogas combustion in PMB.
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Santos, Marília Pereira dos, and Raquel Girardello. "COMPOSTOS COM ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA EXTRAÍDOS DE MICRORGANISMOS ENDOFÍTICOS ISOLADOS DO BIOMA BRASILEIRO." In I Congresso Nacional de Microbiologia Clínica On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1627.
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Introdução: Microrganismos endofíticos são bactérias ou fungos que vivem dentro das plantas e geram vantagens de sobrevivência para seu hospedeiro, e assim, esses microrganismos podem proporcionar vantagens seletivas contra estresses ambientais, pragas e doenças, contribuindo na maior eficiência em filtração de nutrientes e elevação do crescimento. Dentre os produtos desses microrganismos, estão substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana, que protegem a planta contra infecções por microrganismos fitopatogênicos. O papel de muitos microrganismos endofíticos nas suas plantas hospedeiras ainda não está completamente elucidado, mas diversas espécies já foram caracterizadas apresentando, entre outras características, a capacidade de produzir moléculas antimicrobianas. A descoberta e utilização de moléculas naturais, com atividade antimicrobiana, podem trazer avanços significativos para o controle de infecções graves e redução das taxas de mortalidade. Objetivo: Dessa forma, este estudo tem por objetivo descrever as principais espécies do bioma brasileiro que apresentam microrganismos endofíticos que produzem substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana. Material e Métodos: Este estudo tem caráter descritivo e foi realizado por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, a partir da coleta de informações de fontes secundárias: Google Acadêmico, National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e o Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Resultados: Foram identificados na literatura 15 citações de bactérias e 129 de fungos endofíticos, como produtores de substâncias antimicrobianas. Nossos resultados mostraram uma frequência maior dos gêneros Bacillus spp. e Diaporthe spp. como bactérias e fungos endofíticos, respectivamente, isolados de 41 espécies de plantas brasileiras. Conclusão: A busca de substâncias produzidas por microrganismos, com atividade antimicrobiana, pode reduzir significativamente o problema da resistência aos antibióticos. A diversidade do bioma brasileiro pode ser uma grande fonte de estudos para busca e caracterização dessas substâncias.
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SILVA, GABRIEL. "QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE MOGNO AFRICANO EM SUBSTRATOS COMPOSTO POR SOLOS DO BIOMA CERRADO." In IV Semana Acadêmica de Pesquisa, Inovação e Extensão da UEMASUL. ,: Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/sapiensuemasul2022.463562.
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Salogni, A., and D. Alberti. "Dynamic Analysis of a Planar SOFC Stack Fuelled by Biogas." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33255.
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This paper analyzes the dynamic behaviour of a 50 kW stack using planar co-flow solid oxide fuel cells with direct internal reforming fuelled by a biologically derived gaseous mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. The system modelled is composed by the SOFC stack, a catalytic burner, the heat recovery system and the control device aimed to keep the air temperature at the stack exit and the fuel utilization near to the set values. The model has been implemented using standard and user-defined components of an a-causal software based on the open-source Modelica modelling language. After a brief introduction to the production of the gaseous fuel derived from the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, data obtained from a case study on a pig farm situated in Lombardia (Italy) are presented, focusing on the yield of methane which can be exploited. The steady-state performance of the SOFC system fuelled by pure methane are compared with those obtained for the biogas working conditions, showing that the stack voltage is affected by greater concentration losses. Then, starting from a steady-state delivered current of 750 mA cm−2, the dynamic behaviour of the system when a load change of −150 mA cm−2 occurs is investigated for both pure methane and biogas fuelling hypothesis. The results of the simulations show that the transient phase is only marginally affected by the composition of the fuel, which causes a delay of about 50 s in the voltage transient. Finally, the effect obtained by imposing a linear variation in the fuel composition, which can be representative of a modification in the biological degradation of the organic substrate within the anaerobic digester, is discussed. After an initial transient, which is comparable with that obtained for a variation in the load current, the SOFC system is capable to restore the initial delivered power, provided that the required amount of fuel can be supplied to the anode.
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GOLUB, Gennadii, Savelii KUKHARETS, Yaroslav YAROSH, and Oksana ZAVADSKA. "DIVERSIFIED PRODUCTION AND BIOENERGY CONVERSION FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.186.
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The mechanical and technological grounds for the formalization of agroecosystem structure have been substantiated in the research. The paper presents the simulation model of an agroecosystem functioning based on growing of winter wheat, maize for silage as well as of grain, winter rape, oats, sugar beets and perennial herbs. The model anticipates the production of pork, beef, fish, chicken, milk, eggs, oil, sugar and honey as well as growing of mushrooms and production of compost. Besides, the given model anticipates the production of diesel biofuel and bioethanol in the amount necessary for providing mobile machines with power, as well as the production of biogas for receiving heat and electricity. The model suggests using the updated equipment for the production of bioenergy resources.
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Rodrigues-Filho, Jandyr de Almeida, Gilsilei dos Santos Aquino, and Adriano Henrique Ferrarez. "Produção de biogás e biofertilizante por Digestor Anaeróbico: proposta de uso de resíduos orgânicos." In I Simpósio de bolsistas da FIPERJ. Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FIPERJ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57068/simposio.fiperj.355.
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Os resíduos orgânicos oriundos das atividades humanas como a agropecuária e a agroindústria causam sérios danos ao meio ambiente. O manejo inadequado desses resíduos provoca a poluição do ar, a contaminação dos rios e lençóis de água superficiais que abastecem tanto o meio rural como o urbano acarretando desequilíbrios ecológicos, disseminação de patógenos e contaminação das águas potáveis com amônia, nitratos e outros elementos tóxicos. Uma alternativa para mitigação dos danos ambientais é a digestão anaeróbica com o aproveitamento dos resíduos para a produção de biogás e de biofertilizante, contribuindo para a diversificação da matriz energética e para a produção de alimentos. A digestão anaeróbica é um processo fermentativo em que matéria orgânica complexa é degradada a compostos mais simples. A degradação ocorre por meio da ação de diversos grupos de microrganismos que interagem simultaneamente. Os efluentes dos sistemas de cultivo de tilápias e as carcaças e vísceras dos peixes oriundas do processamento do pescado são fontes de matéria orgânica para a produção de biogás para o atendimento da demanda de energia térmica das propriedades rurais. Um dos entraves para a popularização da tecnologia da digestão anaeróbica e o uso do biogás e biofertilizante é o custo para aquisição, operação e manutenção de digestores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um protótipo de digestor anaeróbico e avaliar a produção do biogás e biofertilizante como alternativas energéticas sustentáveis acessíveis para camponeses e agricultores familiares da região Noroeste Fluminense. Desta forma, foi construído na área experimental do Laboratório de Biogás e Energias Renováveis (LABER) do Instituto Federal Fluminense Campus Itaperuna, resultando no protótipo denominado Proposta de Uso de Resíduos agropecuários e orgânicos de forma Integrada (P.U.R.I.) que está sendo atualmente avaliado quanto a funcionalidade e viabilidade econômica de produção. A próxima etapa deste estudo é determinar o potencial de produção de biogás em escala laboratorial da água do decantador do sistema de criação de tilápias em recirculação e de carcaças e vísceras de peixes. Ao término deste trabalho espera-se a realização de dias de campo para apresentação do digestor anaeróbico P.U.R.I. para a comunidade em geral com o objetivo de disseminar a tecnologia na região.
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Ribeiro, A., C. Vilarinho, J. Araújo, and J. Carvalho. "Integrated Process for Textile Cotton Waste (TCW) Valorization: Waste-to-Energy and Wastewater Decontamination." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66706.
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The increasing of world population, industrialization and global consuming, existing market products existed in the along with diversification of raw materials, are responsible for an exponential increase of wastes. This scenario represents loss of resources and ultimately causes air, soils and water pollution. Therefore, proper waste management is currently one of the major challenges faced by modern societies. Textile industries represents, in Portugal, almost 10% of total productive transforming sector and 19% of total employments in the sector composed by almost 7.000 companies. One of the main environmental problems of textile industries is the production of significant quantities of wastes from its different processing steps. According to the Portuguese Institute of Statistics (INE) these industries produce almost 500.000 tons of wastes each year, with the textile cotton waste (TCW) being the most expressive. It was estimated that 4.000 tons of TCW are produced each year in Portugal. In this work an integrated TCW valorisation procedure was evaluated, firstly by its thermal and energetic valorisation with slow pyrolysis followed by the utilization of biochar by-product, in lead and chromium synthetic wastewater decontamination. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a small scale rotating pyrolysis reactor with 0.1 m3 of total capacity. Results of pyrolysis experiments showed the formation of 0,241 m3 of biogas for each kilogram of TCW. Results also demonstrated that the biogas is mostly composed by hydrogen (22%), methane (14 %), carbon monoxide (20%) and carbon dioxide (12%), which represents a total high calorific value of 12.3 MJ/Nm3. Regarding biochar, results of elemental analysis demonstrated a high percentage of carbon driving its use as low cost adsorbent. Adsorption experiments were conducted with lead and chromium synthetic wastewaters (25, 50 and 100 mg L−1) in batch vessels with controlled pH. It was evaluated the behaviour of adsorption capacity and removal rate of each metal during 120 minutes of contact time using 5, 10 and 50 g L−1 of adsorbent dosage. Results indicated high affinity of adsorbent with each tested metal with 78% of removal rate in chromium and 95% in lead experiments. This suggests that biochar from TCW pyrolysis may be appropriated to wastewaters treatment, with high contents of heavy metals and it can be an effective alternative to activated carbon.
Reports on the topic "Biogaz – Composés"
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Palmborg, Cecilia. Fertilization with digestate and digestate products – availability and demonstration experiments within the project Botnia nutrient recycling. Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.25rctaeopn.
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To increase our food security in Västerbotten we will need to become more self-sufficient of both energy, feed and nutrients that are now imported to the region. Biogas production from different waste streams is one solution to this. Biogas is produced using biowaste or sewage sludge as substrate in the major cities Umeå and Skellefteå. Biogas systems offer a range of benefits to society. Biogas production is currently prized for its climate benefits when replacing fossil fuels for the production of heat, electricity and vehicle gas, but at Bothnia Nutrient Recycling we have studied how to use the digestate, i.e. the residual product of production, as fertilizer in agriculture. We have been working to improve profitability for biogas producers and develop sustainable products from recycled nutrients, like phosphorus and nitrogen. Improving the uses for digestate increases self-sufficiency in agriculture and contributes to a circular economy. We conducted three agricultural demonstration experiments in collaboration with agricultural high schools in Finland and Sweden to introduce digestate and digestate products to the future farmers in the regions. We found that it may be possible to replace cattle slurry with compost when growing maize despite the low levels of nitrogen, N, available to plants in the compost. In barley, NPK fertilizers gave the highest yield. Digestate from HEMAB and sludge biochar supplemented with recycled ammonium sulphate gave a smaller yield but higher than unfertilized crop. Digestate from a dry digestion biogas plant in Härnösand was better suited to barley than to grass because in an experiment on grass ley the viscous fertilizer did not penetrate the grass and did not increase the growth of the grass. Fertilizer effects on crop quality were small. There was no increased uptake of heavy metals in barley after fertilization with digestate or digestate products compared to NPK fertilization. These demonstration experiments show that more thorough scientific experimentation is needed as a foundation for recommendations to farmers. The amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous in digestate from Västerbotten that could become used as fertilizer were modelled. It showed that if sewage sludge digestate is used to make sludge biochar and ammonium sulphate and the other available digestates are used directly in agriculture, the entire phosphorous demand but only a small part of the nitrogen demand in the county, could be covered. Thus, to achieve a true circular food production, development and increase of both the waste handling sector and agriculture is needed.