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Academic literature on the topic 'Biodiversité et fonctionnement des forêts néotropicales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Biodiversité et fonctionnement des forêts néotropicales"
Savoie, Jean-Marie, Marie Thomas, Eugénie Cateau, Nicolas Gouix, and Pierre Paccard. "Connaître les forêts anciennes et matures : comment ? pourquoi ?" Revue forestière française 73, no. 2-3 (March 30, 2022): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5468.
Full textMorel, Loïs, and Simon Chollet. "Naturalité et biodiversité : des relations à préciser pour penser la valeur de conservation des écosystèmes en libre évolution." Revue forestière française 73, no. 2-3 (March 30, 2022): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5473.
Full textGarrigue, Joseph, Laurent Larrieu, and Bernard Boisson. "« Que voit-on dans une forêt en libre évolution que l'on ne voit pas ailleurs ? », trois regards complémentaires." Revue forestière française 73, no. 2-3 (March 30, 2022): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/revforfr.2021.5465.
Full textCANDELIER, Kévin, and Jean-François TRÉBUCHON. "Bois et Forêts des Tropiques contribue à la médiation scientifique pour accompagner les changements indispensables de la société." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 349 (October 11, 2021): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.349.a36797.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Biodiversité et fonctionnement des forêts néotropicales"
Maurent, Eliott. "Des forêts tropicales et des humains dans les Amériques : trajectoires de réponse aux perturbations anthropiques de la diversité et de la composition des arbres. Of tropical forests and humans in the Americas : response trajectories of tree diversity and composition to anthropogenic disturbances." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AGPT0014.
Full textTropical forests face more frequent and intense anthropogenic disturbances, such as selective logging, namely the felling and harvesting of a few commercially valuable trees in old-growth forests, while the remaining stand is left for natural regeneration. Many studies focused on this regeneration, particularly on the recovery of carbon and timber stocks, most likely due to a strong interest in climate change mitigation and logging profitability. However, despite the crucial role of biodiversity for ecosystem maintenance and functioning - and its intrinsic value - there have been few studies on the impact of selective logging on biodiversity. Therefore, this thesis - organised in three studies - aimed at characterising the response of tree diversity and composition to logging in tropical American forests.First, we drew upon the long-term forest inventories (1986-2021, trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm) from Paracou experimental station to build a Bayesian modelling framework of tree diversity and composition trajectories after selective logging. Paracou is located in French Guiana and was disturbed by silvicultural treatments of different intensities in 1986-1987. We propagated in our Bayesian framework the uncertainty associated with botanical determination and functional trait measurements, and modelled Paracou trajectories of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional tree diversity and composition at the species level, relatively to their pre-disturbance levels. Additionally, we assessed the effect of pre-disturbance tree community characteristics, biophysical conditions and disturbance properties on our forest attribute trajectories. Second, we used a simplified version of the aforementioned Bayesian modelling framework on long-term forest inventories from sample plots located in Costa Rica and three Amazonian countries (respectively belonging to the Observatorio de los Ecosistemas Forestales de Costa Rica and the Tropical managed Forest Observatory). We modelled their post-logging trajectories of taxonomic and functional tree diversity and composition at the genus level, from which we extracted indicators solely over the inventory timespan of each site. We then assessed the effect of pre-disturbance tree community structure and disturbance properties on such indicators. While more variable in the second study with a broader geographical scope than in the first one, we observed similar trends in both studies: diversity mostly increased after logging and tree communities mainly shifted from resource-conservative strategies to resource-acquisitive strategies. Such changes appeared to be driven by the abundant and transient recruitment of early-successional species with acquisitive trait values, which provided them with a competitive advantage as disturbance intensity - i.e., light and space availability - increased. Indeed, changes in diversity and composition increased in both studies with disturbance intensity whereas disturbance selectivity, pre-disturbance tree community characteristics and biophysical conditions had no significant effect. Third, building up on the paramount importance of disturbance intensity in the two previous studies, we developed an original Bayesian hierarchical model of recovery trajectories, considering disturbed forests in a common framework, through a disturbance intensity gradient. We tested our modelling approach on data from two long-term experiments in Costa Rica and French Guiana, set up after selective logging, agriculture, and clearcutting and fire.Overall, these results opened various perspectives on the methods used to evaluate forest response to disturbance, the forest response itself and the ecological processes underlying forest succession, and how disturbed forests could be considered in forest management and conservation plans
Dézerald, Olivier. "Impacts des changements environnementaux sur la biodiversité néotropicale : réponses structurelles et fonctionnelles des réseaux trophiques faunistiques des broméliacées à réservoirs." Thesis, Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015YANE0003/document.
Full textNeotropical forests shelter an astonishing and underrated biodiversity. The integrity and stability of these natural ecosystems are threatened by human-induced environmental changes. Therefore, highlighting the determinants of ecosystem functioning, be they natural or anthropogenic, is a daunting but paramount scientific challenge. The intrinsic complexity of highly diversified ecosystems arouses both conceptual and logistical difficulties, which we handle, by manipulating tiny ecosystems, the tank bromeliads. The leaves of tank bromeliads form wells that hold rainwater and intercept leaf litter, allowing for a simple invertebrate aquatic community to thrive. These plants can be exhaustively sampled, are naturally replicated, and widely distributed.From local to biogeographic scales, this thesis aims at understanding how these communities respond to the natural heterogeneity of Amazonian forests, and at predicting the impacts of human-induced disturbances on the structure and functioning of these communities, using in situ and lab experiments. Particular focus is attributed to the influence of some aspects of climate changes (e.g., warming, and various precipitations scenarios) on individual physiology, behavior, and trophic interactions
Mirabel, Ariane Sandrine. "Réponse et résilience de la biodiversité d'une Forêt Tropicale après Perturbation Inescapable Taxonomists : Workable Biodiversity Management Based on a Minimum Field Work Post-Disturbance Tree Community Trajectories in a Neotropical Forest 30 Years of Post-disturbance Recruitment in a Neotropical Forest." Thesis, Guyane, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018YANE0006.
Full textForest are currently threatened by the global changing context. Maintain the goods and services they provide require clarifying tree community diversity response to disturbance, that determine forest functioning, maintenance and resilience. This is specifically crucial in tropical forests that are both the most threatened regions and those with the highest environmental, social and economic stakes. In this context, this work studies the taxonomic and functional response to disturbance of a Neotropical community. Through post-disturbance diversity trajectories in the long term we examined the ecological processes underlying community response to disturbance, explicit the taxonomic and functional aspects of community recovery, and eventually discussed some perspectives for forest management and modeling. From the monitoring dataset of the Paracou experimental station in French Guiana we examined tree community response to disturbance over the thirty years following a disturbance gradient. First, we developed and tested a diversity estimator tackling the taxonomic uncertainties of forest inventories and improving the accuracy of biodiversity surveys. The estimator based on botanical/vernacular association probability to account of taxonomic uncertainties in various diversity measurement framework. The estimator, further used in this worked, was first calibrated to improve the estimation accuracy and was then validated with real forest inventories. The results allowed designing an inventory protocol optimizing the cost of inventories and the accuracy of the diversity measure. Second, we analyzed the post-disturbance taxonomic and functional trajectories of diversity, composition and redundant at the scale of the whole community. We combined the 30 years of botanical inventories with a large functional dataset encompassing key leaf, root, wood and life-history functional traits. Eventually, we specifically analyzed the post-disturbance recruitment processes and the diversity and composition succession.We highlighted the emergence after disturbance of deterministic processes driving community taxonomic and functional response to disturbance. Deterministic processes favored the recruitment of a restricted pool of pioneer species, similar for to all communities and disturbance intensity. Around fifteen years after disturbance, the recovery of community initial characteristics started with the recovery of stochastic processes driving non-disturbed communities. At the whole-community scale, this succession translated into a cyclic trajectory of taxonomic composition leading to a recovery of the pre-disturbance composition and a maintenance of differences among communities. Disturbance increased both taxonomic richness and evenness until an intensity threshold above which, in accordance with the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, the taxonomic richness decreased and the pioneers became persistently dominant. The functional trajectories however proved decoupled from taxonomic trajectories. Functional diversity increased whatever the disturbance, without any intensity threshold, and functional composition trajectories converged in the functional space without marked differences among communities. This decoupling was explained by the functional redundancy that mitigated the functional impact of disturbance and proved to be the slow parameter of tropical forest recovery.Our results showed a tangible taxonomic and functional recovery of communities after the gradient of disturbance but this recovery proved decades-long. In the light of those results, we discussed the practices of sustainable forest management and several perspectives of forest diversity modeling
Hedde, Mickael. "Etude de la relation entre la diversité des macro-invertébrés et la dynamique de la matière organique des sols limoneux de Haute-Normandie." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543169.
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