Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bioenergy crop'
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Estes, Michelle E. "Economic feasibility of growing sorghum as a bioenergy crop." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18722.
Full textDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Aleksan Shanoyan
The purpose of this research is to evaluate and gain a better understanding of the economic feasibility of Kansas farmers growing energy sorghum for biofuel production. The net returns for 11 crop systems that included a no-till or reduced-till option and the rotations involved wheat, grain sorghum, dual-purpose sorghum, and photoperiod sensitive sorghum were simulated in SIMETAR© developed by Richardson, Shumann, and Feldman (2004) using historical data on yields and prices. The price and yield data originates from an agronomic study conducted in Hesston, KS. The biomass yields for the 3 varieties of sorghum are based on experimental work performed in Manhattan, KS. The sorghum biomass prices were obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service. Costs for the crop systems are based on the 2014 Kansas State University Herbicide handbook (Thompson et al. 2014), Dhuyvetter, O’Brien, and Tonsor (2014), and Dhuyvetter (2014). The net returns were simulated under five contract scenarios including: a Spot Market contract, a Minimum Price contract, a BCAP Price contract, and 2 levels of the Gross Revenue Guarantee contracts – 60% and 100%. Risk analysis was performed on the simulated net returns through use of the Excel add-in SIMETAR©. Stochastic efficiency analysis was used to evaluate the systems based on the distribution of net returns and risk preferences. The findings are summarized around three important factors influencing farmers’ economic feasibility of growing sorghum for biofuel use: crop systems, risk preferences, and contract specification. Results indicate that the no-till wheat and dual-purpose sorghum crop system without biomass production has the lowest costs and the no-till wheat and photoperiod sensitive sorghum system has the highest production cost. The crop systems that have a no-till option allow for the highest grain and biomass yields. Also, crop systems rotated with wheat are more preferred among producers due to higher net returns. The NTWDPS With system under the BCAP Price contract has the highest net returns and is highest in preference. The findings indicate that the risk aversion does affect the decision to produce sorghum for biofuel, but the effect is not very significant. In terms of contract specification, the results indicate that for Kansas producers, the BCAP Price contract will offer the highest net returns. These findings contribute additional insight on factors affecting Kansas farmers’ economic feasibility of producing sorghum for biofuel and can have important implications for biofuel industry actors and policy makers.
Porter, William Christian. "Air-quality and Climatic Consequences of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1042.
Full textDeal, Michael William. "Net Primary Production in Three Bioenergy Crop Systems Following Land Conversion." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1309362383.
Full textGagné-Bourque, François. "The isolation, identification and characterization of endophytes of the bioenergy crop switchgrass." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106473.
Full textLe panic érigé (Panicum vergatum L.) est reconnu comme une des plantes modèles pour la production de biomasse végétale. Il est connu que la plupart des plantes vasculaires étudiées à ce jour sont colonisées par des champignons et bactéries endophyte. Cette étude avait pour but d'explorer les communautés d'endophytes présentes dans différents cultivars de panic érigé au Québec, pour ensuite isoler les endophytes et effectuer leur identification taxonomique en comparant leur séquence ITS rADN. Nous avons obtenu un total de 145 isolats (52 bactéries et 93 champignons) venant de feuille de plante au stade végétative et au stade reproductive. Une fois les isolats identifiés, nous avons obtenu cinq différents groupes taxonomiques pour les bactéries et neuf pour les champignons. Nous avons évalué le potentiel antifongique des différents endophytes bactériens, avec pour objectif d'identifier les candidats potentiels à la ré-inoculation de cultivar de panic érigé commercial afin augmenter leur production de biomasse. À l'aide de séquences d'amorces spécifiques, nous avons pu démontrer la transmission verticale des endophytes.
Awty-Carroll, Danny. "Understanding germination for improved propagation and field establishment of the bioenergy crop Miscanthus." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/46a3a058-806f-4bab-8f93-a091467e1b5d.
Full textMaxfield, Jason Charles. "Agricultural Management Decisions Impact Isoprene Emission and Physiology of Arundo donax, an Emerging Bioenergy Crop." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1642.
Full textCogdill, Todd Joseph. "Investigation of management strategies for the production of sweet sorghum as a bioenergy crop and preservation of crop residue by the ensiling process." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
Find full textShortall, Orla. "Rethinking bioenergy from an agricultural perspective : ethical issues raised by perennial energy crop and crop residue production for energy in the UK and Denmark." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28756/.
Full textBrown, Christopher. "A socio-economic study of bioenergy crop adoption in North East Scotland : an agent-based modelling approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186856.
Full textCorno, L. "ARUNDO DONAX L. (GIANT CANE) AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOENERGY AND GREEN CHEMISTRY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/347217.
Full textJohansson, Martin, and Philip Martell. "Gröna utsikter : En analys av hampas (Cannabis sativa L.) förutsättningar som energigröda i Sverige." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Miljövetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28830.
Full textKenney, Ian T. "Regional assessment of short-term impacts of corn stover removal for bioenergy on soil quality and crop production." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13186.
Full textDepartment of Agronomy
Humberto Blanco
DeAnn Presley
The U.S. agricultural sector is in a prime position to provide crop residues such as corn (Zea mays L.) stover as feedstock for large-scale bioenergy production. While producing renewable energy from biomass resources is a worthy initiative, excessive removal of corn stover from agricultural fields has the potential to increase soil erosion, degrade soil properties, and reduce corn yields. A need exists to objectively assess stover removal impacts on agriculture and the environment on regional scales. This project assessed the effects of removing various rates of corn stover on runoff and erosion and changes in soil physical properties and corn yields on a regional scale across three soils at Colby, Hugoton, and Ottawa in Kansas, USA. The soils were Ulysses silt loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Haplustolls) at Colby, Hugoton loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Argiustolls) at Hugoton, and Woodson silt loam (Fine, smectitic, thermic Abruptic Argiaquolls) at Ottawa, all with slopes [less than or equal to] 1%. Five stover treatments were studied that consisted of removing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of stover after harvest from no-till and strip-till continuous corn plots. Simulated rainfall was applied in spring 2010 at rates representing 5 yr return intervals at each site and included a dry and wet run. Runoff increased with an increase in stover removal at Colby and Hugoton, but not at Ottawa. At Colby, stover removal rates as low as 25% caused runoff to occur 16 min sooner and increased sediment loss. At this site, runoff and sediment-carbon (C) loss increased as removal rates exceeded 25%. At Hugoton, complete stover removal increased loss by total N by 0.34, total P loss by 0.07, PO[subscript]4-P by 0.003 and NO[subscript]3-N by 0.007 kg ha-[superscript]1. At Ottawa, PO[subscript]4-P loss decreased by 0.001 kg ha-[superscript]1 with 25% removal and by 0.003 kg ha-[superscript]1 with 50% removal. Mean weight diameter (MWD) of wet aggregates decreased with an increase in stover removal on all soils. At Ottawa, stover removal at 75% reduced soil C in the top 5 cm by 1.57 Mg ha-[superscript]1. Soil volumetric water content decreased with stover removal at Colby and Ottawa, but was variable at Hugoton. Soil temperature tended to increase with stover removal during summer months and decrease during winter months. Soil temperature also fluctuated much more widely with stover removal, resulting in more freeze-thaw events compared to no stover removal. No effect of stover removal on soil water retention was observed on any of the soils. In 2009, removal rates [greater than or equal to]50% resulted in greater grain yield at Colby, while removal rates [greater than or equal to]75% resulted in greater grain yields at Ottawa in 2009 and 2010. Results from the first two years of stover management suggest that stover removal at rates above 25% for bioenergy production increased water erosion, degraded soil structural properties, and altered soil water and temperature regimes. Higher rates of removal ([greater than or equal to]75%) can also reduce soil C concentration in the short-term in rainfed regions. However, grain yields may be enhanced by stover removal from irrigated soils and from rainfed soils with adequate moisture. Overall, the increase in water erosion and alteration in soil properties in the short-term suggest that stover removal can detrimentally affect water quality and soil productivity in Kansas. Further long-term monitoring is warranted to conclusively discern stover removal implications.
Ehret, Miriam Nadin [Verfasser]. "Alley cropping of willows and grassland for bioenergy provision: productivity, tree-crop interactions and energy balance / Miriam Nadin Ehret." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075468043/34.
Full textKilpatrick, Lindsay Anne. "Impacts of Biosolids and FGD Gypsum Application on Marginal Soil Quality and Production of Miscanthus as a Bioenergy Crop." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339744690.
Full textRodjom, Abbey M. "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes of Soil in a Miscanthus x giganteus Crop Grown for Cellulosic Bioenergy on Abandoned Agricultural Land." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524837572902621.
Full textHerman, Tess P. "Optimizing Feedstock Mixtures for Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste, Brewery Waste, and Crop Residues." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1564764496107388.
Full textMorais, Maristela Calvente. "Efeito da remoção de quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar na biomassa e na comunidade microbiana do solo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-15122016-105828/.
Full textThe global effort to diversify the global matrix of liquid fuels seeks to replace fossil sources by renewable ones. Bioenergy production derived from biomass plays an important role in this scenario. The biomass generated after the harvest of sugarcane stands out by the large amounts of straw that can be used for direct generation (burning) and indirect (biofuels) of bioenergy. However, little is know about the effects of sugarcane straw removal to bioenergy production on biological soil properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the straw removal on soil microbial carbon and nitrogen as well as on soil microbial community. The experiments were conducted in two areas cultivated with sugarcane (Saccharum spp. L.) in Capivari, SP (Bom Retiro) and Valparaíso, SP (Univalem). The soils studied were an Oxisoil with clay texture in Bom Retiro and an Ultisoil with sandy texture in Univalem. In both sites, the experimental designer was a randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. The treatments tested were decreasing intensities of sugarcane straw harvest (i.e., 100%; 75%; 50%; 0 removing of the original straw deposition) : i) Bom Retiro: 0; 3,4; 7,8; 16,6; 15,6 Mg ha-1 of dry matter of straw kept on soil surface; ii) Univalem: 0; 4,2; 8,7; 18,9; 23,3 Mg ha-1 of dry matter of straw kept on the soil surface. One year after experiment installation, straw and soil (0-10 cm layer) samples were collected. A new sugarcane straw and soil (0-5 and 5-10 cm) sampling was performed four months from the second deposition of sugarcane straw on the field. The attributes evaluated were: total and microbial C and N of straw and soil, soil easily-oxidizable C, straw and soil microbial genes quantification using qPCR method. Our results showed that soil C and N contents were not impacted by sugarcane straw removal. However, the fraction of easily-oxidizable C and microbial C and N tended to decrease due to increased straw removal, with a more significant microbial biomass response for the sandy soil site (Univalem). Likewise, microbial communities were also sensitive to straw management, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of gene copies with increasing intensities of sugarcane straw harvest. Therefore, we can concluded that the large amounts of sugarcane straw removal from field as affects soil microbiology, may have consequences in specific functions performed by microorganisms, which ensure the soil functioning and can prevent soil degradation. These results can serve as a basis for more comprehensive assessments that seek a sustainable crop residue management strategy for sugarcane, to ensure the proper functioning of the soil
Pimentel, Laisa Gouveia. "Decomposition dynamics of sugarcane straw in the central-southern Brazil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-21032018-124822/.
Full textA adoção da colheita mecanizada sem queima prévia da cana-de-açúcar aumenta a quantidade de palha sobre o solo. Essa palha tem um alto potencial para produção de etanol 2G e bioeletricidade. No entanto, a manutenção da palha tem papel essencial nas propriedades do solo e no desempenho das culturas. A decomposição da palha é um processo chave para investigar e informar sobre corretas decisões acerca do manejo da remoção. Diversos fatores afetam a taxa de decomposição, tais como: qualidade e quantidade da palha; condições edafoclimáticas; e práticas de manejo. Portanto, realizamos um estudo de campo em dois locais no centro-sul do Brasil, maior região produtora de cana-de-açúcar no mundo, abrangendo duas épocas de colheita (chuvosa e seca) ao longo de dois anos para avaliar a dinâmica de decomposição da palha da cana-de-açúcar sob diferentes taxas de remoção. A principal hipótese é de que a alta remoção de palha desequilibre o ambiente edáfico e reduza o fornecimento de C para os microrganismos, diminuindo a atividade microbiana e consequentemente a taxa de decomposição da palha. O manejo de remoção afetou a taxa de decomposição da palha, a menor taxa de decomposição foi associada a maiores remoções. A perda de C e N foi duas e três vezes maior no segundo ano do que no primeiro ano de condução do experimento, respectivamente. Em geral, a celulose da palha diminuiu em 13%, a hemicelulose em 7% e a lignina proporcionalmente enriqueceu em 92% após dois anos. Mundancas na composição química da palha ao longo do processo de decomposição foram detectadas tanto utilizando o método tradicional, via extrações químicas sequenciais, quanto atravéz de técnica espectroscópica, como o Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform DRIFT. Assim, para verificar alterações da celulose e da hemicelulose da palha suger-se o uso das picos espectrais de 896, 987, 1173 e 1447 cm-1, enquanto que para verificar mudanças na lignina os valores de 1510 cm-1 mostrou-se um eficiente preditor. A comunidade bacteriana do solo foi afetada pelo tempo de decomposição. A qualidade da palha explicou 23,2% da variação bacteriana total, onde a hemicelulose representou 17,2% dessa variação. Além disso, a estrutura bacteriana foi sutilmente afetada pelo manejo de remoção da palha da cana-de-açúcar. No geral, nosso estudo mostrou que a remoção de palha para a produção de etanol 2G e bioeletricidade afetará a dinâmica da decomposição da palha nas áreas comerciais de cana-de-açúcar do Brasil. O tempo foi o principal regulador das mudanças nos conteúdos bioquímicos da palha e na estrutura bacteriana do solo. O uso de resíduos de culturas para fins energéticos é uma das principais alternativas para aumentar a produção de bioenergia nos próximos anos. No entanto, a remoção da palha de cana-de-açúcar deve ser feita com prudência, uma vez que a taxa de remoção afetou a dinâmica da decomposição e conseqüentemente deverá afetar a ciclagem de nutrientes e o ciclo do C.
Hewage, Renuka Priyadarshani Suddapuli [Verfasser], and Eva-Maria [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer. "Effect of charred digestate (biochar) and digestate on soil organic carbon and nutrients in temperate bioenergy crop production systems / Renuka Priyadarshani Suddapuli Hewage. Betreuer: Eva-Maria Pfeiffer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1095766589/34.
Full textCarlos, Roberta Souto. "Crambe cultivado em sucessão ao milho fertilizado com lodo de esgoto por dezoito anos consecutivos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152186.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O crambe tem se destacado no cenário bioenergético como uma opção na rotação de culturas para a safrinha, visando à produção de óleo e posteriormente de biodiesel. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre suas necessidades nutricionais. Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta das plantas de crambe ao efeito residual da adubação orgânica com lodo de esgoto (LE) na produtividade agrícola, conteúdo de macro e micronutrientes nos grãos e na planta inteira, além do teor de óleo. O experimento foi instalado em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef), que recebeu 18 aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto, no município de Jaboticabal-SP. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle, sem aplicação de LE e com fertilização mineral); 5 Mg ha-1 LE; 10,0 Mg ha-1 LE; e 20,0 Mg ha-1 LE base seca. O crambe foi semeado em sucessão ao milho, cultura utilizada no ciclo 2014/2015, sem nova adubação. O acúmulo de nutrientes na planta inteira e a massa seca foram analisados em três épocas de amostragem (50, 64 e 78 dias após a semeadura - DAS), além da produtividade, porcentagem de óleo e concentração de nutrientes nos grãos. O acúmulo de N, P, B e Zn na planta inteira e a massa seca de crambe apresentaram diferença significativa entre os tratamentos somente aos 50 DAS, com valores maiores no tratamento de 10 Mg ha-1 quando comparado ao tratamento controle. Para as demais variáveis analisadas, não houve diferença significativa em nenhuma época de coleta. A maior produção de massa seca ocorreu aos 78 DAS, atingindo 23,22 g kg-1 na dose de 20 Mg ha-1 LE. A porcentagem de óleo, que variou de 18,69 a 19,53%, e a produtividade de grãos, também não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. O estudo possibilitou verificar que a resposta à adubação com LE ou mineral, não influenciou em incremento no acúmulo dos nutrientes avaliados nas plantas e nos grãos do crambe. A qualidade de grãos de crambe quanto ao teor de óleo e a produtividade também não sofreram interferência das doses de LE utilizadas. Este trabalho mostrou que crambe é uma planta que pode ser aproveita na rotação de culturas adubadas com LE.
Crambe has stood out in the bioenergetic scenario as an option in the rotation of crops for the safrinha, aiming at the production of oil and later of biodiesel. However, little is known about their nutritional needs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of crambe plants to the residual effect of organic fertilization with sewage sludge (SS) on agricultural productivity, macro and micronutrient content in grains and whole plant, as well as oil content. The experiment was carried out in Eutroferric Red Latosol (LVef), which received 18 annual applications of sewage sludge, in the municipality of Jaboticabal-SP. The treatments were: 0 (control, without application of SS and with mineral fertilization); 5 Mg ha-1 SS; 10.0 Mg ha-1 SS; and 20.0 Mg ha-1 SS dry basis. The crambe was sown in succession to corn, a crop used in the 2014/2015 cycle, with no new fertilization. The accumulation of nutrients in the whole plant and the dry mass were analyzed in three sampling times (50, 64 and 78 days after sowing - DAS), besides the productivity, percentage of oil and concentration of nutrients in the grains. The accumulation of N, P, B and Zn in the whole plant and the dry mass of crambe showed a significant difference between the treatments only at 50 DAS, with higher values in the treatment of 10 Mg ha-1 when compared to the control treatment. For the other variables analyzed, there was no significant difference in any collection season. The highest dry mass production occurred at 78 DAS, reaching 23.22 g kg-1 at the dose of 20 Mg ha-1 SS. The percentage of oil, which varied from 18.69 to 19.53%, and grain yield, were also not influenced by the treatments. The study made it possible to verify that the response to SS or mineral fertilization did not influence the accumulation of nutrients evaluated in plants and crambe grains. The quality of crambe grains for oil content and yield also did not suffer interference from the doses of SS used. This work showed that crambe is a plant that can be harvested in the rotation of cultures fertilized with SS.
Vasconcelos, Ana Luisa Soares de. "Emissão de gases de efeito estufa do solo devido à remoção de quantidades de palha de cana-de-açúcar e à adubação nitrogenada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-19122016-163327/.
Full textSugarcane straw has been point out as an important feedstock to increase bioenergy production in Brazil However, the field greenhouse gas (GHG) emission dynamic due straw removing management is not completely understood yet. Two experiments were conducted with gas sampling chambers that was kept under natural conditions with four treatments: bare soil, 3, 6 and 12 Mg ha-1, which is approximately the equivalent of the 100, 75, 50 and 0 % intensities of removing. The first was conducted for 180 days without the N addition and the second experiment was conducted for 100 day and its was added 80 kg ha-1 N in ammonium sulfate and 32 kg ha-1 N in the vinasse. Parallely to the experiment 1, a decomposing trial was conducted with the same straw amounts in a side limited bottomless plastic boxes (0.3 x 0.5 m). In Experiment 1, the presence of straw increased 35-45% the N2O and CO2 accumulated flux compared to the bare soil. While the influx of CH4 increased by 40% in the maximum straw amount (12 Mg ha-1) compared to zero. The N2O emission factor found for the straw decomposition was 0.02%. In Experiment 2 occurred an intensification of emissions due to nitrogen fertilization which raised the average emission factor for 0.42%. Thus emission due straw quantities were not significant. The results indicate that the straw without N has an effect of GHG emissions, and in order to maintain the C stock in soil is need keep at least 6 Mg ha-1 of straw to compensate for the loss of CO2 thru respiration. This work will contribute to the bioethanol carbon footprint calculation and in the grower decision taking of straw removing intensity for energy and 2G ethanol
Maaß, Oliver. "Analyzing Transactions in Linked Value Chains of Wastewater Treatment and Crop Production." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20128.
Full textThis dissertation explores the impact of transactions for reusing nutrients and treated municipal wastewater on the value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. It aims to analyze what costs and benefits and what added-value can result from transactions in linked value chains of wastewater treatment and crop production. Furthermore, it aims to analyze how transactions and interdependences between actors in linked value chains shape the governance structures for reusing wastewater at the local level. The analysis is mainly guided by the value chain concept, the concept of the circular economy and the theory of transaction costs economics. Different methods including cost-benefit analysis, value chain analysis and transaction cost analysis are used to investigate two case studies located in Germany: (1) the precipitation of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) in the wastewater treatment plant in Waßmannsdorf and its application as fertilizer in Berlin-Brandenburg, and (2) the agricultural wastewater reuse scheme of the Wastewater Association Braunschweig. The results show that transactions for reusing nutrients and wastewater result in the development of linked regional value chains with lower costs of wastewater treatment, higher profitability and added-value in crop production, and a high share of regional added-value. However, the results also highlight that the reuse of wastewater can lead to restrictions (e.g., cultivation bans on certain crops), crowding out effects and changes in the distribution of the added-value. Furthermore, the findings suggest that different governance structures are needed to match the different properties of the transactions between wastewater treatment and crop production. Interdependences resulting from transactions between wastewater providers and farmers increase the need for hybrid and hierarchical elements in the governance structures for reusing wastewater.
Ljungberg, Stina. "Drivkrafter och hinder ur ett multifunktionellt perspektiv : Förutsättningar och utvecklingsområden för produktion av biobränsle från våtmarker." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Miljövetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31057.
Full textSweden have already reached several of their goals for energy consumption, but the overall goal to become a fossil free society can still be seen as a driving force to keep developing renewable fuels. There is financial support for wetland construction, reduce impact on the climate, improve the natural environment, for developing new techniques and for biomass fuel plants. Still, cultivation of wetland crops for energy extraction are not yet well established on the energy market. After interviews with actors interested and knowledgeable in this field, this study presents driving forces and barriers affecting the development of this energy source. Driving forces comes from the ambition to move away from fossil fuels, decrease emissions of nutrients, make room for biodiversity, and provide services for the society while helping to reach climate and environmental goals. The barriers affecting this development is that special machines might be needed for handling of the crops and also to harvest the sensitive wetlands while large areas would be needed to increase profitability. The financial support available is not enough to cover the costs for production. Also, the prices on electricity and fossil fuels are low, which lowers the profitability for this type of energy source. Bioenergy producers have not yet found an effective way to extract energy from the crops. All of this makes the demand for energy crops from wetlands small. Despite this, wetlands provide several important ecosystem services and it is therefore recommended to use the management philosophy of multiple-use. With a multifunctional view of wetlands, the value of its ecosystem services can be added to the calculations of energy production and increase its role in reaching several national climate and environmental goals.
Harris, Zoe-Margaret. "GHG balance and carbon mitigation potential of bioenergy crops." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/390656/.
Full textHaney, Paul E. "Corn stalk as a bioenergy resource /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115551.
Full textDefilippi, Filho Luiz Cunali. "Estudo de viabilidade do uso do palhiço para geração de energia na entressafra de uma usina sucroenergética." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10958.
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O setor sucroenergético brasileiro vem se destacando como uma nova opção para a geração de energia elétrica do país de forma renovável e sustentável. Torna-se cada vez mais frequente o uso do palhiço da cana-de-açúcar como fonte adicional de biomassa combustível além do uso tradicional do bagaço. As usinas com centrais termelétricas que comercializam os excedentes de bioeletricidade normalmente operam durante a safra da cana-de-açúcar e ficam paradas durante a entressafra. Este estudo analisa a viabilidade econômica de aproveitar a capacidade ociosa de uma unidade de geração de energia elétrica durante a entressafra, através do estudo de caso de uma usina de cana-de-açúcar na cidade de Iacanga no interior do estado de São Paulo. O trabalho tem como premissa utilizar o palhiço como combustível na safra adicional ao bagaço e armazenar o bagaço para a geração de bioeletricidade na entressafra. Os investimentos necessários para o processamento do palhiço na safra, armazenagem e movimentação do bagaço e custos de operação e manutenção do sistema de geração de energia são apresentados. As análises econômicas do estudo são feitas utilizando os métodos do Valor Presente Líquido (VPL) e da Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR). São feitas também análises de sensibilidade com os dois principais fatores de impacto à rentabilidade, que são o custo do palhiço posto na usina e o valor da energia elétrica vendida. As análises são apresentadas em três cenários variando o total de dias efetivos de geração na entressafra, sendo de 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os resultados indicam que a geração adicional de energia na entressafra, aproveitando a capacidade ociosa da planta na entressafra, tem um VPL de R$-1,136 milhão, R$ 0,698 milhão e R$ 2,511 milhões e uma TIR de 5,47% a.a., 16,98% a.a. e 25,88% a.a., respectivamente. Esses resultados consideraram o custo do palhiço a R$ 70,00.t-1 e a venda da energia a R$170,00.MWh-1. Conclui-se, assim, que o aproveitamento da capacidade ociosa do parque de geração de energia a partir da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar na entressafra tem potencial e viabilidade econômica conforme: o aumento do seu uso; a disponibilidade de biomassa residual (palhiço) a custos competitivos; e preço de venda da bioeletricidade.
The sugar ethanol industry has emerged as a renewable and sustainable option for electricity generation in Brazil. Besides the more traditional use of bagasse, sugarcane trash has become increasingly frequent as an additional source of biomass fuel. The mills with power plants, which sell surplus bioelectricity, normally operate during harvest season and are idle during the off crop. This study examines the economic feasibility of using the idle capacity of electricity generation units during the off crop, through the case study of a sugarcane mill in Iacanga, São Paulo. The analysis assumes the use of sugarcane trash as additional fuel to bagasse and the storage of the excess of bagasse to generate bioelectriciy in the off crop season. The study presents the necessary investments for processing the trash during the harvest season, for storage and handling of bagasse, and the operation and maintenance costs of the power generation system. The economic analysis are performed using the methods of Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Also, sensitivity analysis is made using the two main factors that impact the profitability: the cost of trash at the plant and the amount of electricity sold. The analysis considers three scenarios varying the total days of effective bioelectricity generation during off crop: 30, 60 and 90 days. The results indicate that the additional power generation during the off crop, taking advantage of the mill’s idle capacity, provide a NPV of R$ -1.14 million, R$ 0.70 million and R$ 2.51 million, respectively, and an IRR of 5.5%, 17.0% and 25.9% per year, considering the cost of trash as R$ 70,00 / ton and the sale of energy as R$ 170.00 MW/h. As conclusion, the study shows thatthe use of the mill’s idle capacity for power generation from the biomass of sugarcane in the off crop season has a good potential and presents economic viability, as its increased use generates competitive biomass waste (trash) and if there is competitive prices in the sale of bioelectricity.
Morrison, Eilidh Christina. "Methyl halide and biogenic volatile organic compound fluxes from perennial bioenergy crops and annual arable crops." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8279.
Full textBottoms, Emily L. "Soil greenhouse gas emissions and soil C dynamics in bioenergy crops." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=194783.
Full textIsmayilova, Rubaba Mammad. "An analysis of producing ethanol and electric power from woody residues and agricultural crops in East Texas." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5773.
Full textMartinez-Kawas, Adrian. "A feasibility study of postharvest handling, storage and logistics of bioenergy crops." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16304.
Full textDepartment of Grain Science & Industry
Dirk E. Maier
The feasibility of utilizing cellulosic biomass as an energy feedstock is dominated by factors such as facility location, feedstock availability, and transportation cost. The main goal of this research was to develop a GIS-based method that will generate more accurate biomass residue availability data as input data to biomass supply chain logistics models. This research was carried out in four objectives to ensure that, as improvement parameters were implemented, the methodology remained valid and became more accurate. The first objective compared an existing method to a proposed method to quantify feedstock availability given a facility’s location using a geographical information system. The proposed method proved to be more robust (by a factor of 1.45) than the existing method because it calculates the distance from the facility to farm fields using a real road network, and the acreage of crop-specific fields in a given service area based on crop season specific satellite images. The second objective implemented two improvement parameters to the previously proposed constant removal rate (CRR) method. It examined the effect of field-level yield variance and variable removal rates (VRR) on quantification of the feedstock availability supply for a biorefinery. The new VRR method predicted on average 113,384 ± 38,770 dry tons (DT) of additional residue per service area compared to the CRR method. The third objective further improved the VRR method by utilizing multiple crops as biomass sources and estimating VRR based on crop rotation. On average a 3,793 ± 5,733 DT per service area difference resulted when increasing the number of crop-specific VRR rates used to estimate feedstock quantification. The supplementary use of crop-specific VRR rates affected residue availability given a crop’s residue removal rate is influenced by crop yield, crop rotation, soil characteristics, as well as field location and management. The fourth objective assessed the suitability of potential feedstock storage locations (FSL) to store multi-crop biomass remotely based on a spatial and location-allocation analysis. The sensitivity analysis showed that scenario 2 (16-km; 10-mile service area) appeared to be the more cost-effective option given fewer FSLs (35) were needed and more demand points could be serviced (98.1%) compared to scenario 1 (8-km; 5-mile service area; 62.1% demand points; 50 FSLs), despite presumably higher transportation costs.
Nocentini, Andrea <1986>. "Measured and Modeled C Flows after Land Use Change to Perennial Bioenergy Crops." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7801/1/Measured%20and%20modeled%20C%20flows%20after%20land%20use%20change%20to%20perennial%20bioenergy%20crops_Andrea%20Nocentini.pdf.
Full textSmith, Larissa Lynn. "The Thin Green Line: A Framework for Evaluating the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Crops." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47680.
Full textPh. D.
Panoutsou, Calliope. "Economic and socio-economic evaluation of bioenergy schemes fueled with energy crops in Greece." Thesis, Aston University, 2002. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10748/.
Full textRodjom, Abbey Michaella. "Coproduction of Biomass Crops and Anaerobic Digestion: Effects on the Life Cycle Emissions of Bioenergy and Bioproducts." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1610664975665256.
Full textLunn, Daniel. "Role of Rab GTPase proteins in cell wall deposition and potential use of RabA mutants in bioenergy crops." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14560/.
Full textChang, Hsiaochi. "Assessing Gene Flow in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and Miscanthus spp.:Implications for Bioenergy Crops." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437570556.
Full textThomas, Amy R. C. "Modelling spatial variation and environmental impacts of land use change in the exploitation of land-based renewable bioenergy crops." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52148/.
Full textVon, Doderer Clemens Cornelius Christian. "Viability of producing lignocellulosic biomass in the Cape Winelands District Municipality for bioenergy generation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1646.
Full textThe growing scarcity of fossil energy, expressed by rising real prices, justifies an investigation into the viability of utilising alternative, sustainable energy sources. Another motivation is to mitigate CO2 pollution resulting from using fossil fuels, causing climate change. Biomass has the potential to become a major global primary energy source during the next century. In South Africa, a limited amount of land is suitable for high‐potential biomass energy sources like sugar cane or grain. Large areas of South Africa are, however, dry and more suitable for woody biomass production. Cultivating trees in short‐rotation‐system plantations provides a sustainable and effective way of producing biomass. The first part of this study investigated the physical capacity of the Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM) for woody biomass production in short‐rotation systems, based on a land availability assessment using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The CWDM comprises about 2.3 million hectares, of which about 175 000 ha with a slope of less than 35% have been identified as suitable for woody biomass production. Within the CWDM, the following land use classes were excluded: nonagricultural land, such as urban areas, bare rock and mines; ecologically sensitive areas; as well as areas with slope gradients that are too steep for biomass production, due to limited accessibility and trafficability. This was followed by an assessment of suitable tree species and their productivity rates – also using GIS with climate data (i.e. temperature extremes, frost and mean annual precipitation) and terrain data. By combining the identified biomass production sites with the productivity rates of the identified species, an annual supply of woody biomass for energy generation at a medium productivity of about 1 412 000 tonnes of fresh biomass is expected, using exotic species like Eucalyptus claducalyx ( and about 1 306 000 tonnes, using indigenous species like Acacia karoo).
Nepal, Sandhya. "MODELING SITE SUITABILITY FOR ESTABLISHING DEDICATED ENERGY CROPS IN NORTHERN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/forestry_etds/17.
Full textBarnes, Christopher James. "Characterizing environmental, temporal and spatial scaling of Rhizosphere fungi in bioenergy crops : and their role in below-ground carbon cycling." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/72734/.
Full textVon, Doderer Clemens Cornelius Christian. "Determining sustainable lignocellulosic bioenergy systems in the Cape Winelands District Municipality, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71838.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The energy paradigm shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is driven, among others, by a growing sustainability awareness, necessitating more sophisticated measurements in terms of a wider range of criteria. Technical efficiency, financial profitability, environmental friendliness and social acceptance are some of the factors determining the sustainability of renewable energy systems. The resulting complexity and conflicting decision criteria, however, constitute major barriers to processing the information and decision-making based on the information. Seeking to implement local bioenergy systems, policymakers of the Cape Winelands District Municipality (CWDM), South Africa, are confronted with such a problem. Following a case study approach, this study illustrates how life-cycle assessment (LCA), multi-period budgeting (MPB) and geographic information systems (GIS) can aid the decision-making process by providing financial-economic, socio-economic and environmental friendliness performance data in a structured and transparent manner, allowing for a comparison of the magnitude of each considered criterion along the life-cycle. However, as the environmental impacts cannot readily be expressed in monetary terms on a cardinal scale, these considerations are given less attention or are omitted completely in a market economy. By measuring the various considerations on an ordinal scale and by attaching weights to them using the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) approach, this study, illustrates how to internalise externalities as typical market failures, aiding policymakers of the CWDM to choose the most sustainable bioenergy system. Following the LCA approach, 37 lignocellulosic bioenergy systems, encompassing different combinations of type of harvesting and primary transport, type of pretreatment (comminution, drying, and fast pyrolysis) and location thereof (roadside or landing of the central conversion plant), type of secondary transport from the roadside to the central conversion plant, and type of biomass upgrading and conversion into electricity, were assessed against five financial-economic viability criteria, three socio-economic potential criteria and five environmental impact criteria. The quantitative performance data were then, as part of the MCDA process, translated into a standardised ‘common language’ of relative performance. An expert group attached weights to the considered criteria using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The ‘financial-economic viability’ main criterion received a weight of almost 60%, ‘socio-economic potential’, nearly 25% and ‘lowest environmental impact’, the remainder of around 16%. Taking the prerequisite of financial-economic viability into consideration, the preferred option across all areas of the CWDM (despite various levels of productivity) comprises a feller-buncher for harvesting, a forwarder for primary transportation, mobile comminution at the roadside, secondary transport in truck-container-trailer combinations and an integrated gasification system for the conversion into electricity.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die energie paradigma verandering van fossielbrandstowwe na hernubare energiebronne word gedryf deur ‘n groeiende klem op volhoubaarheid, wat ook meer gesofistikeerde meting in terme van ‘n wyer verskeidenheid maatstawwe vereis. Tegniese doeltreffendheid, finansiële winsgewendheid, omgewingsvriendelikheid en sosiale aanvaarbaarheid is sommige van die faktore wat die volhoubaarheid van hernubare energie stelsels bepaal. Die verskeidenheid oorwegings bring egter kompleksiteit en konflik mee by die verwerking van inligting en die besluitneming wat daarop berus. Beleidmakers van die Kaapse Wynland Distriksmunisipaliteit wat ten doel het om plaaslik bio-energie stelsels te implementeer, word met hierdie probleem gekonfronteer. Hierdie ondersoek illustreer aan die hand van ‘n gevallestudie benadering hoe lewensiklus analise, multiperiode begroting en geografiese inligtingstelsels besluitneming kan ondersteun deur die voorsiening van finansieel-ekonomiese, sosio-ekonomiese (indiensneming) en omgewingsvriendelikheid prestasie data op ‘n gestruktureerde en deursigtige wyse. Dit maak die vergelyking van die waardes van al die kriteria by elke fase van die lewensiklus moontlik. Aangesien die omgewingseffekte nie geredelik in monetêre terme op ‘n kardinale skaal gemeet kan word nie, kry hulle binne die markekonomie minder aandag of word selfs buite rekening gelaat. Deur hierdie verskeidenheid kriteria op ‘n ordinale skaal te meet en gewigte met behulp van multikriteria besluitneming aan hulle toe te ken, toon hierdie ondersoek hoe om eksternaliteite as tipiese markmislukkings te internaliseer om beleidmakers van die Kaapse Wynland Distriksmunisipaliteit in staat te stel om die mees volhoubare bio-energie stelsel te kies. Met behulp van lewensiklus analise is 37 lignosellulose bio-energie stelsels geïdentifiseer as verskillende kombinasies van oes van die bome, primêre vervoer van houtstompe, vooraf verwerking (verspaandering, droging, vinnige pirolise), die ligging van hierdie aktiwiteite (langs ‘n plantasie of by ‘n sentrale omsettingsaanleg), tipe sekondêre vervoer van houtspaanders vanaf die plantasie na die sentrale omsettingsaanleg en tipe biomassa opgradering en omsetting van die houtspaanders na elektrisiteit. Die verskillende stelsels is gemeet aan die hand van vyf finansieel-ekonomiese kriteria, drie indiensneming potensiaal kriteria en vyf omgewingsimpak kriteria. Die kwantitatiewe metings is deur middel van multikriteria besluitneming omgeskakel na ’n gestandaardiseerde “gemeenskaplike taal” van relatiewe prestasie. Lede van ‘n ekspertgroep het gewigte is aan die onderskeie kriteria met behulp van die analitiese hierargie proses toegeken. Aan die finansieel-ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid hoof kriterium is ‘n gewig van by die 60% toegeken, aan die indiensnemingspotensiaal bykans 25% en aan omgewingsvriendelikheid sowat 16%. Die voorkeur kombinasie vir al die areas van die Kaapse Wynland Distriksmunisipaliteit sluit in ‘n saag-bondelaar vir die oesproses, ‘n plantasie-vragmotor vir primêre vervoer, mobiele verspaandering langs die plantasie, ‘n vragmotor-skeepshouer-treiler kombinasies vir die sekondêre vervoer van houtspaanders en ‘n geïntegreerde vergassingstelsel vir die omsetting van houtspaanders na elektrisiteit.
Kostyanovskiy, Kirill Igorevich. "Transformation of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Deep Row Biosolids Incorporation-Hybrid Poplar Plantation in Coastal Plain Mined Land Reclamation Sites." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39473.
Full textPh. D.
Monona, Ewumbua Menyoli. "Evaluating Standard Wet Chemistry Techniques and NIR Spectroscopic Models for Determining Composition and Potential Ethanol Yields of Multi-Species Herbaceous Bioenergy Crops." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29855.
Full textSkarka, Johannes. "Ökobilanzielle Abschätzung der Bereitstellung von Bioenergie : Strom und Wärme aus Gras-, Maissilage, Heu und Pappelhackschnitzeln /." Karlsruhe : Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016530889&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textRaut, Yogendra Y. "Sustainable Bioenergy Feedstock Production Using Long-Term (1999-2014) Conservation Reserve Program Land." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148344789416295.
Full textAdamovska, Jana. "A larger laboratory scale investigation into the thermal liquefaction of high potential 2nd and 3rd generation biofuel feedstocks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95783/1/Jana_Adamovska_Thesis.pdf.
Full textErlwein-Vicuna, Alfredo Nicolas Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] [Ruppert, Martin [Gutachter] Kappas, Renate [Gutachter] Bürger-Arndt, Christoph [Gutachter] Dittrich, Christian [Gutachter] Ahl, and Peter [Gutachter] Schmuck. "Bioenergy resources from waste, energy crops and forest in Los Ríos Region (southern Chile) - A systemic approach based on sustainability on designing a bioenergy area / Alfredo Nicolas Erlwein-Vicuna. Betreuer: Hans Ruppert. Gutachter: Hans Ruppert ; Martin Kappas ; Renate Bürger-Arndt ; Christoph Dittrich ; Christian Ahl ; Peter Schmuck." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105760111/34.
Full textFontanela, Eracilda. "Preparos e propriedades físicas de um solo arenoso para cana-de-acúcar e mandioca no Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3343.
Full textThe growing demand for biofuels as alternative to petroleum-based fuels has instigated increased production of bioenergy crops. The southern half of Rio Grande do Sul, by having limited water resources for the production of soy, has received government incentives for the production of these crops, especially crops of sugar cane and cassava. However, there is need for more precise information regarding the proper management of these crops, and the influences of physical and hydraulic properties and mechanical soil on the growth and development of plants. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the effect of different tillage systems on soil physical attributes, water and soil mechanics and its effects on the productivity of sugar cane and cassava. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the Soils Department, Federal University of Santa Maria in a Hapludalf. In two experiments were planted crops of sugar cane and cassava, in randomized blocks with three replications under different management systems and levels of compression: conventional tillage (CT) no tillage chiseled (NTC) no tillage (NT) and no tillage compacted (NTComp). Soil samples with preserved structure were collected for determination of physico-hydric soil density, pore size distribution curve of water retention, air and water flows, optimal water and compressive parameters: preconsolidation pressure (PP), compression index (CI) and elasticity of the soil. In addition, we calculated the indicators of soil quality: S ratio and relative density (RD) or degree of compression (GC). Soil preparation with mobilization (CT and NTC) alters the compacted soil, reducing soil bulk density and increased macroporosity and total porosity, but these effects are temporary and soil back to become thickened compromising the functionality of soil structure and plant development. A further compaction by traffic loader modifies the structure of Hapludalf, due to the increase in density and changes in distribution of soil pores, reducing macroporosity and total porosity, affecting the conductivity to water and air in the soil. The deeper layers were responsible for increased water storage in the soil. In the culture of cane sugar, NTC and NTComp retains higher water content, while the cassava crop, is the NT and NTC. Yield of both crops in association with the studied parameters, no-till soil management is offering the best physical condition and is indicated for production of sugar cane and cassava.
A crescente demanda de biocombustíveis como alternativa em substituição aos combustíveis derivados de petróleo tem instigado aumento da produção das culturas bioenergéticas. A metade sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, por apresentar limitações hídricas para a produção da soja, tem recebido incentivos governamentais para a produção dessas culturas, em especial às culturas da cana-de-açúcar e da mandioca. No entanto, há necessidade de informações mais precisas quanto ao manejo adequado a essas culturas, e as influências das propriedades físico-hídricas e mecânicas do solo sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou determinar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo nos seus atributos físicos, hídricos e mecânicos e na produtividade da cana-de-açúcar e da mandioca. O estudo foi realizado na área experimental do Departamento de Solos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria em um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distrófico. Em dois experimentos foram plantadas as culturas da cana-de-açúcar e da mandioca, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, sob diferentes sistemas de manejo e níveis de compactação: plantio convencional (PC), escarificado (ESC), plantio direto (PD) e plantio direto compactado (PDC). Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada foram coletadas para determinação dos parâmetros físico-hídricos do solo: densidade, distribuição do tamanho de poros, curva de retenção de água, fluxos de ar e água, intervalo hídrico ótimo e os parâmetros compressivos: pressão de preconsolidação (σp), índice de compressão (IC) e elasticidade do solo. Além disso, foram calculados os indicadores de qualidade do solo: índice S e densidade relativa (DR) ou grau de compactação (GC). O preparo do solo com mobilização (PC e ESC) altera a camada compactada do solo, pela diminuição da sua densidade e aumentando a macroporosidade e a porosidade total, mas esses efeitos são temporários e o solo volta a se tornar adensado comprometendo a funcionalidade da estrutura do solo e o desenvolvimento das plantas. A compactação adicional pelo tráfego da carregadora modifica a estrutura do Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em função do aumento da densidade e alterações na distribuição dos poros do solo, com redução da macroporosidade e porosidade total, comprometendo a condutividade à água e ao ar no solo. As camadas mais profundas foram responsáveis pelo maior armazenamento de água no solo. Na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, o PDC e o ESC retém maior conteúdo de água, enquanto na cultura da mandioca, é o PD e o ESC. Pelo rendimento de ambas as culturas em associação com os parâmetros estudados, o plantio direto é o manejo do solo que oferece as melhores condições físicas, sendo indicado para produção de cana-de-açúcar e mandioca.
Ferreira, Raimundo Nonato Costa. "MicroartrÃpodes do solo em um agroecossistema irrigado com Ãgua da exploraÃÃo de petrÃleo no semiÃrido." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=15426.
Full textEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuÃria
Em regiÃes Ãridas e semiÃridas com campos de exploraÃÃo petrolÃfera, a Ãgua obtida junto com petrÃleo, conhecida como âÃgua produzidaâ (AP), vem sendo considerada para irrigaÃÃo. Devido a importÃncia dos microartrÃpodes para o funcionamento do solo, foram avaliadas as perturbaÃÃes promovidas pela AP sobre esses organismos. No capÃtulo I, foi avaliado se irrigaÃÃo com AP filtrada e AP tratada por osmose reversa, comparado com Ãgua do subsolo captada, altera a estrutura da assembleia de microartrÃpodes do solo em culturas de mamona e girassol em perÃodo seco e chuvoso. A abundÃncia e a riqueza de tÃxons de microartrÃpodes foram afetadas pela irrigaÃÃo e a sazonalidade na mamona. A estrutura da assembleia foi alterada durante a estaÃÃo chuvosa no girassol, e nas duas estaÃÃes na mamona. As perturbaÃÃes promovidas pela AP indicam que a mesofauna do solo pode ser utilizada no monitoramento ambiental da irrigaÃÃo. No capÃtulo II, foi avaliado o efeito da irrigaÃÃo com AP, da AP tratada por osmose reversa e do glutaraldeÃdo, utilizado no tratamento de osmose reversa, sobre os tÃxons da mesofauna na cultura de abacaxi ornamental. Avaliou-se, atravÃs de testes ecotoxicolÃgicos, a reproduÃÃo de Folsomia candida e Enchytraeus crypticus em solo coletado nos tratamentos apÃs um ano de irrigaÃÃo e em solo contaminado com glutaraldeÃdo. A AP influenciou Hymenoptera, Cosmochthonius sp, e Entomobryomorpha. A AP tratada por osmose reversa reduziu a reproduÃÃo de F. candida e E. crypticus e a AP filtrada afetou a reproduÃÃo de E. crypticus. O glutaraldeÃdo reduziu a reproduÃÃo de F. candida. Este estudo revela que a AP e o glutaraldeÃdo afetam os tÃxons da mesofauna reduzindo sua reproduÃÃo no solo. No capÃtulo III as respostas ambientais de Ãcaros Mesostigmata e do restante dos microartrÃpodes foram comparadas. MicroartrÃpodes foram coletados em parcelas irrigadas com as trÃs Ãguas e cultivadas com girassol e mamona e na vegetaÃÃo nativa durante a estaÃÃo seca e chuvosa. As respostas da abundÃncia e riqueza das duas assembleias em relaÃÃo a irrigaÃÃo e sazonalidade foram similares. Os Ãcaros foram afetados pela sazonalidade no girassol e pela irrigaÃÃo na mamona e o resto dos microartrÃpodes por ambos os fatores. Essas assembleias podem ser acessadas para monitorar sazonalidade uso do solo.
In arid and semiarid lands with continental oil fields, the water obtained with oil, known as "produced water" (PW), has been suggested as an alternative source for irrigation. Because the relevance of microarthropods assemblage for the soil, in this study was evaluated the disturbances promoted by the PW on those edaphic organisms. In Chapter I, was assessed whether the irrigation with PW filtered and PW filtered and then treated by reverse osmosis, comparing with groundwater from AÃu aquifer, changes the mesofauna in sunflower and castor bean crops during dry and rainy seasons. PW and seasonality changed the abundance and richness in castor bean. In the sunflower crop, the assemblage structure was different from the aquifer in PW treated by reverse osmosis during the rainy season, while in castor bean that difference occurred in both seasons. Disturbances promoted by PW on mesofauna can be used for environmental monitoring of irrigation. In Chapter II the effects of PW filtered, PW filtered and then treated by reverse osmosis and the glutaraldehyde, commonly used in treatment of PW by reverse osmosis, on microarthropods taxa was assessed in an ornamental pineapple crop. Ecotoxicological tests evaluated the survival and reproduction of Folsomia candida and Enchytraeus crypticus on soil samples collected in the treatments after a year of irrigation and in soil contaminated with glutaraldehyde. PW influenced Hymenoptera, Cosmochthonius sp. and Entomobryomorpha. The PW treated by reverse osmosis reduced reproduction of F. candida and E. crypticus and the PW filtered affected the reproduction of E. crypticus. Glutaraldehyde reduced the reproduction of F. candida. Our study reveals that AP and glutaraldehyde affect the mesofauna taxa reducing their reproduction. In chapter III the environmental responses of total microarthropod and Mesostigmata mites were compared. Microarthropods were assessed in irrigated plots under castor bean and sunflower cultivation, and native vegetation during the dry and rainy seasons. The response of the two assemblages to irrigation and seasonality was similar. Mites were affected by seasonality in the sunflower and by irrigation in castor bean crops, while the total microarthropod have been affected by both factors. Mesostigmata mites or total microarthropd assemblages can be assessed to monitor seasonality and land use.
Ferchaud, Fabien. "Etude des bilans d’eau, d’azote et de carbone dans des agrosystèmes dédiés à la production de biomasse en fonction des espèces et des pratiques culturales." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0037.
Full textSecond generation biofuels could provide renewable energy to the transportation sector while mitigating climate change. However, their greenhouse gas, energy and environmental balances will probably depend on the feedstock used for their production. Bioenergy crops that could be used for second generation biofuels will have to fulfil several requirements, including high productivity, low input requirements, and low environmental impacts. The objective of this work was to assess the water, N and C balances at the plot scale for various bioenergy crops with different management. The study is based on a long term field experiment, called “Biomass & Environment”, established at the INRA experimental station in Estrées-Mons, northern France. This experiment includes two perennial C4 crops (Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass), two semi-perennial forage C3 crops (fescue and alfalfa) and two annual C4/C3 crops (fibre sorghum and triticale). It compares two nitrogen treatments and two dates of harvest of perennial crops: early (October) or late harvest (February). Measurements have been carried out on: i) biomass production; ii) soil water stocks, monitored continuously during 7 years; iii) root depth and density; iv) drainage and nitrate concentration in drained water, assessed from soil water and mineral N content measurements (in mid-autumn and late winter) and using the STICS model; v) soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in 2006 and 2011-2012; vi) the fate of 15N-labelled fertiliser applied during 4 or 5 successive years.Thanks to their deep rooting system, perennial and semi-perennial crops consumed more water than annual crops. The amount of drained water was lower under semi-perennial than annual crops (64 vs. 133 mm yr-1 average over 7 years), despite an equivalent biomass production. It was intermediate under perennial crops (56-137 mm yr-1) and negatively correlated to biomass production, itself depending on crop species and N rate. Nitrate concentration in drained water varied between 2 and 23 mg l-1. It was generally lower under perennial than other crops, except for miscanthus on the first year of measurement. SOC stocks increased markedly over time under semi-perennial crops (+0.93 t C ha-1 yr-1), whereas no significant change occurred under perennial and annual crops. The 15N recovery in the harvested biomass was lower for perennial than other crops, particularly when harvested late, but compensated by a higher 15N recovery in belowground organs and soil. The overall 15N recovery in the soil-plant system was 69% in perennials, 61% in semi-perennials and 56% in annual crops, suggesting that important fertiliser losses occurred through volatilisation and denitrification. In our pedo-climatic conditions, the C4 perennial crops performed best in terms of production, water and nitrogen use efficiency, and nitrogen losses towards the groundwater and the atmosphere. However, only semi-perennial crops yielded in SOC sequestration