Relevant bibliographies by topics / Biofouling

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Biofouling'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Biofouling"

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Pitriana, P., A. W. Radjab, and A. Basit. "Biofouling on mooring systems in the Talaud and Halmahera Seas, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1163, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1163/1/012012.

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Abstract Many deep-sea scientific discoveries have been driven by sampling from mooring systems. We observed biofouling assemblages on five mooring systems in the Talaud Sea and the Halmahera Sea. Biofoulings on all the mooring components extending from the sea surface to the depth of 1800–2000 m were documented. We found mollusks, barnacles, annelids, algae, and sponges assemblages on buoys, instruments, and cables of the mooring systems. Barnacle Heteralepas sp. was the most dominant biofouling attached to the float instruments of all mooring systems. At a depth of 200 m, we found mollusks, barnacles, and sponges; while algae were founded at a depth of 750 m, 1000 m, 1200 m, and 1800 m. In comparison, sponges were detected at a depth of 200 m, 250 m, 500 m, 750 m, 1000 m, 1200 m, and 1800 m. Nevertheless, at a depth of 2000 m, we did not find any biofouling attached to the mooring systems.
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Regitasyali, S., M. H. N. Aliffrananda, Y. A. Hermawan, M. L. Hakim, and I. K. A. P. Utama. "Numerical investigation on the effect of homogenous roughness due to biofouling on ship friction resistance." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012026.

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Abstract Ships are subject to increased surface roughness due to the attachment of biofoulings on their hull. When the surface of a ship’s hull is rough, increased frictional resistance can be expected. A ship’s frictional resistance make up almost 80 – 85% of its total resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the ship’s frictional resistance value to a minimum. In this study, the effects of roughness length scale due to biofouling on friction resistance are investigated. To achieve reliable results, this study used the 3D DTMB 5415 model that was established as a benchmark study by ITTC. Roughness length scales representing biofoulings are applied to the model and analyzed by using the CFD software at a service speed, reaching a Froude Number of 0.28. Results of the simulation are compared and analysed to gain an understanding of the increased friction resistance value due to biofouling. For the smooth case, the results are in agreement with the towing test conducted by ITTC. In addition, friction resistance is found to be increasing along with the rise of the roughness length scale.
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Fawcett, HowardH. "Biofouling." Journal of Hazardous Materials 23, no. 1 (January 1990): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(90)85015-u.

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Flemming, H. C., and G. Schaule. "Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung - Biofilm und Biofouling: Biofouling." Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45, no. 1 (January 1994): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940450109.

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Maliszewska, Irena, and Tomasz Czapka. "Biofouling Removal from Membranes Using Nonthermal Plasma." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 4318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174318.

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An essential aspect of wastewater treatment systems based on membranes is fouling, which leads to a decrease in their performance and durability. The membrane biofouling is directly related to the deposition of biological particles (e.g., microorganisms in the form of biofilm) on the membrane surface. The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility of using nonthermal plasma for membrane treatment to overcome the biofouling problem. The removal of biological cells from the membrane surface was performed in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The biofoulant (i.e., activated sludge) on the surface of membranes was treated with plasma for 3–10 min, corresponding to a plasma dose of 13–42 J cm−2. Results of biofouling removal studies indicated that the process was very efficient (i.e., lethal effect was also observed) and dependent on the type of membrane and exposure time to the nonthermal plasma. Moreover, investigations of the influence of plasma treatment on extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms have confirmed the possibility of using plasma in the process of protein release from biological structures, which results in their destruction. It seems that plasma technologies can be part of the so-called hybrid methods of removing biological contamination of membranes used in wastewater treatment.
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Vrouwenvelder, J. S., J. C. Kruithof, and M. C. M. Van Loosdrecht. "Integrated approach for biofouling control." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 11 (December 1, 2010): 2477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.747.

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Despite extensive research efforts, past and present strategies to control biofouling problems in spiral-wound nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes have not been successful under all circumstances. Gaining insight in the biofouling process is a first necessity. Based on recent insights, an overview is given of 12 potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling. Combinations of approaches may be more efficient in biofouling control than a single approach. A single approach must be 100% effective, while in combination each individual approach can be partially effective while the combination is still efficient. An integrated Approach for Biofouling Control (ABC) is proposed, based on three corner stones: (i) equipment design and operation, (ii) biomass growth conditions, and (iii) cleaning agents as a framework to control biofouling. While past and present strategies addressed mainly membranes and microorganisms, i.e. removal or inactivation of biomass, this ABC-approach addresses the total membrane filtration system. It is anticipated that this integral approach will enable a more rational and effective control of biofouling. Although in this stage chemical cleaning and biofouling inhibitor dosage seem unavoidable to control biofouling, it is expected that in future—because of sustainability and costs reasons—membrane systems will be developed without or with minimal need for chemical cleaning and dosing. Three potential scenarios for biofouling control are proposed based on (i) biofouling tolerant spiral wound membrane systems, (ii) capillary membranes, and (iii) phosphate limitation.
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Vinagre, Pedro Almeida, Teresa Simas, Erica Cruz, Emiliano Pinori, and Johan Svenson. "Marine Biofouling: A European Database for the Marine Renewable Energy Sector." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8070495.

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Biofouling is a major problem shared among all maritime sectors employing submerged structures where it leads to substantially increased costs and lowered operational lifespans if poorly addressed. Insight into the ongoing processes at the relevant marine locations is key to effective management of biofouling. Of specific concern for the marine renewable energy (MRE) sector is the fact that information on biofouling composition and magnitude across geographies is dispersed throughout published papers and consulting reports. To enable rapid access to relevant key biofouling events the present work describes a European biofouling database to support the MRE sector and other maritime industries. The database compiles in one document qualitative and quantitative data for challenging biofouling groups, including non-native species associated with MRE and related marine equipment, in different European Ecoregions. It provides information on the occurrence of fouling species and data on key biofouling parameters, such as biofouling thickness and weight. The database aims to aid the MRE sector and offshore industries in understanding which biofouling communities their devices are more susceptible to at a given site, to facilitate informed decisions. In addition, the biofouling mapping is useful for the development of biosecurity risk management plans as well as academic research.
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Han, Cong, and Zhigang Qu. "A methodology for removing biofouling of the hull based on ultrasonic guided waves." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2031, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2031/1/012006.

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Abstract Marine biofouling is considered as the undesired growth and accumulation of biological organisms on the surface of materials submerged in seawater. Marine biofouling could increase the resistance and fuel consumption of ships. In this paper, a novel method for removing biofouling on ship hull based on cavitation effect and ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) is proposed, which is eco-friendly and could remove biofouling online. The simulation model is established by finite element method to study the sound pressure distribution on the steel plat. The biofouling removal experiment is designed, which reveals that it is feasible to remove biofouling efficiently with UGWs.
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Dobretsov, Sergey, and Daniel Rittschof. "“Omics” Techniques Used in Marine Biofouling Studies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (June 23, 2023): 10518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310518.

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Biofouling is the growth of organisms on wet surfaces. Biofouling includes micro- (bacteria and unicellular algae) and macrofouling (mussels, barnacles, tube worms, bryozoans, etc.) and is a major problem for industries. However, the settlement and growth of some biofouling species, like oysters and corals, can be desirable. Thus, it is important to understand the process of biofouling in detail. Modern “omic” techniques, such as metabolomics, metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, provide unique opportunities to study biofouling organisms and communities and investigate their metabolites and environmental interactions. In this review, we analyze the recent publications that employ metagenomic, metabolomic, and proteomic techniques for the investigation of biofouling and biofouling organisms. Specific emphasis is given to metagenomics, proteomics and publications using combinations of different “omics” techniques. Finally, this review presents the future outlook for the use of “omics” techniques in marine biofouling studies. Like all trans-disciplinary research, environmental “omics” is in its infancy and will advance rapidly as researchers develop the necessary expertise, theory, and technology.
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Zainal Abidin, Mohd Zaki, Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi, Fazlena Hamzah, and Nurul Aimi Ghazali. "Assessing biofouling in Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) power plant – A review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2053, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2053/1/012011.

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Abstract Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) harnesses thermal energy stored at different seawater depths via power generation from a thermodynamic closed-loop cyclical system. Apart from its consistent energy generation, it could be diversified into other side industries, making OTEC an attractive and sustainable source of renewable energy. However, the process that utilises seawater as its main fluid is exposed to biofouling deposition due to unwanted growth and accumulation of biological elements on any contact surfaces, potentially affecting its efficiency and damaging equipment in the process. Considering that biofouling is an inevitable condition that may not be eliminated, a comprehensive study for assessing potential biofouling growth and deposition mechanism is a crucial step for strategizing effective biofouling management in a commercial and large-scale OTEC power plant facility. This review paper focuses on evaluating suitable biofouling assessment techniques specifically for a large-scale OTEC power plant facility. This is achieved by evaluating previous and proposed biofouling assessment techniques relevant to OTEC systems by focusing on their implementation under a realistic OTEC setup. The initial study indicated that the potential of biofouling deposition may be unavoidable in some sections in all OTEC models, despite biofouling-free design consideration. Previous OTEC biofouling studies were evaluated with reported physical and biological assessment approaches indicated the need to further improve these techniques especially in continuous and non-destructive methods. Therefore, several biofouling monitoring systems reported from other water treatment industries were considered for the OTEC systems, with findings indicated the importance of considering important OTEC operational parameters for feasible and robust biofouling monitoring systems. Two major parameters which are seawater intake flow rate and temperature variation at different seawater intake levels were evaluated under OTEC operational evaluation by considering examples of practices conducted in cooling water systems in the power plant industry. A realistic biofouling monitoring setup for mimicking continuous changes in biofouling deposition is required, in this case by side-connecting an operated OTEC power plant facility with a pilot plant setup or a side sampler. This step allows the application of proposed biofouling monitoring techniques under a realistic and uninterrupted biofouling deposition setup.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Biofouling"

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Smith, Gordon William Graham. "Biofouling of dental handpieces." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3075/.

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Dental handpieces (HP’s) are used during semi-critical and critical dental procedures that imply the HP must be sterile at the point of use. The aim of this study was to undertake a quantitative and qualitative analysis of dental HP contamination to inform the development of HP cleaning. Preliminary validation work on protein desorbtion methods and protein detection assays resulted in boiling in 1% sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and the o-phthaldialedhyde (OPA) assay (sensitivity 5 μg/ml) selected for further use in this study. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of HP microbial and protein contamination was then undertaken. Before decontamination, bacteria were isolated from high speed HP’s (n=40) (median 200 cfu, range 0-1.9x104 CFU/instrument), low speed HP’s(n-40) (median 400 cfu, range 0-1x104 CFU/instrument) and surgical HP’s (n=20) (median 1x103, range 0-3.7x104 CFU/instrument). A range of oral bacteria were identified in addition to Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Protein was detected from high speed HP’s (median 1.3, range 0- 210g), low speed HP’s (median 15.41 μg, range 0 - 448 μg) and surgical HP’s (median 350 μg, range 127.5– 1,936 μg) before decontamination. Serum albumin and salivary mucin were identified on surgical HP’s before decontamination. Calcium based deposits and contaminants trapped in lubricating oil were also detected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX). The efficacy of detergents and a HP cleaning solution at cleaning HP contaminants was assessed in vitro with a standard test soil and disruption of biofilms with a range of cleaning efficacies noted from each cleaning solution tested. Alkaline detergents caused a significant biomass disruption of P. acnes biofilms compared to ROH2O alone. HP cleaning solution resulted in fixation of the biofilm and blood to the surface. The efficacy of novel HP cleaning machines was also assessed using a test soil based on the data generated in this study. Efficacy varied between devices tested with one demonstrating efficient protein removal in all but 1 HP location. The data presented describes a quantitative and qualitative assessment of common contaminants of HP’s, mainly bacteria, salivary mucin and serum albumin. In-vivo biofouling levels of HP’s are several fold lower than standard test soil formulations and consideration should be given to use of HP test soil based on in-vivo data to validate HP cleaning processes. The data generated in this thesis should aid in designing dental HP test soils and cleaning regimens.
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Arnaud, Damien. "Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Arnaud, Damien (2015) Biofouling on reverse osmosis membranes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/29838/.

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Membrane biofouling is a major concern in water treatment processes as it can significantly reduce the system’s efficiency. Biofouling is mainly caused by microorganisms, and is difficult to control or avoid. It leads to higher operating pressure which strains the membrane, shortens the membrane life, and increases maintenance costs. Multiple literature reviews suggest that the main contributors to membrane biofouling are polysaccharides. This is why in this project two model polysaccharides (alginate and xanthan) were used to study their individual fouling effects on reverse osmosis efficiency, as well as their fouling effects coupled with calcium chloride on the same system’s efficiency. During experiments, the polysaccharides were used in 0.2g/L concentrations, while calcium chloride was used at a concentration of 1.3mM. Because alginate and xanthan are two different types of polysaccharides, they would be expected to have different physical and chemical properties and thus have different fouling behaviours. It was found that the polysaccharides did not have much effect on the system’s efficiency in the absence of calcium chloride. In experiments where calcium chloride was added in the feed solution with the polysaccharide, it was demonstrated that the addition of salt led to increased membrane fouling and greater decreases in system efficiency. The fouled membranes were kept for confocal laser scanning microscopy of the fouling layers. The images determined the general structure of the cake formed on the membrane. Using the Imaris software, calculations on the average volume the cake layer was occupying (bio-volume) and the average compactness of the cake layer could be done. During experiments, the membrane showed good salt rejections with over 96% salt rejection for each experiment
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Suwannakarn, Monthat. "Biofouling on forward osmosis system." Thesis, Suwannakarn, Monthat (2016) Biofouling on forward osmosis system. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33949/.

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Fouling is an inevitable issue that all membrane systems have to face. The presence of membrane fouling causes membrane systems (such as reverse osmosis and forward osmosis) to suffer the increase of resistance thus reducing the efficiency of the systems. This raises concerns about the osmosis technology as it also reduces the system and membrane lifetime while increasing the maintenance costs. From previous papers and literature review, polysaccharides were found to be the main contributor to membrane fouling. The literature explains the polysaccharides that caused the membrane fouling were alginate, BSA, AHA, xanthan and others however, only alginate and xanthan were tested in this research project. The mixing interaction of other cations such as Ca2+ with some of the aforementioned polysaccharides (salt in the form of CaCl2 and NaCl were also tested to see the changes in fouling effects when both are combined. Throughout the experiments, a fixed amount of NaCl and CaCl2 and the polysaccharide were kept constant. The draw solution (NaCl mixed with DI water) was always retained to be saturated. These experiments were designed in this way to examine the differences between each polysaccharide and its combination towards fouling behaviour, since alginate and xanthan have different chemical characteristics. The results show that xanthan causes a higher resistance compared to alginate. In the case where NaCl and CaCl2 were present in the feed solution, the resistance of both polysaccharides greatly increases thus resulting in lowering the flux and ultimately decreasing the system efficiency. Out of all the experiments, the xanthan with salt resulted in highest flux decrease while the alginate only had the least flux decline (excluding the baseline experiment). Further analysis was done using the total organic carbon (TOC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). These examinations demonstrated the characteristics and properties of the polysaccharide layers that were formed on the membrane surface. The CLSM result was compared with the flux and resistance movement and it was found that they supported each other (and the findings were closely related). Since CLSM analysis is able to show the x, y and z dimension, the thickness can be found within each CLSM images. Therefore the thickness of the polysaccharide (fouling) layer (from CLSM images) was thick and/or dense, the (a higher resistance was achieved) higher the resistance would be and vice versa.
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Zaghy, Amar. "Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes." Thesis, Zaghy, Amar (2016) Biofouling in reverse osmosis processes. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/33970/.

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Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove salt and other particles from drinking water. It is the dominant technology which has overtaken many conventional systems in recent years. Membrane biofouling is the main disadvantage of using RO technology which can result in reducing the system’s efficiency. The rejected microorganisms on the surface of the membrane form a fouling layer (biofouling) which leads to a decline in permeate flux, increase of hydraulic resistance, increase in operating pressure, and shortening of the membrane life. Polysaccharides, produced by microorganisms, are the main substances responsible for membrane biofouling. In this study, two types of polysaccharides (alginate and pullulan) were used to investigate their individual fouling effects as well as their fouling effects coupled with sodium chloride and calcium chloride. 50 mM of ionic strength (27.5 g NaCl + 1.47 g CaCl2) and 0.2 g/L of polysaccharides were used in the fouling experiments conducted with a laboratory-scale reverse osmosis system. It was found that alginate lead to more reduction in system’s efficiency in comparison with pullulan. The effect of alginate on the efficiency of the system was much more severe in the presence of salt, namely sodium chloride and calcium chloride, compared to its individual effect in the absence of salt. The addition of salt led to an increase in membrane fouling and a decrease in system’s efficiency. On the other hand, it was found that pullulan enhanced the system’s efficiency when it is combined with salt. To support the above findings, a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) analysis, a Total Organic Carbon (TOC) test, and an estimation of the weight of produced fouling layers were performed. In general, analysing the results of the tests supported the findings.
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Tasso, Mariana Patricia. "Bioactive coatings to control marine biofouling." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25187.

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The colonization of immersed surfaces by a myriad of marine organisms is a complex, multi-stage, species-specific process giving rise to economic and environmental costs. This unwanted accumulation of organisms in the marine environment, called biofouling, has been attacked from different fronts, going from the ‘problem-elimination-as-problem-solving’ strategy (essentially through the use of biocides) to more elaborated and environmentally-friendly options based on the principle of ‘non-stick’ or ‘easy foul-release’ surfaces, which do not jeopardize marine life viability. Several marine organisms rely on proteinaceous adhesives to secure a holdfast to surfaces. Proteolytic enzymes have been demonstrated to be effective agents against settlement and settlement consolidation onto surfaces of marine bacteria, algae, and invertebrates, their proposed mode-of-action being the enzymatic degradation of the proteinaceous components of the adhesives. So far, however, the evidence remains inconclusive since most of the published investigations refer to commercial preparations where the enzyme is mixed with other components, like additives, which obviously act as additional experimental variables. This work aims at providing clear, conclusive evidence about the potential of serine proteases to target the adhesives produced by a group of model marine biofoulers. The strategy towards the goal consisted in the preparation and characterization of maleic anhydride copolymer nanocoatings modified by a surface-bound enzyme, Subtilisin A, the active constituent of the commercial preparations reported as effective against biofouling. The enzyme-containing maleic anhydride copolymer films were characterized (enzyme surface concentration, activity, stability, roughness and wettability) and thereafter tested in biological assays with three major biofoulers: spores of the green alga Ulva linza, cells of the pennate diatom Navicula perminuta, and cyprid larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. The purpose of the biological assays was to elucidate the efficacy of the immobilized catalyst to discourage settlement and/or to facilitate removal of these organisms from the bioactive layers. Results confirmed the initial hypotheses related to the enzymatic degradation of the biological adhesives: the immobilized protease was effective at reducing the adhesion strength of Ulva spores and Navicula diatoms in a manner that correlated with the enzyme activity and surface concentration, and deterred settlement of Balanus amphitrite barnacle cyprids even at the lowest surface activity tested. By facilitating the removal of biofilm-forming diatoms and of spores of the troublesome alga Ulva linza, as well as by interfering with the consolidation of adhesion of the calcareous Balanus amphitrite macrofouler, the enzyme-containing coatings here disclosed are considered to constitute an appealing and promising alternative to control marine biofouling without jeopardizing marine life.
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Ekblad, Tobias. "Hydrogel coatings for biomedical and biofouling applications." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Sensorvetenskap och Molekylfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54304.

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Many applications share a substantial and yet unmet need for prediction and control of interactions between surfaces and proteins or living cells. Examples are blood-contacting biomaterials, biosensors, and non-toxic anti-biofouling coatings for ship hulls. The main focus of this thesis work has been the synthesis, characterization and properties of a group of coatings, designed for such applications. Many types of substrates, particularly plastics, were coated directly with ultrathin, hydrophilic polymer coatings, using a newly developed polymerization method initiated by short-wavelength ultraviolet light. The thesis contains eight papers and an introduction aimed to provide a context for the research work. The common theme, discussed and analyzed throughout the work, has been the minimization of non-specific binding of proteins to surfaces, thereby limiting the risk of uncontrolled attachment of cells and higher organisms. This has mainly been accomplished through the incorporation of monomer units bearing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains in the coatings. Such PEG-containing “protein resistant” coatings have been used in this work as matrices for biosensor applications, as blood-contacting inert surfaces and as antibiofouling coatings for marine applications, with excellent results. The properties of the coatings, and their interactions with proteins and cells, have been thoroughly characterized using an array of techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance and neutron reflectometry. In addition, other routes to fabricate coatings with high protein resistance have also been utilized. For instance, the versatility of the fabrication method has enabled the design of gradients with varying electrostatic charge, affecting the protein adsorption and leading to protein resistance in areas where the charges are balanced. This thesis also describes a novel application of imaging surface plasmon resonance for the investigation of the surface exploration behavior of marine biofouling organisms, in particular barnacle larvae. This technique allows for real-time assessment of the rate of surface exploration and the deposition of protein-based adhesives onto surfaces, a process which was previously very difficult to investigate experimentally. In this thesis, the method was applied to several model surface chemistries, including the hydrogels described above. The new method promises to provide insights into the interactions between biofouling organisms and a surface during the critical stages prior to permanent settlement, hopefully facilitating the development of antibiofouling coatings for marine applications.
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Yeh, Po Ying. "MEMS-based anti-biofouling - mechanism, devices and application." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7528.

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A novel anti-biofouling mechanism based on the combined effects of electric field and shear stress was reported. The mechanism was observed in millimeter-scale piezoelectric plates coated with different metal materials and microfabricated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. Experimental observation on the quantities of protein desorption and theoretical calculations on surface interactions (van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrophobic, shear stress) have been carried out. This anti-fouling mechanism can also be activated by a vibrating micromachined Si/SiO₂ membrane. The combined effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) grafting and application of vibration on attenuation of protein adsorption was also investigated. Vibrating PEG-grafted surfaces significantly attenuate protein adsorption, especially at low PEG grafting densities. Polymer steric interaction dominates over vibration interaction with protein on surfaces with high PEG grafting densities. Monothiol-functionalized hyperbranched polyglycidols (HPG-SH) were synthesized and self-assembled on the gold surface. The characteristics of the polymer were studied and compared with linear PEG using various surface analysis techniques. This hyperbranched polyglycidol is more resistant to protein adsorption than is linear PEG of similar molecular weight. In addition, higher molecular weight HPG shows less protein adsorption than does lower molecular weight HPG. The hyperbranched polyglycidols (without a thiol group) were further modified to generate functionality for microchannel-based liquid chromatography applications. The microchannel surface was first amino modified by allylamine plasma, and amino groups then reacted with N-hydroxy succinimide-functionalized HPGs to form strong amide bonds. The grafted HPGs are resistant to nonspecific protein adsorption. The succinimidyl ester groups degrade in water to form carboxyl groups on HPGs. By giving extra carboxyl groups to each HPG, the HPG can selectively capture positive avidin from a mixture of avidin and bovine serum albumin (BSA). To increase the capture efficiency, the microchannel was integrated with micropillar arrays as the liquid chromatography column.
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Coward, Rebecca L. "Preventing marine biofouling : the fouling-release-coating approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419043.

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The unwanted build up of fouling organisms on immersed structures has been a problem that has been addressed over the years in many different ways, from tar and pitch on the hulls of vessels to various toxin based ablative coatings and most recently, foul-release coatings that present a non stick surface to which organisms can not adhere strongly. These foul-release coatings have been relatively successful and further investigation into the formulation of siloxane based coatings is a environmentally acceptable and commercially viable concept. The significance of the hydrophilicity of a range of cured siloxane polymers upon the attachment of marine fouling species is presented. The polymers were synthesised from polymethylhydrosiloxane (PDHS) with the grafting of hydrophilic ethoxy based, linear chains of various lengths. Following cross linking, films of these materials were characterised by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Infrared (lR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, topography, thermal analysis, sorption of water, force of adhesion and nano-indentation. The films were tested by bacterial growth and attachment studies, the growth and attachment of various algal propagules and also by static raft trials. Results suggest that there is a maximum hydrophilic content possible when investigating these coatings, due to the intake of water molecules, which causes swelling and subsequent degradation of the stability of the coating. The optimum hydrophilic content for achieving minimum adhesion of fouling organisms was unclear, however, trends in experimental data were identified. The bacterial attachment and growth studies conducted upon Fucus propagules indicated an increase in growth upon the PMHS polymers with the addition of3-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]ethoxy}- propene groups, while the Sargassum propagules illustrated a reduction in growth during the same conditions. Ulva and Enteromorpha propagules showed no visible trends in growth upon the coatings tested. The surface energy and adhesion results illustrate that the PDMS with 3-{2-[2- (2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-propene groups were the most adhesive of the coatings teste4 (14.9 oN in comparison to 3-9 oN) but possessed the lowest surface energy (22.46 mJ m2 ). In exposure trials over a 10 month period, the peroxide cured coatings out performed the other curing systems tested, however the colonisation of the range of polymers was inconclusive.
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Asapu, Sunitha. "An Investigation of Low Biofouling Copper-charged Membranes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1399633649.

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Zhang, Kai. "Understanding biofouling in membrane bioreactors treating synthetic paper wastewater." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1109079842.

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Books on the topic "Biofouling"

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Drr, Simone, and Jeremy C. Thomason, eds. Biofouling. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444315462.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell, 2010.

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1937-, Evans L. V., ed. Biofouling. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Dobretsov, Sergey, Jeremy C. Thomason, and David N. Williams, eds. Biofouling Methods. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.

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(Firm), Knovel, ed. Industrial biofouling. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2011.

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V, Evans L., Hoagland K. D, Phycological Society of America, and American Institute of Biological Sciences., eds. Algal biofouling. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt. Biofouling bei Membranprozessen. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79371-4.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt, P. Sriyutha Murthy, R. Venkatesan, and Keith Cooksey, eds. Marine and Industrial Biofouling. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69796-1.

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Book chapters on the topic "Biofouling"

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Flemming, H. C., and G. Schaule. "Biofouling." In Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials, 39–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80017-7_5.

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Nakamura, Kazuho. "Biofouling." In Encyclopedia of Biocolloid and Biointerface Science 2V Set, 118–21. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119075691.ch9.

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Dobretsov, Sergey, Raeid M. M. Abed, Koty Sharp, Omar Skalli, Lou G. Boykins, and Lewis Coons. "Microscopy of biofilms." In Biofouling Methods, 1–43. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch1.

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Callow, Maureen E., James A. Callow, Sheelagh Conlan, Anthony S. Clare, and Shane Stafslien. "Efficacy testing of nonbiocidal and fouling-release coatings." In Biofouling Methods, 291–316. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch10.

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Fopp-Spori, Doris M., and Pierre Martin-Tanchereau. "Contact angle measurements." In Biofouling Methods, 317–31. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch11.

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Bressy, Christine, Jean-François Briand, Chantal Compère, and Karine Réhel. "Efficacy testing of biocides and biocidal coatings." In Biofouling Methods, 332–45. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch12.

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Lindblat, Lena, Richie Ramsden, and Jennifer Longyear. "Commercialization." In Biofouling Methods, 346–65. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch13.

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Dahms, Hans-Uwe, and Sergey Dobretsov. "Traditional and bulk methods for biofilms." In Biofouling Methods, 44–57. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch2.

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Biggs, Tristan, Tom Vance, Glen Tarran, and Torben Lund Skovhus. "Biocide testing against microbes." In Biofouling Methods, 58–86. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch3.

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Ferrera, Isabel, Vanessa Balagué, Christian R. Voolstra, Manuel Aranda, Till Bayer, Raeid M. M. Abed, Sergey Dobretsov, et al. "Molecular methods for biofilms." In Biofouling Methods, 87–137. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Biofouling"

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Natsi, P. D., and P. G. Koutsoukos. "Calcium Carbonate Biofouling." In CORROSION 2019, 1–12. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-12930.

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Abstract Biofouling is the formation of composite deposits consisting of living organic matter and inorganic salts. So far there is little mechanistic information on biofouling. In this work, the role of the presence of microalgae on the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate from aqueous supersaturated solutions was investigated with free drift and constant supersaturation batch experiments, at 25°C. Living and dead microalgae colonies were used to inoculate aqueous solutions supersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate. The presence of algae accelerated the crystal growth of calcium carbonate while at the same time affected the nucleation process showing catalytic activity. Higher acceleration was found for higher microalgae populations. The extracellular components of the test microalgae are believed to play an important role on the nucleation and the subsequent rate of precipitation of calcite, which was the only polymorph found to grow on algae substrates. It is suggested that the polysaccharides present, exert a templating effect for the formation of the mineral phase on the organic matter.
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Griffin, R. B., L. R. Cornwell, W. Seitz, and E. Estes. "Localized Corrosion under Biofouling." In CORROSION 1988, 1–8. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88400.

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Abstract A 1019 steel, 6061-T6 aluminum and 304, 316, 430 and 446 stainless steels were immersed for three years in a seawater test site near Galveston, TX. Data will be reported for both uniform and pitting corrosion rates of these alloys. The sites where the localized corrosion was initiated, with respect to the biofouled surface, will be discussed. For all of the alloys discussed, with the exception of the steel, the majority of the pits were found in close proximity to the barnacle attachment sites.
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Flemming, H. C. "New Aspects in Membrane Biofouling." In CORROSION 2000, 1–8. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00307.

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Abstract Biofouling can be a limiting factor in the application of membranes in water treatment. Biofouling can be considered as excessive biofilm growth. This process starts with the adhesion of microorganisms wich happens immediately after contact of the raw water with the membrane. It can be assumed that virtually all membrane systems working with nonsterile water carry biofilms which influence the overall separation properties. Only if an individually given threshold of interference is met, "biofouling" occurs. A new anti-fouling strategy can be addressed as "biofilm management", limiting biofilm growth below that threshold. This can be performed by limitation of nutrients as nutrients must be regarded as potential biomass. Cleaning measures must address the binding forces which mediate cohesion and adhesion, basing on the additive effect of weak physico-chemical interactions and entanglement of macromolecules. Cleaning formulations should address all of theses forces.
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Farelas, Fernando, Rebecca Martin, Zak Bear, Charles Carfagna, and Benjamin Pinkston. "Novel Thin-Sol-Gel Coatings for Biofouling Prevention and Easy Removal." In CONFERENCE 2023, 1–10. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19037.

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Abstract Heat exchangers are widely used in Navy ships to cool operating fluids and seawater is the preferred cooling medium since it is readily available. However, biofouling will form while ocean water circulates through the heat exchanger tubes or plates, decreasing the heat transfer efficiency and increasing fluid resistance. Further fouling eventually results in more energy consumption and a decrease in heat exchanger service life. To solve the biofouling problem, we developed thin and durable sol-gel coatings that significantly decreased biofouling deposition and facilitated its removal. The developed coatings were applied to titanium substrates and immersed for 64 days at Pearl Harbor, HI. Biofouling formation was followed by taking high-resolution images to quantify the type and extent of biofouling formation. Biofouling adhesion was evaluated by water jet at different nozzle pressures. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the coatings was measured and used as an input parameter for thermal simulations to determine the effect of the coating thickness on the efficiency of a shell and tube heat exchanger.
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Klassen, R. D., P. R. Roberge, J. Porter, G. Pelletier, and B. Zwicker. "On-Board Hypochlorite Generation for Biofouling Control." In CORROSION 2001, 1–11. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01480.

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Abstract Biofouling within the cooling water systems of ships can be serious enough to cause immobilization. Marine growth on pipes also promotes crevice corrosion. In seawater, blue mussels are the predominate species that cause biofouling. A biofouling test system was constructed at the Dockyard Laboratory in Halifax, Nova Scotia by the Defense Research Establishment Atlantic. Seawater from the Halifax harbor continuously flowed through pipe networks that were designed to simulate the cooling water piping on a ship. Three commercial chemical injection systems were tested simultaneously, namely copper, iodine and hypochlorite. Personnel from the Bedford Institute of Oceanography assessed the biological effectiveness of each system by observing adult mussels one at a time in a beaker of treated water. These tests revealed a wide range of effectiveness between these chemicals in preventing mussel attachment. Each injection system was better than no treatment at all. As designed and operated, the copper and iodine release systems were only modestly effective whereas the hypochlorite system was completely effective in preventing mussel attachment. Observations of the piping after several months of flow-through operation were consistent with the biological tests with treated water. The process engineering for installing a hypochlorite system on a ship is described.
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Rusznak, Linda H., and Kevin W. Pidane. "Dynamic Simulation of Biofouling and Corrosion Recovery." In CORROSION 2001, 1–16. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01275.

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Abstract A laboratory recirculation test rig outfitted with corrosion coupons, linear polarization, annular heat transfer rods and a pressure drop tube were exposed to biological growth under simulated cooling water conditions. This experimental rig was designed to provide a means of quantifying the presence and intensity of biofilm in order to examine biofilm generation properties. The resulting biofilm was subjected to various biocide and dispersant treatments in order to evaluate heat transfer improvement and control of microbiological activity through monitoring planktonic and sessile bacteria levels. Verification of the accuracy of this monitoring system would prove useful in the laboratory to assess the potential of biofilm treatment strategies for field applications and for the control of microbially influenced corrosion.
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Lander, Karl. "Proactive Cleaning, Maintenance and Inspection of Vessel Hulls via Autonomous Robots." In CONFERENCE 2023, 1–8. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19315.

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Abstract Corrosion monitoring of submerged surfaces is a challenging task at best. Besides being underwater, these surfaces are often covered in biofouling, preventing simple visual inspection. The biofouling itself, and the removal of the biofouling can damage the protective coatings, increasing the risk of corrosion. This paper will explore how a small autonomous robot can be used to proactively remove early-stage biofouling from a surface, ensuring the coating system remains intact, while simultaneously providing valuable visual inspection data. The paper will include results from the proactive cleaning of multiple vessels, as well as the long-term cleaning of test fixtures in high fouling pressure environments, as well as discuss the multiple benefits of maintaining a clean surface across different applications. Further, the paper will provide an overview of the technology enabling the autonomous capabilities as well as introduce potential future avenues for expansion of the technology throughout the subsea market.
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Drach, Andrew, Igor Tsukrov, Judson DeCew, Uwe Hofmann, Jochen Aufrecht, and Adolf Grohbauer. "Corrosion and Biofouling Performance of Copper Alloys Investigated in the North Atlantic Ocean." In CORROSION 2013, 1–9. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02770.

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Abstract A field testing of corrosion and biofouling behavior of eight copper alloys was carried out at the Portsmouth Harbor, USA (North Atlantic Ocean). The plate specimens of the alloys were submerged for one year to investigate the effect of seawater exposure on corrosion and accumulation of biofouling. The specimens were divided into two sets to evaluate the effect of intermittent corrosion layer removal (three-month periods) vs. continuous exposure with undisrupted surface layer. Corrosion behavior was characterized as uniform corrosion rates through weight measurements, and as localized corrosion attack through analysis of cross-sections. Biofouling behavior was quantified in terms of the biomass accumulation. It was found that the corrosion rates of the specimens with intermittent removal of corrosion layer were approximately 2.4 times higher than those with intact surface. The biofouling resistance of eight alloys was found to be excellent: less than 0.5% of weight increase over the whole exposure period. However, one of the alloys demonstrated poor resistance (40% increase in weight).
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Little, Brenda J., and Patricia A. Wagner. "The Interrelationship between Marine Biofouling and Cathodic Protection." In CORROSION 1993, 1–7. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93525.

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Abstract Microorganisms colonize and form a gelatinous biofilm on all engineering materials exposed in natural marine environments, including cathodically protected surfaces. The impact of cathodic protection potentials on the chemical/biological composition of the biofilm and the impact of the biofilms on potentials required for cathodic protection have been the subject of numerous recent investigations. Literature on these subjects will be reviewed with emphasis on clarifying interactions between living and non-living deposits on cathodically protected metal surfaces.
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Nagai, N., A. Morita, K. Tsunoda, and K. Emori. "New Biofouling Control Program for Open Recirculating Cooling Water System with Refrigerator/Chiller to Reduce Operating and Maintenance Costs of the System." In CORROSION 2013, 1–12. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02588.

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Abstract Various biofouling control chemicals have been commonly applied to open recirculating cooling water systems with refrigerators and/or chillers at industrial factories and buildings to keep system performance at higher level and to reduce the risk of waterborne deceases such as Legionnaire’s disease. The biofouling control chemicals can be classified to two types of oxidizing and non-oxidizing, but deterioration of chemicals’ performance can’t be evitable due to active ingredients’ decomposition and/or adsorption to other substances. New biofouling control program has been developed which consists of three technologies, the advanced stabilized oxidizing biocide, regeneration of active ingredients, and efficiency monitoring for refrigerator/chiller. Because the new program has the superior performance to suppress the biofouling in the whole system including refrigerator, chiller, recirculating lines and cooling tower, the increase of electricity consumption can be depressed and the time interval of system cleaning can be prolonged. Field applications show the improvement of energy efficiency of the refrigerators/chillers up to 10% compared to the previous chemicals treatments. One case at an electric industry factory shows 9% of energy efficiency improvement that can be estimated to the decrease of CO2 emission of 1,900 t.
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Reports on the topic "Biofouling"

1

Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7279109.

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Stamper, David, Michael Montgomery, and Robert Morris. Biofouling of Several Marine Diesel Fuels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada546379.

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Siler, J. L. Remediating biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172329.

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Panchal, C. B., P. K. Takahashi, and W. Avery. Biofouling control using ultrasonic and ultraviolet treatments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/453434.

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Fallis, Kathleen, Katherine Harper, and Rich Ford. Control of Biofouling using Biodegradable Natural Products. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603755.

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Brigmon, R. L., H. W. Martin, and H. C. Aldrich. Biofouling of groundwater distribution systems by Thiothrix spp. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/148694.

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Mackie, Gerry L., Philip Lowery, and Clint Cooper. Plasma Pulse Technology to Control Zebra Mussel Biofouling. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391721.

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Kohli, Nikita. Biofouling and Design of a Biomimetic Hull-Grooming Tool. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada486762.

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Smit, John. Characterization of Biofouling Marine Caulobacters and Their Adhesive Holdfast. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada197211.

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Hibbs, Michael R., Susan Jeanne Altman, Yanshu Feng, Paul B. Savage, Jacob Pollard, Steven S. Branda, Darla Goeres, et al. Linking ceragenins to water-treatment membranes to minimize biofouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034896.

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