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Journal articles on the topic 'Bioelectricity use'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Khatiwada, Dilip, Pallav Purohit, and Emmanuel Kofi Ackom. "Mapping Bioenergy Supply and Demand in Selected Least Developed Countries (LDCs): Exploratory Assessment of Modern Bioenergy’s Contribution to SDG7." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247091.

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Bioenergy can play an important role in achieving the agreed United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and implementing the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, thereby advancing climate goals, food security, better land use, and sustainable energy for all. In this study, we assess the surplus agricultural residues availability for bioelectricity in six least developed countries (LDCs) in Asia and Africa, namely Bangladesh, Lao-PDR, and Nepal in Asia; and Ethiopia, Malawi, and Zambia in Africa, respectively. The surplus agricultural residues have been estimated using residue-to-product ratio (RPR), agricultural residues lost in the collection, transportation and storage, and their alternative applications. We use a linear regression model to project the economic potential of bioelectricity. The contribution of bioelectricity for meeting the LDCs’ electricity requirements is estimated in a time frame between 2017 and 2030. Our results reveal that the surplus biomass feedstock available from the agriculture sector could provide the total current electricity demand in Malawi alone, followed by Nepal (45%), Bangladesh (29%), Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao-PDR) (29%), Ethiopia (27%), and Zambia (13%). This study also explores the complementarity and synergies of bioelectricity, SDG7, and their interlinkages with other SDGs. Findings from the study show that providing access to sustainable energy in the LDCs to meet the SDG7 by 2030 might be a challenge due to limited access to technology, infrastructure, and finance. Site-specific investigations on how much agricultural residues could be extracted in an environmentally benign manner for bioelectricity and increased investment in the bioenergy sector are key potential solutions in a myriad of options required to harness the full energy potential in the LDCs.
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2

Rusyn, I. B., V. V. Vakuliuk, and O. V. Burian. "Prospects of use of Caltha palustris in soil plant-microbial eco-electrical biotechnology." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021935.

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Soil plant-microbial biosystems are a promising sustainable technology, resulting in electricity as final product. Soil microbes convert organic products of plant photosynthesis and transfer electrons through an electron transport chain onto electrodes located in soil. This article presents a study of prospects for the generation of bioelectricity by a soil plant-microbial electro-biotechnological system with Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae), a marshy winter-hardy plant that develops early in the spring and is widespread in the moderate climatic zone, in clay-peat medium and with introduction of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Lumbricidae). The experiment was carried out in the wetlands of the Ukrainian Polissya and the Carpathian mountains in situ, and on the balconies and terraces of buildings to assess the possibilities of using green energy sources located directly in buildings. The electrodes were placed stationary in the soil to measure the values of bioelectric potential and current strength. We monitored the bioelectricity indices in open circle and under load using external resistors, and calculated the current density and power density, normalized to the soil surface covered by plants and electrodes. The revealed high maximal values of the bioelectric potential, 1454.1 mV, and current, 11.2 mA, and high average bioelectricity values in optimal natural conditions in wetlands in situ make C. palustris a promising component of soil plant-microbial bio-electrotechnology. We analyzed the influence of temperature and precipitation on the functioning of the soil plant-microbial biosystem. The use of thickets of C. palustris in wetlands in situ, as a stable source of plant-microbial eco-electricity in the summer, is complicated by the fact that the plant sensitively reacts to long periods of high temperature and periods of drought, which is accompanied by decrease in the level of bioelectric parameters. The cultivation of the marsh plant C. palustris as a component of electro-biosystems is possible on terraces and balconies of buildings. The cultivation of C. palustris in clay-peat soil with electrode system for production of eco-electricity on shaded balconies and terraces of buildings requires optimal irrigation, lighting, and introduction of L. terrestris into the substrate, which increase the bioelectricity values of this biotechnology.
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3

Rusyn, I. B., and K. R. Hamkalo. "Use of Carex hirta in electro-biotechnological systems on green roofs." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021906.

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Production of bioelectricity from substrates with growing plants and developing microorganisms is the newest technology of alternative energetics that has great perspectives. The efforts of scientists around the world are aimed at improving biotechnology: the development of effective electrode systems for the collection of plant-microbial bioelectricity, the search for new plants, suitable for technology, testing of new substrates for the development of plants. In this paper, we presented tests of new model electro-biosystems (EBS) consisting of graphite-zinc-steelical systems of electrodes with stainless steel elements placed in plastic containers with soil substrate and planted sedges Carex hirta. The experiment was conducted during the year on the roofs of a university building in the climatic conditions of the Western Ukrainian region to assess the functioning of the electro-biosystems in outdoor conditions. We analyzed the different types of electrode placement in containers: with the horizontal alocation of the electrodes under the root system, with the vertical placement cathodes and anodes in a container and with the increased contact area of the cathodes with the substrate and reinforced connecting of cathodes with each other. During the experiment, we monitored the bioelectric potential of the samples which were in an open circle and under load of an external resistor. To analyze short-term voltage and current, polarization measurements were performed by changing the external resistance from 10 Ω to 5 kΩ, and the current strength, current density and power density were calculated. The conducted experiments showed C. hirta can be successfully cultivated on green roofs in open soil in the climatic conditions of the Western Ukrainian region. The studied electro-biosystems operate round-the-year as the plants are frost-resistant. Metereological conditions, especially the temperature and precipitation intensity, affect the electro-performance of the electro-biosystems on the roofs. The maximum average weekly current of 21.36 mA was recorded in May at optimum temperatures and a favourable humidity level, with an average temperature of 11.4 °C and rainfall of 5.39 mm/day. The electrical performance of electro-biosystems decreases during the winter and dry periods without an organized irrigation system. During the winter period, electrode systems are damaged by adverse factors. The configuration of the electrode system EBS3 is less susceptible to breakdowns due to the destructive action of water during freezing in the winter and more effective in collecting bioelectricity. The research represented in the paper is one more step towards improving bioelectricity technology on green roofs.
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4

De La Cruz –Noriega, Magaly, Segundo Rojas-Flores, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, Daniel Delfín-Narciso, Walter Rojas-Villacorta, and Felix Diaz. "Potential Use of Mango Waste and Microalgae Spirulina sp. for Bioelectricity Generation." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 78, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.78.3.31117.

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Potential use of organic waste and microalgae generates bioelectricity and thereby reduces harmful effects on the environment. These residues are used due to their high content of electron-generating microorganisms. However, so far, they have not been used simultaneously. Therefore, this research uses mango waste and microalgae Spirulina sp. in double-chamber microbial fuel cells to generate bioelectricity. The cells were made at a laboratory scale using zinc and copper electrodes, achieving a maximum current and voltage of 7.5948 ± 0.3109 mA and 0.84546 ± 0.314 V, with maximum electrical conductivity of the substrate being 157.712 ± 4.56 mS/cm and an optimum operating pH being 5.016 ± 0.086. The cells showed a low internal resistance of approximately 205.056 ± 25 Ω, and a maximum power density of 657.958 ± 21.114 mW/cm2 at a current density of 4.484 A/cm2. This research provides an excellent opportunity for mango farmers and exporting and importing companies because they can use their own waste to reduce their electricity costs when this prototype is brought to a large scale.
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5

Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, Daniel Delfín-Narciso, Luis Angelats-Silva, and Emzon Murga-Torres. "Use of Banana Waste as a Source for Bioelectricity Generation." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050942.

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The large amounts of organic waste thrown into the garbage without any productivity, and the increase in the demand for electrical energy worldwide, has led to the search for new eco-friendly ways of generating electricity. Because of this, microbial fuel cells have begun to be used as a technology to generate bioelectricity. The main objective of this research was to generate bioelectricity through banana waste using a low-cost laboratory-scale method, achieving the generation of maximum currents and voltages of 3.71667 ± 0.05304 mA and 1.01 ± 0.017 V, with an optimal pH of 4.023 ± 0.064 and a maximum electrical conductivity of the substrate of 182.333 ± 3.51 µS/cm. The FTIR spectra of the initial and final substrate show a decrease in the peaks belonging to phenolic compounds, alkanes, and alkenes, mainly. The maximum power density was 5736.112 ± 12.62 mW/cm2 at a current density of 6.501 A/cm2 with a peak voltage of 1006.95 mV. The molecular analysis of the biofilm formed on the anode electrode identified the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100%), and Paenalcaligenes suwonensis (99.09%), Klebsiella oxytoca (99.39%) and Raoultella terrigena (99.8%), as the main electricity generators for this type of substrate. This research gives a second use to the fruit with benefits for farmers and companies dedicated to exporting and importing because they can reduce their expenses by using their own waste.
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6

Rastogi, Rohit, Mamta Saxena, Devendra K. Chaturvedi, Mayank Gupta, Neha Gupta, Deepanshu Rustagi, Sunny Yadav, and Pranav Sharma. "Application of Kirlian Captures and Statistical Analysis of Human Bioelectricity and Energy of Different Organs." International Journal of Health Systems and Translational Medicine 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhstm.2021070102.

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Bioelectricity occurs inside a living organism. It is nature through which living beings survive. It is a phenomenon through which organisms live and is also parallel to electrophysiology. Bioelectric potentials are generated by many biological processes. Bioelectric potentials are very like electrical potentials, which are generated by batteries. The bioelectric potential in a cell membrane has a potential of about 500 milli volts. Cells use their potential to control metabolic processes. But some cells use them differently for psychological functions. Cells allow the potential to be between inside and outside to discharge current to the nerves. The transportation of sodium ions is also involved in production of action potential, the ancient Indian vedic yajna, mantra, and meditation science has been proved effective to increase this bioelectricity. In this manuscript, the authors examined the different energy distribution of subjects on different organs.
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7

Marks, Joshua, Johan Kirkel, Patrick Sekoai, Christopher Enweremadu, and Michael Daramola. "Effect of Combining Different Substrates and Inoculum Sources on Bioelectricity Generation and COD Removal in a Two-Chambered Microbial FuelCell: A Preliminary Investigation." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0055.

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AbstractIn recent years, fuel cells have become a renewable source of energy. Among different kinds of fuel cells, microbial fuel cells, which convert organic substrates to electricity by electrogenic bacteria have attracted most attention. In this study, which is preliminary in nature, potential of electricity generation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal were studied in a two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor. Effect of type of feedstock and inoculum source on bioelectricity generation and COD removal was studied as well. Brewery wastewater and potato waste were used as substrates while anaerobic sludge and cow dung were used as inoculum sources. The substrate and inoculum sources were in 8.2:1 ratio and a phosphate buffer was added to the anode compartment to regulate the pH. The system was operated at 30 °C and a home-made membrane served as a bridge between the electrodes. A maximum voltage of 3.6 mV was generated from the brewery wastewater sludge and the maximum COD removal after 3 days was 43.7 %. It was further found that the use of animal dung as inoculum source outperformed the use of sludge as regard the bioelectricity generation but not for COD removal. Similarly, the use of the brewery waste as an organic substrate outperformed the use of potato waste as regard the bioelectricity generation but not for COD removal. All experiments yielded a measurable voltage, however, the unsteady behaviour of the voltage output made it difficult to compare substrates in terms of their viability as organic fuel. Therefore, future studies should consider conducting substrate physico-chemical analysis and genomic analysis of the inoculum sources to understand their composition.
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8

Das, Anushka. "Dye Degradation Using Microbial Fuel Cells: A Critical Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47714.

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Abstract: An MFC or Microbial Fuel Cell is used for treating wastewater and simultaneously helps decolorize azo dyes by using microorganisms as the catalyst. Its primary function is bioelectricity generation, which is very well-established in this field. The degradation of dyes using MFCs has still not been published on a large scale for the bioelectricity generation using the same. This review gives an overview of the whole process and discusses certain factors that might affect the dye degradation process. There are several limitations to this process. The most major one is the high cost of the cathode catalyst. This problem can mainly be solved by making use of a biocathode. The most used microorganisms in this process include Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas
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9

Segundo, Rojas-Flores, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Nélida Milly Otiniano, Santiago M. Benites, Mario Esparza, and Renny Nazario-Naveda. "Use of Onion Waste as Fuel for the Generation of Bioelectricity." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030625.

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The enormous environmental problems that arise from organic waste have increased due to the significant population increase worldwide. Microbial fuel cells provide a novel solution for the use of waste as fuel for electricity generation. In this investigation, onion waste was used, and managed to generate maximum peaks of 4.459 ± 0.0608 mA and 0.991 ± 0.02 V of current and voltage, respectively. The conductivity values increased rapidly to 179,987 ± 2859 mS/cm, while the optimal pH in which the most significant current was generated was 6968 ± 0.286, and the ° Brix values decreased rapidly due to the degradation of organic matter. The microbial fuel cells showed a low internal resistance (154,389 ± 5228 Ω), with a power density of 595.69 ± 15.05 mW/cm2 at a current density of 6.02 A/cm2; these values are higher than those reported by other authors in the literature. The diffractogram spectra of the onion debris from FTIR show a decrease in the most intense peaks, compared to the initial ones with the final ones. It was possible to identify the species Pseudomona eruginosa, Acinetobacter bereziniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Yarrowia lipolytica adhered to the anode electrode at the end of the monitoring using the molecular technique.
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10

Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Orlando Pérez-Delgado, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Henry Rojales-Alfaro, Santiago M. Benites, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, and Nélida Milly Otiniano. "Potential Use of Papaya Waste as a Fuel for Bioelectricity Generation." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2021): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101799.

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Papaya (Carica papaya) waste cause significant commercial and environmental damage, mainly due to the economic losses and foul odours they emit when decomposing. Therefore, this work provides an innovative way to generate electricity for the benefit of society and companies dedicated to the import and export of this fruit. Microbial fuel cells are a technology that allows electricity generation. These cells were produced with low-cost materials using zinc and copper electrodes; while a 150 mL polymethylmethacrylate tube was used as a substrate collection chamber (papaya waste). Maximum values of 0.736 ± 0.204 V and 5.57 ± 0.45 mA were generated, while pH values increased from 3.848 to 8.227 ± 0.35 and Brix decreased slowly from the first day. The maximum power density value was 878.38 mW/cm2 at a current density of 7.245 A/cm2 at a maximum voltage of 1072.77 mV. The bacteria were identified with an identity percentage of 99.32% for Achromobacter xylosoxidans species, 99.93% for Acinetobacter bereziniae, and 100.00% for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. This research gives a new way for the use of papaya waste for bioelectricity generation.
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11

Hochman, Gal, and Chrysostomos Tabakis. "The Potential Implications of the Introduction of Bioelectricity in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 7602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187602.

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We investigate the bioelectricity potential of South Korea and the ramifications of the introduction of biomass use in electricity production for the Korean electricity market. The novelty of our study lies in that we consider a broad portfolio of biomass-energy technologies and carefully analyze their potential economic and environmental implications for South Korea given its biomass availability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to attempt this in the context of South Korea. We first offer a preliminary assessment of South Korea’s theoretical biomass potential from forestry residues, livestock manure, and staple crops and of the amount of electricity that could be generated using these different biomass feedstocks. Our analysis suggests that biomass can be used to produce a substantial portion of the total electricity consumed annually in South Korea. In addition, out of all the feedstocks and technologies considered, pyrolysis of forestry residues could potentially impact the electricity market the most. Next, we simulate different bioelectricity supply shocks while randomly perturbing our model’s demand and supply elasticity parameters using the Monte Carlo methodology. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of bioelectricity could significantly affect South Korea’s electricity market as well as its CO2 emissions.
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12

Colley, Tracey Anne, Judith Valerian, Michael Zwicky Hauschild, Stig Irving Olsen, and Morten Birkved. "Addressing Nutrient Depletion in Tanzanian Sisal Fiber Production Using Life Cycle Assessment and Circular Economy Principles, with Bioenergy Co-Production." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168881.

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Nutrient depletion in Tanzanian sisal production has led to yield decreases over time. We use nutrient mass balances embedded within a life cycle assessment to quantify the extent of nutrient depletion for different production systems, and then used circular economy principles to identify potential cosubstrates from within the Tanzanian economy to anaerobically digest with sisal wastes. The biogas produced was then used to generate bioelectricity and the digestate residual can be used as a fertilizer to address the nutrient depletion. Life cycle assessment was used in a gate-to-gate assessment of the anaerobic digestion options with different cosubstrates. If no current beneficial use of the cosubstrate was assumed, then beef manure and marine fish processing waste were the best cosubstrates. If agricultural wastes were assumed to have a current beneficial use as fertilizer, then marine fish processing waste and human urine were the best cosubstrates. The largest reduction in environmental impacts resulted from bioelectricity replacing electricity from fossil fuels in the national electricity grid and improved onsite waste management practices. There is significant potential to revitalize Tanzanian sisal production by applying circular economy principles to sisal waste management to address soil nutrient depletion and co-produce bioenergy.
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13

González-Moreno, Humberto Raymundo, José Luis Marín-Muníz, Eddy Sánchez-Dela-Cruz, Carlos Nakase, Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel, David Reyes-Gonzalez, Noemí Nava-Valente, and Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo. "Bioelectricity Generation and Production of Ornamental Plants in Vertical Partially Saturated Constructed Wetlands." Water 13, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020143.

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Energy production in constructed wetlands is a little-known field, as is the operation of vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands (VPS-CWs) that promote both aerobic and anaerobic microbial interactions. By doing so, bacterial degradation is increased, becoming the main mechanism of pollutant removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). For the first time, the generation of bioelectricity, together with the production of ornamental plants in vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands during the treatment of domestic wastewater, was evaluated. Six VPS-CW systems functioned as bioelectricity generators, where the systems were filled with red volcanic gravel and activated carbon as anode and cathode. Three systems were planted with Zantedeschia aethiopica and three with Canna hybrids plants. The development was measured through mother plants and shoots produced every 60 days. The input and output of each VPS-CW was monitored using control parameters such as BOD5, phosphates (P-PO4), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Bioelectricity, power, voltage, and current measurements were performed every 15 days for a period of 7 months. It was found that the VPS-CWs used as biobatteries in combination with the use of domestic wastewater as a substrate improved the development of the two evaluated plant species and stimulated growth and germination of new shoots. No significant differences were found between the different treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, an average efficient removal of BOD5 (98%) for both systems without statistical differences was observed (p ≤ 0.05), but for TKN and P-PO4, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between systems planted with Z. aethiopica (TKN: 65%; P-PO4: 20%) and Canna hybrids (TKN: 69%; P-PO4: 27%). This method of water treatment and bioelectricity production with Canna hybrids was an efficient system that generated a great electric current (140 mA/m2), voltage (750 mV), and electric power (15 mW/m2), compared with those observed in systems with Z. aethiopica (60 mA/m2, 500 mV, 9 mA/m2).
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14

González-Moreno, Humberto Raymundo, José Luis Marín-Muníz, Eddy Sánchez-Dela-Cruz, Carlos Nakase, Oscar Andrés Del Ángel-Coronel, David Reyes-Gonzalez, Noemí Nava-Valente, and Luis Carlos Sandoval-Herazo. "Bioelectricity Generation and Production of Ornamental Plants in Vertical Partially Saturated Constructed Wetlands." Water 13, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020143.

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Energy production in constructed wetlands is a little-known field, as is the operation of vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands (VPS-CWs) that promote both aerobic and anaerobic microbial interactions. By doing so, bacterial degradation is increased, becoming the main mechanism of pollutant removal in constructed wetlands (CWs). For the first time, the generation of bioelectricity, together with the production of ornamental plants in vertical partially saturated constructed wetlands during the treatment of domestic wastewater, was evaluated. Six VPS-CW systems functioned as bioelectricity generators, where the systems were filled with red volcanic gravel and activated carbon as anode and cathode. Three systems were planted with Zantedeschia aethiopica and three with Canna hybrids plants. The development was measured through mother plants and shoots produced every 60 days. The input and output of each VPS-CW was monitored using control parameters such as BOD5, phosphates (P-PO4), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN). Bioelectricity, power, voltage, and current measurements were performed every 15 days for a period of 7 months. It was found that the VPS-CWs used as biobatteries in combination with the use of domestic wastewater as a substrate improved the development of the two evaluated plant species and stimulated growth and germination of new shoots. No significant differences were found between the different treatments (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, an average efficient removal of BOD5 (98%) for both systems without statistical differences was observed (p ≤ 0.05), but for TKN and P-PO4, significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found between systems planted with Z. aethiopica (TKN: 65%; P-PO4: 20%) and Canna hybrids (TKN: 69%; P-PO4: 27%). This method of water treatment and bioelectricity production with Canna hybrids was an efficient system that generated a great electric current (140 mA/m2), voltage (750 mV), and electric power (15 mW/m2), compared with those observed in systems with Z. aethiopica (60 mA/m2, 500 mV, 9 mA/m2).
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Ribeiro, Vanessa Rosana, Héctor David Delgado Osório, Amanda Canterle Ulrich, Tiele Medianeira Rizzetti, Andréa Sanchez Barrios, Rosana de Cassia de Souza Schneider, and Lisianne Brittes Benitez. "The use of microalgae-microbial fuel cells in wastewater bioremediation and bioelectricity generation." Journal of Water Process Engineering 48 (August 2022): 102882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.102882.

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16

Cachay, Jaime, David Vargas, and Brandon Leyva. "Swine wastewater treatment using microbial fuel cells for bioelectricity generation." Agroindustrial Science 12, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2022.01.07.

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The search for potential solutions to treat wastewater and provide added value motivate the objective of this study, which was to evaluate the efficiency and performance of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) in generating bioelectricity from the treatment of effluents from a pig farm,consideringits performance with and without the use of inoculum. Threedouble chamber biocells were built and two treatments were implemented for 13 days withhourly voltage monitoring. In the first treatment, the autochthonous microorganisms of the wastewater were used and in the second, bovine manure was used as a source of inoculum. The effluent presented low biodegradability (BOD5/ COD = 0.22), in addition, removals greater than 80% and 67% were achieved for COD and BOD5respectively, attributed firstto the sedimentation of the effluent solids. The electrical parameters were very low compared to other investigations, reaching an average voltage lower than 200 mV and the coulombic efficiency lower than 0.1%. Statistically the treatments did not have significant differences in the removal of COD and BOD5, the mean voltage and coulombic efficiency. Finally, it was possible to generate bioelectricity but at a very low efficiency, which makes it important to investigate how to optimize the process.
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Abdallah, Yomna K., and Alberto T. Estevez. "BIOACTIVE DEVICES AS SELF-SUFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION IN ARCHITECTURE." Journal of Green Building 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.16.2.3.

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ABSTRACT Using bioenergy systems in architecture provides energy by means of negative emissions technologies (NETs). It plays an important role in stabilizing CO2 emissions at low levels. This depends on options of low life cycle emissions (for instance, a sustainable use of biomass residues), and on outcomes that are site-specific and rely on efficient integrated systems that convert biomass into bioenergy. The objective of this study is to develop self-sufficient systems that generate bioelectricity and offer safety, electricity generation efficiency, cost-effectiveness, waste treatment, integration in domestic use, ease of use, reproducibility and availability. The study also intends to elaborate a general design method of embedding and utilizing microorganisms into architectural elements to achieve design ecology, introducing a multidisciplinary research application through a design theory aspect. The study is based on previous experimental work conducted by the authors. Microbial fuel cell technology was applied to exploit the natural potential of a fungal strain that was identified and optimized to be implemented in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) to generate electricity. The outcomes were included in the self-sufficient cluster design that meets the aforementioned conditions. The novelty of this study is the direct use of a bioreactor of MFCs in a design application for bioelectricity production. It aims to reduce the currently high global CO2 emissions that come from the energy supply sector (47%) and from the building sector (3%), as well as to eliminate the need for large-scale infrastructure intervention. This self-sufficient bio-electricity cluster therefore outweighs other abiotic renewable energy resources such as solar energy or wind power.
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Rusyn, Iryna, and Кhrystyna Hamkalo. "Electro-biosystems with mosses on the green roofs." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.1.22212.

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The article presents the research of bioelectricity generation by electro-biosystems with mosses in containers with a soil substrate and a graphite-Zn-steel system of electrodes on green roofs during the autumn-winter-spring period. It is revealed that the optimum conditions for the functioning of electro-biosystems is the temperature above +10°С with simultaneous regular humidification of the soil. In these conditions, an average current of 19.50 mA was recorded. Electro-biosystems react by lowering in the level of produced bioelectric potential and current strength at temperature drops below 10°C, and in particular at frosts, and also, in the long absence of atmospheric precipitation. Electro-biosystems with mosses to varying degrees survived the winter period: in a significant part of them, connections between the electrodes was damaged due to the effect of frozen water or/and freezing of plants. The most optimal configuration of the electrode system for generating bioelectricity, which functions at the initial level after winter time, is established. Thermo-insulated electro-biosystems with mosses under the conditions of regular humidification have prospects of their use on green roofs of buildings after general increase of the generated bioelectric potential and current strength.
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Luk, Jason M., Mohammad Pourbafrani, Bradley A. Saville, and Heather L. MacLean. "Ethanol or Bioelectricity? Life Cycle Assessment of Lignocellulosic Bioenergy Use in Light-Duty Vehicles." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 18 (September 17, 2013): 10676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4006459.

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Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Santiago M. Benites, Moisés Gallozzo-Cardenas, Daniel Delfín-Narciso, and Félix Díaz. "Use of Pineapple Waste as Fuel in Microbial Fuel Cell for the Generation of Bioelectricity." Molecules 27, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 7389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27217389.

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The excessive use of fossil sources for the generation of electrical energy and the increase in different organic wastes have caused great damage to the environment; these problems have promoted new ways of generating electricity in an eco-friendly manner using organic waste. In this sense, this research uses single-chamber microbial fuel cells with zinc and copper as electrodes and pineapple waste as fuel (substrate). Current and voltage peaks of 4.95667 ± 0.54775 mA and 0.99 ± 0.03 V were generated on days 16 and 20, respectively, with the substrate operating at an acid pH of 5.21 ± 0.18 and an electrical conductivity of 145.16 ± 9.86 mS/cm at two degrees Brix. Thus, it was also found that the internal resistance of the cells was 865.845 ± 4.726 Ω, and a maximum power density of 513.99 ± 6.54 mW/m2 was generated at a current density of 6.123 A/m2, and the final FTIR spectrum showed a clear decrease in the initial transmittance peaks. Finally, from the biofilm formed on the anodic electrode, it was possible to molecularly identify the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus with 99.82% accuracy. In this way, this research provides a method that companies exporting and importing this fruit may use to generate electrical energy from its waste.
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Chatzikonstantinou, D., A. Tremouli, K. Papadopoulou, G. Kanellos, I. Lampropoulos, and G. Lyberatos. "Bioelectricity production from fermentable household waste in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 11 (September 10, 2018): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18796935.

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In this study, the use of a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell for the production of bioelectricity from a food residue biomass (FORBI) product was investigated. Food residue biomass was produced by drying and shredding the pre-sorted fermentable fraction of household food waste collected door-to-door in the Municipality of Halandri, Athens, Greece. Different organic loads of food residue biomass expressed as chemical oxygen demand (COD) were examined (0.7, 0.9, 1.4, 2.8, 6 and 14 g COD L−1, respectively). It was observed that an increase of the initial concentration of the final extract resulted in a corresponding increase in the operating time. The microbial fuel cell potential increased from 33.3 mV to 46 mV as the concentration was increased from 0.7 to 14 g COD L−1. The best performance in terms of maximum power density (29.6 mW m−2) corresponding to a current density of 88 mA m−2 was observed for 6 g COD L−1. Setting the external resistance at its optimal value (Rext = 2 kΩ) as determined by polarisation experiments, Pyield drastically increased to 13.7 and 17.3 Joule (g FORBI)−1 in two consecutive cycles. The results demonstrate that readily biodegradable substrates, such as food residue biomass, can be effectively used for enhanced bioelectricity harvesting in a microbial fuel cell.
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Monteiro, Olivia, Anand Bhaskar, Io Nam Wong, Anna K. M. Ng, and Daniel T. Baptista-Hon. "Teaching bioelectricity and neurophysiology to medical students using LabAXON simulations." Advances in Physiology Education 45, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00054.2021.

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Patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings of neuronal activity require a large amount of space and equipment. The technique is difficult to master and not conducive to demonstration to more than a few medical students. Therefore, neurophysiological education is mostly limited to classroom-based pedagogies such as lectures. However, the demonstration of concepts such as changes in membrane potential and ion channel activity is best achieved with hands-on approaches. This article details an in silico activity suitable for large groups of medical students that demonstrates the key concepts in neurophysiology using the LabAXON simulation software. Learning activities in our practical include 1) measurements of voltage and time parameters of the neuronal action potential and its relationship to the Nernst potentials of Na+ and K+; 2) determination of the stimulus threshold to evoke action potentials; 3) demonstration of the refractory period of an action potential; and 4) voltage-clamp experiments to determine the current-voltage relationship of voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels and the voltage dependence of, and recovery from, inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels. We emphasized the accuracy of quantitative measurements as well as the correct use of units. The level of difficulty of the activity can be altered through different multiple choice questions relating to material introduced in the associated lectures. This practical activity is suitable for different class sizes and is adaptable for delivery with online platforms. Student feedback showed that the students felt the activity helped them consolidate their understanding of the lecture material.
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Lyrio de Oliveira, Lucas, Iván García Kerdan, Celma de Oliveira Ribeiro, Claudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento, Erik Eduardo Rego, Sara Giarola, and Adam Hawkes. "Modelling the technical potential of bioelectricity production under land use constraints: A multi-region Brazil case study." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 123 (May 2020): 109765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109765.

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Guido, Andrea, Vinicius Rafael Bianchi, and Leonardo de Barros Pinto. "ANÁLISE DAS BARREIRAS DE ESCOAMENTO DA BIOELETRICIDADE GERADA NA INDÚSTRIA SUCROALCOOLEIRA." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p243-247.

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Este trabalho objetivou analisar as principais barreiras para o escoamento da energia elétrica gerada por meio da queima do bagaço da cana na indústria sucroalcooleira. Para tanto, foram consideradas as informações obtidas por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e aplicação de instrumentos de coleta de dados a informantes chave de empresas do setor, estas situadas nos Estados de São Paulo e Goiás, além de outras instituições envolvidas no setor: na pesquisa, na organização, dentre outros. Como resultado, houve a possibilidade de apontar os entraves, sobretudo, de caráter econômico, financeiro e político, que atuam como barreiras ao escoamento da bioeletricidade obtida a partir da indústria sucroalcooleira, bem como traçar perspectivas, ou apontar medidas para o desenvolvimento do setor.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: bioeletricidade, sucroalcooleiro, usina de açúcar e álcool. ANALYSIS OF THE BARRIERS ON SUGAR-ALCOHOL INDUSTRY SPARE ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONABSTRACT: This work aimed to analyze the main barriers to the use and distribution of electricity generated bysugarcane bagasse combustion in sugar and alcohol industry. The data used was obtained through bibliographic research and from key informants of companies in the sector, located in the States of Sao Paulo and Goias, as well as other institutions involved in the sector: in research, in organization, among others. . It was possible to point out the obstacles, especially of economic, financial and political nature, which act as barriers to the disposal of bioelectricity obtained from the sugar and alcohol industry, as well as to outline perspectives or to point out measures to the development of the sector.KEYWORDS: bioelectricity, sugar and ethanol, sugar cane plant.
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May, André, Evandro Henrique Figueiredo Moura da Silva, Michelli de Souza dos Santos, Ronaldo da Silva Viana, Flávia Cristina dos Santos, and Manoel Ricardo de Albuquerque Filho. "Use of biomass sorghum for the bioremediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 9 (August 13, 2020): e95996770. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6770.

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Heavy metal-contaminated areas are a recurring problem in a society that increasingly demands fossil fuels, pesticides and fertilizers. Traditional methods to recover these areas are generally very expensive, and phytoremediation can be a solution for their decontamination by removing these contaminants from the soil through the harvest of the plants grown in the affected site, as these elements are extracted from the soil. The harvested part can be used for non-food purposes, such as energy production. In this scenario, the sorghum plant emerges as an alternative owing to its high ability to accumulate biomass in a short time and bioelectricity production potential. This study proposes to examine the use of biomass sorghum for the bioremediation of environments contaminated with the heavy metals Cu and Ni. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Jaguariúna - SP, Brazil, using four doses of Ni (0, 10.5, 47 and 210 mg kg-1) and Cu (0, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1). The sorghum plants exhibited good development even at the highest Cu and Ni doses applied to the soil. The highest levels of Cu and Ni were concentrated in the roots. Biomass sorghum can be indicated for the phytoremediation of environments contaminated with Cu and Ni.
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Parra, Christian R., Adriana Corrêa-Guimarães, Luis Manuel Navas-Gracia, Ricardo A. Narváez C., Daniel Rivadeneira, Darío Rodríguez, and Angel D. Ramirez. "Bioenergy on Islands: An Environmental Comparison of Continental Palm Oil vs. Local Waste Cooking Oil for Electricity Generation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113806.

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Energy security on islands is a challenging issue due to their isolation from energy markets and fossil fuel dependence. In addition, islands’ average energy intensity has increased in recent years due to economic development. This research explores the environmental performance of two alternative non-variable bioelectricity feedstocks to increase energy resilience on islands. The study was developed for the Galápagos islands to address the environmental impacts from the direct use of waste cooking oil (WCO) and refined palm oil (RPO) to produce 1 MWh using the life cycle assessment methodological framework. A combination of primary and secondary data sources was used. The results show better performance for the electricity derived from WCO in all the impact categories considered when compared to RPO.
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Tardast, Ali, Mostafa Rahimnejad, Ghasem Najafpour, Ali Ghoreyshi, Giuliano C. Premier, Gholamreza Bakeri, and Sang-Eun Oh. "Use of artificial neural network for the prediction of bioelectricity production in a membrane less microbial fuel cell." Fuel 117 (January 2014): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.09.047.

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Wu, Li Chun, Chi Huang, Hsin Hui Wang, and Ying Chien Chung. "High Bioelectricity Generation by Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Inoculated Enterococcus faecium YC 201." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2461.

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Microbial fuel cells, also known as biological fuel cells, use bacteria to convert biodegradable materials such as wastewater pollutants into electricity. However, limited studies revealed the high bioelectricity generation using a mediator-less MFC. This study isolated an exoelectrogen E. faecium YC 201, inoculated to a mediator-less MFC and obtained a high power density. Results show that the power generation reached a maximum of 121.3 ± 4.2 mW/m2 that was higher than those of other similar MFCs reported in the past literature. Substrate types significantly affected electricity generation and the optimal substrate for electricity generation was glucose. The riboflavin was identified as possible mediator for the mediator-less MFC that was self-excreted by E. faecium YC 201. To our knowledge, this is the first time to clearly reveal the electricity characteristics of exoelectrogen E. faecium YC 210.
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Umachagi, Sunil, Mahantesh N. Paruti, and Miryala Vijayakumar. "A New Approach to Single Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell for Procreation of Bioenergy in the Treatment of Sugar and Dairy Wastewater." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 19573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.19573ecst.

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Pollution of water, waste disposal, and their management is big problem faced by the world today. Industrial waste, agricultural waste, and household waste are best substrates for energy generation. India is one of the leading producers of sugar and dairy products in the world. These industries discharge a bulk amount of wastewater per day without proper treatment during working seasons. Sugar and dairy industry wastewater has high COD and BOD, which is hazardous for aquatic life and human use also. MFC have earned importance in the last few decades due to its ability to generate bioelectricity from all renewable sources, Most of the MFCs have been used to treat different kinds of wastewater, such as sugar, dairy, brewery, domestic wastewater, distillery, rice mill, paper and pulp, swine wastewater, etc.
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Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Luis Cabanillas-Chirinos, Renny Nazario-Naveda, Moisés Gallozzo-Cardenas, Félix Diaz, and Emzon Murga-Torres. "Potential Use of Coriander Waste as Fuel for the Generation of Electric Power." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020896.

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The increase in the population and its need to produce food has caused the level of contamination by organic waste to increase exponentially in recent years. Innovative methods have been proposed for the use of this waste and thus to mitigate its impact. One of these is to use it as fuel in microbial fuel cells to generate electricity. This research aims to generate bioelectricity using coriander waste in microbial fuel cells. The maximum voltage and current observed were 0.882 ± 0.154 V and 2.287 ± 0.072 mA on the seventh and tenth day, respectively, these values were obtained working at an optimum operating pH of 3.9 ± 0.16 and with an electrical conductivity of 160.42 ± 4.54 mS/cm. The internal resistance observed in the cells was 75.581 ± 5.892 Ω, with a power density of 304.325 ± 16.51 mW/cm2 at 5.06 A/cm2 current density. While the intensity of the final FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectrum peaks decreased compared to the initial one, likewise, with a percentage of identity, it was possible to attribute 98.97, 99.39, and 100% to the species Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes faecali, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Finally, the cells were connected in series, managing to turn on an LED light (red) with the 2.61 V generated. This research provides an innovative and environmentally friendly way that companies and farmers can use to reuse their waste.
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Deng, Dandan, Yichi Zhang, and Ying Liu. "A Geobacter strain isolated from rice paddy soil with higher bioelectricity generation capability in comparison to Geobacter sulfurreducens PCA." RSC Advances 5, no. 55 (2015): 43978–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06211j.

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A novel electrochemically active strain D-8 was successfully isolated from rice paddy soil. The strain D-8 can use more carbon sources and show higher current density thanG. sulfurreducensPCA. It might be a promising bioanodic organism in MFCs.
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Schmidt, Johannes, Viktoria Gass, and Erwin Schmid. "Land use changes, greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel substitution of biofuels compared to bioelectricity production for electric cars in Austria." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 9 (October 2011): 4060–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.07.007.

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33

Zhao, Yang, Liang Duan, Xiang Liu, and Yonghui Song. "Study on the Changes in the Microcosmic Environment in Forward Osmosis Membranes to Reduce Membrane Resistance." Membranes 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121203.

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Osmotic microbial fuel cells (OsMFCs) are an emerging wastewater treatment technology in bioelectricity generation, organic substrate removal, and wastewater reclamation. To address this issue, proton-conductive sites were strengthened after using the forward osmosis (FO) membrane by reducing the membrane resistance. The mechanism of improving electricity generation was attributed mainly to the unique characteristics of the membrane material and the water flux characteristics of the FO membrane. In particular, only when the concentration of catholyte was greater than 0.3 M was the membrane resistance the main contributor to the overall internal resistance. Meanwhile, through the simulation of the concentration inside the membrane, the changes in the membrane thickness direction and the phase transition of the internal structure of the membrane from the dry state (0% water content) to the expansion state (>50%water content) were analyzed, which were influenced by the water flux, further explaining the important role of the membrane’s microenvironment in reducing the membrane impedance. This further opens a novel avenue for the use of OsMFCs in practical engineering applications.
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Kaur, Gagandeep, Yadwinder Singh Brar, Jaspreet Kaur, Akhil Gupta, Kamal Kant Sharma, Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan, Raman Kumar, et al. "Management of Cattle Dung and Novel Bioelectricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cells: An Ingenious Experimental Approach." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021 (October 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5536221.

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Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are the rising modern equipment for the generation of bioelectricity from organic matters. In this study, MFCs in two formats are assembled and concurrently operated for a 30-day period in a batch mode manner. Natural biowaste cattle dung slurry with mediators is used as a substrate persistently for the enhancement of electron transfer rate and additionally for the augmentation of required electrical parameters. Under similar conditions, the MFC setups are experimented with a variety of anode-cathode material combinations, namely carbon-carbon, copper-carbon, and zinc-carbon. The performance of these MFCs during the testing period is evaluated independently and compared by plotting polarization data generated by them. It is revealed that maximum current and power densities are achieved from all these MFCs and the best attained values are 1858 mA/m2 and 1465 mW/m2, respectively, for the novel single-chamber zinc-carbon electrode MFC. The corresponding findings present that the MFC with zinc-carbon electrodes has the better power density than other MFCs. Being conductive and higher standard potential metal electrodes have improved the capability to act in place of carbon family electrodes for MFC-based power applications. Although the MFC power generation is low, but modifications in configurations, electrodes, microbe-rich biowaste, mediators, and power management may enhance the power output to a significant level for commercialization of this technology. The unique feature of this research is to explore the pertinent use of conductive metal electrodes to enhance the power generation capability of MFCs through biowaste as an alternative power source for small applications. The novelty of this research is presented through usage of conductive metal electrodes for the performance analysis of MFCs.
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Tapia Carpio, Lucio, and Fábio Simone de Souza. "Competition between Second-Generation Ethanol and Bioelectricity using the Residual Biomass of Sugarcane: Effects of Uncertainty on the Production Mix." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020369.

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Several economies around the world are using second-generation (2G) ethanol produced from agricultural residues, like sugarcane straw and bagasse, as a sustainable solution to replace petroleum products. Since first-generation (1G) ethanol uses the sugars of sugarcane, an integrated 1G–2G production would enable the production of more ethanol from the same amount of sugarcane without leading to increased use of arable land. The ethanol production process is complex, involving different high-energy consumption operations such as evaporation and distillation. The economic competitiveness of this process depends heavily on the amount of thermal and electrical energy produced using sugarcane straw and bagasse as input. Thus, the objective of this study was to use the mean-variance methodology to determine the optimal allocation of residual sugarcane biomass between 2G ethanol and bioelectricity productions, with simultaneous objectives of maximizing the return and minimizing the risk for investors of this sector. In this paper, four scenarios are analyzed. The first one is the base scenario that represents the current state of production costs and investments. scenarios 2, 3, and 4 considered four cuts of 10%, 20%, and 40% in the production cost of ethanol 2G, respectively. The results show the optimum biomass allocations and the growth rates of returns as a function of risk growth. It can be concluded that from scenario 4, the production of 2G ethanol becomes financially advantageous for the investor, presenting greater returns with smaller risks.
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Kesarwani, Shiwangi, Diksha Panwar, Joyabrata Mal, Nirakar Pradhan, and Radha Rani. "Constructed Wetland Coupled Microbial Fuel Cell: A Clean Technology for Sustainable Treatment of Wastewater and Bioelectricity Generation." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010006.

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The availability of clean water and the depletion of non-renewable resources provide challenges to modern society. The widespread use of conventional wastewater treatment necessitates significant financial and energy expenditure. Constructed Wetland Microbial Fuel Cells (CW-MFCs), a more recent alternative technology that incorporates a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) inside a Constructed Wetland (CW), can alleviate these problems. By utilizing a CW’s inherent redox gradient, MFC can produce electricity while also improving a CW’s capacity for wastewater treatment. Electroactive bacteria in the anaerobic zone oxidize the organic contaminants in the wastewater, releasing electrons and protons in the process. Through an external circuit, these electrons travel to the cathode and produce electricity. Researchers have demonstrated the potential of CW-MFC technology in harnessing bio-electricity from wastewater while achieving pollutant removal at the lab and pilot scales, using both domestic and industrial wastewater. However, several limitations, such as inadequate removal of nitrogen, phosphates, and toxic organic/inorganic pollutants, limits its applicability on a large scale. In addition, the whole system must be well optimized to achieve effective wastewater treatment along with energy, as the ecosystem of the CW-MFC is large, and has diverse biotic and abiotic components which interact with each other in a dynamic manner. Therefore, by modifying important components and optimizing various influencing factors, the performance of this hybrid system in terms of wastewater treatment and power generation can be improved, making CW-MFCs a cost-effective, cleaner, and more sustainable approach for wastewater treatment that can be used in real-world applications in the future.
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Arvaniti, I., and M. S. Fountoulakis. "Use of a graphite-cement composite as electrode material in up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for greywater treatment and bioelectricity generation." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 3 (June 2021): 105158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.105158.

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Rumão, A. S., E. F. Jaguaribe, A. F. Bezerra, B. L. N. Oliveira, and B. L. C. Queiroga. "ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v13i1.62065.

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Brazil is among the ten largest consumers of electricity in the world, and in the last decades its demand for electricity has been continuously increasing. As a consequence it has not been capable to ensure enough expansion of its electric power network, mostly affecting isolated communities. The present study discusses the use of a system formed by an Indian residue biomass gasifier and a 36 kVA engine-generator, which should generate 20 kWe, using gas-alone mode engine. The engine was, originally, a MWM D229-4 diesel engine, which was converted into an Otto cycle to run only with producer gas. The system performance was evaluated for different engine’s advance ignition angles, and two types of biomass. As the Indian gasifier was designed to operate just with dual-fuel mode to feed a gas-alone engine, some changes in the gasifier's water cleaning system were required. The modifications enabled the system to improve the power generation which overcame the 20 kWe reaching 26 kWe. Technical and economic considerations showed that the bioelectricity based on bio-residual gasifier may be a viable and ecological option for regions having enough biomass residue and not served by the system network.
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Apollon, Wilgince, Juan Vidales-Contreras, Humberto Rodríguez-Fuentes, Juan Gómez-Leyva, Emilio Olivares-Sáenz, Víctor Maldonado-Ruelas, Raúl Ortiz-Medina, Sathish-Kumar Kamaraj, and Alejandro Luna-Maldonado. "Livestock’s Urine-Based Plant Microbial Fuel Cells Improve Plant Growth and Power Generation." Energies 15, no. 19 (September 23, 2022): 6985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15196985.

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Plant microbial fuel cells (P-MFCs) are sustainable and eco-friendly technologies, which use plant root exudates to directly nourish the electrochemically active bacteria (EABs) to generate sustainable electricity. However, their use in evaluating plant growth has been insufficiently studied. In this study, interconnection between plant growth and the production of bioelectricity was evaluated by using P-MFCs inoculated with 642.865 mL ≅ 643 mL of livestock’s urine such as cow urine, goat urine, and sheep urine. The greatest mean stem diameter of 0.52 ± 0.01 cm was found in P-MFC-3 inoculated with goat urine, while the P-MFC-2 treated with cow urine reached a higher average number of roots with a value of 86 ± 2.50 (95% improvement) (p < 0.05). Besides, P-MFC-4 presented greater height of 50.08 ± 0.67 cm. For polarization curve experiment a higher maximum power density of 132 ± 11.6 mW m−2 (931 mA m−2) was reached with cow urine; in turn, with regard to the long-term operation, the same reactor indicated a higher maximum average power density of 43.68 ± 3.05 mW m−2. The study’s findings indicated that Stevia P-MFC inoculated with urine was a good option to increase the biomass amount for the agricultural plants along with power generation. Further, this study opens the way for more investigation of evaluating the impact of P-MFC on plant growth.
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Hernández-Flores, G., H. M. Poggi-Varaldo, O. Solorza-Feria, M. T. Ponce Noyola, T. Romero-Castanón, and N. Rinderknecht-Seijas. "Improvement of Microbial Fuel Cell Performance by Selection of Anodic Materials and Enrichment of Inoculum." Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 18, no. 3 (August 30, 2015): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14447/jnmes.v18i3.357.

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This work aimed at evaluating the effect of four anodic materials and the use of enriched inocula on the microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. The anodic materials were granular activated carbon (GAC), graphite rod (GR), triangles of graphite (GT) and graphite flakes (GF). When loaded with a sulfate-reducing inoculum (SR-In) the internal resistance (Rint) obtained were 273, 410 and 795 Ω for GF, GT, GR, respectively and higher than 10 000 Ω for GAC, whereas the maximum volumetric power (PV,max) were 1326, 2108 and 3052 mW m-3 for GR, GT and GF, respectively. We observed a decrease of Rint and an increase of PV,max with the increase of the log of A´s of the graphite anodic materials that was consistent with a mathematical model previously reported by our Group. The use of the Fe (III)-reducing inoculum significantly enhanced the MFC performance; PV,max was up to 5000 mW m-3, 40% higher than the power obtained with SR-In whereas the Rint was 140 ohms. Highest PVs of our MFC were close to values of electricity power derived from the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewaters. In this regard, results of this work point out to a promising approach to further tapping bioelectricity from organic wastes that previously have yielded biohydrogen.
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Hyytiäinen, Heli K., Anna Boström, Kjell Asplund, and Anna Bergh. "A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Electrotherapy." Animals 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010064.

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Electrotherapy modalities are currently used in the treatment of animals, but the evidence base supporting their use has not yet been systematically reviewed. Cochrane guidelines, as adapted by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, were followed for this systematic review. A literature search regarding all currently known electrotherapy modalities applied to horses, dogs, and cats was conducted for the years 1980–2020 using three databases: CABI, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Of the 5385 references found, 41 articles were included in the review: 13 papers on pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT), 7 on neural electrical muscle stimulation (NEMS), 5 on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 4 on static magnets, 3 on interference, 2 each on percutaneous electrical neural stimulation (PENS), bioelectricity, and diathermy, and 1 each on micro-pulsed stimulation, capacitive coupled electrical stimulation, and microwave therapy. The literature per modality was limited in quantity (mean 3.7 papers). Half of the articles were assessed to have a high risk of bias (20 high, 7 moderate, and 14 low). The existing literature used a spectrum of indications and treatment parameters, which makes comparisons and drawing conclusions to support the use of these modalities in clinical practice challenging. The current scientific evidence is not sufficient to support the clinical effects of electrotherapies for any clinical indication in horses, dogs or cats. The selected suggestive results warrant further high-quality research on PEMFT, NEMS, TENS, and PENS.
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Parveen, Nazish, Thi Hiep Han, Sajid Ali Ansari, and Moonyong Lee. "Sustainable Bio-Energy Production in Microbial Fuel Cell Using MnO2 Nanoparticle-Decorated Hollow Carbon Nanofibers as Active Cathode Materials." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2926.

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The widespread use of renewable energy remains a challenging and complex multidisciplinary problem. Developing alternatives using new technology such as nanotechnology is necessary to increase renewable energy’s scalability. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) combined with nanotechnology can improve bioelectricity generation during wastewater treatment. In this study, hollow carbon nanofibers (H-CNF) were decorated with manganese oxide (MnO2) via a simple chemical reduction method. MnO2-decorated H-CNF prepared with varying concentrations of manganese precursor (MnO2@H-CNF) were characterized via different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The cathode catalyst performance of the MnO2@H-CNF was investigated in an //-type constructed MFC system using Shewanella Oneidensis MR1. The MnO2@H-CNF-1 in the assembled MFC displayed excellent power density of 25.7 mW/m2, which is higher than pure H-CNF (8.66 mW/m2), carbon cloth (5.10 mW/m2), and MnO2@H-CNF-3 (16 mW/m2). The maximum power generated in the MFC coupled with MnO2@H-CNF as a cathode catalyst may have been due to the synergistic effect of the MnO2@H-CNF, which increased the electric conductivity and catalytic activity in the MFC’s cathode chamber. These results demonstrate that the developed MnO2@H-CNF cathode catalyst could improve the MFC’s performance and reduce the operational costs of practical applications.
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43

Liu, Xufei. "A Novel ECG Automatic Detection Using LongShort-Term Memory Network and Internet of Things Technology." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2021.3684.

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The early detection of cardiovascular diseases based on electrocardiogram (ECG) is very important for the timely treatment of cardiovascular patients, which increases the survival rate of patients. ECG is a visual representation that describes changes in cardiac bioelectricity and is the basis for detecting heart health. With the rise of edge machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, small machine learning models have received attention. This study proposes an ECG automatic classification method based on Internet of Things technology and LSTM network to achieve early monitoring and early prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Specifically, this paper first proposes a single-layer bidirectional LSTM network structure. Make full use of the timing-dependent features of the sampling points before and after to automatically extract features. The network structure is more lightweight and the calculation complexity is lower. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed classification model, the relevant comparison algorithm is used to verify on the MIT-BIH public data set. Secondly, the model is embedded in a wearable device to automatically classify the collected ECG. Finally, when an abnormality is detected, the user is alerted by an alarm. The experimental results show that the proposed model has a simple structure and a high classification and recognition rate, which can meet the needs of wearable devices for monitoring ECG of patients.
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44

Ding, Jianwen, Yue Tang, Ronghui Chang, Yu Li, Limin Zhang, and Feng Yan. "Reduction in the Motion Artifacts in Noncontact ECG Measurements Using a Novel Designed Electrode Structure." Sensors 23, no. 2 (January 14, 2023): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23020956.

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A noncontact ECG is applicable to wearable bioelectricity acquisition because it can provide more comfort to the patient for long-term monitoring. However, the motion artifact is a significant source of noise in an ECG recording. Adaptive noise reduction is highly effective in suppressing motion artifact, usually through the use of external sensors, thus increasing the design complexity and cost. In this paper, a novel ECG electrode structure is designed to collect ECG data and reference data simultaneously. Combined with the adaptive filter, it effectively suppresses the motion artifact in the ECG acquisition. This method adds one more signal acquisition channel based on the single-channel ECG acquisition system to acquire the reference signal without introducing other sensors. Firstly, the design of the novel ECG electrode structure is introduced based on the principle of noise reduction. Secondly, a multichannel signal acquisition circuit system and ECG electrodes are implemented. Finally, experiments under normal walking conditions are carried out, and the performance is verified by the experiment results, which shows that the proposed design effectively suppresses motion artifacts and maintains the stability of the signal quality during the noncontact ECG acquisition. The signal-to-noise ratio of the ECG signal after noise reduction is 14 dB higher than that of the original ECG signal with the motion artifact.
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45

Tran, Hung-Thuan, Jae-Hun Ryu, Yu-Hong Jia, Se-Jin Oh, Ji-Youn Choi, Doo-Hyun Park, and Dae-Hee Ahn. "Continuous bioelectricity production and sustainable wastewater treatment in a microbial fuel cell constructed with non-catalyzed granular graphite electrodes and permeable membrane." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 7 (April 1, 2010): 1819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.140.

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Oxygen has been so far addressed as the most preferable terminal electron acceptor in the cathodes of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, to reduce the oxygen reduction overpotential at the cathode surface, eco-unfriendly and costly catalysts have been commonly employed. Here, we pursued the possibility of using a high surface area electrode to reduce the cathodic reaction overpotential rather than the utilization of catalyzed materials. A dual chambered MFC reactor was designed with the use of graphite-granule electrodes and a permeable membrane. The performance of the reactor in terms of electricity generation and organic removal rate was examined under a continuous-feed manner. Results showed that the maximum volumetric power of 4.4±0.2 W/m3 net anodic compartment (NAC) was obtained at a current density of 11±0.5 A/m3 NAC. The power output was improved by increasing the electrolyte ionic strength. An acceptable effluent quality was attained when the organic loading rate (OLR) of 2 kgCOD/m3 NAC d was applied. The organic removal rate seemed to be less affected by shock loading. Our system can be suggested as a promising approach to make MFC-based technology economically viable for wastewater treatment applications. This study shows that current generation can be remarkably improved in comparison with several other studies using a low-surface-area plain graphite electrode.
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46

Alcalá-Garrido, Hassel Aurora, Víctor Barrera-Figueroa, Mario E. Rivero-Ángeles, Yunia Verónica García-Tejeda, and Hosanna Ramírez Pérez. "Analysis and Design of a Wireless Sensor Network Based on the Residual Energy of the Nodes and the Harvested Energy from Mint Plants." Journal of Sensors 2021 (February 25, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6655967.

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Nowadays, the use of sensor nodes for the IoT is widespread; nodes that compose these networks must possess self-organizing capabilities and communication protocols that require less energy consumption during communication procedures. In this work, we propose the design and analysis of an energy harvesting system using bioelectricity harvested from mint plants that aids in powering a particular design of a wireless sensor operating in a continuous monitoring mode. The system is based on randomly turning nodes ON (active nodes) and OFF (inactive nodes) to avoid their energy depletion. While a node is in an inactive state, it is allowed to harvest energy from the surroundings. However, while the node is harvesting energy from its surroundings, it is unable to report data. As such, a clear compromise is established between the amount of information reported and the lifetime of the network. To finely tune the system’s parameters and offer an adequate operation, we derive a mathematical model based on a discrete Markov chain that describes the main dynamics of the system. We observe that with the use of mint plants, the harvested energy is of the order of a few Joules; nonetheless, such small energy values can sustain a wireless transmission if correctly adapted to drive a wireless sensor. If we consider the lowest mean harvested energy obtained from mint plants, such energy can be used to transmit up to 259,564 bits or can also be used to receive up to 301,036 bits. On the other hand, if we consider the greatest mean harvested energy, this energy can be used to transmit up to 2,394,737 bits or can also be used to receive up to 2,777,349 bits.
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47

Kwon, Kei Jung, and Bong Ju Park. "Efficiency of Spathiphyllum spp. as a plant-microbial fuel cell." Ornamental Horticulture 27, no. 2 (June 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2447-536x.v27i2.2264.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of an ornamental plant, Spathiphyllum spp., as a plant-microbial fuel cell (Plant MFC) to produce voltage and current. This study also evaluated the effect of the Plant MFC on water use efficiency and plant growth. The experiment used four experimental groups: used MFC without plant (Soil MFC), used MFC with plant (Plant MFC), unused MFC without plant (Soil Pot), and unused MFC with plant (Plant Pot). Plant MFC generated higher voltage and current levels than Soil MFC. The average voltage of Plant MFC and Soil MFC was 0.475 V and 0.375 V, respectively, and the average current was 0.110 mA and 0.030 mA, respectively. Plant MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. produced a constant voltage output, with a deviation of 0.027 V during the four-month indoor experiment. The difference between the maximum and minimum voltage during the day was as small as 0.015 V, which supports the utility of Plant MFC as a stable power source. Volumetric soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthesis rate, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of Plant MFC and Plant Pot were measured. There was no significant difference in any values, and volumetric soil moisture and plant growth were not affected by the utilization of Plant MFC. Thus, a Plant-MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. can play the same ornamental role as conventional plants and at the same time be used as a sustainable bioelectricity source.
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48

Rojas-Flores, Segundo, Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega, Santiago M. Benites, Daniel Delfín-Narciso, Angelats-Silva Luis, Felix Díaz, Cabanillas-Chirinos Luis, and Gallozzo Cardenas Moises. "Electric Current Generation by Increasing Sucrose in Papaya Waste in Microbial Fuel Cells." Molecules 27, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 5198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165198.

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The accelerated increase in energy consumption by human activity has generated an increase in the search for new energies that do not pollute the environment, due to this, microbial fuel cells are shown as a promising technology. The objective of this research was to observe the influence on the generation of bioelectricity of sucrose, with different percentages (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%), in papaya waste using microbial fuel cells (MFCs). It was possible to generate voltage and current peaks of 0.955 V and 5.079 mA for the cell with 20% sucrose, which operated at an optimal pH of 4.98 on day fifteen. In the same way, the internal resistance values of all the cells were influenced by the increase in sucrose, showing that the cell without sucrose was 0.1952 ± 0.00214 KΩ and with 20% it was 0.044306 ± 0.0014 KΩ. The maximum power density was 583.09 mW/cm2 at a current density of 407.13 A/cm2 and with a peak voltage of 910.94 mV, while phenolic compounds are the ones with the greatest presence in the FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) absorbance spectrum. We were able to molecularly identify the species Achromobacter xylosoxidans (99.32%), Acinetobacter bereziniae (99.93%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (100%) present in the anode electrode of the MFCs. This research gives a novel use for sucrose to increase the energy values in a microbial fuel cell, improving the existing ones and generating a novel way of generating electricity that is friendly to the environment.
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49

Ganta, Anusha, Yasser Bashir, and Sovik Das. "Dairy Wastewater as a Potential Feedstock for Valuable Production with Concurrent Wastewater Treatment through Microbial Electrochemical Technologies." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 9084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239084.

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A milk-processing plant was drafted as a distinctive staple industry amid the diverse field of industries. Dairy products such as yogurt, cheese, milk powder, etc., consume a huge amount of water not only for product processing, but also for sanitary purposes and for washing dairy-based industrial gear. Henceforth, the wastewater released after the above-mentioned operations comprises a greater concentration of nutrients, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and organic and inorganic contents that can pose severe ecological issues if not managed effectively. The well-known processes such as coagulation–flocculation, membrane technologies, electrocoagulation, and other biological processes such as use of a sequencing batch reactor, upflow sludge anaerobic blanket reactor, etc., that are exploited for the treatment of dairy effluent are extremely energy-exhaustive and acquire huge costs in terms of fabrication and maintenance. In addition, these processes are not competent in totally removing various contaminants that exist in dairy effluent. Accordingly, to decrease the energy need, microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) can be effectively employed, thereby also compensating the purification charges by converting the chemical energy present in impurities into bioelectricity and value-added products. Based on this, the current review article illuminates the application of diverse METs as a suitable substitute for traditional technology for treating dairy wastewater. Additionally, several hindrances on the way to real-world application and techno-economic assessment of revolutionary METs are also deliberated.
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50

Helaehil, Júlia Venturini, Luiza Venturini Helaehil, Laryssa Fernanda Alves, Boyang Huang, Milton Santamaria-Jr, Paulo Bartolo, and Guilherme Ferreira Caetano. "Electrical Stimulation Therapy and HA/TCP Composite Scaffolds Modulate the Wnt Pathways in Bone Regeneration of Critical-Sized Defects." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010075.

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Critical bone defects are the most difficult challenges in the area of tissue repair. Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), are reported to have an enhanced bioactivity. Moreover, the use of electrical stimulation (ES) has overcome the lack of bioelectricity at the bone defect site and compensated the endogenous electrical signals. Such treatments could modulate cells and tissue signaling pathways. However, there is no study investigating the effects of ES and bioceramic composite scaffolds on bone tissue formation, particularly in the view of cell signaling pathway. This study aims to investigate the application of HA/TCP composite scaffolds and ES and their effects on the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathway in critical bone repair. Critical bone defects (25 mm2) were performed in rats, which were divided into four groups: PCL, PCL + ES, HA/TCP and HA/TCP + ES. The scaffolds were grafted at the defect site and applied with the ES application twice a week using 10 µA of current for 5 min. Bone samples were collected for histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. At the Wnt canonical pathway, HA/TCP and HA/TCP + ES groups showed higher Wnt1 and β-catenin gene expression levels, especially HA/TCP. Moreover, HA/TCP + ES presented higher Runx2, Osterix and Bmp-2 levels. At the Wnt non-canonical pathway, HA/TCP group showed higher voltage-gated calcium channel (Vgcc), calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and Wnt5a genes expression, while HA/TCP + ES presented higher protein expression of VGCC and calmodulin (CaM) at the same period. The decrease in sclerostin and osteopontin genes expressions and the lower bone sialoprotein II in the HA/TCP + ES group may be related to the early bone remodeling. This study shows that the use of ES modulated the Wnt pathways and accelerated the osteogenesis with improved tissue maturation.
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