Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Biofilms marins'
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Passarelli, Claire. "Composition, rôles et devenir des exopolymères dans les biofilms des sédiments marins côtiers." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0012.
Full textCarriot, Nathan. "Caractérisation de la production métabolique de biofilms marins. : Vers une application à l'étude de biofilms complexes in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0001.
Full textThe phenomenon of biofouling is a natural process that impacts all the surfaces submerged in the marine environment, generating major economic and ecological problems on a global scale. It is induced by the formation of marine biofilms corresponding to the colonization of submerged surfaces by bacteria organizing in communities by surrounding themselves with a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The objective of this work is the use and development of methodologies to study and understand the precursor stage of this phenomenon. The correlation of the data collected from the applied methods (metabolomics and molecular network, proteomics, colorimetric assays, microscopies, spectroscopy) allows a multi-scale approach for the characterization of biofilms. These developments aim, first of all, to characterize the overall biochemical production of in vitro biofilms and then analyse natural biofilms formed in situ. The use of this wide range of techniques has made it possible to answer certain scientific questions such as the impact of nutrients (phosphates), an enzyme (quorum sensing) or hydrodynamics on the nature of formed biofilms
Dheilly, Alexandra. "Biofilms bactériens marins multi-espèces : mise en évidence d'un effet antagoniste." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS091.
Full textMarine fouling or biofouling leads to ecologic damages and economic losses. One of the earliest stages of biofouling is the formation of a bacterial biofilm, consisting of an assemblage of irreversibly adhered microbial cells on a surface, and enclosed in a hydrated matrix of extra-cellular polymeric substances. Many works currently aim at studying biofilm development in order to control, prevent or limit their formation. In this work, we investigated the in vitro development of multi-species biofilms of marine bacteria in a dynamic system, and the relationship between biofilm formation and phenotypic properties of each bacterial strain used. Biofilm formation was analysed at two levels: cell adhesion and biofilm growth. Study of mono-species biofilms suggested that motility and exopolymer production by bacteria induce thick biofilms contains microcolonies. However, our results did not allow to establish a link between biofilm structure and ability of the bacteria to produce or not communication molecules such as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone or furanosyl borate diester. Mixed biofilms were produced from three strain couples, all of them including Pseudoalteromonas 3J6. The results show that in Pseudoalteromonas-Bacillus biofilms, Bacillus 4J6 cells were located in between Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 microcolonies (Bacillus 4J6: 38 %, Pseudoalteromonas 3J6: 62 %). By contrast, development of Vibrio D01 and Paracoccus 4M6 strains was strongly impaired in Pseudoalteromonas-containing biofilms (Pseudoalteromonas 3J6: 90/95 %). Theses results revealed an inhibitory effect of Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 towards Vibrio D01 and Paracoccus 4M6 strains. The inhibition mechanism of Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 was then studied on planktonic and sessile cells. The results suggest a biofilm-specific effect relying on extracellular compounds produced by this bacterium. Also, we observed that theses compounds are probably of proteic nature and that they affect the first step of biofilm formation by impairing the cell adhesion onto the surface. Finally, there was a similarity between effects of Pseudoalteromonas 3J6 exoproducts and commercials biocides, which are used in antifouling paints. Indeed, addition of biocides led to diminution of cell adhesion power and inhibition of biofilm growth. Besides, biocides increased mortality inside biofilms
Favre, Laurie. "Caractérisation par analyse métabolomique de biomarqueurs bactériens au sein de biofilms marins." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0005/document.
Full textIn the marine environment, any immersed surface is subjected to colonization by many organisms (biofouling). The biofilms development is a key stage of this phenomenon. Communication systems are controlled in these structures by chemical signals. In this work, the study of the chemical signature of natural biofilms formed in situ was carried out among a gradient of contamination of metal contaminants in the bay of Toulon and according to the nature of the coating on the immersed surface. Clear chemical variations of the biofilms collected were observed and were correlated with variations in microbial community. The in vitro study of 4 bacterial strains harvested from natural biofilms allowed, after optimization of the analysis methodologies, their discrimination according to their metabolic profile. Biomarkers were highlited, particularly ornithine lipids production by the Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain. The biological response of this strain depending on its phenotype and face to copper stres was studied by metabolomics and proteomics revealing important modulations of certain biosynthetic patways
Favre, Laurie. "Caractérisation par analyse métabolomique de biomarqueurs bactériens au sein de biofilms marins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0005.
Full textIn the marine environment, any immersed surface is subjected to colonization by many organisms (biofouling). The biofilms development is a key stage of this phenomenon. Communication systems are controlled in these structures by chemical signals. In this work, the study of the chemical signature of natural biofilms formed in situ was carried out among a gradient of contamination of metal contaminants in the bay of Toulon and according to the nature of the coating on the immersed surface. Clear chemical variations of the biofilms collected were observed and were correlated with variations in microbial community. The in vitro study of 4 bacterial strains harvested from natural biofilms allowed, after optimization of the analysis methodologies, their discrimination according to their metabolic profile. Biomarkers were highlited, particularly ornithine lipids production by the Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica strain. The biological response of this strain depending on its phenotype and face to copper stres was studied by metabolomics and proteomics revealing important modulations of certain biosynthetic patways
Doiron, Kim. "Approches dynamiques et fondamentales de la formation des biofilms marins mono et multi espèces." Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS234.
Full textBiofilms are found in many environments where they are represented by one or more species. To better understand the formation of marine biofilms four study models were selected: the bacterium Pseudoalteromonas 3J6, diatoms Amphora coffeaeformis and Cylindrotheca closterium, the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima. Biofilms were grown in a bioreactor containing 2 L of artificial sea water for 22 days. Analysis by MFC, GC, FTIR, MALDI-TOF, CLSM, SEM AND LC-SM/SM were performed to interpret the biofilms. The results demonstrate a release of extracellular polymeric substances differently depending on the nature of microorganisms and the number of species present in biofilm. CLSM imqges show a distinct cellular arrangement between the ecological niche occupied by bacteria those from microalgae. The species P. 3J6 and A. Coffeaeformis occupy the same space, leading to competition for nutrient resources. Conversely, cooperation is observed for the species P. 3J6 and C. Closterium. Thus, okadaic acid production by P. Lima does not seem to be affected by the presence of P. 3J6 and decrease adherence of P. Lima in contact P. 3J6 seems favored. Thus, biofilms are not formed in identical among species and their relative contribution varies according to their degree of occupancy on the supports. These new experimental approaches may find application in large areas such as aquaculture, human health, food, but also in research and in the structuring of biofilms
Abi, Nassif Léa. "Elaboration et caractérisation de biomatériaux antimicrobiens à base d'alginate pour des applications dans les domaines médicaux et marins." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0007/document.
Full textBiofouling is a phenomenon that affects every surface that is immersed in an aquatic medium covering it by a biofilm either in the medical or marine field. In order to prevent this phenomenon, in this work, biosourced alginate materials were elaborated. For applications in the medical field, hydrogel films of smooth or porous surface and films coating stainless steel by electrophoresis were elaborated. The presence of copper and zinc in their ionic form Cu2+ and Zn2+ was demonstrated.All the copper and zinc based films showed antibacterial properties on pathogenic bacterial strains.Alginate hydrogels in bulk based on calcium, copper and zinc were also elaborated for applications in the marine field. Stability of the different materials was studied in different mediums and at different temperatures. The antimicrobial property of these hydrogels based on copper and zinc was demonstrated on two microalgae stains as well as on four marine bacteria strains with no sign of toxicity. Finally, the delay in the formation of biofilms on stainless steel surfaces was studied by the OCP method in the presence of zinc based materials
Dussud, Claire. "Caractérisation des communautés microbiennes associées à la colonisation des déchets plastiques en mer." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066254/document.
Full textThe increasing awareness on the impact of plastic pollution within the marine environment has stimulated countless of scientific studies. For the past decade, researchers have quantified plastic waste and assessed its fate at sea. It is estimated that more than 5.25 billion plastic particles float within the world’s oceans today. This PhD work is a result in part of this major environmental concern. It brings with it new knowledge about the marine bacterial communities that develop on plastic debris, also termed as the "plastisphere". The analysis of samples taken from the Tara-Mediterranean expedition allowed us, for the first time, to characterize, and quantify communities specific towards plastic biofilms in comparison to the communities attached to organic matter in surrounding seawater. Bacterial colonization and its evolution on different types of polymers was studied using microcosm experiments with open seawater circulation. The unusual coupling of biological and physicochemical data of plastic surfaces revealed a greater bacterial development on "biodegradable" polymers compared to conventional polymer types (especially hydrocarbonoclastic species). We showed that the composition of the polymer, together with its hydrophobicity and roughness, influences the diversity of bacterial communities during the early colonization steps. Finally, a greater bacterial biofilm activity (e.g. heterotrophic productions) was observed on polymer surfaces compared to seawater. Once again, differences according to plastic types have been observed. This present work highlights the existence of a new ecological niche on plastics that are distinct from the surrounding seawater
Viano, Yannick. "Recherche de molécules non-toxiques actives en antifouling à partir d'organismes marins de Méditerranée." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595753.
Full textViano, Yannick. "Recherche de molécules non-toxiques actives en antifouling à partir d'organismes marins de Méditerranée." Toulon, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00595753/fr/.
Full textLess than 10% of all natural products allready described in literature have a marine origin. However, these metabolites are often very specific due to the physicochemical and ecological properties of a such environment. In an ecological point of view, marine secondary metabolites are knowmn to be implicate in the defense against competitors. Thus, these compounds could be considered as potential alternatives to tributyltin derivatives (TBTO) outlawed in 2008 in antifouling coatings due to their high toxicity against non-targeted organisms. In this contexte, the phytochemical investigation of green (Caulerpa taxifolia) and brown algae (Dictyota sp. , D. Dichotoma, Cystoseira foeniculacea) was performed in partnership with the National Park of Port-Cros. This work led to the isolation of 23 metabolites (terpenes, sterols and lipids), from which 8 were found to be new.
Doghri, Ibtissem. "Interactions moléculaires entre microorganismes au sein de biofilms en milieu marin : mise en évidence de biomolécules antibiofilm." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS016/document.
Full textIn the marine environment, solid surface colonization by microorganisms is progressive and follows a taxonomic and/or functional logic. Biofilms formed are multi-cellular systems surrounded by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The objective of this work was to understand how microbial actors (bacteria and diatoms) interact in two types of marine biofilms (benthic biofilm and biofilm on metallic structures of a harbor). In this study, bacterial models isolated from these biofilms have been identified and characterized. In a first part, their ability to form stable biofilms was evaluated under various conditions. Four strains were selected: Flavobacterium sp. II2003, Roseobacter sp. IV3009, Roseovarius sp. VA014 and Shewanella sp. IV3014. In a second part, the effects of secretomes of the marine bacteria from the same habitat were evaluated on these models. Two strains are distinguished by their ability to produce molecules negatively influencing biofilm formation: Pseudoalteromonas sp. IIIA004 produces a 2224 Da peptide with an antibiofilm activity toward Roseovarius sp. VA014 and Pseudomonas sp. IV2006 inhibits the biofilm formation of Flavobacterium sp . II2003. In both cases, the antibiofilms are active against a broad spectrum of bacteria suggesting several potential applications in marine and medical fields. In the last part, the effects of secretomes of the Navicula phyllepta diatom were evaluated on benthic bacteria models. This diatom was distinguished by its ability to secrete polysaccharides stimulating or inhibiting biofilm formation by target strains
Guillonneau, Richard. "Diversité des interactions microbiennes au sein de l'environnement marin ˸ : De biofilms multi-spécifiques à multi-organismes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUL0009.
Full textThe formation of multi-organisms biofilms is poorly studied especially with marine organisms. This work first showed that strains harvested in biofilms from the Mediterranean Sea displayed a heterogeneity in their biofilm formation abilities and a diversity of matrix compounds. The study of multi-species biofilms revealed antagonistic and beneficial effects of some strains on the biofilm development of their partners. The interactions between amoebae and marine bacteria inoculated at a low ratio showed that all the strains tested were phagocytosed by Acanthamoeba castellanii. However, different mechanisms of escapement from their predators have been unraveled, such as a bacterial localization within the cell nucleolus or within fecal pellets expelled from amoebae. However, when the amoebae were added to a preformed bacterial monospecies or multispecies biofilms, a majority of bacteria detached from the surface. The amoebae supernatant induced also a bacterial detachment on two of the bacteria in monospecies biofilms, as well as morphological changes of these bacteria, suggesting that amoeba chemical cues are secreted and detected by the bacteria. Therefore, although a simple grazing of non-pathogenic marine bacteria by amoebae could have been expected, a diversity of bacterial behaviors was unraveled giving an idea on the diversity of interaction mechanisms that may exist in the marine environment
Grasland, Béatrice. "Etude du rôle des interactions énergétiques et des communications intercellulaires dans la formation de biofilms bactériens en milieu marin." Lorient, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LORIS017.
Full textDebuy, Sandra. "Développement de cathodes microbiennes catalysant la réduction du dioxygène." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/13772/1/debuy.pdf.
Full textFerrero, Marie-Adeline. "Colonisation et biodétérioration des bétons en milieu marin : mise au point d'essais en laboratoire et influence de la composition chimique du matériau cimentaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC248/document.
Full textIn the current context of increased world population, it is necessary to built more infrastructures to meet the increasing industrial pressure. These constructions are erected on the sea as harbors, artificial islands or tourist accommodation. Concrete is mainly used because of its low-cost and durability in the marine environment. Like any material immersed in seawater, concrete is colonized by living organisms, becoming an habitat for their development. However, seawater is a very aggressive environment towards cementitious materials; physical, chemical and biological degradations are observed with time. Nowadays, physical and chemical degradations are well understood and reported in the literature but there is a lack of knowledge concerning biological effects. The aim of this thesis is first develop an experimental device in laboratory, allowing the colonization of cementitious material by microorganisms. Relevant tools to characterize the biofilm on the material were chosen to better understand colonisation’s kinetic. Chemical analysis of material and seawater were made to evaluate the actions of the biofilm on cementitious material. Different materials were produced to study the impact of the formulation on the colonization
Kacou, Alain Aka. "Synthèse et évaluation biologique des activités anti-biofilm d'analogues d'hémibastadine à noyau 1,2,3-triazole." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0014.
Full textMicrobial biofilms can produce adverse consequences in various domains, for example: marine activities and biomedical. This work has been led to deepen results obtained with previous hemibastadins with 1,2,3-triazole moiety. it was led with new compounds of this family. Biological tests showed that these compounds were really able to inhibit bacterial biofilms, even with multispecies biofilm. But these compounds were toxic for phyto and zooplankton. Structure-activity relationships studies showed important elements to have anti-biofilm activity: minimum one phenolic hydroxyle on an aromatic ring, importance of bromine, activity loss with alkylamines. Biologie tests have been also led on a Candida albicans clinical strains. These tests showed that these compounds are also actives on biofilm of this fungi, without antifungal activity
Ulvé, Stephane. "Influence des propriétés de surface des peintures antisalissures marines sur le microfouling." Lorient, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LORIS044.
Full textAny surface immersed in sea water is gradually covered by biofouling. The use of antifouling paint is the best way to avoid biofouling. Legislation becomes more and more draconian. A better comprehension of involved phenomena is then required to find new formulations in order to reduce toxicity of marine paints. A physicochemical and microbiological approache made it possible by characterising the evolution of surface properties of paints and their constitutive polymers and by studying their influence on marine bacteria adhesion. The analysis of surface properties showed that paints had quite similar properties and that their hydrophily increased after immersion. In situ, a selection of adherent bacteria was found to be based on production of biosurfactant. A great number of parameters have to be studied in order to improve antifouling paint formulations
Gillan, David. "Morpho-physiology, genetics and ecological aspects of marine microbial biofilms :the study of the iron-encrusted biofilm associated with Montacuta ferruginosa (Mollusca, Bivalvia)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211930.
Full textCheung, Chin Wa Sunny. "Biofilms of marine sulphate-reducing bacteria on mild steel." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241657.
Full textGambari, Cyril. "Biogenèse de la pellicule chez Shewanella oneidensis." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0218/document.
Full textThe aquatic bacterium Shewanella oneidensis is able to form, under static conditions and in the presence of oxygen, a biofilm at the air-liquid interface, called pellicle. My work was focused on the biogenesis of this pellicle.It was previously shown in the team that, surprisingly, the CheY3 protein, the response regulator of the chemotactic regulatory system, is involved in the biogenesis of the pellicle. This protein was shown to be essential both in early and late steps of pellicle formation whereas its usual partner, the kinase CheA3, seems to play a role in the late steps only. I was therefore looked for the partners of the CheY3 protein for pellicle formation.For this purpose, I have introduced a multi-copy genomic library in the ΔcheY3 strain and searched for genes whose overexpression allowed pellicle restoration. Strikingly, this approach revealed two genes pdgA and pdgB. Interestingly, we showed that PdgA and PdgB proteins are able to synthesize c-di-GMP, suggesting a role for this second messenger in pellicle biogenesis. Indeed, c-di-GMP hydrolysis by dedicated enzymes blocks pellicle formation.We also showed that the mxd operon, controlling the exopolysaccharides synthesis in biofilm associated with a solid surface, is also involved in pellicle formation. Moreover, the first protein encoded by this operon, MxdA, is able to bind c-di-GMP. Cross-linking and bacterial two-hybrid experiments revealed that MxdA, CheY3, PdgA and PdgB, form a complex regulatory pathway governing the biogenesis of the pellicle.Finally, we have shown that the two-component systems BarA/UvrY and ArcS/ArcA, controlling the mxd transcription, are also involved in pellicle formation
Barnier, Claudie. "Biodiversité et fonctionnalité des biofilms oléolytiques en milieu marin." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3032/document.
Full textParticulate organic carbon (POC), in marine environment, accounts for 25% of total organic carbon. POC degradation is carried out by heterotrophic microorganisms which have developed strategies to dissolve and assimilate it. Few studies have investigated the degradation of the polymeric and / or hydrophobic components of POC, which are almost insoluble in the water. Among these compounds, there are lipids and hydrocarbons (HC) grouped under the term of HOCs (hydrophobic organic compounds). The degradation of the HOCs is carried out by oleolytic bacteria which form biofilms at the HOC– water interface. Our knowledge of the diversity and functionality of oleolytic biofilms is mostly limited to HC degrading bacteria, while the degradation of lipids is often neglected although this family of molecules represents a significant part of the POC. A screening of 199 marine strains on 4 substrates: an alkane (paraffin), a triglyceride (tristearin), a fatty acid (palmitic acid) and a wax ester (hexadecyl palmitate) was performed to determine the taxonomic diversity of bacteria able to form oleolytic biofilms. This study revealed that oleolytic bacteria (forming a biofilm on at least 1 substrate) were relatively widespread among marine bacteria since they represented 18.7% of tested strains. This study also showed that bacteria able to assimilate alkanes were also able to assimilate at least one lipid. Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, previously described as specialized, or restricted to the assimilation of hydrocarbons, have actually a substrate range spanning from HC to lipids. The positive correlation between the ability to form a biofilm on alkanes and on lipids suggested a physiological link between the assimilation of these two HOC families. The lipase activity, which is essential for triglycerdides assimilation but not for the alkanes assimilation, was measured in oleolytic strains cultures growing on acetate, triglyceride or hexadecane. As expected, overexpression of lipase activity was observed in cultures on triglycerides compared to cultures on acetate. Moreover, overexpression of lipase activity was also observed in cultures on hexadecane reinforcing the idea of a physiological link between alkanes and lipids degradation.Oleolytic strains exhibited a very weak ability to form a biofilm on the inert surfaces (non-nutritive) polystyrene or glass compared to the HOC nutritive surface indicating that oleolytic strains have a specificity for HOC to form a biofilm. A quantitative study of adhesion on HOC and inert substratums carried out by microscopy shows that adhesion (in the tested conditions) is not a determining factor of the biofilm formation on these same substrates. This suggests that the specificity of biofilm formation on HOC substrates does not reside in adhesion but presumably in later biofilm development stages.Lastly, oleolytic biofilms, involving extracellular products (enzymes and solubilization factors) that constitute public goods, are favorable to the establishment of social behaviors. We have demonstrated synergistic behaviors (5/8 of observed behaviors) or competitive behaviors (3/8 of observed behaviors) in oleolytic biofilms
Mounier, Julie. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de gènes de Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus lors du développement de biofilms sur composés organiques hydrophobes." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3017/document.
Full textHydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), such as lipids and hydrocarbons, represent a significant part of the organic matter in the marine environment. Their low solubility in water requires from bacteria that degrade them physiological adaptations to stimulate their mass transfer from the organic to the aqueous phase where they are assimilated. Biofilm formation at the HOC-water interface is one of those adaptations. The marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus (Mh) which is able to use a broad range of HOCs such as alkanes, fatty alcohols and triglycerides, was used as a model to study the biofilm formation at HOCs-water interfaces. The aim of my research was to (i) conduct the functional characterization of aupA and aupB genes which are overexpressed in biofilm on hexadecane, (ii) draw up a list of genes, through a transcriptomic study, that are potentially involved in adhesion and biofilm formation at HOCs-water interfaces in order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved.Functional study of aupA and aupB revealed that these two genes form an operon whose expression is activated by various types of HOCs. They have also been shown to be involved in the transport of hexadecane and in biofilm formation on alkanes. The AupA protein is localized in the outer membrane and the predicted lipoprotein AupB is located at the inner membrane. AupA belongs to a subfamily of the FadL-like transporters, specific to marine hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (HCB). The phylogenetic distribution of the aupAB operon restricted to marine bacteria having the ability to degrade alkanes and its presence in multiple copies in somestrains of Alcanivorax sp. strongly suggest that Aup proteins play a key role in the adaptation of HCB to use alkanes as carbon and energy sources. The transcriptomic analysis of Mh cells adhering (after 15 min or 3 h of contact) or forming a biofilm at HOCs-water interfaces revealed significant and early changes in their transcriptome. The expression of many genes involved in the metabolism of HOCs, polysaccharides production, amino acids and ribosomal proteins synthesis is modulated as early as 15 min of adhesion. The overexpression of flagella and chemotaxis genes together with that of pili in adhesion condition suggest a possible motility at the interface during the early stages of biofilm development. In addition, it appears that the transcription factor RpoN is involved in the regulation of biofilm formation in Mh and that prophages could play a role in the structure and/or dispersal of the biofilm. Finally, a potential role of a genomic island in biofilm formation ontriolein was suggested
Brian-Jaisson, Florence. "Identification et caractérisation des exopolymères de biofilms de bactéries marines." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058255.
Full textBrian-Jaisson, Florence. "Identification et caractérisation des exopolymères de biofilms de bactéries marines." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0003.
Full textIn marine environment, artificial surfaces are promptly colonized by biofilms, which are communities of bacteria surrounded by matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Formation of biofilm is a critical step of biofouling development, which corresponds to the accumulation of micro and macro-organisms on immersed surfaces and which can have important negative ramifications in particular in the marine sector. In this study, bacteria isolated from the Mediterranean Sea have been identified and characterized using different phenotypical tools. Their capacity to form a biofilm in vitro has been studied in different conditions, with a particular focus on their ability to produce abundant carbohydrate-rich EPS, the overall objective of the study being the isolation of original antifouling-active exopolysaccharides. Thirteen strains have been phylogenetically and phenotypically characterized. Seven genera and twelve species were identified among which two isolates were affiliated to a new species, named Persicivirga mediterranea. This genus has never been described in the Mediterranean Sea. Extraction of EPS of each strain, grown in biofilm conditions, allowed the determination of their general composition in carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. One strain, Pseudoalteromonas ulvae TC14, was able to produce large quantities of exopolysaccharides, comprising in majority polymers of glucose whose chromatographic and spectroscopic analyzes revealed a diversity in size (Mw ~ 1-4000 kDa), charge (neutral or anionic) and associated function (acetate or lactate). These polysaccharides inhibited biofilm formed by other marine strains isolated from the Mediterranean Sea. They can also be synthesized by planktonic TC14, but in very different proportions
Consalvey, Mireille. "The structure and function of microphytobenthic biofilms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2682.
Full textKlein, Géraldine. "Nouvelles molécules naturelles inhibitrices du développement de biofilms de bactéries marines." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2038.
Full textAs soon as a surface area is immersed in a fluid, it can be colonised by microorganisms and then be covered by a biofilm. The biofilms formation is a major preoccupation in medicine, as well as in the food industry as it could lead to substantial economic fosses. The description and purification of new molecules, preventing or inhibing the formation of biofilms are, therefore, of major interest. Two bacterial strains, Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on the development of biofilms from other bacteria. The study involved, firstly, optimizing the production of inhibitory molecules and describing their scope of action and their effects. Secondly, these molecules were partially purified. In order to screen and evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of molecules produced in 3J6 and D41 culture supernatants on a large number of bacteria and samples, a 96-well microtiter-plate test was set up. This bioassay was adapted and optimized for bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth studies. We demonstrated that the optimal culture conditions for the production of inhibitory molecules by 3J6 and D41 were the following: 24h and 12h of culture in VNSS medium at 25°C respectively. We also showed that these anti-biofilm molecules have a wide range of activities, inhibiting the formation of biofilm in 13 out of the 19 different strains under study. Moreover, we also noted that the activity spectra of 3i6 and D41 are not identical in 4 of the sensitive strains, suggesting that different molecules may have been produced. In fact, the 3J6 and D41 supernatant molecules do not have any bactericidal effects on planktonic bacteria, but they reduce the biomass and the thickness of biofilms and / or restrict the viability of their constituent bacteria. However, only the molecules produced by D41 have an inhibitory effect on surface of adhesive bacteria. The purification of inhibitory molecules, partly from protein origin, was carried out using crude supernatants. As these molecules displayed different properties, two different techniques were employed. By using reversed phase chromatography C18, it was possible to associate the inhibitory activity with molecules of less than 10 kDa in molecular weight, primarily peptides. By combining anion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography, several proteins of around 100 kDa molecular mass were purified
Huggett, Megan Jane School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "Settlement of generalist marine invertebrate herbivores in response to bacterial biofilms and other cues." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23324.
Full textHung, Oi Shing. "Effects of environmental factors on biofilms and subsequent larval attachment of benthic marine invertebrates /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202007%20HUNG.
Full textCamps, Mercedes. "Bio-essais anti-adhésion sur bactéries marines pour le criblage de molécules et de revêtements antifouling." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638080.
Full textZurn, Constanze Maria. "The interrelationships between surface and environmental properties, marine biofilms and larval settlement." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512190.
Full textCamps, Mercedes. "Bio-essais anti-adhésion sur bactéries marines pour le criblage de molécules et de revêtements antifouling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUL0006.
Full textAny surface immersed in water is rapidly colonized by a lot of micro-and macroscopic organisms. Sequential and complex phenomenon known as biofouling, lead to major economic and ecological damages, particularly in the marine environment. The recent ban of toxic substances used as biocides in antifouling coatings for ship hulls notably, has relaunched searching for new molecules antifouling environmentally friendly. The objective of this thesis was to develop and initiate the study of the representativeness of a bioassay allow to assess the potential of molecules and antifouling coatings on "biofilms" mono and multi-species microplate using of fluorochromes. It was decided to focus on the primary biofilm because it is possible that the elimination or limitation of the latter reduce biofouling. Five strains of marine bacteria pioneers, isolated from the Bay of Toulon and Brittany, were used to compare the effectiveness of a settlement of commercial and natural molecules. Two derivatives of natural substances Marine (TFA E and Z) showed significant activity associated with a lack of toxicity in bacteria, suggesting a specific anti-adhesion mechanism. In addition, differences in sensitivity between strains have confirmed the importance of making the bioassay with a various bacteria. To see if the data obtained in the laboratory showed what happens in the natural environment, a comparison between the results of the bioassay in microplate applied to six coatings and biofilms isolated on the same paint immersed for a month in the Bay of Toulon (analyzed by flow cytometry, microscopy and PCR-DGGE) was performed. Quantitative analysis suggested a correlation in between approaches although the absence of effectiency intermediate coating and the number of tested systems limit our conclusions
Salta, Maria. "Method development for enhanced antifouling testing using novel natural products against marine biofilms." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/348861/.
Full textTapper, Rudi. "The use of biocides for the control of marine biofilms on stainless steel surfaces." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266797.
Full textTrigodet, Florian. "Caractérisation électrochimique et moléculaire des biofilms électroactifs sur acier inoxydable en milieu marin." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0029/document.
Full textMicroorganisms increase the opencircuit potential of stainless Steel immersed in seawater in a phenomenon called ennoblement.This change of potential of several hundreds of millivolts raises the chance of localized corrosion.The ennoblement has been studied for more than 40 years, and despite the importance and impact of ennoblement, little is known about the microbial mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon. We have combined microbial ecology and electrochemistry to investigate the diversity of surface attached bacteria associated with stainless steel ennoblement. Seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen content are factors that influence the ennoblement and we used them to infer the bacterial fraction associated with the phenomenon. The ennoblement is inhibited by a critical seawater tempzrature (above 38°C/40°C) and low dissolved oxygen content.With DNA amplicon sequencing, we identified operational taxonomie units (OTUs) that were biomarkers of the ennoblement. There were some OTUs affiliated to hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, and one OTU affiliated to ‘Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga’, an electrotrophic bacteria able to reduce oxygen with electrons from an electrode.We investigated the role of electrotrophic bacteria with potentiostatic and open circuit conditions and with metagenomics we recovered a metagenome assembled genome (MAG) very close to 'Candidatus Tenderia electrophaga’ associated with the ennoblement.From these results, we proposed a new bacterial mechanism to explain the ennoblement : electrotrophic bacteria would be able to reduce oxygen with électron drawn from the stainless steel passivation film, hence influencing the open circuit potential and therefore the ennoblement
Schumacher, James Frederick. "Control of marine biofouling and medical biofilm formation with engineered topography." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021311.
Full textFischer, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Marine biofilm formation dynamics – from sensor development to field applications / Matthias Fischer." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045603961/34.
Full textMai-Prochnow, Anne Gerda Erna Biotechnology & Bio-molecular Sciences UNSW. "Autolysis in the development and dispersal of biofilms formed by the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas tunicata." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biotechnology and Bio-molecular Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25537.
Full textWerwinski, Stephane. "Electrochemical sensing of aerobic marine bacterial biofilms and the influence of nitric oxide attachment control." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/195949/.
Full textBazes, Alexandra. "Recherche et valorisation de principes actifs antifouling isolés à partir de trois macroalgues." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIS066.
Full textThe ban of TBT-based antifouling products has forced the coating companies to find a suitable substitute to limit the development of fouling on ship hulls. The other organic biocides used in antifouling paints are suspected to have negative effects on the marine environment. An alternative exists with the development of antifouling coatings in which active ingredients would be isolated from marine organisms. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of active compounds extracted from marine algae in antifouling paints. We have shown in our study that the extracts from Sargassum muticum (Heterokonta, Fucales), Polysiphonia lanosa (Rhodobionta, Ceramiales) and Ceramium botryocarpum (Rhodobionta, Ceramiales) present an interesting antifouling activity, which can be compared to the activity of the organic biocides used in antifouling paints. In situ tests have been conducted during the summer 2004 and 2005 in the harbour of Lorient, and the first results of crude extracts incorporated in coatings are promising. An active fraction has been isolated after the purification of the ethanol/dichloromethane extract from S. Muticum. Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Gas Chromatography technics have shown the presence of palmitic acid and dioctyl phthalate in the active fraction. The tests conducted on bacteria, microalgae and algae spores have demonstrated the antifouling efficiency of the palmitic acid
Jin, Tao. "Complex interactions among amino acids, biofilms and settling larvae of the polychaete hydroides elegans /." View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202005%20JIN.
Full textLeroy, Céline. "Lutte contre les salissures marines : approche par procédés enzymatiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAT0002.
Full textFouling on marine underwater surfaces causes critical and economic problems such as important material biodamages and industrial performances reduction. We chose to test antifouling potential of enzymatic commercial preparations like hydrolases (proteases, glycosidases and lipases) in order to inhibit the first fouling adhesion step: bacterial biofilm formation. An evaluation test of antifouling properties onto marine bacterial adhesion was designed using a mono-incubation of Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 in microtiter plate and in sterile natural sea water. This test was adapted to screen agents for bacterial adhesion removal or inhibition activities and allowed to test enzymatic preparations toxicity on non adhered bacteria. Inhibition rates according to logarithm of enzymatic preparation concentration exhibits a sigmoid shape like dose-response curves. Among hydrolases, proteases like subtilisin are the most efficient enzymes. The efficiency of amylase, lipase and protease activity mixture was evaluated and showed a high synergistic inhibition on Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 adhesion in microtiter plate. Studies on polymeric extracellular substances from Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 in fermentation and in biofilm will be helpful in the understanding of the organic molecules nature involved in the adhesion inhibition
Hamer, John Paul. "The development and settlement of certain marine tubeworm (Serpulidae and Spirorbidae) larvae in response to biofilms." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-and-settlement-of-certain-marine-tubeworm-serpulidae-and-spirorbidae-larvae-in-response-to-biofilms(9898f15d-1d99-47c1-b8dd-6a63ca003648).html.
Full textGunn, N. "Marine biofilm development on titanium with particular reference to seawater heat exchange systems." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234641.
Full textCampbell, Connor. "Assessing biofilm and epiphytes on seagrass leaves as bioindicators of environmental change." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2287.
Full textGuégan, Caroline. "Impact de la rigidité des supports sur l'adhésion et la colonisation bactérienne." Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIS293.
Full textAdhesion of bacteria to surfaces represents a significant interest in many biotechnological applications but also causes enormous health and economic problems. Ln marine environment, attachment of bacteria can lead to biofouling and deterioration of immersed structures. Thus, understanding mechanisms governing bacterial adhesion is a crucial issue. Until present, nearly all researches have focused on physicochemical properties of material surfaces and bacteria but not directly on mechanical characteristics such as stiffness of supports. However, this parameter is highlight in fouling release researches. According to this observation, the objective of this thesis is to study the impact of stiffness support on bacterial adhesion and colonization. The agarose hydrogels were chosen as support for their controlled mechanical behavior. Three marine bacterial strains : a positive Gram, Bacillus sp. 4J6 and two negative Gram Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 were chosen as models. Stiffness of agarose hydrogels was determinated by rheometry. Elastic moduli of hydrogels evolve from around 104 Pa to 105 Pa. It was demonstrated that the stiffness has an impact on bacterial adhesion. An increase of elastic modulus of hydrogels improves adhesion of 3J6 et D41 and for 4J6, bacterial adhesion patterns are different. For biofilm formation, no significant difference for bacterial biomass and maximal thickness is shown. However, structures of biofilms of Pseudoalteromonas sp. 3J6 are different between agarose hydrogels with different stiffness. A comparative proteomic analysis of Pseudoalteromonas sp. D41 between adhesion on two agarose hydrogels with different stiffness was performed. Protein profiles are different. There were 21 spots in total differentially expressed between the two conditions. Consequently, this bacteria shows a physiological adaptation according to stiffness support
Coclet, Clément. "Impacts de la contamination multiple en éléments traces métalliques sur les communautés microbiennes dans un environnement côtier fortement anthropisé : la rade de Toulon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0010.
Full textToulon Bay is a highly anthropized coastal ecosystem that present multiple trace metal contamination gradients, and was considered as a model system. The coupling of field campaigns and laboratory experiments were used to study the impact of trace metal contamination on bath planktonic and biofilm microbial communities. Chemical analyses, flux cytometry, and metabarcoding were used to study several characteristics of communities, as abundance and taxonomie diversity in response to trace metal contamination in the Toulon Bay. Then, bath ultraphytoplankton and bacterioplankton showed strong spatial patterns along the trace metal contamination gradients. Laboratory experiments showed that trace metals played an important raie on bath abundance and diversity patterns of ultraplanktonic communities, by bath potential direct (toxicity) and indirect (phytoplankton-bacterioplankton interactions). Conversely to planktonic communities, trace metal contamination had limited impact on microbial biofilm community. ln contrast, microbial biofilm community seemed to be influenced by surrounding sediments, and by potential colonizer taxa from benthic compartment resuspended du ring sediment resuspension events. ln conclusion, trace metals seemed to have impacts on all the microbial communities of Toulon Bay, with variations of influence depending on the compartment
Boudaud, Nicolas. "Apport de la spectroscopie IRTF dans la caractérisation polyphasique de microorganismes impliqués dans les phénomènes de corrosion marine." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2017.
Full textMicrobiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) depends on the nature and metabolism of the microbial communities constituting the biofilm and the intrinsic properties of biofilm, developing on metallic surfaces under the influence of the physical and chemical environmental parameters. Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and Thiosulfate-Reducing Bacteria (TRB) are described to be particularly aggressive against immersed metallic materials. In order to study this particular flora, a sulfurogen reference library was created according to specific culture conditions. The analysis of infrared spectra of twenty-two SRB and TRB collection strains prove a clearly discrimination at the genus level. This spectral database was then used for comparative and phenotypic purposes to characterize biodiversity of cultivable anaerobic bacteria, potentially involved in accelerated localized corrosion of carbon steel coupons These coupons have been immersed twelve months in three different harbour zones (Le Havre, Marseille et Saint Nazaire). In parallel, this biodiversity was also evaluated by molecular and chromatographic methods. The obtained results from this experimental system have shown various atypical corrosion profiles according to immersed zones. The analysis of “deposits-biofilms" complexes showed that according to the cultivate methods used, three leading bacterial communities can be distinguished: the Vibrio genus (dominant community), the Desulfovibrio genus (metabolic group potentially corrosive) and the Clostridiales group (emergent community). By extension, potentialities of FT-IR spectroscopy for characterization of corrosive bacteria have paved the way to an applied industrial study. The implementation of this project has contributed to demonstrate the influence of bacterial communities on the "active" or "passive" character of biofilms formed on stainless steel materials
Gozoua, Emmanuel. "Etude du quorum sensing des bactéries organisées en biofilm en vue de la mise en place des biocides non toxiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0008.
Full textBiofouling is an invasive phenomenon that generates significant economic and ecological problems. In this privileged way of life, micro-organisms communicate through an intra- and inter-species communication system, or even inter-genera, called quorum sensing (QS). QS is based on small diffusible molecules such as N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL), and is therefore involved in many physiological processes, including the production of virulence factors, bioluminescence emission and pigment production. ln an earlier study, QS was found in a marine bacterium called Pseudoalteromonas u/vae TC 14 isolated from the harbor of Toulon. P. ulvae TC 14 is not only capable of producing a large biofilm and violacein but would regulate these two parameters (biofilm and violacein) by the detection of exogenous AHLs because it would not produce it. This study initially consisted in continuing the characterization of the QS system in P. ulvae TC 14 by a molecular study. While verifying the absence of AHL synthase (Luxl) and potential genes for autoinduction type 2 (AI-2) in P. ulvae TC14, the presence of eight luxR regulatory sequences could be detected and an evaluation of the expression of these sequences was made by R T q-PCR technique. In order to determine the impact of QS modulation on biofilm adhesion and biofilm formation in P. ulvae TC 14, QS regulatory molecules were tested in combination wi th three synthetic analogs with antifouling effect. The restoration of biofilm adhesion and formation by the combined molecules has shown that QS modulation in P. ulvae TC 14 does not seem to be the preferred route for biofilm inhibition. However, evaluation of other targets such as bacterial membrane and efflux pumps through membrane permeabilizers and efflux pump inhibitors has shown a synergistic effect on adhesion and biofilm formation. Thus, membrane permeabilization and the inhibition of efflux pumps seem to be better ways of potentiating the antifouling effect of synthetic analogues
Rubio, Céline. "Compréhension des mécanismes d'adhésion des biofilms en milieu marin en vue de la conception de nouveaux moyens de prévention." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066325.
Full textArantxa, Camus Etchecopar. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la formation de biofilm à l’interface eau-composés organiques hydrophobes." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3032/document.
Full textHydrophobic organic compounds (HOC), a large family of naturally-produced or anthropogenic molecules including lipids and hydrocarbons, represent a significant part of organic matter in marine ecosystems. Because of their low solubility in water, bacteria that degrade those compounds require the establishment of specific cell functions to increase their biodisponibility. Biofilm formation in water-HOC interface is one of these adaptations. The model of bacteria used in our laboratory, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17, is able to form a biofilm on a wide range of HOC, such as alkanes, fatty alcohols and triglycerides, in order to use them as a carbon and energy source. The main purpose of my work was to broaden the knowledge of how bacteria adhere to and from biofilms on HOC, through the functional characterization of 10 candidate genes highlighted during proteomic and transcriptomic studies. Genetic tools and a gene-specific functional characterization have been developed in order to carry out this project. Functional study conducted on MARHY2686 revealed its involvement in the formation of biofilm on alkanes. Co-expression of MARHY2686 and the adjacent genes MARHY2687 and MARHY2685 durnig transcriptomic analysis together with their phylogenetic distribution and synteny conservation suggest that these three genes are involved in the same biological process. According to the high peptide sequence identity between MARHY2686 and AdeT, a periplasmic protein of a tripartite efflux pump system of Acinetobacter baumanii, MARHY2686 in combination with MARHY2687 and MARHY2685 could be the components of such a system. Other phenotypic observations would consider the involvement of MARHY2686 either in the assimilation of HOC or in the accumulation of intracellular lipid reserves. M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 uses type IV pili during biofilm formation on HOC. These appendages are involved in the adhesion of this strain to and in a detachment process from HOC. Type IV pili could either act directly to allow bacteria to detach from the surface to which it is adhered, or indirectly through the action of bacteriophages. The presence of twitching motility on HOC has also been suggested. Finally, the role of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), a well-known protein system which allows interactions between bacteria and host cells, during the formation of a mono-species biofilm on HOC where no other microorganism than M. hydrocarbonoclasticus SP17 is present, has been studied