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1
Chagas Bezerra, Francisco Edmar, and Auzuir Ripardo De Alexandria. "Biomethane Generation Produced in Municipal Landfill." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2644.
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Biogas emerged as a renewable technology that converts waste organic matter into energy. Among its components, in terms of energy, methane is the most important chemical composition, particularly for the combustion process in vehicle engines. The use of methane derived from organic matter residues in landfills to replace fossil fuel minimizes the environmental impact, providing a significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse effect gases,as does the use of the amount of urban waste generated by the population in a planned way, with a specific technological focus at the forefront of generating solutions for ecological, social, economic and management challenges, which are themes that characterize smart cities. Thus, this study is based on the investigation and analysis of the potential of biogas generated by the theMunicipal Landfill West of Caucaia (MLWC - AterroSanitário Municipal Oeste de Caucaia/CE (ASMOC))with the objective of estimating the amount of methane gas produced in the referred landfill, based on data already published related to the amount of solid waste disposed at the landfill and applying it in the Biogas - Energy Generation and Use Aterro(version 1.0) software, developed by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (ECSSP - Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB)).As main outcomes, it was found that the landfill can generate, between the years 2018 to 2034, more than 3 million m³of CH4, capable of supplying more than 201,362 vehicles fuel.
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Pavičić, Josipa, Karolina Novak Mavar, Vladislav Brkić, and Katarina Simon. "Biogas and Biomethane Production and Usage: Technology Development, Advantages and Challenges in Europe." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082940.
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In line with the low-carbon strategy, the EU is expected to be climate-neutral by 2050, which would require a significant increase in renewable energy production. Produced biogas is directly used to produce electricity and heat, or it can be upgraded to reach the “renewable natural gas”, i.e., biomethane. This paper reviews the applied production technology and current state of biogas and biomethane production in Europe. Germany, UK, Italy and France are the leaders in biogas production in Europe. Biogas from AD processes is most represented in total biogas production (84%). Germany is deserving for the majority (52%) of AD biogas in the EU, while landfill gas production is well represented in the UK (43%). Biogas from sewage sludge is poorly presented by less than 5% in total biogas quantities produced in the EU. Biomethane facilities will reach a production of 32 TWh in 2020 in Europe. There are currently 18 countries producing biomethane (Germany and France with highest share). Most of the European plants use agricultural substrate (28%), while the second position refers to energy crop feedstock (25%). Sewage sludge facilities participate with 14% in the EU, mostly applied in Sweden. Membrane separation is the most used upgrading technology, applied at around 35% of biomethane plants. High energy prices today, and even higher in the future, give space for the wider acceptance of biomethane use.
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Cignini, Fabio, Antonino Genovese, Fernando Ortenzi, Stefano Valentini, and Alberto Caprioli. "Performance and Emissions Comparison between Biomethane and Natural Gas Fuel in Passenger Vehicles." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 08019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019708019.
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Bio-methane as fuel in a natural gas engine is a viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The present paper illustrates the results of the first set of measurements carried out in the BiomethER project (EULIFE). BiomethER aimed to design and build two innovative bio-methane production plants, located in Emilia Romagna region (Italy), fed by different feedstock: the first one with sewage sludge and the other with landfill waste. Biogas extracted by the anaerobic digester was cleaned and upgraded to biomethane for road vehicles application. To verify the compatibility of biomethane in conventional compressed natural gas engine (CNG) vehicles, three passenger cars have been tested with two gases: conventional natural gas and bio-methane coming by BiomethER sewage sludge plant. Test concerned dynamic performances and exhaust emissions and was operated on the chassis dynamometer facility, in ENEA Casaccia Research Centre. Preliminary results showed no appreciable deviation was noticeable for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions between the two fuels, acceleration and maximum power were almost the same for the three vehicles tested. The WTW evaluation of GHG emissions for the biomethane resulted in up to 79% lower in comparison with natural gas provided by the Italian pipeline.
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Ersahin, M. Evren, Cigdem Yangin Gomec, R. Kaan Dereli, Osman Arikan, and Izzet Ozturk. "Biomethane Production as an Alternative Bioenergy Source from Codigesters Treating Municipal Sludge and Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/953065.
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Energy recovery potential of a mesophilic co-digester treating OFMSW and primary sludge at an integrated biomethanization plant was investigated based on feasibility study results. Since landfilling is still the main solid waste disposal method in Turkey, land scarcity will become one of the most important obstacles. Restrictions for biodegradable waste disposal to sanitary landfills in EU Landfill Directive and uncontrolled long-term contamination with gas emissions and leachate necessitate alternative management strategies due to rapid increase in MSW production. Moreover, since energy contribution from renewable resources will be required more in the future with increasing oil prices and dwindling supplies of conventional energy sources, the significance of biogas as a renewable fuel has been increased in the last decade. Results indicated that almost 93% of annual total cost can be recovered if 100% renewable energy subsidy is implemented. Besides, considering the potential revenue when replacing transport fuels, about 26 heavy good vehicles or 549 cars may be powered per year by the biogas produced from the proposed biomethanization plant (PE = 100,000; XPS= 61 g TS/PE⋅day;XSS-OFMSW=50 g TS/PE⋅day).
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Sánchez Nocete, Eduardo, and Javier Pérez Rodríguez. "A Simple Methodology for Estimating the Potential Biomethane Production in a Region: Application in a Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315978.
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Biomethane is an example of a biofuel that is currently gaining interest due to its possible use as a substitute for natural gas and due to its generation in a “power to gas” production scheme. It can be injected into the gas network under certain purity requirements. It can also act as a source for the production of “green hydrogen”. This paper proposes a simple methodology to estimate the potential to obtain biomethane through the anaerobic digestion of biowaste in a delimited region. The mentioned methodology consists of the following main steps: (i) estimation of the potential biowaste from different sources in the region; (ii) characterization of each type of biowaste production; (iii) estimation of biogas production for each type of biowaste according to the selected anaerobic digestion process; and (iv) estimation of potential biomethane production through the purification of the biogas produced. The different types of biowaste that this methodology considers are the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, agroindustrial solid biowaste (biowaste from the food industry and livestock), and sewage sludge (urban and industrial). Energy crops are not considered because they are not treated as biowaste. After defining the proposed methodology, it is applied to a Spanish case study, in which the potential to obtain biomethane in Spain in 2019 is estimated. The results show that in Spain, around 4499 ktoe could be obtained if all biowaste was destined to produce biomethane, which would allow 31.6% of the final demand for natural gas to be satisfied in a sustainable way. In that sense, a double effect on climate change mitigation can be obtained, reducing use of fossil fuels and minimizing the final biowaste disposal into landfills.
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Calise, Francesco, Francesco Liberato Cappiello, Luca Cimmino, Marialuisa Napolitano, and Maria Vicidomini. "Dynamic Simulation and Thermoeconomic Analysis of a Novel Hybrid Solar System for Biomethane Production by the Organic Fraction of Municipal Wastes." Energies 16, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062716.
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The anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and the biogas production obtained from its stabilization are becoming an increasingly attractive solution, due to their beneficial effects on the environment. In this way, the waste is considered a resource allowing a reduction in the quantity of it going to landfills and the derived greenhouse gas emissions. Simultaneously, the upgrading process of biogas into biomethane can address the issues dealing with decarbonization of the transport. In this work, the production of biogas obtained from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes in a plug flow reactor is analyzed. In order to steer the chemical reactions, the temperature of the process must be kept under control. A new simulation model, implemented in the MatLab® environment, is developed to predict the temperature field within the reactor, in order to assess how the temperature affects the growth and the decay of the main microbial species. A thermal model, based on two equilibrium equations, is implemented to describe the heat transfer between the digester and the environment and between the digester and the internal heat exchanger. A biological model, based on suitable differential equations, is also included for the calculation of the biological processes occurring in the reactor. The proposed anaerobic digestion model is derived by the combination of these two models, and it is able to simultaneously simulate both thermal and biological processes occurring within the reactor. In addition to the thermal energy demand, the plant requires huge amounts of electricity due to the presence of a biogas upgrading process, converting biogas into biomethane. Therefore, the in-house developed model is integrated into a TRNSYS environment, to perform a yearly dynamic simulation of the reactor in combination with other renewable technologies. In the developed system layout, the thermal energy required to control the temperature of the reactor is matched by a solar thermal source. The electrical demand is met by the means of a photovoltaic field. In this work, a detailed thermoeconomic analysis is also proposed to compare the environmental impact and economic feasibility of a biomethane production plant based on a plug flow reactor and fed by renewables. Several economic incentives are considered and compared to determine the optimal solution, both in terms of energy and economic savings. The plant is designed for the treatment of a waste flow rate equal to 626.4 kg/h, and the biomethane produced, approximately 850 tons/years, is injected into the national gas grid or supplied to gas stations. In the proposed plant, a solar field of an evacuated tube collector having a surface of approximately 200 m2 is able to satisfy 35% of the thermal energy demand while over 50% of the electric demand is met with a photovoltaic field of 400 m2. A promising payback time of approximately 5 years was estimated.
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Piechota, Grzegorz, and Bartłomiej Igliński. "Biomethane in Poland—Current Status, Potential, Perspective and Development." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061517.
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Every year the interest in biofuels, including biomethane, grows in Poland. Biomethane, obtained from biogas, is widely used in the Polish economy; the most important two applications are as gas injected into the gas grid and as automotive fuel. The aim of this work is to determine the potential for the development of the biomethane sector in Poland. The following article presents the technological stages of biomethane extraction and purification. The investment process for biogas/biomethane installation is presented in the form of a Gannt chart; this process is extremely long in Poland, with a duration of three years. In the coming months, the Polish Oil Mining and Gas Extraction will begin to invest in biomethane, which will be connected to the gas grid, while the Polish oil refiner and petrol retailer, Orlen, will invest in biomethane to be used as automotive fuel. This article includes a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and PEST (Political, Economic, Social, Technological) analysis of the biogas/biomethane sector in Poland. The main barriers to the development of the biogas/biomethane sector in Poland are high investment costs, long lead times and a strong conventional energy lobby. The most important advantages of biogas/biomethane technology in Poland include environmental aspects, high biomethane potential and well-developed agriculture. The development of biogas/biomethane technology in Poland will slowly reduce environmental pollution, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and allow for partial independence from the importing of natural gas.
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Dada, Opeoluwa, and Charles Mbohwa. "Biogas Upgrade to Biomethane from Landfill Wastes: A Review." Procedia Manufacturing 7 (2017): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2016.12.082.
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Veiga, Ana Paula Beber, Ramatys Stramieri Silva, and Gilberto Martins. "Geographic Information Systems based approach for assessing the locational feasibility for biomethane production from landfill gas and injection in pipelines in Brazil." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, no. 1 (February 2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220210075.
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ABSTRACT Biomethane can readily replace fossil fuels including natural gas, which has similar physical and chemical properties. In Brazil, municipal solid waste is predominantly disposed of in landfills. Landfill gas is mostly employed for electricity generation, but still at low levels when compared to the existing potential. Production of biomethane from landfill gas may be an alternative to exploit the existing potential, but Brazil’s pipeline network is rather limited and concentrated along the country’s coast. In this context, the research sought to identify the locational viability of using landfill gas to produce biomethane and injecting it into pipelines, considering the available potential and its proximity to Brazil’s existing pipeline network. The QGis software was used to integrate the information. Territorial arrangements with a biomethane production capacity of more than 15,000 Nm3 day−1 and located up to 50 km from the pipeline network were considered feasible. The research estimated a potential production equivalent to 3,407,027 Nm3 day−1 of biomethane from landfills in Brazil. This potential corresponds to 6% of country’s natural gas consumption in 2019 and is almost 32 times greater than current production of biomethane from all substrates used with this purpose in that year. The results indicate the suitability of using geographic information systems to identify regions that can benefit from the production of biomethane from landfill gas using the existing natural gas pipelines as an alternative to the electricity generation and provides relevant subsidies to the formulation of more efficient public policies in both the sanitation and energy sectors.
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Trypolska, Galyna. "PROSPECTS FOR STATE SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BIOMETHANE INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE UNTIL 2040." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2021, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 128–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2021.02.128.
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The paper considers the prospects for the state support for the development of biomethane industry in Ukraine from 2025 to 2040. The main financial incentives for the use of biomass-derived energy are a special tariff for heat from sources other than natural gas, and a feed-in tariff (the auction price in the future). In the EU, biomethane production is gaining ground due to available financial incentives (premiums to the cost of natural gas, and premiums to feed-in tariff). The main obstacle to the large-scale spread of biogas (and, accordingly, biomethane) is the high cost of equipment. The amounts of state support for biogas production with its purification to biomethane and supply of the latter to the gas transmission and gas distribution networks under the conditions of biomethane production in the amounts provided by the draft Roadmap for Bioenergy Development in Ukraine until 2050 were assessed. While maintaining the price of natural gas at the level of prices of 2021 (EUR 0.24/m3), the need to subsidize biomethane production from 2025 to 2040 can reach EUR 0.263-3.5 billion, on average EUR 16.5-217 million per year. Infrastructure expenditures were not taken into account in the assessment. The possibility of electricity output from biomethane was not considered, as biogas refining to the quality of biomethane requires additional funds. The statutory auction price may be sufficient only for certain types of feedstock and for large biogas plants. The use of biomethane may be appropriate in the transport sector, as biomethane is an "advanced biofuel", and Ukraine already has a relatively extensive network of methane filling stations. Biomethane production in Ukraine will require state support, particularly in the form of direct subsidies to biomethane producers (in the form of premium to the price of natural gas), and in the form of a premium to the auction price. The use of biomethane will partially reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, being also an important element in the decarbonization of sectors using natural gas, replacing up to 0.76 billion m3 of the latter in 2040, which is in line with the global leading decarbonization trends.
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Galyna, Trypolska. "Prospects of state support of the development of the biomethane industry in Ukraine until 2040." Economy and forecasting 2021, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2021.02.110.
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The paper considers the prospects for the state support for the development of biomethane industry in Ukraine from 2025 to 2040. The main financial incentives for the use of biomass-derived energy are a special tariff for heat from sources other than natural gas, and a feed-in tariff (the auction price in the future). In the EU, biomethane production is gaining ground due to available financial incentives (premiums to the cost of natural gas, and feed-in premiums). The main obstacle to the large-scale spread of biogas (and, accordingly, biomethane) is the high cost of equipment. The amounts of state support for biogas production with its purification to biomethane and supply of the latter to the gas transmission and gas distribution networks under the conditions of biomethane production in the amounts provided by the draft Roadmap for Bioenergy Development in Ukraine until 2050 were assessed. While maintaining the price of natural gas at 2021 prices (EUR 0.24/m3), the need to subsidize biomethane production from 2025 to 2040 can reach EUR 0.263-3.5 billion, on average EUR 16.5-217 million per year. Infrastructure expenditures were not taken into account in the assessment. The possibility of electricity output from biomethane was not considered, as biogas refining to the quality of biomethane requires additional funds. The statutory auction price may be sufficient only for certain types of feedstock and for large biogas plants. The use of biomethane may be appropriate in the transport sector, as biomethane is an "advanced biofuel", and Ukraine already has a relatively extensive network of methane filling stations. Biomethane production in Ukraine will require state support, particularly in the form of direct subsidies to biomethane producers (in the form of premium to the price of natural gas), and in the form of a premium to the auction price. The use of biomethane will partially reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, being also an important element in the decarbonization of sectors using natural gas, replacing up to 0.76 billion m3 of the latter in 2040, which is in line with the global leading decarbonization trends.
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Backman, Mikael, and Magdalena Rogulska. "Biomethane use in Sweden." Archives of Automotive Engineering – Archiwum Motoryzacji 71, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/am/99390.
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Transport is responsible for around a quarter of EU greenhouse gas emissions making it the second biggest greenhouse gas emitting sector after energy. Biogas is one of the cleanest and most versatile renewable fuels available today, answering on challenges of EU sustainable development strategies. Upgraded biogas–biomethane–has the same advantages as natural gas, but additionally is a sustainable fuel that can be manufactured from local waste streams thereby also solving local waste problems. During the last years, the production and use of biomethane has significantly increased in many European countries. Sweden is world leading both in terms of automotive use of biomethane and its non-grid based transportation.
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Lisoval, A. A. "USE OF BIOGAS AS A RAW MATERIAL AND ENGINE FUEL IN ENERGY AND TRANSPORT." Internal Combustion Engines, no. 2 (November 15, 2022): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.02.
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In the article, based on existing global trends, legislative incentives for climate-friendly development of economic sectors, the place of biogas as a raw material and engine fuel in the decarbonization of energy and transport in Ukraine is substantiated. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, most countries are making the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. In EU countries, renewable energy with a Green Deal label was equated with energy obtained from the combustion of natural gas. In Ukraine, biomethane is legislated as an alternative gas fuel similar to natural gas. The raw material for biomethane is biogas. In Ukraine, biomethane is not produced on an industrial scale due to the lack of special purification and enrichment technologies at biogas stations. In Ukraine, it is necessary to start producing biomethane on an industrial scale and use the natural gas infrastructure for transporting biomethane. An existing quantity and quality of treatment technologies of biogas plants allow the use of biogas as an independent fuel in cogeneration plants in the immediate vicinity of biogas plants. Calculation of the heat balance of the drive gas engine (8-cylinder, 100 mm cylinder diameter, 88 mm stroke) showed that in addition to generating 30 kW of electrical energy, it is possible to obtain additionally up to 162 MJ of thermal energy without taking heat from the lubrication system. When generating only electrical energy, the efficiency installation in nominal mode is about 30%, and with cogeneration – it increases to 75%. The next step is – the use of biogas as an additive to natural gas in reciprocating internal combustion engines on cars, buses and special agricultural machinery at the local or regional level. The results of research on the 8Ch10/8.8 gas combustion engine ensured the transition from quantitative to qualitative regulation of the fuel mixture of natural gas with biogas additives. An interdependent regulation algorithm has been developed for mixed fuel. With an increase in load, the share of biogas decreases, the mixture is enriched with natural gas. At a load of 75% or more, the enrichment of the fuel mixture occurs more intensively.
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Geletukha, G. G., and Yu B. Matveev. "PROSPECTS OF BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 3 (October 8, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2021.8.
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Biogas upgrading to quality of natural gas (NG) creates possibility to supply biomethane to the NG grid, easy transportation and production of electricity and heat in locations where there is guaranteed consumption of thermal energy. Biomethane as a close NG analogue can be used for heat and electricity production, as soon as motor fuel and raw material for chemical industry.
The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that the world's annual biomethane production potential is 730 bcm (20% of current world's NG consumption). World biomethane production reached almost 5 bcm/yr in 2019. According to forecast of the European Biogas Association the biogas and biomethane sector may almost double its production by 2030. According to IEA estimates, annual world biomethane production could reach 200 bcm in 2040 in case the sustainable development strategy is implemented
Currently, the Bioenergy Association of Ukraine estimates the potential for biogas/biomethane production in Ukraine using fermentation technology as 7,8 bcm/yr (25% of the country's current NG consumption). The roadmap of bioenergy development in Ukraine until 2050 envisages growth of biomethane production to 1,7 bcm in 2035 and up to 3 bcm in 2050.
Currently the prospects for green hydrogen development are well known. The authors support the need of hydrogen technologies as one of the way for production and use of renewable gases. However, they believe that biomethane has no less prospects.
Transporting of one cubic meter of biomethane through gas pipeline at 60 bar pressure transmits almost four times more energy than transporting of one cubic meter of hydrogen. This is fundamental advantage of biomethane. Another advantage is the full readiness of gas infrastructure for biomethane. Given the cost of gas infrastructure modernization to use hydrogen, it is more cost-effective to convert green hydrogen to synthetic methane.
Currently, biomethane is in average three times cheaper than green hydrogen, the cost of the two renewable gases is expected to equalize by 2050, and only further possible reduction in the cost of green hydrogen below $2/kg will make green hydrogen cheaper than biomethane. Therefore, the greatest prospects can be seen in the combination of the advantages of both renewable gases and conversion of green hydrogen into synthetic methane (power-to-gas process).
Authors believe that after adoption of legislation to support the development of biomethane production and use in Ukraine, the bulk of biomethane produced in the country will be exported to EU, where more favourable conditions for biomethane consumption are developed. As Ukraine's economy grows, more and more of the biomethane produced will be used for domestic consumption.
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Lombardi, Lidia, Barbara Mendecka, and Simone Fabrizi. "Solar Integrated Anaerobic Digester: Energy Savings and Economics." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 19, 2020): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174292.
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Industrial anaerobic digestion requires low temperature thermal energy to heat the feedstock and maintain temperature conditions inside the reactor. In some cases, the thermal requirements are satisfied by burning part of the produced biogas in devoted boilers. However, part of the biogas can be saved by integrating thermal solar energy into the anaerobic digestion plant. We study the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in biowaste mesophilic/thermophilic anaerobic digestion, with the aim of reducing the amount of biogas burnt for internal heating and increasing the amount of biogas, further upgraded to biomethane and injected into the natural gas grid. With respect to previously available studies that evaluated the possibility of integrating solar thermal energy in anaerobic digestion, we introduce the topic of economic sustainability by performing a preliminary and simplified economic analysis of the solar system, based only on the additional costs/revenues. The case of Italian economic incentives for biomethane injection into the natural gas grid—that are particularly favourable—is considered as reference case. The amount of saved biogas/biomethane, on an annual basis, is about 4–55% of the heat required by the gas boiler in the base case, without solar integration, depending on the different considered variables (mesophilic/thermophilic, solar field area, storage time, latitude, type of collector). Results of the economic analysis show that the economic sustainability can be reached only for some of the analysed conditions, using the less expensive collector, even if its efficiency allows lower biomethane savings. Future reduction of solar collector costs might improve the economic feasibility. However, when the payback time is calculated, excluding the Italian incentives and considering selling the biomethane at the natural gas price, its value is always higher than 10 years. Therefore, incentives mechanism is of great importance to support the economic sustainability of solar integration in biowaste anaerobic digestion producing biomethane.
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Суслов, Д. Ю. "Economic and Mathematical Model of a Gas Supply System Based on Biomethane." НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И АРХИТЕКТУРЫ, no. 2(66) (June 24, 2022): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.66.2.005.
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Постановка задачи. Перспективным направлением развития систем газоснабжения является использование альтернативного источника энергии - биометана. Использование биометана в централизованных системах газоснабжения требует разработки научно обоснованных методов их расчета и проектирования. Результаты. Разработана экономико-математическая модель системы газоснабжения на основе биометана, учитывающая затраты на биометановую установку, транспортировку субстрата, газопроводы биометана и станцию подачи. Получены выражения для определения удельных капитальных затрат на строительство и эксплуатационных расходов на биогазовые установки, станции очистки биогаза и подачи биометана в системы газоснабжения. Выводы. Установлено, что применение биометановых установок на территории Вейделевского района Белгородской области позволяет получить 5 474 481 м/год биометана с содержанием метана 98 %, что составляет 18,7 % от общего газопотребления района. При этом оптимальная длина газопровода для подачи биометана составляет 9 208 м, а оптимальный радиус действия биометановой установки - 20 781 м. Statement of the problem. A promising direction in the development of gas supply systems is the use of an alternative energy source - biomethane. The use of biomethane in centralized gas supply systems requires the development of scientifically based methods for their calculation and design. Results. An economic and mathematical model of a gas supply system based on biomethane has been developed, taking into account the costs of a biomethane plant, substrate transportation, biomethane gas pipelines and a feed station. Expressions are obtained for determining the specific capital costs for construction and operating costs for biogas plants, biogas purification plants and biomethane supply to gas supply systems. Conclusions. It has been established that the use of biomethane plants on the territory of the Veidelevsky district of the Belgorod region makes it possible to obtain 5,474,481 m / year of biomethane with a methane content of 98%, which is 18.7% of the total gas consumption of the district. At the same time, the optimal length of the gas pipeline for supplying biomethane is 9 208 m, and the optimal range of the biomethane plant is 20 781 m.
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Caposciutti, Gianluca, Andrea Baccioli, Lorenzo Ferrari, and Umberto Desideri. "Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion: Power Generation or Biomethane Production?" Energies 13, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030743.
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Biogas is a fuel obtained from organic waste fermentation and can be an interesting solution for producing electric energy, heat and fuel. Recently, many European countries have incentivized the production of biomethane to be injected into natural gas grids or compressed and used as biofuel in vehicles. The introduction of an upgrading unit into an existing anaerobic digestion plant to convert biogas to biomethane may have a strong impact on the overall energy balance of the systems. The amount of biomethane produced may be optimized from several points of view (i.e., energy, environmental and economic). In this paper, the mass and energy fluxes of an anaerobic digestion plant were analyzed as a function of the biogas percentage sent to the upgrading system and the amount of biomethane produced. A numerical model of an anaerobic digestion plant was developed by considering an existing case study. The mass and energy balance of the digesters, cogeneration unit, upgrading system and auxiliary boiler were estimated when the amount of produced biomethane was varied. An internal combustion engine was adopted as the cogeneration unit and a CO2 absorption system was assumed for biogas upgrading. Results demonstrated that the energy balance of the plant is strictly dependent on the biomethane production and that an excess of biomethane production makes the plant totally dependent on external energy sources. As for the environmental impact, an optimal level of biomethane production exists that minimizes the emissions of equivalent CO2. However, high biomethane subsides can encourage plant managers to increase biomethane production and thus reduce CO2 savings.
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Kabeyi, Moses Jeremiah Barasa, and Oludolapo Akanni Olanrewaju. "Biogas Production and Applications in the Sustainable Energy Transition." Journal of Energy 2022 (July 9, 2022): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8750221.
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Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. The capacity of biogas based power has been growing rapidly for the past decade with global biogas based electricity generation capacity increasing from 65 GW in 2010 to 120 GW in 2019 representing a 90% growth. This study presents the pathways for use of biogas in the energy transition by application in power generation and production of fuels. Diesel engines, petrol or gasoline engines, turbines, microturbines, and Stirling engines offer feasible options for biogas to electricity production as prme movers. Biogas fuel can be used in both spark ignition (petrol) and compression ignition engines (diesel) with varying degrees of modifications on conventional internal combustion engines. In internal combustion engines, the dual-fuel mode can be used with little or no modification compared to full engine conversion to gas engines which may require major modifications. Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. Enriched biogas or biomethane can be containerized or injected to gas supply mains for use as renewable natural gas. Biogas can be used directly for cooking and lighting as well as for power generation and for production of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) fuels. Upgraded biogas/biomethane which can also be used to process methanol fuel. Compressed biogas (CBG) and liquid biogas (LBG) can be reversibly made from biomethane for various direct and indirect applications as fuels for transport and power generation. Biogas can be used in processes like combined heat and power generation from biogas (CHP), trigeneration, and compression to Bio-CNG and bio-LPG for cleaned biogas/biomethane. Fuels are manufactured from biogas by cleaning, and purification before reforming to syngas, and partial oxidation to produce methanol which can be used to make gasoline. Syngas is used in production of alcohols, jet fuels, diesel, and gasoline through the Fischer-Tropsch process.
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Zhazhkov, V. V., A. N. Chusov, and N. A. Politaeva. "Research and Assessment of Biogas Composition at the TKO Running and Recommendations for Its Use." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-5-4-9.
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The article deals with the main problems, namely the emission of biogas into the atmospheric air, during operation and after the closure of MSW landfills. Biogas, which contains methane, is considered not only as a strong greenhouse gas, but also as a valuable fuel that can be used as an energy resource. To assess the biogas potential at the operating landfill, field studies were carried out, which made it possible to determine the intensity and composition of gas emissions. The main points of landfill gas sampling at the landfill have been selected. Methods have been worked out and the equipment necessary for environmental monitoring at a real operating landfill has been selected. Using gas-geochemical surveys, environmental monitoring of biogas emissions from the MSW landfill was carried out at 49 sampling points. Coordinates in the WGS84 coordinate system, maps of the concentration distribution of the main components of biogas (methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, oxygen) were obtained at a depth of 50 cm from the surface of the landfill body. A zone recommended for drilling biogas wells was selected and recommendations were developed for installing a degassing station and using biogas as a source of electricity
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Alshawaf, Mohammad, Abdalrahman Alsulaili, Mohamed Alwaeli, and Huda Allanqawi. "The Role of Biomethane from Sewage Sludge in the Energy Transition: Potentials and Barriers in the Arab Gulf States Power Sector." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 10275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110275.
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The increasing energy and water demands by the Arab Gulf states highlight the importance of sustainable use of energy resources. Wastewater sludge management for energy recovery creates an opportunity for sector integration for both wastewater treatment plants and renewable energy production. The objective of this study was to theoretically estimate the biomethane potential of wastewater sludge, together with identification of the role of biomethane in the region. The prediction of biomethane potential was based on the theoretical stoichiometry of biomethanation reactions, using the R-based package ‘Process Biogas Data and Predict Biogas Production’. The biomethane potential of sludge ranges between 232–334 × 106 m3, with a total heat-value up to 10.7 trillion BTUs annually. The produced biomethane can generate up to 1665 GWh of electric energy, an equivalent amount to the current levels of electricity generation from wind and solar power combined. The findings from the case study on Kuwait’s indicate that biomethane could displace 13 × 106 m3 of natural gas, or approximately 86,000 barrels of crude oil, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 86% when compared to the base-scenario. Despite its potential, biomethane recovery in the region is hindered by technical-, economic-, and policy-based barriers.
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Trubaev, Pavel. "Evaluation of the energy potential of landfill gas." Energy Systems 6, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/es.2021.1.009.
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The purpose of the work was to compare the potential of biogas generation at MSW landfills, determined by the most commonly used methods, and to determine the energy potential of landfill gas in the country's energy system, provided that it is fully used to generate electricity. Based on the equation of the chemical reaction of biogas formation, equations are proposed for calculating the specific yield of biogas components from 1 kg of waste and their shares in volume percent. Calculations according to the proposed formulas showed that the yield of biogas from a ton of waste for Russian MSW, the composition of which is accepted from different sources, varies significantly, from 312 to 433 m3. The composition of biogas changes little, and the theoretical content of methane in it ranges from 53% to 57%. The yield and composition of biogas was estimated using the Tabasaran-Rettenberger equation, LandGEM, DOD (IPCC), CLEEN models and Russian regulatory methods. The average total biogas yield was 195 m3/t waste with a variation coefficient of 38%, the average methane yield was 95 m3/t waste with a variation coefficient of 46%, and the average calorific value of biogas, related to 1 ton of waste from which it was formed, was 3 400 MJ/t of waste with a coefficient of variation of 44%. With a conversion efficiency of 39%, landfill gas from 1 ton of waste can generate 368 kWh of electricity. The total volume of municipal solid waste in Russia, subject to the full collection and use of biogas, makes it possible to generate 22.1 billion kWh of electricity, which is about 2% of the total energy consumption in the country. For a number of countries, the energy potential of landfill gas ranged from 0.05% (China) to 4.5% (Spain). Thus, landfill gas is a significant source of electricity in the overall energy balance.
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Bose, Archishman, Richard O’Shea, Richen Lin, and Jerry D. Murphy. "A comparative evaluation of design factors on bubble column operation in photosynthetic biogas upgrading." Biofuel Research Journal 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2021.8.2.2.
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Studies attempting to optimise photosynthetic biogas upgrading by simultaneous investigation of the bubble column-photobioreactor setup have experienced considerable variability in results and conclusions. To identify the sources of such variation, this work quantitatively compared seven design factors (superficial gas velocity; liquid to gas flow rate (L/G) ratio; empty bed residence time; liquid inlet pH; liquid inlet alkalinity; temperature; and algal concentration) using the L16 Taguchi orthogonal array as a screening design of experiment. Assessments were performed using the signal to noise (S/N) ratio on the performance of CO2 removal (CO2 removal efficiency, CO2 absorption rate, and overall CO2 mass transfer coefficient) and O2 stripping (O2 concentration in biomethane and O2 flow rate in biomethane). Results showed that pH and L/G ratio were the most critical design factors. Temperature and gas residence times had minimal impact on the biomethane composition. The interactive effect between pH and L/G ratio was the most impactful, followed by the interactive effects between superficial gas velocity and L/G ratio and pH on CO2 removal efficiency. The impact of L/G ratio, algal concentration, and pH (in that order of impact) caused up to a 90% variation in oxygen content in biomethane. However, algal concentration had a diminishing role as the L/G ratio increased. Using only the statistically significant main effects and interactions, the biomethane composition (CO2% and O2%) was predicted with over 95% confidence through regression equations for superficial gas velocity up to 0.2 cm/s.
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Karp, I. M., and K. Ye Pyanykh. "TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY USE OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 3 (September 20, 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.3.2019.03.
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Technological aspects of energy use of solid waste and their constituents and possibility of applying certain technologies in Ukraine are analyzed. Global trends in waste management technologies are identified. When organizing waste sorting, half of their energy potential can be used, which is estimated to be 1.5 billion m3 of natural gas equivalent in Ukraine. Share of food waste is close to 40 %. It is advisable to recycle them in biogas and biomethane mixtures with agricultural waste and energy plants. Biomethane production can be increased in several times. Electricity and heat production from biogas require government assistance in form of special tariffs. Biomethane is being used alongside natural gas in compressed and liquefied state as a motor fuel. Biogas complexes are used as balancing power of grids. The most common technology for utilizing the energy potential of municipal solid waste is incineration. Emissions systems for waste incineration plants have reached a level of perfection that allows them to be placed close to residential areas. Ref. 15, Fig. 6, Tab. 2.
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Lukanin, A. V., M. D. Kharlamova, E. S. Klevanova, and M. S. Burka. "Landfill Gas Utilization on the Example of the Landfill "Torbeevo"." Ecology and Industry of Russia 25, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2021-8-10-13.
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The scheme of landfill gas collection and the existing options for this gas utilization are described. The chemical composition of biogas macroand microcomponents is considered. The technological scheme of gas disposal at the landfill "Torbeevo" is presented. The landfill "Torbeevo" potential in terms of generating electricity from landfill gas is evaluated.
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Gómez, L. García, S. Luque, A. M. Gutiérrez, and J. R, Arraibi. "Implementing of a Usable Tool for Selecting Operations to Upgrade Biogas to Biomethane." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 9, no. 3 (September 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.3.529.
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In Spain, biomethane and biogas are still starting to be considered as an alternative to natural gas. A good way of promoting these renewable energies is supporting small and cheap treatment plants near to the place where the biogas is produced and where the biomethane can be used on site, fostering the circular economy. An easily usable simulation tool for selecting the best sequence of unit operations for treating biogas (based on adsorption, absorption, and membranes) has been designed. Pollutants modelled are CO2, CH4, NH3, SH2, CO2, O2, N2, H2O and siloxanes. This tool was used as first step to design a flexible and portable prototype for treating small flows of biogas as those produced in livestock which has been later built and is on operation.
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Antushevich, Anton Aleksandrovich, Polina Sergeevna Minakova, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zyazya, and Andrei Mikhailovich Poddubnyi. "The assessment of energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill." Вопросы безопасности, no. 5 (May 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2020.5.34738.
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This article examines the energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill in the town of Partizansk, Primorsky Krai. The landfill was launched in 1975. The landfill has a monsoon-type climate with warm, humid summers and cold winters with little amount of snow. The services are provided to 45,646 people. The morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) stored on the landfill consist of recyclable paper, glass, polymers, textiles, ferrous and nonferrous metal, food waste, etc. The authors provide a brief characteristics to the landfill; examine biogas yield, component composition of landfill gas, and average composition of biogas; determine specific density of biogas per year. The article calculates the maximum single and gross emissions of pollutants, average specific values of harmful emissions, annual and maximum single amount of landfill gas. Assessment is given to the theoretical energy value of municipal solid waste landfill. The energy capacity of municipal solid waste landfill and its economic efficiency are indicated. In the course of technical calculations, the number of nonrenewable energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas), which can be saved if replace energy carriers with landfill gas is determined. The analysis of using MSW as the renewable secondary energy resources demonstrates the growing role of this source in energy saving and capacity for reducing environmental pollution due to collection and disposal of biogas.
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Antushevich, Anton Aleksandrovich, Polina Sergeevna Minakova, Aleksandr Vladimirovich Zyazya, and Andrei Mikhailovich Poddubnyi. "The assessment of energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill." Вопросы безопасности, no. 1 (January 2021): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2021.1.34738.
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This article examines the energy capacity of the municipal solid waste landfill in the town of Partizansk, Primorsky Krai. The landfill was launched in 1975. The landfill has a monsoon-type climate with warm, humid summers and cold winters with little amount of snow. The services are provided to 45,646 people. The morphological composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) stored on the landfill consist of recyclable paper, glass, polymers, textiles, ferrous and nonferrous metal, food waste, etc. The authors provide a brief characteristics to the landfill; examine biogas yield, component composition of landfill gas, and average composition of biogas; determine specific density of biogas per year. The article calculates the maximum single and gross emissions of pollutants, average specific values of harmful emissions, annual and maximum single amount of landfill gas. Assessment is given to the theoretical energy value of municipal solid waste landfill. The energy capacity of municipal solid waste landfill and its economic efficiency are indicated. In the course of technical calculations, the number of nonrenewable energy resources (coal, oil, natural gas), which can be saved if replace energy carriers with landfill gas is determined. The analysis of using MSW as the renewable secondary energy resources demonstrates the growing role of this source in energy saving and capacity for reducing environmental pollution due to collection and disposal of biogas.
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Annibaldi, Valeria, Federica Cucchiella, Massimo Gastaldi, Marianna Rotilio, and Vincenzo Stornelli. "Sustainability of Biogas Based Projects: Technical and Economic Analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 93 (2019): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199303001.
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Biomethane is a renewable gas produced by the transformation of organic matter. It can lead to emissions reduction and it contributes to increasing methane production. Incentive policies favour its development and for this reason, the objective of this paper is to investigate the economic performance of biomethane plants and their process monitoring by electronic systems. Mathematical modeling is here presented to study the financial feasibility of biomethane plants in function of the size (100 m3/h, 250 m3/h, 500 m3/h, 1000 m3/h), the feedstock used (organic fraction of municipal solid waste and a mixture of 30% maize and 70% manure residues on a weight basic) and the destination for final use (fed into the grid, destined for cogeneration or sold as vehicle fuel). From an economic point of view the plant performance is studied by economic tools as Net Present Value and Discounted Payback Time and the uncertainty analysis is implemented using Monte Carlo method. Moreover, from a technical point of view, process monitoring is analyzed to understand what happens in a biomethane plant and help to maintain a stable process. The results show that the profitability of biomethane plants is verified in several scenarios presenting losses only if subsidies were removed.
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Adnan, Ong, Nomanbhay, Chew, and Show. "Technologies for Biogas Upgrading to Biomethane: A Review." Bioengineering 6, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6040092.
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The environmental impacts and high long-term costs of poor waste disposal have pushed the industry to realize the potential of turning this problem into an economic and sustainable initiative. Anaerobic digestion and the production of biogas can provide an efficient means of meeting several objectives concerning energy, environmental, and waste management policy. Biogas contains methane (60%) and carbon dioxide (40%) as its principal constituent. Excluding methane, other gasses contained in biogas are considered as contaminants. Removal of these impurities, especially carbon dioxide, will increase the biogas quality for further use. Integrating biological processes into the bio-refinery that effectively consume carbon dioxide will become increasingly important. Such process integration could significantly improve the sustainability of the overall bio-refinery process. The biogas upgrading by utilization of carbon dioxide rather than removal of it is a suitable strategy in this direction. The present work is a critical review that summarizes state-of-the-art technologies for biogas upgrading with particular attention to the emerging biological methanation processes. It also discusses the future perspectives for overcoming the challenges associated with upgradation. While biogas offers a good substitution for fossil fuels, it still not a perfect solution for global greenhouse gas emissions and further research still needs to be conducted.
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Gaikwad, Rohit, Sebastian N. B. Villadsen, Jan Pihl Rasmussen, Flemming Bjerg Grumsen, Lars Pleth Nielsen, Gary Gildert, Per Møller, and Philip Loldrup Fosbøl. "Container-Sized CO2 to Methane: Design, Construction and Catalytic Tests Using Raw Biogas to Biomethane." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121428.
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Direct catalytic methanation of CO2 (from CO2/CH4 biogas mixture) to produce biomethane was conducted in a pilot demonstration plant. In the demonstration project (MeGa-StoRE), a biogas desulfurization process and thermochemical methanation of biogas using hydrogen produced by water electrolysis were carried out at a fully operational biogas plant in Denmark. The main objective of this part of the project was to design and develop a reactor system for catalytic conversion of CO2 in biogas to methane and feed biomethane directly to the existing natural gas grid. A process was developed in a portable container with a 10 Nm3/h of biogas conversion capacity. A test campaign was run at a biogas plant for more than 6 months, and long-time operation revealed a stable steady-state conversion of more than 90% CO2 conversion to methane. A detailed catalytic study was performed to investigate the high activity and stability of the applied catalyst.
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Sánchez-Martín, Laura, Marcelo Ortega Romero, Bernardo Llamas, María del Carmen Suárez Rodríguez, and Pedro Mora. "Cost Model for Biogas and Biomethane Production in Anaerobic Digestion and Upgrading. Case Study: Castile and Leon." Materials 16, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010359.
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The increase in pig production is a key factor in the fight against climate change. The main problem is the amount of slurry which causes environmental problems, therefore optimal management is needed. This management consists of an anaerobic digestion process in which biogas is produced and a subsequent upgrading process produces biomethane. In this study, a comparison of different biomethane production systems is completed in order to determine the optimum for each pig farm, determining that conventional upgrading systems can be used on farms with more than 11,000 pigs and, for smaller numbers of pigs, the biological upgrading system. The implementation of these technologies contributes to reducing fossil energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions by using biogas and biomethane as heat, electricity or vehicle fuel.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "PENGELOLAAN EMISI GAS LANDFILL (BIOGAS) SEBAGAI ENERGI TERBARUKAN." Sutet 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/sutet.v7i1.166.
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The final landfill is a place to hoard the garbage and the bin gets the last treatment. The final disposal site may be either deep or field-shaped. In recent years, dumped end landfills have finally been converted to a public open space. Final waste disposal site is one of the biggest sources of landfill gas emissions in Indonesia. In the anaerobic process, the organic material decomposes and the landfill gas is produced. This gas then converges and rises regardless of the atmosphere. This becomes dangerous because it can cause an explosion, but it can also cause photochemical smog.
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Savickis, J., L. Zemite, N. Zeltins, I. Bode, L. Jansons, E. Dzelzitis, A. Koposovs, A. Selickis, and A. Ansone. "The Biomethane Injection into the Natural Gas Networks: The EU’s Gas Synergy Path." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 57, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2020-0020.
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AbstractBiomethane is one of the most promising renewable gases (hereafter – RG) – a flexible and easily storable fuel, and, when used along with the natural gas in any mixing proportion, no adjustments on equipment designed to use natural gas are required. In regions where natural gas grids already exist, there is a system suitable for distribution of the biomethane as well. Moreover, improving energy efficiency and sustainability of the gas infrastructure, it can be used as total substitute for natural gas. Since it has the same chemical properties as natural gas, with methane content level greater than 96 %, biomethane is suitable both for heat and electricity generation, and the use in transport.Biomethane is injected into the natural gas networks of many Member States of the European Union (hereafter – the EU) on a regular basis for more than a decade, with the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Sweden and France being among pioneers in this field. In most early cases, permission to inject biomethane into the natural gas grids came as part of a policy to decarbonize the road transport sector and was granted on a case-by-case basis. The intention to legally frame and standardise the EU’s biomethane injection into the natural gas networks came much later and was fulfilled in the second half of the present decade.This paper addresses the biomethane injection into the natural gas grids in some EU countries, highlights a few crucial aspects in this process, including but not limited to trends in standardisation and legal framework, injection conditions and pressure levels, as well as centralised biogas feedstock collection points and the biomethane injection facilities. In a wider context, the paper deals with the role of biomethane in the EU energy transition and further use of the existing natural gas networks.
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Zueva, Svetlana, Andrey A. Kovalev, Yury V. Litti, Nicolò M. Ippolito, Valentina Innocenzi, and Ida De Michelis. "Environmental and Economic Aspects of Biomethane Production from Organic Waste in Russia." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 5244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175244.
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According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), only a tiny fraction of the full potential of energy from biomass is currently exploited in the world. Biogas is a good source of energy and heat, and a clean fuel. Converting it to biomethane creates a product that combines all the benefits of natural gas with zero greenhouse gas emissions. This is important given that the methane contained in biogas is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2). The total amount of CO2 emission avoided due to the installation of biogas plants is around 3380 ton/year, as 1 m3 of biogas corresponds to 0.70 kg of CO2 saved. In Russia, despite the huge potential, the development of bioenergy is rather on the periphery, due to the abundance of cheap hydrocarbons and the lack of government support. Based on the data from an agro-industrial plant located in Central Russia, the authors of the article demonstrate that biogas technologies could be successfully used in Russia, provided that the Russian Government adopted Western-type measures of financial incentives.
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Lukanin, A. V., M. D. Kharlamova, A. A. Levin, S. A. Levin, E. S. Pozdnyakova, and M. Adamovich. "Production of Protein-Vitamin Supplement (Gaprin) Based on Landfill Biogas." Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, no. 3 (March 11, 2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-3-4-11.
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Casasso, Alessandro, Marta Puleo, Deborah Panepinto, and Mariachiara Zanetti. "Economic Viability and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Budget of the Biomethane Retrofit of Manure-Operated Biogas Plants: A Case Study from Piedmont, Italy." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147979.
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The management of livestock manures and slurries noticeably improved since the massive introduction of anaerobic digestion (AD) plants in Italy and other European Union (EU) countries. However, these plants heavily rely on incentives, and the recent switch of European biogas policies from electricity to biomethane potentially threatens the economic viability of manure AD. In this study, three retrofit options are analyzed for an installation in Piedmont (NW Italy) that is currently producing 999 kWel through combined heat and power (CHP). The techno-economic feasibility and the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget is analyzed for each solution. Results show that exploiting current incentives on electricity is vital to fund the retrofit of CHP plants to biomethane. Energy crop and electricity prices, the sale price of biomethane certificates after the end of incentives, and biogas productivity are the critical parameters for the economic profitability of manure AD plants, along with the possibility to deliver biomethane directly to the pipeline grid. This study provides insight to the reconversion of manure AD plants, addressing issues that affect hundreds of installations in Italy and other EU countries.
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Xue, Jian, Yin Li, Joshua Peppers, Chao Wan, Norman Y. Kado, Peter G. Green, Thomas M. Young, and Michael J. Kleeman. "Ultrafine Particle Emissions from Natural Gas, Biogas, and Biomethane Combustion." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 22 (October 8, 2018): 13619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04170.
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Hilaire, F., E. Basset, R. Bayard, M. Gallardo, D. Thiebaut, and J. Vial. "Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for biogas and biomethane analysis." Journal of Chromatography A 1524 (November 2017): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.071.
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Cabrera, S., and A. Guevara. "Landfill Gas Generation and Utilisation (Case study: Chasinato Landfill. Ambato, Ecuador)." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.290.
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The landfill is a final disposal technique to confine solid waste, it has big potency as renewable energy source since it generates biogas from organic waste degradation process which can be used for cogeneration plants. The purposes are to quantify the gas production potential of landfilled refuse and to suggest alternatives to use energy from Landfill gas generated. In 2020, the volume of solid waste disposed to Chasinato Landfill reached 250.61 tons per day, with 41.03% of organic waste. Landfill gas (LFG) generated was evaluated using LandGEM and Ecuador LFG model, which was modified applying methane rates obtained with on site experimental measures. It was projected to obtain 365.40 cubic meters per hour in 2021, and 522.33 cubic meters per hour in 2029. The available power from recovered LFG reach: 820 kW in 2021 and 1,180 kW in 2029. Finally, the biogas generated reduces the impact related to global warming and would contribute cogeneration in low scale with electric energy and useful heat.
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Afanasyev, V. A., A. N. Ostrikov, I. S. Bogomolov, D. A. Nesterov, and P. V. Filiptsov. "Calculation of infrared heating burners of a micronizer using biomethane." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-17-26.
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Studies have been carried out on the purification of biogas from sulfur compounds, carbon dioxide and water vapor for subsequent use in micronizer burners. The possibility of bringing it to the parameters of natural gas of the following composition: methane (CH4) – 85 % vol., carbon dioxide СО2 – 11 % vol., water vapor – 9 mg/m3, hydrogen sulfide H2S - 20 mg/m3 with minimal energy costs for its preparation is demonstrated. The basic relationships are obtained for assessing the design and technological parameters of the infrared radiation burners operation. Experimental studies of the flame stability limits on perforated ceramic nozzles have shown that flashback through them is possible when the thermal power is increased to a certain critical value. In this case, the thermal power depends on the type of gas and the air content in the combustible mixture. The heat balance equations have been derived to optimize the designs and operation modes of infrared radiation burners. The design of 40 gas burners was improved by changing the geometric dimensions and shape for a uniform distribution of biogas supplied and sustainable combustion over the entire area of the burner. It was established that the temperature of the heating surface of the GIK-8 burner on gas mixtures with a CO2 content of 18-34 % is 900-950 ° C, which does not differ from the nominal temperature when operating on natural gas. The infrared heating system was modernized, adapted for burning purified biogas with methane content up to 98 %, in particular, the biomethane feed and control system, the additional biogas input system, and the automatic burner control system were improved.
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Barsallo, Nilma R., Álvaro I. Ochoa, Lesmes A. Corredor, Maira A. Sierra, and Iván Ochoa. "Thermoeconomic Analysis of Biomethane Large Scale Production for Cities from Landfill and Sewage Biogas." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1 (April 2018): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj16.313.
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Ivanov, Yu V., H. V. Zhuk, L. R. Onopa, and S. P. Krushnevych. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF WATER AND WATER-AMINE ABSORPTION PROCESSES FOR EXTRACTING CO2 FROM BIOGAS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2021.02.
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The production of biomethane from biogas energy costsfor the most widely used amine and water processes for extracting carbon dioxide from biogas were analyzed using computer simulation. Combined water-amine absorption method of biogas purification from CO2 wasincluded in the comparative analysis.
For the CO2 content of the biogas from 32 to 42 %, the specific energy costs when using water absorption to extract carbon dioxide from biogas are, on average, in ~ 2.5 times lower than amine absorption, but the loss of CH4 by water absorption was 7.1–7.6 % due to its watersolubility with practically zero CH4 loss when using amine absorption and insignificant loss (0.17–2.8 %) using water-amine technology.
Using preliminary water absorption of CO2 saved CH4 can compensate the power consumption of the biogas compressor or the heatcosts of saturated amine absorbent regenerating. This will allowto reduce energy consumption to almost equal to water absorptionone. The results of simulation of carbon dioxide extraction from biogas can be used to optimize technological absorption schemes for the production of biomethane — an analogueof natural gas. Bibl. 13, Fig. 5, Tab. 6.
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Ciuła, Józef, Krzysztof Gaska, Agnieszka Generowicz, and Gabriela Hajduga. "Energy from Landfill Gas as an Example of Circular Economy." E3S Web of Conferences 30 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183003002.
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Landfill biogas becomes an important factor in elimination of fossil fuels as a result of fast- growing use of renewable energy sources. The article presents an analysis of operation of the plant where landfill biogas was utilized for energy production. The average annually (gross) productions of electric energy and heat at the plant were 1217 MWh and 1,789 MW, respectively. The average calorific value of biogas was 17 MJ/m3, which corresponds to 4,8 kW/m3. According to the measurements and actual readings acquired during operation of a cogeneration unit, it can be stated that the CHP system has been working within its average operation limits and still has some power reserves to utilize. Therefore, the authors concluded that a landfill can be operated both as a producer and a supplier of prosumer energy.
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Laing, Harry, Chris O'Malley, Anthony Browne, Tony Rutherford, Tony Baines, and Mark J. Willis. "Development of a biogas distribution model for a wastewater treatment plant: a mixed integer linear programming approach." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 12 (August 4, 2020): 2761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.363.
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Abstract In this paper, we propose a realistic model for gas distribution of an advanced municipal wastewater treatment works and through minimisation of the total cost of gas distribution we perform retrospective optimisation (RO) using historical plant data. This site is the first in the UK with a mixed operational strategy for biomethane produced on site: to burn in combined heat and power (CHP) engines to create electricity, burn in steam boilers for onsite steam use or inject the biomethane into the National Grid. In addition, natural gas can be imported to make up shortfalls in biomethane if required. Implemented using a novel mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach, to ensure a fast and robust solution, our results indicate the plant operated optimally within accepted tolerance 98% of the time. However, improving plant robustness (such as reducing unexpected breakdown incidents) could yield a significant increase in gas revenue of 7.8%.
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Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, and María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero. "Mathematical Modeling of the Biogas Production in MSW Landfills. Impact of the Implementation of Organic Matter and Food Waste Selective Collection Systems." Atmosphere 11, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11121306.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas is formed under anaerobic conditions by decomposition of the organic matter present in waste. The estimation of biogas production, which depends fundamentally on the type of waste deposited in the landfill, is essential when designing the gas capture system and the possible generation of energy. BIOLEACH, a mathematical model for the real-time management of MSW landfills, enables the estimation of biogas generation based on the waste mix characteristics and the local meteorological conditions. This work studies the impact of installing selective organic matter collection systems on landfill biogas production. These systems reduce the content of food waste that will eventually be deposited in the landfill. Results obtained using BIOLEACH on a set of scenarios under real climate conditions in a real landfill located in the Region of Murcia (Spain) are shown. Results demonstrate that actual CH4 and CO2 production depends fundamentally on the monthly amount of waste stored in the landfill, its chemical composition and the availability and distribution of water inside the landfill mass.
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Mateescu, Carmen, Nicoleta Oana Nicula, and Andreea Daniela Dima. "Enzymatic pretreatment of algal biomass for enhanced conversion to biogas." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 4, no. 4 (December 2, 2019): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2019.4.4.361.
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"This paper presents a method for the enzymatic pretreatment of algal biomass used as a fermentation substrate in anaerobic bioreactors for biogas production, in order to improve the energy efficiency of the biogas systems. The pretreatment method aims at breaking compact carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicelluloses) macromolecular structures from algal biomass under the action of a hydrolytic enzymes mixture secreted by the fungal species Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma versicolor, Penicillinum chrysosporium, Fusarium solani, Chaetomium thermophile and Myrothecium verrucaria, thus facilitating access of anaerobic fermentation bacteria to heavily biodegradable cellulosic fibres, reducing fermentation time length and implicitly increasing the biomethane yield of anaerobic reactors. The laboratory experiments involving the marine macroalgae Ulva sp. have proven a significant increase in the concentration and total volume of biomethane in the fermentation gas produced by the enzymatically pretreated sample with the selective fungal mixture, compared to the untreated sample. It is expected that such a non-corrosive pretreatment method can bring higher biomethane production with minimal conditioning costs and fewer process residues, thus increasing the biogas systems profitability."
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Lindorfer, J., and M. M. Schwarz. "Site-specific economic and ecological analysis of enhanced production, upgrade and feed-in of biomethane from organic wastes." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 3 (February 1, 2013): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.617.
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The present study analyses the cost structure and ecological performance of biomethane production and feed-in from organic wastes and manure in a site-specific approach for Upper Austria. The theoretically available quantities of biowaste and manure can feed representative biogas plant capacities resulting in relatively high biomethane full costs in the natural gas grid of at least 9.0 €-cents/kWh, which shows strong economies of scale when feed-in flows of methane from 30 to 120 Nm3/h are considered. From the ecological point of view small plant capacities are to be preferred since the environmental effect, i.e. the global warming potential (up to –22% of CO2eq), is lower in comparison to higher capacities as a consequence of reduced transport in the evaluated scenarios. To enforce the combined energetic use of the biowaste fraction, co-operation between compost facility, gas grid and biogas plant operators is necessary to use existing infrastructure, logistics and knowledge to promote the production, upgrade and feed-in of biomethane from biowastes at attractive locations in Upper Austria and in the whole of Europe.
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Japperi, Nur Shuhadah, Zharif Zainulazfar Mohd Asri, Wan Zairani Wan Bakar, 'Aqilah Dollah, Mohd Fazril Irfan Ahmad Fuad, and Siti Nurliyana Che Mohamed Hussein. "Review on landfill gas formation from leachate biodegradation." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 4, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v4i1.12719.
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Landfill waste management is a very crucial procedure in handling Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) because it may create significant environmental issues if it is not managed properly. Landfill leachate and landfill gas (LFG) is part of the landfill waste management which triggered lot of researchers especially in terms of the environmental implications associated with the movement of the gasses during the waste constituents’ processes. Hence, this paper review is aiming to understand the behaviour of leachate itself as a decomposition agent in producing landfill gas (biogas). Biogas is naturally produced by anaerobic bacteria through anaerobic digestion which is affected by operating parameters and substrate characteristic. The results indicate that temperature, pH, and C/N ratio of leachate are the important factors that could increase the production of biogas with high content of methane. Furthermore, in terms of microbial activity during anaerobic digestion process, hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogen are the dominant substrate that contribute in producing methane gas as the final product. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the common fermentative bacteria that had been found during fermentation process in hydrolysis and acidogenic phases. While, methanobacterial, methanococcal, methanomicrobial, methanosarcinal, and methanopyral are being classified as orders among 65 types of methanogenic archaea during methanogenesis stage. Overall, the relationships between operating parameters and microbial structure are important aspects that need to be considered in order to optimize the production of methane gas.
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Livi, Massimiliano, and Ferruccio Trifirò. "Pyrogasification to Produce Biogas and Biomethane from Wood Wastes." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 46, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.460401.
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This communication contains information on some existing plants in Italy of pyrogasification of woody biomass, there is the treatment at a temperature between 800-1200℃ before in absence of oxygen(pyrolysis) and subsequent in lack of oxygen (gasification) to obtain a gas which it then sent to an internal combustion engine which produce electricity and heat. Subsequently we shall report information of two demonstration plants realized in Europe of production of biogas from woody biomass by gasification and consecutive hydrogenation to biomethane. It is also reported a pilot plant realized in Italy of production of biogas by gasification and consecutive hydrogenation to biomethane by hydrogenation with hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water.
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Aworanti, O. A., S. E. Agarry, and O. O. Ogunleye. "Biomethanization of Cattle Manure, Pig Manure and Poultry Manure Mixture in Co-digestion with Waste of Pineapple Fruit and Content of Chicken-Gizzard- Part I: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modelling Studies." Open Biotechnology Journal 11, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070701711010036.
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Background:The increased energy consumption from fossil fuels with its attendant gas emissions and environmental problems has provided the impetus to exploit new energy source that are renewable and environmentally-friendly.Objective:This work focused on the investigation and evaluation of the single or individual effects of feed-inoculum ratio, temperature, and agitation speed (i.e.operating variables) on biomethanization of the mixture of cattle manure, pig manure and poultry manure (mixed animal wastes) co-digested with pineapple fruit waste and content of chicken-gizzard (inoculum) as well as to model the kinetics of biomethanization at these different operating variables and to determine the thermodynamic properties of the biomethanization process.Method:The biomethanization experiments were carried out in anaerobic biodigesters at operating variables of feed/inoculums ratio that ranged from 1:1 to 3:1, temperature from 25 to 60°C, and agitation speed from 30 - 70 rpm using one factor at a time (OFAT) method. The biodigesters were incubated for 70 days retention time.Result:The feed/inoculum ratio, temperature and agitation speed had positive impact on cumulative biogas yield, biomethane content and start-up time of biomethanization. The cumulative biogas yield and biomethane content achieved with agitation speed of 30 to 70 rpm was respectively higher than the biogas yield and biomethane content attained without agitation. Minimum cumulative biogas yield and biomethane content was respectively obtained with feed/inoculum ratio of 1:1, temperature of 25°C and agitation speed of 70 rpm; while maximum cumulative biogas yield with its biomethane content was attained with feed/inoculum ratios of 1:3 and 3:1, temperature of 60°C and agitation speed of 30 rpm, respectively. Modified Gompertz and Exponential Rise to Maximum kinetic models fitted very well to the data and thus showed better correlation of cumulative biogas production. The thermodynamic parameters of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy change and activation energy of biomethanization were estimated and evaluated, and was found that the biomethanization process was thermodynamically feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature suggesting hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway. The activation energy of the biomethanization process was found to be 3.324 kJ/ mol. The specific heat capacity at constant volume and constant pressure, specific internal energy and specific enthalpy of the biogas and biomethane content increased with increase in temperature.Conclusion:Biogas/biomethane production from the biomethanization of mixed animal wastes co-digested with fruit waste and inoculum is a feasible, viable and sustainable renewable energy option that can be simulated by kinetic models and influenced by operating variables.