Dissertations / Theses: 'Biofilms – Research'

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Crawford, Robert William. "Chronic Carriage of Salmonella: Biofilms and Gallstones." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243956689.

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Kurth, Jonah C. "Mitigating biofilm growth through the modification of concrete design and practice." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22694.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Kurtis, Kimberly; Committee Member: Kahn, Lawrence; Committee Member: Sobecky, Patricia.

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Menicucci, Joseph Anthony Jr. "Algal biofilms, microbial fuel cells, and implementation of state-of-the-art research into chemical and biological engineering laboratories." Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/menicucci/MenicucciJ0510.pdf.

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Alternative energy technologies become more attractive as the price of energy from fossil fuels becomes more expensive and the environmental concerns from their use mount. While a number of biological alternative energy technologies currently exist, a complete understanding of these technologies has yet to be developed. This dissertation characterizes an aspect of biological alternative energy technologies: the production of algal biofuels and energy conversion in microbial fuel cells. Specifically, this dissertation addresses the characterization of microalgae as a biofilm and the characterization of the power limitations of microbial fuel cells. The attachment and detachment of algae were observed using temporal microscopic imaging in a flow-cell with autofluorescence and staining techniques as part of a collaborative Montana State University and Idaho National Laboratory project. Colonies of algae exhibit many characteristics seen in bacterial biofilms: adherence; detachment and sloughing; difference in structure of an attached colony; varying strength of attachment on different surfaces; association of other organisms in an EPS matrix; and the heterogeneous nature of attached colonies. The characterization of a microbial fuel cell was completed in less than 30 minutes using an empirical procedure to predict the maximum sustainable power that can be generated by a microbial fuel cell over a short period of time. In this procedure, the external resistance was changed incrementally, in steps of 500 ohms every 60 seconds, and the anode potential, the cathode potential, and the cell current were measured. This procedure highlights the inherent limitations of energy conversion in a microbial fuel cell. A voltage/current characterization of the microbial fuel was also completed from the data collected. This dissertation also includes the evaluation of A Hands-On Introduction to Microbial Fuel Cells, a laboratory developed for an introductory chemical and biological engineering course. The experiment has been updated to include a voltage/current characterization of the microbial fuel cell. Learning objectives have been identified and pre- and post-laboratory activities have been developed for further implementation into a chemical and biological engineering curriculum.

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Mathias, Elizabeth. "Exopolysaccharides of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Matrix." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1400069245.

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ALBOSLEMY, TALIB. "Kruppel-like factor 2: A regulator of macrophage-mediated innate immune response against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1523544938448141.

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Peng, Chao. "Cationic Polyurethanes for Antimicrobial Applications." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542383983590224.

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Gupta, Tripti Thapa. "Characterization and Optimization of Non-thermal Plasma for Biofilm Sterilization." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo152547566313079.

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Almutairi, Layla Awad. "Effects of Mild Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia on the Susceptibility of Biofilm Infections to Antibiotics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1586725182180555.

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Grose, William E. "Characterization of a genetic locus in Burkholderia pseudomallei encoding a putative biofilm-associated protein." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1301585276.

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Robison, Pamula J. "Mathematical Modelling of Biofilm Growth and Decay Through Various Deliveries of Antimicrobial." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1258769688.

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Pestrak, Matthew James Pestrak. "Investigation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm exopolysaccharide Psl and its role during infection." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543240479329587.

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Le, Thi Nhi Cong, Thi Ngoc Mai Cung, Thi Thanh Vu, Ngoc Minh Nghiem, Phuong Ha Hoang, Thi Lien Do, and Thi To Uyen Do. "Pyrene degradation of biofilm-forming Paracoccus sp. DG25 isolated from oil polluted samples collected in petroleum storage Duc Giang, Hanoi: Research article." Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29093.

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In this study, a well biofilm-forming bacterial strain was isolated from oil contaminated water and sediment samples collected in petroleum storage Duc Giang, Hanoi. It was identified as Paracoccus sp. DG25 and registered in the GenBank database with the accession numbers KJ608354. Several biophysical and bio-chemical conditions for the biofilm formation of the strain were estimated such as pH, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources. As the results the biofilm forming capacity was highest at pH 7, 37 oC, on maltose and supplemented with KNO3. Using these optimal conditions, the formed biofilm degraded 76.07 % of pyrene after 7 day-incubation, with the initial concentration of 300 ppm by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. To our knowledge, there is rare publication on pyrene degradation by biofilm-forming bacteria. Therefore, the obtained results show that biofilm formed the strain Paracoccus sp. DG25 may considerably increase the degrading efficiency of pyrene and may lead to a new approach to treat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing in petroleum oil contaminated water in Vietnam.
Trong nghiên cứu này, từ các mẫu đất và nước nhiễm dầu lấy tại kho xăng Đức Giang, Hà Nội, chúng tôi đã phân lập được chủng vi khuẩn có khả năng tạo màng sinh học tốt. Chủng vi khuẩn này đã được phân loại và định tên là Paracoccus sp. DG25 với số đăng ký trên ngân hàng Gen là KJ608354. Chúng tôi cũng đã nghiên cứu một số điều kiện hóa lý ảnh hưởng tới khả năng hình thành màng sinh học như pH, nhiệt độ, nguồn Carbon và nguồn Nitơ. Kết quả cho thấy, chủng DG25 có khả năng tạo màng tốt nhất ở các điều kiện pH 7, 37 oC, nguồn Carbon là maltose và nguồn Nitơ là KNO3. Sử dụng các điều kiện tối ưu này để tạo màng và đánh giá khả năng phân hủy pyrene của màng tạo thành. Bằng phương pháp sắc ký lỏng cao áp, chúng tôi đã đánh giá được hàm lượng pyrene bị phân hủy sau 7 ngày nuôi tĩnh bởi màng sinh học của chủng DG25 lên tới 76,07 % với nồng độ ban đầu là 300 ppm. Cho tới nay, chưa có nhiều công bố về hiệu quả phân hủy pyrene của các chủng vi khuẩn tạo màng sinh học. Do vậy, kết quả đạt được này mở ra khả năng sử dụng màng tạo thành bởi chủng DG25 để nâng cao hiệu quả phân hủy pyren và có thể mở ra phương pháp mới nhằm xử lý các hợp chất hydrocarbon thơm có trong nước ô nhiễm dầu ở Việt Nam.

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Rogers, Tara Marie. "Investigation of Alpha-Toxin Secretions in Biofilm Conditioned Medium as a Potential Pro-Inflammatory Disruptor to Macrophages." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1557145132511741.

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Borglin, Matthew R. "Analysis of Biofilm Remediation Capacity For Octenyl Succinic Anhydride (OSA), A Bioactive Food Starch Modifier Compound." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2168.

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Matthew R. Borglin This thesis demonstrates efficacy of Octenyl Succinic Anhydride (OSA), as a biofilm sanitizer. Biofilms allow bacteria to adhere to solid surfaces with the use of excreted polymeric compounds. For example, surfaces found in food production or processing facilities such as the interior of a raw milk holding tank, are some of the most susceptible to biofilm contamination. When present, biofilms can cause a variety of negative effects, which include; reduction of product shelf life, corrosion, and outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. The close association of biofilms with the majority of foodborne illness cases led the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to create a new category of sanitizer specifically designed for treatment of mature biofilms. The efficacy of sanitizers in this new regulatory category is determined by the EPA protocols MB-19 and MB-20. The EPA’s protocols outline methods for cultivating, treating, and measuring effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in a continuous flow stir bar bioreactor. Biofilm modification by OSA was verified by the presence of octenyl esters on OSA treated biofilms with single point Raman spectrophotometry. OSA modified biofilm’s antimicrobial properties were first investigated with crystal violet staining in 96-well microtiter plates with inconclusive results. However, effective antimicrobial properties where apparent when using the CDC Biofilm Reactor. OSA treatments consistently returned a 6-log CFU/coupon reduction in biomass compared to controls. Inhibition of planktonic and/or biofilm regrowth was demonstrated using the 96-well plate methodology. This thesis demonstrated the effectiveness of OSA chemical esterification reaction as a biofilm treatment. In doing so, this work suggests a new approach for biofilm remediation by chemically modifying the structural components of biofilm.

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Marshall, Joanna M. "The O-Antigen Capsule of Salmonella Typhimurium in Acute and Chronic Infection." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385998769.

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Md, Zain Siti Norbaizura Binti. "Biofilm formation of Enterobacter sakazakii on three different materials of infant feeding tube : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Microbiology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1012.

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The aim of this study was to observe biofilm formation by Enterobacter sakazakii (E. Sakazakii) from different clinical, dairy and environmental origins on three infant feeding tubes made of different materials. Infant formula milk was selected as the medium for E. sakazakii growth. Seventeen isolates from different origins were retrieved and tested for purity, using a plating method and biochemical tests to eliminate the non E. sakazakii strains from this study. A method to rapidly and accurately detect viable cells of E. sakazakii on infant feeding tube surfaces using of the BacTrac® 4000 microbiological growth analyser was developed. The sources of errors such as from cleaning, operation and handling procedures were assessed prior to experimental runs. The strength of biofilm formation by different isolates of E. sakazakii on plastic surfaces was scrutinised using a microtiter plate assay. The results from the microtitre plate assay were based on the absorbance at 550 nm of crystal violet stained films and showed that all the clinical isolates were able to attach and form strong biofilms on the plate. Some environmental isolates formed strong or weak biofilms and some did not produce biofilm at all. However, dairy isolates formed both strong and weak biofilms in the microtitre plate when incubated in 10% reconstituted infant formula milk. The further studies were to quantify biofilm formation by three isolates of different origin on three different materials of infant feeding tubes using a batch system. Tubing pieces were incubated with infant formula milk inoculated with E. sakazakii cells at approximately 8 log CFU mL-1 and the biofilm formation was assessed at three time intervals: 4, 12 and 24 hours. Biofilm formation on the tubing by clinical isolates was also observed using epifluorescence microscopy and the scanning electron microscope. E. sakazakii from clinical, dairy and environmental isolates were able to form biofilm on three different materials of infant feeding tubes. The results showed that the initial attachment at 4 h on silicone tubing was low compared with the other two tubes. The scanning electron micrographs showed the surface characteristics of each tubing and the biofilm formation by E. sakazakii clinical isolates after 4, 12 and 24 hours. Silicone tubing appeared to be the best choice for premature babies that need feeding using feeding tubes, as it was slow to become colonised compared with the PVC and polyurethane tubing.

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Menicucci, Joseph Anthony. "Algal biofilms, microbial fuel cells, and implementation of state-of-the-art research into chemical and biological engineering laboratories." 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/menicucci/MenicucciJ0510.pdf.

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Suknaic, Stephen R. "Investigation of the potential bacterial proteasome homologue Anbu." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5022.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Anbu is a bacterial protein with significant homology to the sub-units of the 20S proteasome and is predicted to be a novel bacterial proteasome. The goal of this project was to determine if the recombinant Anbu protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a proteasome. Anbu from P. aeruginosa was successfully cloned, expressed and purified. In order to determine the catalytic activity of Anbu, the purified protein was tested with a variety of substrates and conditions. The targets analyzed included fluorescently-labeled substrates, denatured proteins, diubiquitin, and a peptide library in the hopes of obtaining a useful model substrate. Experiments were also conducted to determine what role Anbu has in the cell. Western analysis was performed on the cell lysate of wild type P. aeruginosa and insertional mutants to detect Anbu expression. The level of biofilm formation was compared between the wild type and mutants. Cultures were grown under stress conditions including the oxidative stress of diamide and the nitrosative stress of S-nitrosoglutathione. Growth rates were monitored in an attempt to detect a phenotypic difference between the wild type and the mutants lacking Anbu, HslV, and the other proteins of interest. While a substrate for Anbu has yet to be found, this protein was found to assemble into a larger structure and P. aeruginosa lacking Anbu was sensitive to the oxidative stress of diamide and the nitrosative stress of S-nitrosoglutathione.

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Akhand, Saeed Salehin. "Role of a putative bacterial lipoprotein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-mediated cytotoxicity toward airway cells." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5629.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
The patients with Cystic fibrosis (CF), an inherent genetic disorder, suffer from chronic bacterial infection in the lung. In CF, modification of epithelial cells leads to alteration of the lung environment, such as inhibition of ciliary bacterial clearance and accumulation of thickened mucus in the airways. Exploiting these conditions, opportunistic pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause lifelong persistent infection in the CF lung by forming into antibiotic-resistant aggregated communities called biofilms. Airway infections as well as inflammation are the two major presentations of CF lung disease. P. aeruginosa strains isolated from CF lungs often contain mutations in the mucA gene, and this mutation results in higher level expression of bacterial polysaccharides and toxic lipoproteins. In a previous work, we have found a putative lipoprotein gene (PA4326) which is overexpressed in antibiotic-induced biofilm formed on cultured CF-derived airway cells. In the current work, we speculated that this particular putative lipoprotein affects cellular cytotoxicity and immune-stimulation in the epithelial cells. We found that mutation of this gene (ΔPA4326) results in reduced airway cell killing without affecting other common virulence factors.Moreover, we observed that this gene was able to stimulate secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 from host cells. Interestingly, we also found that ΔPA4326 mutant strains produced less pyocyanin exotoxin compared to the wild type. Furthermore, our results suggest that PA4326 regulates expression of the pyocyanin biosynthesis gene phzM, leading to the reduced pyocyanin phenotype. Overall, these findings implicate PA4326 as a virulence factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the future, understating the molecular interplay between the epithelial cells and putative lipoproteins like PA4326 may lead to development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies that would lessen the suffering of CF patients.

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Palmer, Jon Stuart. "Surface characteristics of an adhesive thermophilic spore-forming Bacillus, isolated from milk powder : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1384.

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The growth of thermophiles during the manufacture of milk powder leads to a progressive increase in the number of thermophilic bacteria contaminating the final product. The limited residence time of the milk in the plant during milk powder manufacture and the concentration effect of converting milk into milk powder cannot explain the number of thermophiles found in the final product. This suggests that thermophiles are attaching to the large surface area of stainless steel found within a milk powder plant and then growing and developing into biofilms, with individual cells and/or biofilm fragments sloughing off into the product line and thus contaminating the final product. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attachment mechanisms that enable the thermophile Anoxybacillus flavithermus (B 1 2) to attach to stainless steel surfaces. Passing a B 1 2 culture through a column of stainless steel chips, collecting the first cells to pass through, re-culturing and repeating the process six times, resulted in the isolation of a mutant, labelled X7, with lO-fold reduced ability to attach to stainless steel as well as a reduced ability to attach to plastic and glass. A comparison of bacterial cell surface properties indicated that X7 was less hydrophobic than its parental strain B 1 2 . Cell surface charge measurements also suggest that X7 has less net negative surface charge. Disruption of extracellular polysaccharides and DNA appeared to have no effect on the attachment process. Removal of surface proteins caused a reduction in attachment of B 1 2 and X7 as well as a reduction in surface hydrophobicity suggesting surface protein involvement in both. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of lysozyme/mutanolysin extracted surface proteins revealed two proteins expressed at reduced levels in X 7 compared with B 1 2 . One protein was identified by mass spectrometry as the cytoplasmic enzyme Formate acetyltransferase. The role of Formate acetyltransferase and the second unidentified protein on the attachment process of Anoxybacillus flavithermus remains unclear.

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Tek, Ee Lin. "Phenotypic investigation of biofilm formation and transcriptional analysis of invasive growth of commercial wine Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113361.

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This study investigated the morphological properties, environmental effects on and gene expression of biofilms, more specifically referred to as mats, formed by laboratory and commercial wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two morphological assays were conducted: mat formation and plastic adhesion. Mat features varied between strains and included various architectures, cellular morphologies, and incidence of invasive growth. One commercial strain, L2056, formed mats where a sector produced a distinctive mat morphology, which was retained when subcultured. In considering the role of biofilms in winery conditions, mat formation assays were also performed with grape pulp and adhesion to the soft plastic of common winery hoses. All strains grew invasively on all agar media and appeared to conduct fermentation on the grape-pulp mat assay. Some strains also had the ability to adhere to winery hose plastic. When only limited nitrogen was available, both laboratory and commercial wine strains formed mats with a subpopulation of cells that switched to filamentous and invasive growth. Such invasive growth was influenced by nitrogen concentration, the presence of a neighbouring mat, and by the addition of yeast metabolites. Ethanol and hydrogen sulfide were found to enhance invasive growth of cells within mats exposed to low levels of nitrogen whereas tryptophol and 2-phenylethanol suppressed this enhancement. Sulfite was found to delay overall mat growth. In an effort to understand the cellular decision to switch morphology, changes in the transcriptome of invasively growing cells were studied. In this analysis, 272 genes were identified to be upregulated and 84 genes were downregulated in invasively growing cells. Of the ten largest differentially expressed genes, four were genes encoding hexose transporters (HXT3, HXT4, HXT6 and HXT7) which had an increase in transcript abundance up to 13-fold. One hypothetical gene (AWRI796_5153) with a 6-fold increase in transcript abundance, has translation sequence homologous to an amidase domain. Following differential expression and Gene Ontology analysis, five GO categories represented the 37 significantly enriched GO terms in the upregulated gene set of invasively growing cells, these being glucose import, carbohydrate metabolic process, fungal-type cell wall organisation, medium-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process and cellular water homeostasis. Since cellular water homeostasis has not previously been associated with invasive growth, and four out of five genes in this group were found to be significantly upregulated in the invasively growing cells, further analysis of deletion mutants of each of these confirmed that FPS1, encoding the glycerol export protein, is required for invasive growth of yeast mats in low nitrogen conditions. In summary, this work reports the phenotypic properties of commercial wine yeast biofilms in environments of both rich nutrient and low nitrogen, either in typical laboratory type agar media or in conditions simulating that of a grape or wine hose. The ability of these yeasts to form complex morphologies, grow invasively into grape solids and attach to winery hose plastic may confer their residency and survival in the vineyard and winery. The influence of different yeast metabolites and transcriptional changes in invasively growing cells provide further understanding of this morphogenetic program.
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2017.

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Teh, Koon Hoong. "Biofilm formation by Campylobacter jejuni in controlled mixed-microbial populations : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/782.

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Poultry meat consumption in New Zealand has been increasing since 1975 with the highest peak reported in 2006. The total poultry meat consumption was 36.5 kg per capita in the year ending September 2006. Consumption of contaminated food with raw poultry can lead to campylobacteriosis, which is a food-borne disease that causes gastroenteritis in humans and it is a major problem in New Zealand. There were 12,776 reported cases of campylobacteriosis in 2007, which accounts for 65.9% of the overall notified diseases. Campylobacteriosis can lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome in some patients, an autoimmune disorder of the peripheral nervous system. Campylobacteriosis is caused by consumption of either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. Campylobacter spp. have been found in commercially raised poultry being infected predominantly by C. jejuni. C. jejuni has been found associated with biofilms of other bacterial species in the watering supplies and plumbing systems of animal husbandry facilities and animalprocessing plants. A biofilm is an assemblage of microbial cells that is associated with a surface and the cells are enclosed in a matrix of polysaccharides, which provides a survival advantage to the bacteria in the film. In this study, the ability to form biofilm was measured in a laboratory assay using microtitre plates. C. jejuni strains in monoculture were shown to attach to the abiotic surface and form biofilms to various degrees, thus potentially enhancing their survivability in the poultry environment. C. jejuni was also shown to have the ability to attach and survive in mixed-microbial populations. Biofilm formation may play a role in the epidemiology of C. jejuni infections. Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus simulans may play a role in the biofilm formation in the poultry environment as both of these microorganisms were able to form, and harbour C. jejuni in their biofilms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa seemed to inhibit biofilm formation and C. jejuni in the mixed-microbial population. Further studies are required to establish control measures against the formation of biofilms containing C. jejuni in poultry processing plants and farms in New Zealand to reduce the reservoir of contamination and thus reduce the incidence of campylobacteriosis.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biofilms – Research'

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