Journal articles on the topic 'Biodiversity corridors'
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1
Tockner, K., and J. V. Ward. "Biodiversity along riparian corridors." River Systems 11, no. 3 (December 20, 1999): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/lr/11/1999/293.
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Clarke, Donna J., Kate A. Pearce, and John G. White. "Powerline corridors: degraded ecosystems or wildlife havens?" Wildlife Research 33, no. 8 (2006): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr05085.
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Management of powerline corridors in Australia has traditionally focused on the complete removal of vegetation using short rotation times owing to the perceived hazard of fire associated with corridor vegetation. Because of the intense management associated with fire hazards, little thought has been given to use of powerline corridors by wildlife. This has resulted in corridors traditionally being viewed as a source of fragmentation and habitat loss within forested ecosystems. We investigated the responses of small mammal communities living in a powerline corridor to management-induced vegetation changes at different successional stages, to determine whether a compromise could be reached between managing corridors for fire and biodiversity. Habitat modelling in the corridor and adjacent forest for three native and one introduced small mammal species demonstrated that species responded to changes in vegetation structural complexity, rather than time-since-management per se. Early seral stages of vegetation recovery after corridor management encouraged the introduced house mouse (Mus domesticus) into corridors and contributed little to biodiversity. Mid-seral-stage vegetation, however, provided habitat for native species that were rare in adjacent forest habitats. As the structural complexity of the vegetation increased, the small mammal community became similar to that of the forest so that corridor vegetation contributed fewer biodiversity benefits while posing an unacceptable fire risk. If ecologically sensitive management regimes are implemented to encourage mid-seral vegetation and avoid complete vegetation removal, powerline corridors have the potential to improve biodiversity. This would maintain landscape connectivity and provide habitat for native species uncommon in the forest while still limiting fuel loads in the corridor.
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Li, Xiaoxia, Guozhu Xia, Tao Lin, Zhonglin Xu, and Yao Wang. "Construction of Urban Green Space Network in Kashgar City, China." Land 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2022): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101826.
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With the new round of western development being pushed forward and territorial spatial planning being put into place, northwest China’s urbanization rate has sped up. Urbanization will inevitably affect the city’s general landscape pattern and features, aggravating the landscape’s fragmentation and destroying the urban ecological environment. That threatens the well-being of the residents and the city’s biodiversity. Urban green space provides a habitat for the creatures in the city, and its connectivity provides corridors. Researchers and planners have developed green space networks to protect urban biodiversity and satisfy urban residents’ needs for recreation and ecologically friendly open space. This study uses RS, GIS, SeNtinel Application Platform (SNAP), and Conefor Sensinode. Applying the landscape connectivity index, least-cost path model, and corridor curvature analysis to identify potential recreation and biodiversity conservation corridors with a reasonable width, identifies good quality green space patches and corridors, or which ones need improvement. The results show that: (1) The patches selected by the possible connectivity index (PC) calculated with a threshold of 100 m in the urban area of Kashgar have higher recreational attributes. (2) There are 24 effective recreational corridors in Kashgar, with a total length of 43.44 km, and 53 effective biodiversity conservation corridors, a total of 78.23 km. Suppose recreational and ecological functions are considered to build a comprehensive green space network. The 50 m recreational corridor is mainly distributed in the center, and the 30 m biodiversity conservation corridor is primarily distributed on edge. (3) We can determine the location of the new green space suitable for protection or development by analyzing the corridor curvature. Through the constructed green space network, we can find that green space planning has severe fragmentation, unfair distribution, and other problems. Based on these issues, optimizing urban green space can promote the connectivity of urban green space. Furthermore, studying the width of corridors suitable for dense urban areas is conducive to protecting urban biodiversity and resident well-being.
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Quijano, I. P., M. J. L. Flores, and A. B. Malaki. "GEOSPATIAL ECOLOGICAL FOREST CORRIDOR MODELLING IN THE MOUNT LANTOY KEY BIODIVERSITY AREA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W19 (December 23, 2019): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w19-347-2019.
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Abstract. In biodiversity conservation, ecological corridors are assumed to increase landscape-level connectivity and to enhance the viability of otherwise isolated wildlife populations. Mapping these corridors serves as a feasible method to support forest management efforts in pinpointing areas to give special attention to. Here, we assess the current forest presence in the 3,000 hectare Mt. Lantoy, Key Biodiversity Area in Argao, Cebu and present potential forest corridors that could enhance the canopy cover of the current protected area. We present a method to map the potential corridors through the identification of the forest patches obtained from the global forest cover dataset and the creation of a species distribution model for the black shama, an endemic bird species in Cebu island and a great biodiversity indicator for the area. Our ecological corridors were acquired through the sum of the cost distance rasters obtained from the weighted overlay and cost surface tools of the black shama habitat suitability model. With the obtained corridors from the study, four potential forest corridors/ extensions were identified connecting five different forest patches. These corridors have areas that range from 0.47–2.17 square kilometers, with a potential to increase the forest cover in the KBA to more than 33% after corridor modelling.
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Wilson, Mel B., and R. Travis Belote. "The Value of Trail Corridors for Bold Conservation Planning." Land 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2022): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030348.
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Conservationists are calling for bold strategies to connect wildlands and halt extinctions. A growing number of scientists recommend that 50% of all land must be held in a protected area network to maintain biodiversity. We assessed lands adjacent to the Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) and Continental Divide Trail (CDT) as possible wildlife corridors connecting protected areas in the American West. We evaluated the connectivity, wildness, and biodiversity values of the lands of each corridor and determined the conservation and land management status. We found that our corridors connect 95 protected areas creating two linear protected area chains from Mexico to Canada. Both the PCT and CDT corridors follow many of the best corridor routes previously found in the literature and hold high wildland conservation values. The American public already owns the majority of land units around the modeled PCT (88%) and CDT (90%) corridor. Therefore, we recommend further analysis of the lands adjacent to recreational trails as wildlife corridors. Employing our methodology on multiple scales could reveal that other recreational trails should be buffered and conserved for wildlife movement.
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Tockner, K., and J. V. Ward. "Biodiversity along riparian corridors." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 7 (September 2001): 3981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901742.
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Garfinkel, Megan, Sheryl Hosler, Christopher Whelan, and Emily Minor. "Powerline Corridors Can Add Ecological Value to Suburban Landscapes When Not Maintained as Lawn." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 7113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127113.
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Electric powerline corridors are informal green spaces that encompass large areas of land and have the potential to support biodiversity in urban and suburban landscapes. However, the extent to which these corridors provide novel habitats compared to the surrounding landscape is unclear. Biodiversity in corridors is often compared to that of “natural” habitats despite the fact that the corridors are subject to frequent vegetation management. In urban and suburban landscapes, residential yards may provide a more appropriate comparison because they are a dominant type of green space and are also characterized by frequent vegetation management. We conducted a study of the biodiversity in suburban powerline corridors in northern Illinois, USA, and compared it to the biodiversity found in nearby residential yards. Our goal was to determine whether powerline corridors added ecological value to these suburban landscapes. We included three different management styles of powerline corridors: (1) frequently mowed and kept as lawn, (2) brush mowed on a five-year cycle (“old-field”), and (3) restored and/or maintained as native prairie. We measured the species richness and composition of plants, birds, and insect pollinators in corridors and yards. The corridor management types and comparison yards differed significantly in the richness of all three taxa, with old-field and/or prairie sites having greater species richness than mown corridors and/or comparison yards. Community composition also differed by management category. While the species richness of old-field sites tended to be high, prairie sites generally had more species of conservation interest. Our study shows that both old-field- and prairie-managed powerline corridors add habitat value to Midwestern U.S. suburban landscapes by providing alternative habitat types that support many species. Nonetheless, we suggest that managers looking to specifically support native and/or grassland specialist species in this region should manage sites as prairies when possible.
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Yan, Lingbin, Lifei Yu, Mingtai An, Haijun Su, He Li, and Congjun Yuan. "Explanation of the Patterns, Spatial Relationships, and Node Functions of Biodiversity and Island: An Example of Nature Reserves in Guizhou, Southwest China." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 6, 2019): 6197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226197.
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Biological habitat islanding occurs with the expansion of human activities. Nature reserves are biodiversity hotspots and sources of biodiversity diffusion. To explore the geographical causes of biodiversity and the impact of habitat island on biodiversity, we studied the spatial network relationships of biodiversity in nature reserves and the spatial characteristics of ecological corridors in reserves using various biodiversity indicators and ecological factors of important nature reserves, digital elevation models, and information regarding the land use types in Guizhou Province. Data were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis and the lowest-cost analysis method. The results of this study showed that the factors that determine the biodiversity of the dominant region are heat, moisture, rock type, parent rock, and soil type. The nature reserves can be divided into seven categories according to the characteristics and ecological factors of the biodiversity network. We identified ecological corridors for biodiversity diffusion and classified them by levels of importance according to their degree of corridor composition.
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Díaz-Forestier, Javiera, Sebastián Abades, Nélida Pohl, Olga Barbosa, Karina Godoy, Gabriella L. Svensson, María I. Undurraga, et al. "Assessing Ecological Indicators for Remnant Vegetation Strips as Functional Biological Corridors in Chilean Vineyards." Diversity 13, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13090447.
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Mediterranean central Chile is globally recognized as a hotspot for terrestrial biodiversity due to its high endemism and massive habitat loss. However, within the rural landscape of central Chile, significant extents of natural areas remain, especially on less productive, steep slopes, and vegetation strips extending from the surrounding hills to agricultural areas. Accordingly, vegetation strips or corridors, within lowland farms, constitute key elements to support the conservation of biodiversity in rural landscapes. To assess the ecological performance of corridors in 22 commercials vineyards in central Chile, we characterized them in terms of width-, length-, area-, and perimeter-to-area ratios, as well as the number of connections with natural areas. Based on a set of previously defined ecological indicators (species, functional groups, and structural components), we compared their occurrence in corridors within vineyards and in the surrounding natural areas. We evaluated the effects of corridor attributes on the occurrence of the selected ecological indicators, using a generalized linear mixed model with each vineyard as a random factor. The area, width, and length of vegetation corridors varied widely (1.2–86.3 ha, 10.5–95 m, and 380–5000 m, respectively). We found significant differences in the occurrence of indicators between corridors and natural areas. All sampled ecological indicators in corridors showed a negative relationship with the distance to the nearest natural area. Vegetation strips within vineyards represent important opportunities for biodiversity conservation that significantly enhance habitat quality in the agricultural landscape for biodiversity and habitat connectivity.
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Venter, Oscar. "Corridors of carbon and biodiversity." Nature Climate Change 4, no. 2 (January 29, 2014): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2115.
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Filipovic, Dejan, and Ljubica Petrovic. "The significance of the Danube ecological corridor in the proceedings of implementing ecological networks in Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 95, no. 2 (2015): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1502109f.
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With the modern processes for exploiting land people have altered the original appearance of areas and created cultural environments. The remaining natural environments, whether protected or not, take up a relatively small portion of space and represent isolated islands which in itself can not be sufficient for the preservation of biodiversity or for the fulfillment of national, regional or international goals and commitments related to their preservation. In order to secure the preservation of biodiversity, the strengthening of integrity and the natural processes, such as animal migrations, succession of vegetation and evolution processes, the communication between natural habitats is imperative. Ecological corridors, as integral elements of ecological networks, ensure the preservation of vital ecological interactions by providing a connection between different habitats or areas. Depending on a range of factors, from the fulfillment of demands of different species to the connecting of regions, corridors of local, sub-regional, regional and international importance are identified. The Danube ecological corridor is one of the most significant corridors of international importance which encompasses a large number of habitats which are part of the natural watercourse of the corridor. There are numerous protected areas in the Danube coastal area on Serbia's territory which present themselves as central areas for forming the ecological network, such as: Gornje Podunavlje, Karadjordjevo, Fruska Gora, Titelski Breg hill, Kovalski rit marsh, Dunavski loess bluffs, the Sava mouth, Labudovo okno, Deliblato sands, Djerdap and Mala Vrbica. The diverse and mosaic vegetation of the floodplain, as well as the consistency of the protected areas within the Danube corridor have a direct influence on the quality and functionality of this corridor. The goal of this paper is to show the significance of the Danube ecological corridor in the process of implementing ecological networks, the potential of the area in question for forming corridors, but also to present the limitations which may decrease the functionality of the corridors as well as the guidelines for a sustainable management of the corridor on Serbia's territory.
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Ferris, Gavin, Vincent D'Amico, and Christopher K. Williams. "Determining Effective Riparian Buffer Width for Nonnative Plant Exclusion and Habitat Enhancement." International Journal of Ecology 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/170931.
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Nonnative plants threaten native biodiversity in landscapes where habitats are fragmented. Unfortunately, in developed areas, much of the remaining forested habitat occurs in fragmented riparian corridors. Because forested corridors of sufficient width may allow forest interior specializing native species to retain competitive advantage over edge specialist and generalist nonnative plants, identifying appropriate corridor widths to minimize nonnative plants and maximize ecosystem integrity is of habitat management concern. We measured the occurrences of 4 species of nonnative plants across the widths of 31 forested riparian corridors of varying widths in the White Clay Creek watershed of Pennsylvania and Delaware. Using repeated measures ANOVA, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) and multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) prevalence did not significantly decline across buffer widths. However, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) declined strongly within the first 15–25 m. Managing for riparian corridor widths a minimum of 15–25 m has the potential to enhance habitat quality but no corridor width (≤55 m) will exclude all invasive plants.
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Sugden, Andrew M. "Corridors for biodiversity among oil palms." Science 366, no. 6467 (November 14, 2019): 834.1–835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.366.6467.834-a.
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Gregory, Andrew, Emma Spence, Paul Beier, and Emily Garding. "Toward Best Management Practices for Ecological Corridors." Land 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10020140.
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Ecological corridors are one of the best, and possibly only viable, management tools to maintain biodiversity at large scales and to allow species, and ecological processes, to track climate change. This document has been assembled as a summary of the best available information about managing these systems. Our aim with this paper is to provide managers with a convenient guidance document and tool to assist in applying scientific management principles to management of corridors. We do not cover issues related to corridor design or political buy in, but focus on how a corridor should be managed once it has been established. The first part of our paper outlines the history and value of ecological corridors. We next describe our methodologies for developing this guidance document. We then summarize the information about the impacts of linear features on corridors and strategies for dealing with them—specifically, we focus on the effects of roads, canals, security fences, and transmission lines. Following the description of effects, we provide a summary of the best practices for managing the impacts of linear barriers. Globally, many corridors are established in the flood plains of stream and rivers and occur in riparian areas associated with surface waters. Therefore, we next provide guidance on how to manage corridors that occur in riparian areas. We then segue into corridors and the urban/suburban environment, and summarize strategies for dealing with urban development within corridors. The final major anthropic land use that may affect corridor management is cultivation and grazing agriculture. We end this review by identifying gaps in knowledge pertaining to how best to manage corridors.
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Xu, Haiyun, Tobias Plieninger, and Jørgen Primdahl. "A Systematic Comparison of Cultural and Ecological Landscape Corridors in Europe." Land 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8030041.
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Landscape corridors are narrow strips of land that differ from the matrix on either side. In addition to providing connectivity between fragmented landscapes, these corridors serve scenic, cultural, social, ecological, and recreational purposes. We systematically reviewed reports and studies related to 92 cultural and ecological landscape corridors in Europe, focusing, in particular, on their planning and management, problems addressed, approaches and tools used, stakeholders involved and spatial scales. Biodiversity conservation was found to be the most frequently stated aim (67% of the cases), followed by recreation and tourism (62%). The planning processes for cultural and ecological landscape corridors were dominated by similar, quite narrow, stakeholder groups, but via a wide variety of approaches and tools. Ecological corridors existed at larger and more variable scales relative to cultural landscape corridors. Significant differences were found in many aspects of the two types of corridors, although a complete separation of the two categories was difficult since most of the cases reviewed were designed to serve multiple aims. We close the paper by making a few recommendations for decision makers concerning future corridor planning.
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Ramiadantsoa, Tanjona, Otso Ovaskainen, Joel Rybicki, and Ilkka Hanski. "Large-Scale Habitat Corridors for Biodiversity Conservation: A Forest Corridor in Madagascar." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 22, 2015): e0132126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132126.
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Chuang, Tsai-Fu, and Yuan-Hsiou Chang. "A New Design Concept of an Ecological Corridor for Frogs to Improve Ecological Conservation." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 10, 2021): 11175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011175.
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Ecological corridors are an essential element in conserving the biodiversity and proper functioning of ecosystems. Without their connectivity, a very large number of species would not have access to all of the habitats needed for their life cycles. Although the concept of an ecological corridor has been discussed for many years, few studies on ecological corridors for frogs have been conducted. Frogs are often considered to be a keystone species. They are a good indicator of habitat health, and they are often the first to be harmed by pollution or ecosystem deterioration. However, there have been reports of frogs crossing ecological corridors and being attacked or consumed by natural enemies. It is vital to create ecological corridors for frogs that allow them to migrate quickly and safely. The purpose of this study was to propose a new ecological corridor design concept for frogs to address the limitations mentioned above. In this paper, grey system theory was employed to offer the necessary information for the frog ladder’s design. In addition, the frog’s high jump capacity and its defense mechanisms against natural enemies were used to determine the rest space and shelter.
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Tache, Antonio Valentin, Oana-Cătălina Popescu, and Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor. "County-level method for identifying Romanian ecological corridors: environmental and spatial planning issues." Lucrările Seminarului Geografic "Dimitrie Cantemir" 49, no. 1 (2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v49i1.04.
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A solution for the habitat fragmentation, decline of biodiversity, loss of ecosystems and ecosystem services can be to increase the number of protected areas and the connectivity between them, by creating ecological corridors. Since this conservation practice is becoming more relevant considering the climate change, the concept of ecological connectivity must be integrated in most political frameworks, especially in relation with the spatial development, requiring appropriate legislation. The article aims at proposing a new technique of ecological connectivity modeling, demonstrated by a specific methodology aiming to identify the ecological corridors used the brown bear (Ursus arctos) within the Natura 2000 sites in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains covered by the Buzau County. The processed GIS layers together with the ArcGIS.x Corridor Design Tool were used to map the permeability in the studied area and thus to identify the ecological corridors. The obtained results are useful tools for spatial planners that must integrate, adapt and accept these corridors in their plans. It is the first study published at national level, a novel one, in which ecological corridors for the brown bear are identified based on a County Land Use Plan, embedding the ecological dimension in the concept of spatial planning.
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Wohl, Ellen. "Spatial heterogeneity as a component of river geomorphic complexity." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 4 (July 22, 2016): 598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316658615.
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One component of geomorphic complexity results from spatial heterogeneity in river corridors. The characteristics of this form of complexity have important implications for habitat and biodiversity, attenuation of downstream fluxes, resistance and resilience of river ecosystems, river processes, ability to characterize patterns and changes through time, and river management and restoration. Numerous measures of complexity have been applied to heterogeneity from spatial scales of bed grain size distribution to entire river networks. Studies explicitly incorporating geomorphic complexity have increased substantially since 2000, but there is no single, widely used metric of complexity. Despite increasingly explicit scientific appreciation of the importance of complexity in river corridors, public attitudes toward rivers continue to emphasize an attractive appearance, which commonly equates to a physically simple and homogeneous river corridor.
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Rocha, C. F. D., M. Van Sluys, H. G. Bergallo, and M. A. S. Alves. "Endemic and threatened tetrapods in the restingas of the biodiversity corridors of Serra do Mar and of the central da Mata Atlântica in Eastern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 1 (February 2005): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000100019.
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Biodiversity corridors comprise a mosaic of land uses connecting fragments of natural forest across a landscape. Two such corridors have been established along the eastern coast of Brazil: the Serra do Mar and the Central da Mata Atlântica corridors, along which most of the coastal plains are restinga areas. In this study, we analyze the present status of the endemic and endangered terrestrial vertebrates of both corridors. We sampled 10 restingas in both corridors, recording species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some restingas harbor a relatively large number of endemic species, and two main regions of endemism can be identified along the restingas of both corridors: the coastal restingas from northern Espírito Santo State to southern Bahia State (between Linhares, ES, and Trancoso, BA), and the coastal region between the restingas of Maricá and Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro State. Six species of terrestrial vertebrates considered threatened with extinction are found in the restingas of Serra do Mar and Central da Mata Atlântica biodiversity corridors (Liolaemus lutzae, Formicivora littoralis, Mimus gilvus, Schistochlamys melanopis, and Trinomys eliasi). The region located between the restinga of Maricá and that of Jurubatiba is of special relevance for the conservation of vertebrate species of the restingas of the corridors because a considerable number of threatened species of terrestrial vertebrates are found there. We strongly recommend efforts to develop checklists of threatened faunas for the States of Espírito Santo and Bahia.
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Moreno, Roberto, and Claudia Jimena Guerrero-Jimenez. "What about biological corridors? A review on some problems of concepts and their management." BioRisk 14 (June 4, 2019): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.14.32682.
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Natural ecosystems are increasingly being affected by climate change and fragmentation, which have a strong impact on biodiversity thus affecting habitats and species diversity of flora and fauna at all levels. As a response to this situation the idea of biological corridors was developed. This review relates the problems associated with the main concepts and definitions of the biological corridors, seeking to highlight the advantages of this tool and describing its potential applicability, and showing the importance of the biological corridors as a solution to improve the conservation of species and so as to support sustainable development in areas of high biodiversity. Examples of biological corridors in several countries are cited and its application guidelines and conservation benefits are described. In conclusion, the need to improve information on habitat and its association with wild species is highlighted through adaptive forestry that is part of a comprehensive management of forest ecosystems. In addition, it is important to monitor the effects of corridors implemented in a feedback process that allows a greater analysis and evaluation of the overall positive effects of their implementation. Finally, some management actions are proposed to improve the conservation of ecosystems.
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Killeen, Timothy J., and Luis A. Solórzano. "Conservation strategies to mitigate impacts from climate change in Amazonia." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1498 (February 11, 2008): 1881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.0018.
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Protected area systems and conservation corridors can help mitigate the impacts of climate change on Amazonian biodiversity. We propose conservation design criteria that will help species survive in situ or adjust range distributions in response to increased drought. The first priority is to protect the western Amazon, identified as the ‘Core Amazon’, due to stable rainfall regimes and macro-ecological phenomena that have led to the evolution of high levels of biodiversity. Ecotones can buffer the impact from climate change because populations are genetically adapted to climate extremes, particularly seasonality, because high levels of habitat diversity are associated with edaphic variability. Future climatic tension zones should be surveyed for geomorphological features that capture rain or conserve soil moisture to identify potential refugia for humid forest species. Conservation corridors should span environmental gradients to ensure that species can shift range distributions. Riparian corridors provide protection to both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Multiple potential altitudinal corridors exist in the Andes, but natural and anthropogenic bottlenecks will constrain the ability of species to shift their ranges and adapt to climate change. Planned infrastructure investments are a serious threat to the potential to consolidate corridors over the short and medium term.
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Fontoura, Luisa, Stephanie D’Agata, Majambo Gamoyo, Diego R. Barneche, Osmar J. Luiz, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Linda Eggertsen, and Joseph M. Maina. "Protecting connectivity promotes successful biodiversity and fisheries conservation." Science 375, no. 6578 (January 21, 2022): 336–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg4351.
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The global decline of coral reefs has led to calls for strategies that reconcile biodiversity conservation and fisheries benefits. Still, considerable gaps in our understanding of the spatial ecology of ecosystem services remain. We combined spatial information on larval dispersal networks and estimates of human pressure to test the importance of connectivity for ecosystem service provision. We found that reefs receiving larvae from highly connected dispersal corridors were associated with high fish species richness. Generally, larval “sinks” contained twice as much fish biomass as “sources” and exhibited greater resilience to human pressure when protected. Despite their potential to support biodiversity persistence and sustainable fisheries, up to 70% of important dispersal corridors, sinks, and source reefs remain unprotected, emphasizing the need for increased protection of networks of well-connected reefs.
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Naiman, Robert J., Henri Decamps, and Michael Pollock. "The Role of Riparian Corridors in Maintaining Regional Biodiversity." Ecological Applications 3, no. 2 (May 1993): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941822.
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Tang, Feng, Xu Zhou, Li Wang, Yangjian Zhang, Meichen Fu, and Pengtao Zhang. "Linking Ecosystem Service and MSPA to Construct Landscape Ecological Network of the Huaiyang Section of the Grand Canal." Land 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090919.
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Rapid urbanization and drastic land-use change have led to landscape fragmentation and ecological environment deterioration in the regions along the Grand Canal. Building an ecological network is an important means to improve the connectivity of habitat patches and carry out ecological protection and restoration of territorial space, which is of great significance to ensure regional biodiversity and ecological security. In this article, we took the Huaiyang Section of the Grand Canal (Huaiyang Canal) as the study area, used the ecosystem service assessment model, morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), and the landscape connectivity evaluation method to identify ecological sources, then used the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model and the gravity model to extract and grade ecological corridors. Based on these, the ecological network was constructed by combining the identification method of ecological nodes and ecological breakpoints. The aim of this was to provide a reference for the ecological space optimization of Huaiyang Canal and even the entire Grand Canal, the formulation of an ecological protection plan, and the implementation of territorial space ecological restoration. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the water conservation service, soil conservation service, carbon sequestration service, and biodiversity conservation service were significantly different, and the level of ecosystem services showed a trend of continuous degradation from 1990 to 2018. There were 12 ecological source patches comprehensively identified by multiple methods, with a total area of 2007.06 km2. In terms of spatial distribution, large ecological source patches were mainly distributed in the central and western areas adjacent to the Grand Canal, while small ecological source patches were scattered in the eastern and southern border regions of the study area. The total length of ecological corridors was 373.84 km, of which the number of the primary ecological corridor, secondary ecological corridor, and tertiary ecological corridor were 9, 7, and 7, respectively, and the suitable width of the ecological corridor was 200–400 m. After optimization, the proposed ecological network was composed of 3 key ecological source patches, 9 important ecological source patches, 23 terrestrial corridors, 10 aquatic corridors, and 18 ecological nodes. Twenty-nine ecological breakpoints were key areas requiring ecological restoration. The overlap rate of the integrated ecosystem service change area and land-use change area was 99%, indicating that land-use change has a significant impact on regional ecosystem services. This study is of great significance for carrying out the ecological protection and restoration of the Huaiyang Canal and adjusting local land-use policies. It also provides a typical case demonstration for identifying an ecological network and formulating ecological restoration planning for other sections of the Grand Canal and cities along the canal.
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da Rocha, Rebeca Marques Correia, and Marcelo Seidel Fiorotti. "CORREDORES ECOLÓGICOS URBANOS: UM ESTUDO PARA CONECTAR PLANTAS, ANIMAIS E PESSOAS NA CIDADE DE VITÓRIA – ES." Revista Científica Faesa 17, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 116–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5008/1809.7367.202.
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Ecological corridors are territorial strips that aim to reduce the impacts of fragmentation of ecosystems, restoring the interconnection between them, in order to facilitate the movement of species, enabling seed dispersal and gene exchange between isolated populations. The relevance of the theme lies in the contribution to sustainable urbanism, aligning with biophilia, with benefits for living beings, including humans, with better walking conditions, thermal and psychological comfort. The general objective of the work was to delineate an urban ecological corridor in the continental portion of the city of Vitória/ES, in order to connect three isolated Environmental Protection Zones and benefit their essential occupants: the human species, the flora and the fauna. Exploratory studies and field visits were conducted, supported by Urbanism and Ecology literature, based on the definition of the connection axes and the recomposition of road profiles. The result achieved is an ecological corridor adapted to the existing roads, from the intensification of forestation and the implementation of gantries and elevated walkways for animal crossings. The insertion of aerial crossings and biodiversity corridors will bring a differential to the quality of life and ecological diversity for the local population.
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Zhou, Shaokun, Yuhong Song, Yijiao Li, Jing Wang, and Lan Zhang. "Construction of Ecological Security Pattern for Plateau Lake Based on MSPA–MCR Model: A Case Study of Dianchi Lake Area." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114532.
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The construction of ecological security patterns is an effective means to improve ecological environment quality, protect regional biodiversity, and alleviate the landscape fragmentation caused by urbanization in plateau lake cities. Taking the Dianchi Lake area as an example, we used the morphological spatial pattern analysis method (MSPA) and the minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR) to construct a comprehensive resistance surface, ecological corridor network, and ecological security pattern for the study area. Firstly, we selected 12 ecological sources with more than 1000 hm2, PC, IIC index more than 1, and high habitat quality and connectivity from the study area, including the Dianchi lake body and the mountain forests in the south, north, and west. The overall habitat quality in the eastern region was poor. Secondly, the regional comprehensive resistance value was 1.0925–4.5395. The comprehensive resistance surface showed that the influence of human activities in the region was strong, and the connectivity between important sources was poor. Thirdly, we identified 26 important corridors with interaction force values higher than 50, mostly mountain corridors, between sources that were close to one another and over 40 general corridors with interaction force values lower than 50 in urban built-up areas, most of which were river corridors. Fourthly, by identifying five potential sources and 43 potential corridors in the eastern region, we improved the ecological network function and overall connectivity. The α index (loop pass degree), β index (line point rate), and γ index (connectivity degree) were 2.895, 5.5, and 2.2 before optimization and 3.206, 6.412, and 2.422 after optimization, respectively. Lastly, the “ridge lines” and “valley lines” were used to screen the ecological nodes in our ecological network model and construct a “one core, three regions, and one belt” ecological security pattern by combining the geographical characteristics of the research region and the local policy planning guidance. We also provided ecological control, restoration, and construction suggestions based on the corridor plans of other administrative regions and the different types of source area.
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Zhou, Di, and Wei Song. "Identifying Ecological Corridors and Networks in Mountainous Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094797.
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Since the 1950s, human activities have been driving economic development and land changes, hindering the conservation of biological habitats and landscape connectivity. Constructing ecological networks is an effective means to avoid habitat destruction and fragmentation. Mountain areas are hotspots of biological habitats and biodiversity; however, the pace of urbanization in mountain areas is also accelerating. To protect an ecosystem more effectively, it is necessary to identify ecological corridors and ecological networks. Therefore, based on the Minimal Cumulative Resistance model and taking Chongqing in China as an example, the identification of potential ecological corridors and the construction of an ecological network in Chongqing were realized using the Linkage Mapper software. The results were as follows: (1) From 2005 to 2015, the patch area of cultivated land and grassland in Chongqing decreased by 0.08% and 1.46%, respectively, while that of built-up areas increased by 1.5%. The fragmentation degree of cultivated land was higher, and the internal connectivity of forestry areas was worse. (2) In total, 24 ecological sources were selected, and 87 potential ecological corridors and 35 ecological nodes were generated using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and the Conefor2.6 software. The total length of the ecological network in Chongqing is 2524.34 km, with an average corridor length of 29.02 km. (3) The overall complexity and network efficiency are high, but the spatial distribution of ecological corridors is uneven, especially in the southwest of Chongqing.
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Xiao, Ling, Li Cui, Qun’ou Jiang, Meilin Wang, Lidan Xu, and Haiming Yan. "Spatial Structure of a Potential Ecological Network in Nanping, China, Based on Ecosystem Service Functions." Land 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9100376.
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The increasing scale of urbanization and human activities has resulted in the fragmentation of natural habitats, leading to the reduction of ecological landscape connectivity and biodiversity. Taking Nanping as the study area, the core areas with good connectivity were extracted as ecological sources using a morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity index. Then the ecosystem service functions of the ecological sources were evaluated based on the InVEST model. Finally, we extracted the potential ecological corridor based on the land type, elevation and ecosystem service functions. The results showed that the ecological source with higher landscape connectivity is distributed in the north and there are clear landscape connectivity faults in the northern and southern regions. Moreover, the areas with high habitat quality, soil retention and water production are mainly distributed in the northern ecological source areas. The 15 potential ecological corridors extracted were distributed unevenly. Among them, the important ecological corridors formed a triangle network, while the general ecological corridors were concentrated in the northwest. Therefore, it is suggested that the important core patches in the north be protected, and the effective connection between the north and south be improved. These results can provide a scientific basis for ecological construction and hierarchical management of the ecological networks.
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Dreiss, Lindsay M., L. Mae Lacey, Theodore C. Weber, Aimee Delach, Talia E. Niederman, and Jacob W. Malcom. "Targeting current species ranges and carbon stocks fails to conserve biodiversity in a changing climate: opportunities to support climate adaptation under 30 × 30." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 024033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4f8c.
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Abstract Protecting areas for climate adaptation will be essential to ensuring greater opportunity for species conservation well into the future. However, many proposals for protected areas expansion focus on our understanding of current spatial patterns, which may be ineffective surrogates for future needs. A science-driven call to address the biodiversity and climate crises by conserving at least 30% of lands and waters by 2030, 30 × 30, presents new opportunities to inform the siting of new protections globally and in the US. Here we identify climate refugia and corridors based on a weighted combination of currently available models; compare them to current biodiversity hotspots and carbon-rich areas to understand how 30 × 30 protections siting may be biased by data omission; and compare identified refugia and corridors to the protected areas database to assess current levels of protection. Available data indicate that 20.5% and 27.5% of identified climate adaptation areas (refugia and/or corridor) coincides with current imperiled species hotspots and carbon-rich areas, respectively. With only 12.5% of climate refugia and corridors protected, a continued focus on current spatial patterns in species and carbon richness will not inherently conserve places critical for climate adaptation. However, there is ample opportunity for establishing future-minded protections: 52% of the contiguous US falls into the top quartile of values for at least one class of climate refugia. Nearly 27% is already part of the protected areas network but managed for multiple uses that may limit their ability to contribute to the goals of 30 × 30. Additionally, nearly two-thirds of nationally identified refugia coincide with ecoregion-specific refugia suggesting representation of nearly all ecoregions in national efforts focused on conserving climate refugia. Based on these results, we recommend that land planners and managers make more explicit policy priorities and strategic decisions for future-minded protections and climate adaptation.
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Hu, Jiameng, Yanfang Liu, and Jian Fang. "Ecological Corridor Construction Based on Least-Cost Modeling Using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Nighttime Light Data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index." Land 10, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080782.
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Anthropic pressure is one of the main drivers of landscape change and biodiversity loss. Artificial nighttime light, which can affect species behavior, is an important human-induced threat to biodiversity, but it is often ignored in ecological connectivity research. To mitigate the adverse impacts of artificial lighting on biodiversity, this study integrates artificial nighttime light in landscape ecology and analyzes the influence of artificial nighttime light on landscape connectivity. A quantitative approach integrating nighttime light brightness from a Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) with a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from a Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is proposed to estimate the matrix resistance, which can identify the sensitive areas that are disrupted by nighttime light. It was found that the nightscape in the study area is significantly disrupted by nighttime light and the matrix resistance in the center of the study area significantly increases. Compared to the least-cost routes from the NDVI, the “dark” least-cost ecological corridors constructed using our approach apparently change in both location and distance. The corridors moved to the outer suburbs and rural areas, and the maximum increase in distance of the least-cost paths was 37.94%. Due to less disturbance from human activity and the maintenance of a pristine nightscape, “dark” ecological corridors can reduce the adverse effects of night lights and contribute to biodiversity. However, natural habitats have been greatly affected by nighttime light with the increase in global illumination, and it is essential that we improve public awareness of light pollution and formulate light-reduction policies and legislation.
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Fňukalová, Eliška, Vladimír Zýka, and Dušan Romportl. "The Network of Green Infrastructure Based on Ecosystem Services Supply in Central Europe." Land 10, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060592.
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Green infrastructure is a strategically planned network that broadens traditional biodiversity conservation methods to also encompass the concept of ecosystem services (ES). This study aims to identify the network of green infrastructure in Central Europe. An analysis of ecological connectivity is based on ES supply quantified for CORINE land cover classes. Corridors between core areas, which are represented by Natura 2000 sites, are based on the capacity of ecosystems to supply maintenance and regulating ES. The delineated network of corridors of green infrastructure covers approximately 15% of the landscape of Central Europe that provides high levels of various ES. Ecological corridors create linkages between Natura 2000 sites and support the migration and dispersal of species. Central Europe is an important transitional region where coordinated improvement of ecological connectivity is fundamental. Moreover, promotion of the green infrastructure network and full implementation of the EU Birds and Habitats Directives are targets of two important documents at the European level, the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 and the EU Strategy on Green Infrastructure.
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Tang, Qian, Jiping Li, Tao Tang, Pengcheng Liao, and Danmei Wang. "Construction of a Forest Ecological Network Based on the Forest Ecological Suitability Index and the Morphological Spatial Pattern Method: A Case Study of Jindong Forest Farm in Hunan Province." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053082.
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Human activities and climate change have resulted in an increasing fragmentation of forest landscapes, and the conflict between biodiversity protection and economic development has become more pronounced. The establishment of forest ecological networks can be a vital part of biodiversity conservation and sustainable forest development. Using Jindong Forest Farm as the study area, this study combines the forest ecological suitability index, morphological spatial pattern analysis, the area method, and the landscape connectivity index (PC, IIC). This will identify ecological source areas in the study area, extract ecological corridors using the minimum cumulative resistance model and the gravity model, and construct a forest ecological network with ecological source areas as points and ecological corridors as edges. This study identified 11 forest patches in highly suitable habitat regions as ecological source regions, and 54 potential corridors were extracted. The study’s results show that a careful analysis of the forest landscape’s ecological suitability and morphological spatial pattern provides a scientific method for the rational selection of ecological source regions and serves as a reference for protecting forest species diversity and sustainable forest development.
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Su, Xueping, Yong Zhou, and Qing Li. "Designing Ecological Security Patterns Based on the Framework of Ecological Quality and Ecological Sensitivity: A Case Study of Jianghan Plain, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 8, 2021): 8383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168383.
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Researchers and managers of natural resource conservation have increasingly emphasized the importance of maintaining a connected network of important ecological patches to mitigate landscape fragmentation, reduce the decline of biodiversity, and sustain ecological services. This research aimed to guide landscape management and decision-making by developing an evaluation framework to construct ecological security patterns. Taking the Jianghan Plain as the study area, we identified key ecological sources by overlaying the spatial patterns of ecological quality (biodiversity, carbon storage, and water yield) and ecological sensitivity (habitat sensitivity, soil erosion sensitivity, and water sensitivity) using the Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and the Chinese Soil Loss Equation Function. Ecological corridors were obtained by the least-cost path analysis method and circuit theory. A total of 48 ecological sources (3812.95 km2), primarily consisting of water area, forestland, and cropland, were identified. Ninety-one ecological corridors were derived, with a total length of 2036.28 km. Forty barriers and 40 pinch points with the highest improvement coefficient scores or priority scores were selected. There were 11 priority corridors with very high levels of connectivity improvement potential and conservation priority, occupying 16.15% of the total length of corridors. The overall potential for ecological connectivity is high on the Jianghan Plain. Our framework offers a valuable reference for constructing ecological security patterns and identifying sites for ecological restoration at the regional scale.
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Kormann, Urs, Christoph Scherber, Teja Tscharntke, Nadja Klein, Manuel Larbig, Jonathon J. Valente, Adam S. Hadley, and Matthew G. Betts. "Corridors restore animal-mediated pollination in fragmented tropical forest landscapes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1823 (January 27, 2016): 20152347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2347.
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Tropical biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions have become heavily eroded through habitat loss. Animal-mediated pollination is required in more than 94% of higher tropical plant species and 75% of the world's leading food crops, but it remains unclear if corridors avert deforestation-driven pollination breakdown in fragmented tropical landscapes. Here, we used manipulative resource experiments and field observations to show that corridors functionally connect neotropical forest fragments for forest-associated hummingbirds and increase pollen transfer. Further, corridors boosted forest-associated pollinator availability in fragments by 14.3 times compared with unconnected equivalents, increasing overall pollination success . Plants in patches without corridors showed pollination rates equal to bagged control flowers, indicating pollination failure in isolated fragments. This indicates, for the first time, that corridors benefit tropical forest ecosystems beyond boosting local species richness, by functionally connecting mutualistic network partners. We conclude that small-scale adjustments to landscape configuration safeguard native pollinators and associated pollination services in tropical forest landscapes.
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Schirmer, M., J. Luster, N. Linde, P. Perona, E. A. D. Mitchell, D. A. Barry, J. Hollender, et al. "Morphological, hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological changes and challenges in river restoration – the Thur River case study." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 6 (June 27, 2014): 2449–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2449-2014.
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Abstract. River restoration can enhance river dynamics, environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity, but the underlying processes governing the dynamic changes need to be understood to ensure that restoration projects meet their goals, and adverse effects are prevented. In particular, we need to comprehend how hydromorphological variability quantitatively relates to ecosystem functioning and services, biodiversity as well as ground- and surface water quality in restored river corridors. This involves (i) physical processes and structural properties, determining erosion and sedimentation, as well as solute and heat transport behavior in surface water and within the subsurface; (ii) biogeochemical processes and characteristics, including the turnover of nutrients and natural water constituents; and (iii) ecological processes and indicators related to biodiversity and ecological functioning. All these aspects are interlinked, requiring an interdisciplinary investigation approach. Here, we present an overview of the recently completed RECORD (REstored CORridor Dynamics) project in which we combined physical, chemical, and biological observations with modeling at a restored river corridor of the perialpine Thur River in Switzerland. Our results show that river restoration, beyond inducing morphologic changes that reshape the river bed and banks, triggered complex spatial patterns of bank infiltration, and affected habitat type, biotic communities and biogeochemical processes. We adopted an interdisciplinary approach of monitoring the continuing changes due to restoration measures to address the following questions: How stable is the morphological variability established by restoration? Does morphological variability guarantee an improvement in biodiversity? How does morphological variability affect biogeochemical transformations in the river corridor? What are some potential adverse effects of river restoration? How is river restoration influenced by catchment-scale hydraulics and which feedbacks exist on the large scale? Beyond summarizing the major results of individual studies within the project, we show that these overarching questions could only be addressed in an interdisciplinary framework.
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Shi, Hui, Tiange Shi, Zhaoping Yang, Zhi Wang, Fang Han, and Cuirong Wang. "Effect of Roads on Ecological Corridors Used for Wildlife Movement in a Natural Heritage Site." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 2, 2018): 2725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082725.
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Roads are the link between geographic space and human socio-economic activities, promoting local economic development, and simultaneously causing various negative effects, such as segmentation, interference, destruction, degradation, and pollution. In China, the construction of roads is rapid, which might affect wildlife movement, landscape pattern, and land use change, thereby, affecting the conservation of heritage sites. In the present study, the minimum cumulative resistance model, along with geographic information system technology, was adopted to compute the ecological corridor for wildlife movement between the source patches and to analyze ecological corridor changes under two conditions (road presence/absence) at two time points in Kanas, nominated as a World Natural Heritage site. The relationships between the ecological corridor changes and various factors, including the cutting index of the ‘road-effect zones’, terrain, and road geometric characteristics, were examined using the geographical detector model to identify the influencing factors and mechanisms of the corridor changes, in order to rationally simulate the potential ecological corridors. In addition, the detached and fragmented ecological patches can be connected to effectively protect the biodiversity, biological habitats, and species, which are important means to achieve regional sustainable development and ecological construction.
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Popescu, Oana-Cătălina, Antonio-Valentin Tache, and Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor. "Methodology for Identifying Ecological Corridors: A Spatial Planning Perspective." Land 11, no. 7 (July 4, 2022): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071013.
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Recent studies carried out by landscape and urban ecologists have shown that habitat fragmentation has negative environmental effects and is accountable for the loss of biodiversity. The development and extension of road infrastructure to support economic growth, the urbanization and the land-use changes are major drivers of habitat fragmentation. Planners have attempted to develop tools for restoring connectivity and stopping biodiversity loss at the landscape scale and which can be applied at the urban scale, too. The study fills in the gap by developing a methodology for identifying the ecological corridors of a Romanian large carnivore (brown bear) in the Romanian Carpathian Mountains at several spatial scales. The methodology relies on geospatial data; this is equally its most important advantage and challenge. Our findings suggest that the implementation of ecological corridors in current planning practice must be completed cautiously, provided the possible restrictions are imposed on economic activities by plans, and highlight the importance of field data in increasing the scientific soundness of the results. In addition, the findings show the need to interconnect spatial planning policies with environmental policies by improving the actual legislation.
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Norwood, Chris. "Linkages in the Landscape: The Role of Corridors and Connectivity in wildlife Conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 2 (1999): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990158.
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Increasing demand for resources through a growing world population and the development of consumer led economies has led to large-scale habitat modification. One of the most disturbing aspects of these changes is the loss of biodiversity. Conservation biology as a discipline seeks to counteract or minimize the loss of biodiversity. Management is an Important aspect in achieving this goal. One concept used in Wildlife management and conservation is that of landscape linkages. Linkages are aimed at faclhtatmg .the connectivity for species, communities or ecological processes. There are many types of linkages in the landscape; both natural and human induced. Covered in this book are linkages such as greenways, dispersal corridors, riparian remnants, wildlife corridors, stepping stones, hedgerows and road underpasses. Linkages range in scale from small patches of old-growth forest in a forest mosaic to migratory routes for birds across and between continents.
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Velázquez, Javier, Derya Gülçin, Peter Vogt, Víctor Rincón, Ana Hernando, Javier Gutiérrez, Ali Uğur Özcan, and Kerim Çiçek. "Planning Restoration of Connectivity and Design of Corridors for Biodiversity Conservation." Forests 13, no. 12 (December 12, 2022): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13122132.
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Habitats have been undergoing significant changes due to environmental processes and human impact that lead into habitat fragmentation and connectivity loss. To improve quality habitats and maintain ecological connectivity, elements that improve the connectivity of habitats need to be identified. To meet this goal, finding optimal pathways locations plays a key role for designing corridors for biodiversity conservation. Conducted in the Castilla y León region of Spain, this paper aims to determine optimal pathways and to enhance the connectivity of protected areas. To this end, three different scenarios were developed including the Natura 2000 network and their surroundings (Natura 2000, Level 0, and Level 1). We used Restoration Planner (RP) available in GuidosToolbox to analyze the network and detect pairwise optimum restoration pathways between the five largest network objects. Our results demonstrate that connector density varies across the region for each scenario. There was also a large variability in the length of connectors. Connectors were found mainly distributed around the center and northwestern part of Castilla y León. This paper also suggests that proposed new restoration pathways should increase in the study area. Thus, the findings can be used effectively for extensive planning and interpretation in biodiversity conservation.
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McCormack, Phillipa C., Jan McDonald, and Kerryn A. Brent. "Governance of Land-based Negative-emission Technologies to Promote Biodiversity Conservation: Lessons from Australia." Climate Law 10, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 123–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002001.
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Climate change is a fundamental threat to biodiversity. Climate mitigation in general, and Negative-Emission Technologies (nets) in particular, have the potential to benefit biodiversity by reducing climate impacts. Domestic laws could help to ensure that nets have benefits for biodiversity adaptation to climate change (e.g. reducing land clearing and habitat loss and facilitating habitat restoration, corridors for species’ migration, and broader ecological resilience). Domestic laws will also need to govern trade-offs between nets and biodiversity adaptation (e.g. increased competition for land and landscape-scale fragmentation by new industrial developments and linear infrastructure). We argue that domestic laws should be used to maximize the benefits of nets while minimizing trade-offs for biodiversity. These laws should ensure that trade-offs are, at the very least, explicit and transparent, both in terms of their implications for current biodiversity and in the context of an acceleration of climate-driven biodiversity decline.
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Schirmer, M., J. Luster, N. Linde, P. Perona, E. A. D. Mitchell, D. A. Barry, O. A. Cirpka, P. Schneider, T. Vogt, and E. Durisch-Kaiser. "River restoration: morphological, hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological changes and challenges." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 20, 2013): 10913–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-10913-2013.
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Abstract. River restoration is essential as a means to enhance river dynamics, environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity. The underlying processes governing the dynamic changes need to be understood thoroughly to ensure that restoration projects meet their goals. In particular, we need to understand quantitatively how hydromorphological variability relates to ecosystem functioning and services, biodiversity and (ground)water quality in restored river corridors. Here, we provide a short overview on the literature and present a study of a restored river corridor in Switzerland combining physical, chemical, and biological observations with modeling. The results show complex spatial patterns of bank infiltration, habitat-type, biotic communities and biogeochemical processes. In particular, we found an increase in taxonomic and functional diversity for earthworms, testate amoebae and bacteria in the restored part of the river. This complexity is driven by river hydrology and morphodynamics, which are in turn actively coupled to riparian vegetation processes. Given this complexity and the multiple constraints on the uses and management of floodplains, a multi-disciplinary approach is needed to monitor the success of restoration measures and to make recommendations for future restoration projects.
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Taraborelli, P., N. Carrasco, M. Malaspina, MC Domínguez, A. Belaus, A. López, AS Scavone, A. Barbera, and MY Zamora. "Evaluation of agrobiodiversity and its trophic interactions as an indicator of sustainability in productive systems." Open Journal of Environmental Biology 7, no. 1 (May 6, 2022): 006–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojeb.000027.
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Agriculture has intervened, modified, and simplified ecosystems to obtain some goods and services. Conventional o industrial agriculture emphasizes the use of external inputs and the homogeneity of the landscape; agroecology promotes biodiversity to maximize biological interactions and their ecosystem services. The objective was to evaluate agrobiodiversity and its trophic interactions as an indicator of sustainability by comparing: industrial productive systems, and agro-ecological and semi-natural sites in the southern Pampas region. Samples were taken of mammals, birds, arthropods, and vegetation; with different indices, the food chains and the state of the system were evaluated. The results show that agricultural intensification simplifies landscape structure with a loss of biodiversity and the absence of functional groups (herbivores and nectarivorous). In agroecological wheat, the highest density of links was found and in agroecological pastures the highest grouping coefficient, this reveals greater cohesion and integration among the components of the system and more mechanisms of self-regulation. The agroecological diversity Index showed no differences between the management, this could be related to the presence of a biological corridor in the conventional field that would be increasing biodiversity. The key to achieving sustainable agroecosystems is to procure biodiverse landscapes with patches and corridors of shrub and herbaceous species.
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Petrtylova, Rebeka, Milan Husar, Matej Jasso, Maros Finka, Vladimir Ondrejicka, Junxiang Li, Krisztina Filepne Kovacs, Istvan Valanszki, and Laszlo Kollanyi. "Main Gaps in Ecological Corridors Identification, Management, and Preservation in Danube-Carpathian Region." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.3.31.
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The Danube-Carpathian region represents one of the most preserved natural habitats for wildlife species in Europe. It is the last European great wilderness area, a stronghold for large carnivores, and home to the large remaining reserves of old-growth forests. Achieving ecological connectivity of the area is an inevitable part of its protection. Therefore, ecological corridors, which play a wide range of roles such as protecting endangered species and the biodiversity of territory, and securing its eco-connectivity while facilitating various ecosystem services, need to be thoroughly identified, managed and protected. That can contribute to avoiding landscape fragmentation and preserving the environment, including the endangered animal species. However, a comprehensive and coordinated ecological corridor identification, management, and preservation system within this region are missing, and the concerned countries meet with diverse problems when dealing with the issue. That creates one of the key problems in protecting these valuable natural areas. In order to identify the main gaps in the planning processes and tools related to the ecological corridors, broad analytical work has been undertaken supported by the questionnaire, carried out in the concerned 5 countries located in the Danube-Carpathian region. The paper's objective is to identify the gaps in the identification, management, and preservation of ecological corridors' involvement of the public in the processes such as integration of ecological networks into spatial planning in legal processes. The outcome of the study thus contributes to establishing an integrated approach for strengthening the capacity for identifying, managing, and protecting ecological corridors and helps to overcome the conflict between infrastructure development and wildlife conservation. The paper's novelty lies in the scope and breadth of the analysis, covering 5 Carpathian countries and stakeholders from various sectors under the umbrella of EU funded Interreg DTP Project.
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Cantasano, Nicola. "Ecological Networks and Fluvial Corridors in Calabria (Southern Italy)." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 12 (December 2021): 1296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1385.
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The anthropic pressure on natural systems is the main cause for the present process of biodiversity loss in terrestrial biosphere [1]. Really, the human disturbance on Earth affects the 74.1% of terrestrial and marine habitats, including 22.4% completely modified, 51.7% partially disturbed and just the 25.9% in natural and pristine conditions [2]. At the beginning of third millenium, in the middle of a post-industrial era, named “Anthropocene” [3], mankind is causing the greatest mass extinction of wildlife in terrestrial biosphere [4-6].
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Powell, George V. N., and Robin D. Bjork. "Implications of altitudinal migration for conservation strategies to protect tropical biodiversity: a case study of the Resplendent QuetzalPharomacrus mocinnoat Monteverde, Costa Rica." Bird Conservation International 4, no. 2-3 (September 1994): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900002744.
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SummaryWe documented habitat use by the Resplendent QuetzalPharomacrus mocinno, a large frugivorous bird that breeds in cloud-forests in the highlands of Central America, to assess the adequacy of protection afforded to regional biodiversity by the Monteverde reserve complex, a protected natural area that includes most of the highland forests of the Tilarán mountain range in western Costa Rica. Our results demonstrated that this relatively large (20,000 ha) protected natural area does not adequately protect the area's biodiversity. Through the use of radio-telemetry, we identified the areas on the Pacific slopes that are most critical to altirudinally migrating Quetzals. These forest patches are subject to deforestation and degradation and are rapidly becoming further isolated from other remaining forest. The possibility of the local extirpation of the Quetzal, through continued habitat loss on the Pacific slopes, presents an unusual dilemma for the region because the species is the major attraction for the Ideal tourist industry which now includes over 80 businesses and annually generates over US$5 million in local revenue. Therefore, its extirpation would seriously affect regional economic stability. In order to protect the Monteverde Quetzal population, we propose a regional conservation plan that depends on participation of local landowners to protect their remaining forest fragments and allows for the development of corridors to connect critical habitats as the focus of a regional conservation effort. While the ecological significance of the structure of corridors per se, versus other possible formats, is still being debated, we have selected the corridor format primarily because it is relatively easy for landowners to grasp the concept and the necessity for continuity of the corridor network. This recognition provides an important incentive for participation across property boundaries, promoting cooperation in a group effort rather than as isolated actions. Success of this cooperative plan will provide an example for grass-roots participation in buffer-zone management strategies elsewhere in the Neotropics.
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Arauz-Beita, Ileana, and Adrián Arias-Navarro. "Biological Corridors as Enhancers of Local Development: Case Study of Biological Corridor Alexander Skutch." Universidad en Diálogo: Revista de Extensión 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/udre.6-1.4.
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When we relate to Protected Green Belts they involve a delimited territory, usually privately owned and whose purpose is to provide connectivity between landscapes, ecosystems and habitats – natural or modified – to ensure the maintenance of biodiversity and the ecological and evolutionary processes. For the last two years and within the outreach programs scenario at Brunca Regional Head Office, Perez Zeledon Campus, we have been working at Alexander Skutch Green Belt. This work has been done through FUNDER (University Funds for Regional Development), focused on the objective of strengthen the efforts the communities that belong to this specific belt do to help in the sustainability of the environment, natural and cultural resources. Because the concept of Green Belt was not well positioned or understood by the communities, they had not a real identification with the meaning of a Protected Green Belt. To develop the research process we started diagnosing each one of the seven communities located on Alexander Skutch Green Belt. The instrument included documentary and bibliographical research, field trips, and open forums to get acquainted with these communities’ economic, social and cultural characteristics and with the leaders of the communities. The most important results gathered during the research at A. S Green Belt, are the identification of the environmental problems in each one of the communities, the local initiatives on protection, get close to the Green Belt Counsel and give support to its members. On the other hand, we showed the people of the communities other significant efforts from communities around the country thus our participation in different activities as festivals, forums and activities in the Green Belt.
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Jackson, Stephen M., Mark Parsons, Marcus Baseler, and David Stanton. "Landscape management of the mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) across its distribution: subpopulations and corridor priorities." Australian Mammalogy 42, no. 2 (2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am19010.
Full textAbstract:
Key threatening processes to biodiversity include habitat loss and fragmentation, with populations restricted to small fragments of habitat being more prone to extinction. The mahogany glider (Petaurus gracilis) is endemic to sclerophyll woodland forests between Tully and Ingham in north Queensland and is one of Australia’s most endangered arboreal mammals due to these processes. The aim of this study was to identify the degree of habitat fragmentation of the remaining remnant vegetation of the mahogany glider, identify subpopulations within its distribution and identify key wildlife corridors for restoration to facilitate the movement of this species within and between subpopulations. Ten glider subpopulations, spread over 998 habitat fragments, were identified, of which only five subpopulations may currently be considered to be viable. To assist in providing habitat connectivity between and within the subpopulations, 55 corridors were identified for restoration that had an average length of 8.25 km. The average number of gaps greater than 30 m was 3.4 per corridor, with the average length of these gaps being 523 m. This study confirmed a high degree of habitat fragmentation across the distribution of the mahogany glider and highlighted the need to strengthen the remaining subpopulations by restoring habitat connectivity between the remaining habitat fragments.
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Yu, Fuqin, Baiping Zhang, Yonghui Yao, Jing Wang, Xinghang Zhang, Junjie Liu, and Jiayu Li. "Identifying Connectivity Conservation Priorities among Protected Areas in Qinling-Daba Mountains, China." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2022): 4377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084377.
Full textAbstract:
Mountain biodiversity is under unprecedented threat due to climate change and excessive human activity. Although protected areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of nature conservation, it is increasingly hard for isolated PAs to maintain the species and ecological processes they depend on in the long term. Linking nature reserves to form a large and connected conservation network is regarded as the optimal measure, but research in this field is lacking in China. We mapped PAs in the Qinling-Daba Mountains in China and identified corridors among PAs and the corridors’ key nodes using a least-cost analysis and circuit theory to model an ecological connectivity conservation network for the region. The results showed that this large ecological network has 46 habitat patches connected by 88 corridors, with 69 pinchpoints, 86 barriers and 37 stepping stones in and around the corridors. In this study, 34.86% of suitable habitats have little or no protection and, in the future, these areas should be developed with caution, with more emphasis on protecting their ecological connectivity. This study used connectivity analysis to construct large ecological corridors based on PAs, providing a framework for connectivity conservation at the biogeographic scale and a scientific reference for further, subsequent conservation actions.
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Scotts, David, Graham R. Fulton, and Michael Drielsma. "Developing landscape frameworks for regional conservation planning; an approach integrating fauna spatial distributions and ecological principles." Pacific Conservation Biology 8, no. 4 (2002): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030235.
Full textAbstract:
Habitat loss, degradation and fragmentation are heavily implicated in the decline of biodiversity throughout the world. Numerous conservation programmes have emerged in the attempt to deal with these primary threats but they are often isolated and disparate, foregoing opportunities for integrated, cumulative approaches and benefits. This paper describes an approach that, through the integration of species' modelled distributions, and the application of landscape ecology principles, systematically considers the spatial requirements of priority forest fauna as surrogates for biodiversity across the landscape. With the aid of innovative Geographic Information System analysis tools, key habitats and corridors for priority faunal assemblages are delineated across north-east New South Wales. The mapped outputs from this study provide spatially complete, data-driven, systematically derived conservation frameworks for the region. The frameworks provide an explicit basis for regional protected area networks and a landscape context for regional conservation planning. As predicted high conservation value habitats, the mapped key habitats and corridors are also focus areas for the protection, enhancement and restoration of native vegetation. The Geographic Information System-referenced key habitats and corridors conservation frameworks have been adopted for conservation planning in north-east New South Wales, including "off-reserve" planning (e.g., government and community-based programmes at regional, catchment and local levels), and "on-reserve" planning (e.g., national park and nature reserve management planning). The approach is applicable to other regions, wherever Geographic Information System-based spatial mapping, describing habitat quality for fauna species, can be collated.