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1
Shojae, Kianoosh, and Majid Mahdavian. "Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils in the Diesel Engine: A Review." Current Biochemical Engineering 6, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212711906666200224094505.
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Background: Vegetable oil of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) that is obtained by triglycerides of transesterification in the presence of methanol, recently, has been highly regarded by scholars for use in diesel engines. These oils can be used as biodiesels in diesel engines and have various benefits (these fuels are renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic). Objective: In this work, many studies are reviewed in the field of using vegetable oils as biodiesel in diesel engines. Moreover, a simulation study is conducted to compare oxygen and peak pressure of a diesel engine fueled by three different biodiesels in comparison to diesel fuel. We have examined the chemical ignition delay time and kinetic viscosity of biodiesel in the combustion process of diesel engine and the effects of these factors are evaluated on air–fuel mixing and subsequent combustion.
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Nguyen, Thanh Viet, Khanh Duc Nguyen, Nang Xuan Ho, and Vinh Duy Nguyen. "Engine performance and combustion characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine fueled waste cooking oil synthetic diesel." International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 7, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40789-020-00328-x.
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Abstract Biodiesels produced from various feedstocks have been considered as alternative fuels used in internal combustion engines without major modifications. This research focuses on producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCOSD) by the catalytic cracking method using MgO as the catalyst and comparing the engine operating characteristics of the test engine when using WCOSD and traditional diesel (CD) as test fuels. As a result, the brake power of the test engine fueled WCOSD, and traditional diesel is similar. However, the engine fuel consumption in the case of using WCOSD is slight increases in some operating conditions. Also, the nitrogen oxides emissions of the test engine fueled WCOSD are higher than those of CD at all tested conditions. The trend is opposite for hydrocarbon emission as the HC emission of the engine fueled by WCOSD reduces 26.3% on average. The smoke emission of the test engine in case of using WCOSD is lower 17% on average than that of CD. However, the carbon monoxide emissions are lower at the low and medium loads and higher at the full loads. These results show that the new biodiesel has the same characteristics as those of commercial biodiesel and can be used as fuel for diesel engines.
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Yildiz, Ibrahim, Hakan Caliskan, and Kazutoshi Mori. "Exergy analysis and nanoparticle assessment of cooking oil biodiesel and standard diesel fueled internal combustion engine." Energy & Environment 31, no. 8 (July 2, 2019): 1303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x19860234.
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In this paper, the exergy analysis and environmental assessment are performed to the biodiesel and diesel-fueled engine at full 294 Nm and 1800 r/min. The exergy loss rates of fuels are found as 15.523 and 18.884 kW for the 100% biodiesel (BDF100) (obtained from cooking oil) and Japanese Industrial Standard Diesel No. 2 (JIS#2) fuels, respectively. In addition, the exergy destruction rate of the JIS#2 fuel is found as 80.670 kW, while the corresponding rate of the BDF100 is determined as 62.389 kW. According to environmental assessments of emissions and nanoparticles of the fuels, the biodiesel (BDF100) fuel is more environmentally benign than the diesel (JIS#2) fuel in terms of particle concentration and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. So, it is better to use this kind of the 100% biodiesels in the diesel engines for better environment and efficiency in terms of the availability and environmental perspectives.
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Kaewbuddee, Chalita, Ekarong Sukjit, Jiraphon Srisertpol, Somkiat Maithomklang, Khatha Wathakit, Niti Klinkaew, Pansa Liplap, and Weerachai Arjharn. "Evaluation of Waste Plastic Oil-Biodiesel Blends as Alternative Fuels for Diesel Engines." Energies 13, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112823.
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This study examined the use of waste plastic oil (WPO) combined with biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines, also commonly known as compression ignition engines, and focused on comparison of the basic physical and chemical properties of fuels, engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emissions. A preliminary study was conducted to determine the suitable ratio for the fuel blends in consideration of fuel lubricity and viscosity, and these results indicated that 10% biodiesel—derived from either palm oil or castor oil—in waste plastic oil was optimal. In addition, characterization of the basic properties of these fuel blends revealed that they had higher density and specific gravity and a lower flash point than diesel fuel, while the fuel heating value, viscosity, and cetane index were similar. The fuel blends, comprised of waste plastic oil with either 10% palm oil biodiesel (WPOP10) or 10% castor oil biodiesel (WPOC10), were selected for further investigation in engine tests in which diesel fuel and waste plastic oil were also included as baseline fuels. The experimental results of the performance of the engine showed that the combustion of WPO was similar to diesel fuel for all the tested engine loads and the addition of castor oil as compared to palm oil biodiesel caused a delay in the start of the combustion. Both biodiesel blends slightly improved brake thermal efficiency and smoke emissions with respect to diesel fuel. The addition of biodiesel to WPO tended to reduce the levels of hydrocarbon- and oxide-containing nitrogen emissions. One drawback of adding biodiesel to WPO was increased carbon monoxide and smoke. Comparing the two biodiesels used in the study, the presence of castor oil in waste plastic oil showed lower carbon monoxide and smoke emissions without penalty in terms of increased levels of hydrocarbon- and oxide-containing nitrogen emissions when the engine was operated at high load.
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Peng, De-Xing. "Tribological and emission characteristics of indirect ignition diesel engine fuelled with waste edible oil." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, no. 5 (August 8, 2016): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-10-2015-0151.
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Purpose Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. Future economic growth depends heavily on the long-term availability of energy from sources that are affordable, accessible and environmentally friendly. Regulating the sulfur content in diesel fuel is expected to reduce the lubricity of these fuels, which may result in increased wear and damage of fuel injection systems in diesel engines. Design/methodology/approach The tribological properties of the biodiesels as additive in pure petro-diesel are studied by ball-on-ring wear tester to find optimal concentration, and the mechanism of the reduction of wear and friction will be investigated by optical microscopy. Findings Studies have shown that low concentrations of biodiesel blends are more effective as lubricants because of their superior polarity. Using biodiesel as a fuel additive in a pure petroleum diesel fuel improves engine performance and exhaust emissions. The high biodegradability and superior lubricating property of biodiesel when used in compression ignition engines renders it an excellent fuel. Originality/value This detailed experimental investigation confirms that biodiesel can substitute mineral diesel without any modification in the engine. The use of biofuels as diesel engine fuels can play a vital role in helping the developed and developing countries to reduce the environmental impact of fossil fuels.
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Basavarajappa, D. N., N. R. Banapurmath, S. V. Khandal, and G. Manavendra. "Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 4, no. 1 (February 15, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.4.1.1-10.
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For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions. Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.
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Hari, Prasad K., Srinivasan C. Ananda, and Kumar K. Praveen. "Pefformance and Emission Evaluation of Direct Inejction Diesel Engine Using Canola, Sesame Biodiesels with N-Butanol." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2021-0012.
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Abstract Biodiesels from vegetable oils are also gaining momentum as a encouraging fuels which acts as alternative for agricultural diesel engines. Even though there is a slight penalty in the performance parameters by the usage of vegetable biodiesel fuels in diesel engines because of their high viscosity, there is considerable reduction in emissions which is dominant factor from the environmental perspective. In the present experimental work four fuels Canola (20% Canola oil plus 80% Diesel) biodiesel (B20C),Sesame (20% Sesame oil plus 80% Diesel) biodiesel (B20S), B20C blended with 5% n-butanol(B20C5B) and B20S is blended with 5% nbutanol(B20S5B) have tried as an alternative fuels to the Diesel. In the primitive stage tests were supervised on diesel engine with diesel. Thereafter in the second stage, tests were directed at identical operating conditions by using B20C, B20S and their blends as biodiesels. The engine important performance parameters brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and also the emission characteristics hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke opacity and nitrogen oxides (NOx) are evaluated. The results are contrasted with respect on base line data (diesel). From the experimental readings it was observed that the BTE of B20C, B20S, B20C5B and B20S5B at 100% load decreased by 2.64%,1.9 %,1.41% and 0.94% respectively, relative to diesel (D). At maximum loading condition BSFC for diesel,B20C,B20S,B20C5B and B20S5B are 0.254, 0.284,0.273,0.270 and 0.260kg/kWh. Overall, it is concluded that the emission characteristics of HC, CO and Smoke opacity are dropped for all tested biodiesels when compared to diesel fuel.
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Ali, Obed M., and Rizalman Mamat. "Improving Engine Performance and Low Temperature Properties of Blended Palm Biodiesel Using Additives. A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.68.
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After the oil crisis in 1973, renewable sources of energy are gianing more interest due to multiplicity feedstocks and lower pollution compared with fossil fuels. Wide agricultural lands through the world are not fully benefited. Therefore, farming should include the production of non-food products which are suitable to weather conditions of these lands. This leads to the production of biodiesels as renewable fuel for the domestic energy market, to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biodiesel have gained a large interest of researches during the last few decades, the major reason to find an alternative fuel, is the increasing worry about the greenhouse gas effects and environmental regulations. Blended palm biodiesel with ordinary diesel fuel have been approved as a fuel for compression ignition engines without any modification. Palm biodiesel application is relatively limited to its poor cold flow properties characteristics. Many experimental studies are conducted to evaluate the influence of using different additives with Palm Oil Methyl Ester (POME) biodiesel/diesel blends on fuel properties (viscosity, cold properties, anticorrosiveness, cetane number, heat content, volatility) and engine performance. This article provides a literature survey on the effect of different additives to improve the fuel properties of palm biodiesel and engine performance. The review shows that the additive usage in palm biodiesel is accompanying for improving the cold flow properties and better engine performance as well emission regulation.
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Ganapathy, Thirunavukkarasu, Parkash Gakkhar, and Krishnan Murugesan. "An analytical and experimental study of performance on jatropha biodiesel engine." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903069g.
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Biodiesel plays a major role as one of the alternative fuel options in direct injection diesel engines for more than a decade. Though many feed stocks are employed for making biodiesel worldwide, biodiesel derived from domestically available non-edible feed stocks such as Jatropha curcas L. is the most promising alternative engine fuel option especially in developing countries. Since experimental analysis of the engine is pricey as well as more time consuming and laborious, a theoretical thermodynamic model is necessary to analyze the performance characteristics of jatropha biodiesel fueled diesel engine. There were many experimental studies of jatropha biodiesel fueled diesel engine reported in the literature, yet theoretical study of this biodiesel run diesel engine is scarce. This work presents a theoretical thermodynamic study of single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel derived from jatropha oil. The two zone thermodynamic model developed in the present study computes the in-cylinder pressure and temperature histories in addition to various performance parameters. The results of the model are validated with experimental values for a reasonable agreement. The variation of cylinder pressure with crank angle for various models are also compared and presented. The effects of injection timing, relative air fuel ratio and compression ratio on the engine performance characteristics for diesel and jatropha biodiesel fuels are then investigated and presented in the paper.
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Song, Jian Tong, and Chun Hua Zhang. "Comparison of Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Soybean Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1408.
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Biodiesel as a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils has better lubricating properties and much higher cetane ratings than today's lower sulfur diesel fuels. It is considered as an attractive alternative to replace diesel fuels. In order to investigate application of biodiesel on vehicle diesel engines, the power and fuel economies performances of a diesel fueled soybean biodiesel with different blending ratios were tested under different engine loads and speeds. Experimental results show that, compared with diesel fuel, with increase in the biodiesel in the blends, the brake power and torque, and the brake specific energy consumption increase but the fuel consumption per hour and brake specific fuel consumption decrease.
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Erdiwansyah, M. SM Sani, Rizalman Mamat, Fitri Khoerunnisa, AR Rajkumar, N. F. D. Razak, and R. E. Sardjono. "Vibration Analysis of the Engine Using Biofuel Blends: A Review." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822501010.
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The vibrations and noise of the internal combustion engine may be affected by several factors such as combustion pressure, movement of the piston-crank mechanism, coolant factor flow, engine body, and fuel inlet of the injector. Various ways have been done to reduce vibration and noise in the engine, including fuel. Alternative biofuels can be used in internal combustion engines without having to modify and change parameters on the machine. Several researchers have studied the effects of vibration and noise in the engine using various fuel mixtures. The results from some literature reported that biodiesel blend fuels proved to reduce vibration and noise in engines as compared to pure diesel. Meanwhile, ethanol fuel mixed with gasoline shows significant vibration changes at engine speeds of 1,500 and 2,500 rpm. The review aims to analyse the effects of vibration and noise on engines fueled by fuel mixtures, as well as fuel properties used as a move for future research. Based on the analysis from several kinds of literature, it shows that the use of biodiesel fuel and ethanol-gasoline can reduce vibration and noise.
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Lima Júnior, José, Ricardo Rodrigues Magalhaes, Danton Diego Ferreira, and Paulo Henrique Cruz Pereira. "VIBRATION LEVEL EVALUATION OF ENGINES FUELED WITH BRAZILIAN COMMERCIAL DIESEL AND BIODIESEL." Theoretical and Applied Engineering 4, no. 3 (April 27, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31422/taae.v4i1.29.
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This paper is aimed to analyze vibrations from engines fueled with two different fuels, Brazilian commercial diesel (B8) and Biodiesel (B100). Consumption, level of particulate matter emissions and engine temperature were also analyzed. The experiments were performed considering noninvasive tests in a diesel engine, taking into account three different speeds: 800 rpm, 1800 rpm and 3600 rpm. Results showed that the engine energetic loss from vibration signals collected allowed a quantitative assessment of how each fuel influenced the engine vibration level. In the three analyzed speeds, B8 diesel fuel showed be more energetic when compared to B100 biodiesel fuel. Although the consumption using B100 biodiesel fuel presented higher values than B8, the level of particulate matter emissions was lower than commercial diesel B8. It was also noted that the vibration increased in both cases when the engine speed increased. B8 diesel presented a total vibration varying according to speeds range, from 4.5% to 21% higher than B100 biodiesel. Therefore, the dissipated vibration energy using B8 diesel was higher (10% to 45%) than B100 biodiesel. It is concluded that combustion is one of the item that generates higher level of vibration in diesel engines and it depends on the kind of fuel used.
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Loo, Dong Lin, Yew Heng Teoh, Heoy Geok How, Jun Sheng Teh, Liviu Catalin Andrei, Slađana Starčević, and Farooq Sher. "Applications Characteristics of Different Biodiesel Blends in Modern Vehicles Engines: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179677.
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Two main aspects of the transportation industry are pollution to the environment and depletion of fossil fuels. In the transportation industry, the pollution to the environment can be reduced with the use of cleaner fuel, such as gas-to-liquid fuel, to reduce the exhaust emissions from engines. However, the depletion of fossil fuels is still significant. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable fuel that is considered an alternative resource to conventional diesel fuel. Even though biodiesel shows advantages as a renewable source, there are still minor drawbacks while operating in diesel engines. Modern vehicle engines are designed to be powered by conventional diesel fuel or gasoline fuel. In this review, the performance, emissions, combustion, and endurance characteristics of different types of diesel engines with various conditions are assessed with biodiesel and blended fuel as well as the effect of biodiesel on the diesel engines. The results show that biodiesel and blended fuel had fewer emissions of CO, HC, and PM but higher NOx emissions than the diesel-fuelled engine. In the endurance test, biodiesel and blended fuel showed less wear and carbon deposits. A high concentration of wear debris was found inside the lubricating oil while the engine operated with biodiesel and blends. The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its blends showed that it can be used in a diesel engine. However, further research on long-term endurance tests is required to obtain a better understanding of endurance characteristics about engine wear of the diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends.
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Gupta, Sandeep, and Mahendra Pal Sharma. "Impact of binary blends of biodiesels on fuel quality, engine performance and emission characteristics." Clean Energy 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad002.
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Abstract The incessant pressure of energy requirements by the growing global populace has led to the exploration of unconventional methods to produce renewable and sustainable fuels. Among these, biodiesel is most suited to the present needs of eco-friendly standards to keep the atmosphere free from residual emissions. Various fuel-modification methods were developed over a couple of decades to make biodiesel suitable for diesel engines. In the present research, Jatropha curcas biodiesel and waste-cooking-oil (WCO) biodiesel were used to craft a unique binary blend to obtain desirable fuel properties and operational suitability for the diesel engine. The blend with 80% WCO biodiesel and 20% J. curcas biodiesel, which had the most suitable fuel properties, was tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder vertical diesel engine. The emissions and operational parameters were analysed and compared with diesel. The results of the study indicated that engine emissions for binary blend, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions were highly reduced, and carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased relative to diesel. At full load, NOx emission was found to be 51.32% higher than that from diesel and 3.8% lower than that from WCO biodiesel. Engine performance showed that for the binary blend, at full load, the brake-specific fuel consumption was 396.82 g/kWh, which was 15.26% higher, and the brake thermal efficiency was 22.7%, which was 2.74% lower than regular diesel fuel. The present study suggests that the binary blend of J. curcas biodiesel and WCO biodiesel can be a promising approach towards advancements in the fuel properties of biodiesels.
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Parthasarathy, M., J. Isaac Joshua Ramesh Lalvani, B. Parthiban, and K. Annamalai. "Comparison of Performance and Emission Characteristic of Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia Biodiesel in a Di Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.218.
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Random extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have leads to a reduction in petroleum reserves. As for as developing countries like India is connected the need to search for alternative fuels is most urgent as India is heavily dependent upon the import of petroleum to meet its demands for automotive and power sectors. This has inspired curiously in alternative sources for petroleum based fuels. An alternative fuel must be economically competitive and environmentally acceptable. India has great potential for production of biofuels like Biodiesel from vegetable seeds. In the quest to find an alternative to the existing diesel and petrol fuels various Biodiesel and alcohol has been tried and tested in the Internal Compression engine. In this direction, an attempt has been made to investigate the performance and emission characteristic of Biodiesels and compare it with diesel. The Biodiesels considered are Tamanu, Mahua and Pongamia were tested with four stroke diesel engine. A drastic improvement in reduction of Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon monoxide (CO) were found for Biodiesels at high engine loads. Smoke and Nitrogen oxides (NOx) were slightly higher for Biodiesels. Biodiesels exposed similar combustion stages to diesel fuel. Therefore use of transesterified vegetable oils can be partially substituted for the diesel fuel at most operating conditions in term of the performance parameters and emissions without any engine modification.
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Sharma, Amit Kumar, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Venkateswarlu Chintala, Narayan Khatri, and Alok Patel. "Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 31, 2020): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113896.
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Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum) were investigated for fuel characteristics, and engine performance with exhaust emission compared to diesel. Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel were synthesized by the acid–base transesterification approach in a microwave reactor and blended with conventional diesel fuel by volume. The fuel blends were denoted as MB10 (90% diesel + 10% microalgae biodiesel), MB20 (80% diesel + 20% microalgae biodiesel), JB10 (90% diesel + 10% jatropha biodiesel), JB20 (80% diesel + 20% jatropha biodiesel), PB10 (90% diesel + 10% polanga biodiesel) and PB20 (80% diesel + 20% polanga biodiesel). Experiments were performed using these fuel blends with a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. It was shown in the results that, at rated load, thermal efficiency of the engine decreased from 34.6% with diesel to 34.1%, 33.7%, 34.1%, 34.0%, 33.9%, and 33.5% with MB10, MB20, JB10, JB20, PB10, and PB20 fuels, respectively. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions improved with third-generation fuels (MB10, MB20) in comparison to base diesel fuel and second-generation fuels (JB10, JB20, PB10 and PB20). Oxides of nitrogen emissions were slightly increased with both the third- and second-generation fuels as compared to the base diesel. The combustion behavior of microalgae biodiesel was also very close to diesel fuels. In the context of comparable engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, along with biofuel production yield (per year per acre), microalgae biodiesel could have a great potential as a next-generation sustainable fuel in compression engine (CI) engines compared to jatropha and polanga biodiesel fuels.
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Zheng, Fangyuan, and Haengmuk Cho. "Combustion and Emission of Castor Biofuel Blends in a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Energies 16, no. 14 (July 17, 2023): 5427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145427.
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Fossil fuels confront the problem of strategic resource depletion since they have been continuously utilized for more than 200 years and cause serious damages to the ecological environment of the planet. In this work, the transesterification of castor plant oil was utilized to make biodiesel, and castor biodiesel’s physicochemical qualities were assessed. On a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled agricultural diesel engine, an experimental study was conducted to compare and analyze the engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel blends in various amounts. The B20, B40, B60, and B80 biodiesel blends were evaluated at different engine speeds (1200, 1400, 1600, and 1800 rpm) with a constant engine load (50%). According to the experimental findings, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) declines as the engine speed rises, and the biodiesel fuel blend has a lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) than diesel fuel because of its higher density and viscosity and lower calorific value. The amount of gasoline required to create power increases as the speed does, and the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) trend is upward. Due to their low calorific value and high viscosity properties, biodiesel blends have a greater brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than diesel. The fuel’s exhaust gas temperature (EGT) has an upward trend with an increased rotational speed. The biodiesel blend’s high cetane number shortens the ignition delay and lowers the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) compared to diesel. A fuel with oxygen added, biodiesel enhances combustion, increases the combustion temperature, speeds up the oxidation process, and lowers carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon emissions. B80 produces the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions at 1800 rpm, at 0.33%, and 30 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions result from a high oxygen concentration. In addition, compared to diesel fuel, biodiesel’s greater combustion temperature causes the creation of increased nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. According to the research findings, a castor biodiesel fuel blend is an excellent alternative fuel for engines since it can be utilized directly without modifying the current engine construction and has good engine and exhaust emission performance.
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Abdullah, Nik Rosli, Muhammad Izzat Nor Ma’arof, Ismail Nasiruddin Ahmad, Salmiah Kasolang, and Nor Hayati Saad. "Potential Utilization of Biodiesel as Alternative Fuel for Compression Ignition Engine in Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.475.
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Global total petroleum deficit and environmental concern on the emissions issues concerning pure diesel had started a technological race in producing alternative sources of energy which includes renewable fuel. Among the developed renewable fuels is the biodiesel which is a type of fuel derived from various sources of vegetable plants and waste fuels. Various biodiesels have been engineered to beat par to or even perhaps, a leap better in term of performance topure diesel. In short,biodiesel has shown a promising sign as the best candidate in overcoming total dependent on petroleum-derived fuel.This paper gives review on various tests and experiments conducted on biodiesel in order to highlight the potentials preserved by the fuel and to further endorse for a more mass usage of biodiesel and simultaneously for Malaysia to be a potential global producer of biodiesel fuels in the near future.
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Lin, Cherng-Yuan. "Effects of the Degree of Unsaturation of Fatty Acid Esters on Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics." Processes 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 2161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10112161.
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Biodiesel is considered an environmentally friendly alternative to petro-derived diesel. The cetane number indicates the degree of difficulty in the compression-ignition of liquid fuel-powered engines. The allylic position equivalent (APE), which represents the unsaturated degree of fatty acid esters, was one of the key parameters for the cetane number of biodiesel. Due to the significant attributes of APE for biodiesel properties, the impact of APE on engine performance and emission characteristics was investigated in this study. The engine characteristics could be improved by adjusting the biodiesel fuel structure accordingly. A four-stroke and four-cylinder diesel engine accompanied by an engine dynamometer and a gas analyzer were used to derive the optimum blending ratio of the two biodiesels from soybean oil and waste cooking oil. Three fuel samples composed of various proportions of those two biodiesels and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) were prepared. The amounts of saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids of the biodiesel made from waste cooking oil were significantly higher than those of the soybean-oil biodiesel by 9.92 wt. % and 28.54 wt. %, respectively. This caused a higher APE of the soybean-oil biodiesel than that of the biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The APE II biodiesel appeared to have the highest APE value (80.68) among those fuel samples. When the engine speed was increased to 1600 rpm, in comparison with the ULSD sample, the APE II biodiesel sample was observed to have lower CO and O2 emissions and engine thermal efficiency by 15.66%, 0.6%, and 9.3%, while having higher CO2 and NOx emissions, exhaust gas temperature, and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2.56%, 13.8%, 8.9 °C, and 16.67%, respectively. Hence, the engine performance and emission characteristics could be enhanced by adequately adjusting the degree of unsaturation of fatty acid esters represented by the APE of biodiesel.
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Canakci, M. "Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x28736.
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Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils, waste frying oils, and animal fats. It is an oxygenated, non-toxic, sulphur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. Many engine manufacturers have included this fuel in their warranties since it can be used in diesel engines without significant modification. However, the fuel properties such as cetane number, heat of combustion, specific gravity, and kinematic viscosity affect the combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. In this study, the engine performance and emissions characteristics of two different petroleum diesel fuels (No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels) and biodiesel from soybean oil and its 20 per cent blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were compared. The results showed that the engine performance of the neat biodiesel and its blend was similar to that of No. 2 diesel fuel with nearly the same brake fuel conversion efficiency, and slightly higher fuel consumption. CO2 emission for the biodiesel was slightly higher than for the No. 2 diesel fuel. Compared with diesel fuels, biodiesel produced lower exhaust emissions, except NO x.
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Enweremadu, Christopher, Olusegun Samuel, and Hilary Rutto. "Experimental Studies and Theoretical Modelling of Diesel Engine Running on Biodiesels from South African Sunflower and Canola Oils." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 630–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0048.
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Abstract The attributes of cost-effectiveness, reliability, consistency and better understanding, have made researchers prefer studying engine characteristics of IC engines fuelled with alternative fuels/diesel blends with computer simulation compared to conventional experimental study. For the first time, the study attempted to simulate combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesels from Canola and Sunflower oil domiciled in South Africa. The properties of biodiesel vary from one region to another depending on the local properties of the feedstock used for its production. In this study, a computer model-based C++ was used to evaluate the performance characteristics of biodiesel fuels produced from local South African sunflower and canola oil feedstocks. The developed model was validated using experimental results. The performance characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel blends from these oils were tested in a Mercedes Benz OM 364A turbocharged four-stroke, four-cylinder direct ignition industrial diesel engine. Results show similar combustion characteristics for all the tested samples. Diesel shows a higher brake power and higher exhaust gas temperature than all the tested fuel samples. The brake thermal efficiency increases with the amount of biodiesel in the biodiesel-diesel blends. Biodiesel and its diesel blends show higher specific fuel consumption than diesel. In terms of emissions, nitrogen oxide emission was higher for biodiesel and its blends with diesel compared with diesel while smoke emission from biodiesel and its diesel blends was lower compared with diesel.
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Melnyk, V. М., Т. Y. Voitsekhivska, and М. М. Shtykh. "Investigation of the influence of spraying angle on engine performance indicators in the process of biodiesel fuel use." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 1(35) (June 29, 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2021-1(35)-60-66.
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The use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines poses a number of difficulties associated with the adaptation of the engine and its systems. However, the prospect of using alternative fuels has significant economic and environmental feasibility, and therefore is extremely important. Therefore, the issue of studying the main performance indicators of engines in the process of using biodiesel fuel RME B20 is relevant. From the analysis of literary sources, it was found that diesel engines are promising for the use of biodiesel fuel. The efficiency of these engines largely depends on the main parameters of mixture formation, which have not been sufficiently investigated for RME B20 fuel. In the process of using B20 biodiesel fuel on a Renault 2.5 DCI engine with a decrease in the fuel spray angle to 60o, it was established: a decrease in engine torque by 12.5%; drop in effective power to 15.7%; reduction of the effective pressure in the engine cylinders up to 24.8%; increase in specific effective fuel consumption up to 15%. This is due to the fact that with a decrease in the fuel atomization angle, the contact area of the fuel drops and air in the engine cylinders decreases. And this, in turn, worsens the mixture formation process and leads to incomplete combustion of the fuel-air mixture. With an increase in the spray angle of the fuel to 750, the efficiency of using B20 biodiesel fuel on the Renault 2.5 DCI engine increases. Therefore, according to the results of studies of the operation of the Renault 2.5 DCI engine on commercial and biodiesel fuel RME B20, it was found that the use of biodiesel fuel leads to a deterioration in mixture formation due to which heat generation decreases, as a result, fuel consumption increases, and engine power, and torque decrease. To improve these indicators, it is necessary to change the mixture formation process by increasing the fuel atomization angle to 750.
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Chanagond, Malati, Prashant Puthani, Ramesh Jeeragal, and Suresh Doddi. "Investigation of Mahua, Pongamia and waste cooking oil blends as biodiesel properties." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1042, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1042/1/012002.
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Abstract Looking at the present scenario of world’s energy consumption and its dependency on fossil fuels, biodiesel has become a ray of hope as it is environmental friendly fuel derived from plant sources. In that context the present paper reports the study of physical properties of Mahua, Pongamia and Waste cooking oil blend for usage as biodiesels in engines. Each biodiesel has its own specific properties which need to be tested before running test on a engine. The physical properties such as kinematic viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, heating values and acid values are measured for MPW (Mahua 50%, Pongamia 30%, Waste Cooking Oil 20%), PWM (Pongamia 50%, Waste Cooking Oil 30%, Mahua 20%) and WMP (Waste Cooking Oil 50%, Mahua 30%, Pongamia 20%) compositions prepared on volume basis. This study discovered that WMP biodiesel physical properties match nearly to that of diesel fuel. It is the best alternative with moderate flash point temperature, fire point temperature, better thermal efficiency, density and acid value in comparison with MPW and PWM biodiesels.
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Iswantoro, A., B. Cahyono, and C. N. Ruyan. "The effect of using biodiesel B50 from palm oil on lubricant oil degradation and wear on diesel engine components." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1166, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1166/1/012015.
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Abstract Alternative fuels in diesel engines are getting attention due to the current world energy crisis. Biodiesel is a fuel where the main composition from palm oil, it is an alternative fuel may can replace fossil diesel fuels. However, the use of biodiesel has several impacts on the engine if its not maintained. The using biodiesel usually results decrease of lubricating oil viscosity and increases the metal wear rate. This research will present results effect of biodiesel B50 on lubricating oil degradation and metal wear on engine components. The method used is an experiment by testing engines for a long time with the Engine Manufacturer Association (EMA) standard. The use of B50 biodiesel causes significant degradation of lubricating oil than Pertamina Dexlite. The lubricating oil test results that with B50 biodiesel decreased viscosity by 16.17%. Lubricating oil also contains the metallic aluminium 8 ppm, 27% metallic iron, and 1 ppm metallic chromium. Using B50 biodiesel also causes journal bearing worse and significant piston ring gap. In addition, the deposit resulting from the using B50 biodiesel was 30.97% greater in the diesel engine component.
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Tamilselvan, P., K. Vignesh, and N. Nallusamy. "Performance and Emission Studies of Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engines: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.797.
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As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. Especially, the exhaust gas emission by using fossil fuel insists on exploring the available sources of biofuel to provide an eco-friendly environment compared to that of fossil fuels. India depends mainly on imported fuels due to lack of fossil fuel reserves and it has a great impact on the economy. Biodiesel is one of the best available resources that has come to the forefront recently. Recent studies and research have made it possible to extract biodiesel at economical costs and quantities. The blend of biodiesel with fossil diesel has many benefits like reduction in emissions, lower engine wear, reduction in engine oil consumption and comparable thermal efficiency with diesel. It is also found that low fuel consumption and increase in thermal efficiency of engines for biodiesel fuels having higher calorific values than diesel. This paper reviews the performance and emission characteristics of various biodiesel fuels used in CI engine as alternate fuel. This study is based on the reports of biodiesel fuel published by different researchers.
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Khan, T. M. Yunus. "A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 4395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174395.
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The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by internal combustion (IC) engines. The demand for transport energy is large and continuously increasing across the globe. Though there are few alternative options emerging that may eliminate the IC engine, they are in a developing stage, meaning the burden of transportation has to be borne by IC engines until at least the near future. Hence, IC engines continue to be the prime mechanism to sustain transportation in general. However, the scarcity of fossil fuels and its rising prices have forced nations to look for alternate fuels. Biodiesel has been emerged as the replacement of diesel as fuel for diesel engines. The use of biodiesel in the existing diesel engine is not that efficient when it is compared with diesel run engine. Therefore, the biodiesel engine must be suitably improved in its design and developments pertaining to the intake manifold, fuel injection system, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold to get the maximum power output, improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are compatible with international standards. This paper reviews the efforts put by different researchers in modifying the engine components and systems to develop a diesel engine run on biodiesel for better performance, progressive combustion and improved emissions.
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Cheng, Wen Ming, Hui Xie, and Gang Li. "The Comparative Trail Research on the Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel Fuel and Biodiesel/Diesel Blended Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 142 (November 2011): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.142.103.
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This paper discusses the brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of a diesel engine using cottonseed biodiesel blended with diesel fuel. A series of experiments were conducted for the various blends under varying load conditions at a speed of 1500 rpm and 2500 rpm and the results were compared with the neat diesel. From the results, it is found that the brake specific fuel consumption of cottonseed biodiesel is slightly higher than that of diesel fuel at different engine loads and speeds, with this increase being higher the higher the percentage of the biodiesel in the blend. And the brake thermal efficiency of cottonseed biodiesel is nearly similar to that of diesel fuel at different engine loads and speeds. From the investigation, it is concluded that cottonseed biodiesl can be directly used in diesel engines without any modifications, at least in small blending ratios.
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Tan, Ze Fei, Li Zhong Shen, De Cai Jin, and Yang Wen Bin Ou. "The Performance of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Fueled with Different Blending Ratio of Biodiesels at Different Altitudes." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1685.
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To study the effect of the biodiesel on the performance of the high pressure common rail diesel engine performance, a experiment is conducted about the high pressure common rail diesel engine uses diesel fuel and different blending ratio of biodiesels. The results show that with the rising of the altitude, the engine power and the brake specific fuel consumption reduce, exhaust gas temperature increases; At the same altitude, the engine fueled with different blending ratio of bio-diesel has higher brake specific fuel consumption in comparison with fueled engine, but it has lower power, with the increase in bio-diesel blending ratio, engine power, fuel consumption increase.
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C, Ramesh, Murugesan A, and Vijayakumar C. "Reducing the Environmental Pollution from Diesel Engine Fuelled with Eco- Friendly Biodiesel Blends." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1925.
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Diesel engines are widely used for their low fuel consumption and better efficiency. Fuel conservation, efficiency and emission control are always the investigation points in the view of researchers in developing energy system. India to search for a suitable environmental friendly alternative to diesel fuel. The regulated emissions from diesel engines are carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), NOx and Particulate matter. It creates cancer, lungs problems, headaches and physical and mental problems of human. This paper focuses on the substitution of fossil fuel diesel with renewable alternatives fuel such as Biodiesel. Biodiesel is much clear than fossil diesel fuel and it can be used in any diesel engine without major modification. The experiment was conducted in a single-cylinder four-stroke water-cooled 3.4 kW direct injection compression ignition engine fueled with non-edible Pungamia oil biodiesel blends. The experimental results proved that up to 40% of Pungamia oil biodiesel blends give better results compared to diesel fuel. The AVL 444 di-gas analyzer and AVL 437 smoke meter are used to measure the exhaust emissions from the engine. The observation of results, non-edible Pongamia biodiesel blended fuels brake thermal efficiency (3.59%) is improved and harmful emissions like CO, unburned HC, CO2, Particulate matter, soot particles, NOx and smoke levels are 29.67%, 26.65%, 33.47%, 39.57%, +/- 3.5 and 41.03% is decreased respectively compared to the diesel fuel. This is due to biodiesel contains the inbuilt oxygen content, ignition quality, carbon burns fully, less sulphur content, no aromatics, complete CO2 cycle.
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Wafir, Moh, Digdo Listyadi, and Rahma Rei Sakura. "ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA MESIN DIESEL DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN PERTADEX DAN BIODIESEL DARI BIJI KEMIRI." ROTOR 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v12i2.16839.
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The decline in fuel oil production has led to the development of alternative fuels that are renewable and more environmentally friendly. An alternative fuel that can be developed is biodiesel. In this study aims to develop alternative biodiesel fuels as a substitute for fossil oil fuels that are feasible applied to diesel engines. This study conducted a diesel engine performance test using mixed fuel from pertadex and biodiesel Aleurites Moluccana with a variation of biodiesel mixture B10, B20, and B30. From the test results using a mixture of biodiesel, the ef ective power and torque produced by the engine decreases compared to using pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best ef ective power produced by B10 fuel is 277 Watt and the best torque produced by B10 fuel is 1,238 Nm. Specific fuel consumption in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best specific fuel consumption produced by B30 fuel is 1197,67 g/kWh. The thermal ef iciency in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex in B20 and B30 blends. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best thermal ef iciency produced by B20 fuel is 7,883 %. The opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in all biodiesel mixes is getting better compared to using pure pertadex. The best opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in the use of B30 fuel is 2,3% HSU.
Keywords: Biodiesel, Aleurites Moluccana, Diesel Engine Performance, Opacity
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Niculescu, Rodica, Adrian Clenci, and Victor Iorga-Siman. "Review on the Use of Diesel–Biodiesel–Alcohol Blends in Compression Ignition Engines." Energies 12, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071194.
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The use of alternative fuels contributes to the lowering of the carbon footprint of the internal combustion engine. Biofuels are the most important kinds of alternative fuels. Currently, thanks to the new manufacturing processes of biofuels, there is potential to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, compared to fossil fuels, on a well-to-wheel basis. Amongst the most prominent alternative fuels to be used in mixtures/blends with fossil fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines are biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol. With this perspective, considerable attention has been given to biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines. Many studies have been conducted to assess the impacts of biodiesel use on engine operation. The addition of alcohols such as methanol and ethanol is also practised in biodiesel–diesel blends, due to their miscibility with the pure biodiesel. Alcohols improve the physico-chemical properties of biodiesel–diesel blends, which lead to improved CI engine operation. This review paper discusses some results of recent studies on biodiesel, bioethanol, and biomethanol production, their physicochemical properties, and also, on the influence of the use of diesel–biodiesel–alcohols blends in CI engines: combustion characteristics, performance, and emissions.
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Sule, Ahmed, Zulkarnain Abdul Latiff, Mohammed Azman Abbas, Ibham Veza, and Anthony C. Opia. "Recent Advances in Diesel-Biodiesel Blended with Nano-Additive as Fuel in Diesel Engines: A Detailed Review." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 182–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.6352.
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Global emission of gases has increased rapidly due to higher combustion of fossil fuels arising from increasing world population which has led to a greater number of manufacturing industries and ‘on-road vehicle (ORV)’ users. Researchers have attributed cause of global warming to gases emissions which correspondingly lead to climate change with devastating repercussions. Currently, climate change is a general issue and world leaders have been tasked to cut down emissions of gases that directly affect the ecosystem and influence climate change. Biodiesel which is an alternative to fossil fuels face many challenges and to tackle some limitations with biodiesel researchers blends biodiesels in various proportional ratio to diesel fuel. This paper, therefore, concentrates on reviewing the use of additives specifically nano-additives by researchers recently to alter and boost desired characteristics in diesel-biodiesel fuel; it also examines the synthesis of nano-additives; challenges, and advances made. This paper further analysed, reviewed, and compared recent results from nano-additive use with respect to emissions, fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and engine power, establishes the merits and demerits of diverse nano-additives, and finally presents a conclusive opinion on nano-additive usage with diesel fuels in diesel engines.
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Mandal, Adhirath, Dowan Cha, and HaengMuk Cho. "Impact of Waste Fry Biofuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions." Energies 16, no. 9 (April 26, 2023): 3711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16093711.
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Energy is primarily obtained from fossil fuels and with the use of fossil fuels, we are increasing the emissions and greenhouse gases. It takes constant effort to meet the energy need from environmentally acceptable and renewable fuels. In order to find a replacement for depleting fossil fuel energy, a range of oxygenated fuels was investigated based on their accessibility and geographic areas. This work assessed the transesterification process’s feasibility of turning used fry oil into biodiesel fuel and its physiochemical characteristics. The performances of a diesel engine operating on biodiesel and diesel fuel were assessed and compared. Four different types of fry oils were utilized for the research on a diesel agricultural engine with indirect injection. The first fry, second fry, third fry, and restaurant fry were the various sorts of fry oil. Five different types of biodiesels and their blends were investigated for their engine efficiency and emission metrics. B40 (biodiesel 40% and diesel 60%) and B80 (biodiesel 80% and diesel 20%) biodiesel blends were tested in different engine speed conditions under 50% and 100% engine loads. While the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased as the engine rpm increased, it was found that the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased. Due to the poor air–fuel ratio at higher engine speeds, the BTE decreased. NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions were higher for all the biodiesel blends because of the higher oxygen content in the biodiesel blends. The smoke opacity in both blends decreased with rising rpm under both load situations and was lower than in pure diesel. Because of the larger cetane number and lower heating value, the exhaust gas temperature (EGT) dropped. It was determined that prolonging the fry time altered the engine performance and emission metrics. The use of sustainable fuel is essential; waste fry cooking oil as a substitute for fossil diesel could be a prospective replacement in the agricultural engine and transportation sector.
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Tai, Mai, Chau Vo, Long Duong, Am Do, Vang Huynh, and Huong Nguyen. "Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel–Ethanol Dual Fuel: An Overview." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 75A (February 28, 2023): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.75a.2023.1269.
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Biodiesel and bioethanol are two renewable fuels available on the market, both of which have been used on internal combustion engines as an additive as they have physicochemical properties similar to commercial petroleum fuels. However, different properties of biodiesel and ethanol in terms of viscosity and energy density directly affect the combustion process of internal combustion engines. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the influence of 100% blended biofuels including biodiesel-ethanol on combustion characteristics and emissions under diesel engine conditions, as well as the status of biodiesel-ethanol fuel use, a recommended orientation for the development of adaptive diesel engine in the future at Vietnam. These studies on the influence of biodiesel-ethanol fuels blend were carried out on the optical research engine system (constant volume combustion chamber) and the actual engine testing. The results revealed that change in the concentration of ethanol affects the physicochemical properties of BE fuels blend, and using more ethanol in the mixture causes more effect on the trend of combustion characteristics and emissions. Consequently, it is possible to use a 100% biodiesel-ethanol blend on conventional diesel engines with little modifications.
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Ramesha, D. K., Adhiviraj Singh Bangari, Chirag P. Rathod, and Chaitanya R. Samartha. "Experimental Investigation Of Biogas-Biodiesel Dual Fuel Combustion In A Diesel Engine." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2015-0003.
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Abstract This study is an attempt at achieving diesel fuel equivalent performance from diesel engines with maximum substitution of diesel with renewable fuels. In this context the study has been designed to analyze the influence of B20 algae biodiesel as a pilot fuel in a biodiesel biogas dual fuel engine, and results are compared to those of biodiesel and diesel operation at identical engine settings. Experiments were performed at various loads from 0 to 100 % of maximum load at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. In general, B20 algae biodiesel is compatible with diesel in terms of performance and combustion characteristics. Dual fuel mode operation displays lower thermal efficiency and higher fuel consumption than for other fuel modes of the test run across the range of engine loads. Dual fuel mode displayed lower emissions of NOx and Smoke opacity while HC and CO concentrations were considerably higher as compared to other fuels. In dual fuel mode peak pressure and heat release rate were slightly higher compared to diesel and biodiesel mode of operation for all engine loads.
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Khalid, Amir, Shahrul Azmir Osman, M. Norrizam Mohamad Jaat, Norrizal Mustaffa, Siti Mariam Basharie, and Bukhari Manshoor. "Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled by Biodiesel Derived from Palm Oil." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.517.
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Bio fuels based on vegetable oils offer the advantage being a sustainable, annually renewable source of automobile fuel. Despite years of improvement attempts, the key issue in using vegetable oil-based fuels is oxidation stability, stoichiometric point, bio-fuel composition, antioxidants on the degradation and much oxygen with comparing to diesel gas oil. Thus, the improvement of emissions exhausted from diesel engines fueled by biodiesel derived from palm oil is urgently required to meet the future stringent emission regulations. Purpose of this study is to explore how significant the effects of palm oil blending ratio on combustion process that strongly affects the vehicles performance and exhaust emissions. The engine speed was varied from 15003000 rpm, load test condition varied by Dynapack chassis dynamometer from 050% and palm oil blending ratio from 515vol% (B5B15). Increased blends of biodiesel ratio is found to enhance the combustion process, resulting in decreased the HC emissions with nearly equal of engine performance. The improvement of combustion process is expected to be strongly influenced by oxygenated fuel in biodiesel content.
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Islam, Md Zahidul, Nusrat Jahan Onny, and Suman Chowdhury. "Utility of Biodiesel in Diesel Engine." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 8, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.8.1.8-17.
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The energy resources from the fossil fuels are decreasing day by day. Rather fossil fuel is costly, it creates environmental problems by producing and NOx in the environment. Now it is argent to find a solution. The solution can be renewable energy. In this paper the effort was to find the utility of biodiesels in the conventional diesel engine. This biofuel or biodiesel is extracted from Soybean methyl ester (SME). We compared the basic performance characteristics diesel, SME 20 and SME 100 in unmodified diesel engine. This experiment will be helpful to find out the utility of SME type biodiesel in conventional diesel engine so that the uses of fossil fuels can be reduced in quick rental power plants and other uses. We can use biodiesel as substitute in an economic tariff and efficient way.
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Firdaus, NK, A. Aunillah, E. Wardiana, D. Pranowo, M. Herman, and Syafaruddin. "Comparison of engine performance and emissions for fuels of diesel-biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012025.
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Abstract Biodiesel is a substitute or replacement petroleum diesel fuel used to reduce pollution without modifying engines. This study aimed to investigate the engine performance and emissions characteristics of a passenger car engine (Hilux 2.4G Double cabin (4x4) M/T) fuelled by two different fuels, which is biodiesel (B100) and diesel-biodiesel fuel blend (B20). The study was conducted at the Bioenergy Laboratory of Balittri, the Thermodynamics and Propulsion Engine Research Center of BPPT, and the Research Center for Oil and Gas Technology Development (LEMIGAS), from November 2019 to February 2020. The result showed that the traction and power for diesel-biodiesel fuel blends were obtained slightly higher than biodiesel. Biodiesel has marginally higher fuel consumption than diesel-biodiesel fuel blends. According to the emission analysis, biodiesel produces lower exhaust emissions of unburned fuel emissions, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide content in the exhaust gas than diesel-biodiesel fuel blends.
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Saputro, W., J. Sentanuhady, L. Edahwati, and A. K. Faizin. "Analysis of Combustion Temperature on the Use of B100 and B20 Fuels that Operate in the Long Term." Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering Journal (BIOMEJ) 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/biomej.v2i1.46.
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The dependence of the Indonesian people on the use of diesel fuel is still very high and is proven by the increasing consumption of diesel annually. Increasing diesel fuel consumption is a problem that must be anticipated because diesel is a fossil of fuel and non-renewable. One way to overcome this is to convert the use of fuel from fossil fuels to biofuels, such as biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel from palm oil is an option because Indonesia is the largest palm oil-producing country globally. Although theoretically, biodiesel can be used directly in diesel engines, there are very few studies related to the effects of using biodiesel and the potential for further development. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the combustion temperature of B100 and B20 fuels operated in long-term testing. This study uses two Kubota diesel engines with a cylinder volume of 376 ccs each. Each engine will be coupled with a generator to power the halogen lamps with a total power of 4000 W. The two engines will use different fuels, the first engine will be filled with B20 fuel, and the second engine will be filled with B100 fuel from palm oil. The engine rotational speed is constant at 2200 rpm, and the engine is operated for 300 hours without stopping. Every multiple of 4 hours, the combustion temperature measurement is carried out on the cylinder head, cylinder block, and exhaust gas pipe. The results show that the B100 engine produces lower combustion temperatures in the cylinder head, cylinder block, and pipe exhaust gas with 1.7%; 1.2%; and 2.7%, respectively.
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Towoju, Olumide Adewole, Ademola A. Dare, and Samson K. Fashogbon. "Experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine equipped with a modified truncated cone piston crown operated on diesel and shea-butter biodiesel." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.10.954.
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Biodiesels and Improved combustion chamber design have better in-cylinder air motion which positioned them to offer increased advantages in addressing the major concern of high emission and low thermal efficiency of compression ignition engines. This study therefore investigated the impact of Shea-butter biodiesel and redesigned combustion chamber on the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Biodiesel was prepared from Shea-butter using the standard process. Experiments were conducted on a Yoshita-165F engine operated on a blend of AGO and Shea-butter biodiesel and then Yoshita-165F engine equipped with a truncated cone piston crown with a cone base-angle of 40° modified from the standard piston, operated on a blend of AGO and Shea-butter to determine the engines’ performance characteristics using a TQ TD115 MKH Absorption Dynamometer. The performance and emission characteristic of the engine witnessed an improvement with the use of the truncated cone piston crown with a cone base-angle of 40°. This was also observed with AGO/Shea-butter biodiesel blend as fuel and was particularly well pronounced when utilized as a fuel for the truncated cone piston crown equipped engine. Compression ignition engine equipped with the modified piston and operated on AGO/Shea-butter biodiesel led to improvement in performance.
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Towoju, Olumide Adewole, Ademola A. Dare, and Samson K. Fashogbon. "Experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine equipped with a modified truncated cone piston crown operated on diesel and shea-butter biodiesel." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.10.954.
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Biodiesels and Improved combustion chamber design have better in-cylinder air motion which positioned them to offer increased advantages in addressing the major concern of high emission and low thermal efficiency of compression ignition engines. This study therefore investigated the impact of Shea-butter biodiesel and redesigned combustion chamber on the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine. Biodiesel was prepared from Shea-butter using the standard process. Experiments were conducted on a Yoshita-165F engine operated on a blend of AGO and Shea-butter biodiesel and then Yoshita-165F engine equipped with a truncated cone piston crown with a cone base-angle of 40° modified from the standard piston, operated on a blend of AGO and Shea-butter to determine the engines’ performance characteristics using a TQ TD115 MKH Absorption Dynamometer. The performance and emission characteristic of the engine witnessed an improvement with the use of the truncated cone piston crown with a cone base-angle of 40°. This was also observed with AGO/Shea-butter biodiesel blend as fuel and was particularly well pronounced when utilized as a fuel for the truncated cone piston crown equipped engine. Compression ignition engine equipped with the modified piston and operated on AGO/Shea-butter biodiesel led to improvement in performance.
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Rao, Muthe Srinivasa, and R. B. Anand. "Working Characteristics of a DICI Engine by Using Water Emulsion Biodiesel Fuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1847.
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The present experimental investigation is carried out to establish the stability, compatibility and feasibility of working characteristics of DICI engine by using Jatropha biodiesel, Pongamia biodiesel and related water emulsion biodiesels. Experiments are carried out in two phases on a DICI engine test rig which includes CI engine, electric loading device, exhaust gas analysers, and a data-acquisition system. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are studied by using neat diesel, Jatropha and Pongamia biodiesel in the first phase, and similar experiments are conducted by water – biodiesel emulsion fuels in the second phase. The water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are prepared with the aid of a mechanical homogenizer in the proportion of 10% water, 88 % biodiesel, and 2 % surfactants (by volume). Sequentially, the stability characteristics of water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are analyzed. The results indicated that slight improvement in BTE and BSFC for water – biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to biodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of NOx and smoke opacity were decreased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels as compared to respective neat biodiesel and neat diesel. CO & unburned HC emissions were slightly increased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to respective neat biodiesels and less than of neat diesel.
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Zhang, De Fu, Hui Chao Xiao, and Xiao Chuan Zhang. "A Review of Biodiesel Appication on Marine Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1660.
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The classification and fuel properties were stated for the alternative fuels applied on the internal combustion (I.C.) engines. The studies concerning biodiesel as fuel operating on marine engine were presented in this paper. Major obstacles in biodiesel application such as biodiesel compatibility, feedstock, production cost, supply chain and nitrogen oxide emission from engines were investigated based on experimental research and practical applications onboard ship and the feasible strategy were explored.
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Filipovic, Ivan, Boran Pikula, and Goran Kepnik. "Impact of physical properties of mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on hydrodynamic characteristics of fuel injection system." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci130513010f.
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One of the alternative fuels, originating from renewable sources, is biodiesel fuel, which is introduced in diesel engines without major construction modifications on the engine. Biodiesel fuel, by its physical and chemical properties, is different from diesel fuel. Therefore, it is expected that by the application of a biodiesel fuel, the characteristic parameters of the injection system will change. These parameters have a direct impact on the process of fuel dispersion into the engine cylinder, and mixing with the air, which results in an impact on the quality of the combustion process. Method of preparation of the air-fuel mixture and the quality of the combustion process directly affect the efficiency of the engine and the level of pollutant emissions in the exhaust gas, which today is the most important criterion for assessing the quality of the engine. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the influence of physical properties of a mixture of diesel and biodiesel fuels on the output characteristics of the fuel injection system. The following parameters are shown: injection pressure, injection rate, the beginning and duration of injection, transformation of potential into kinetic energy of fuel and increase of energy losses in fuel injection system of various mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. For the analysis of the results a self-developed computer program was used to simulate the injection process in the system. Computational results are verified using the experiment, for a few mixtures of diesel and biodiesel fuels. This paper presents the verification results for diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel in particular.
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Feng, Shuo, Shirui Xu, Peng Yuan, Yuye Xing, Boxiong Shen, Zhaoming Li, Chenguang Zhang, et al. "The Impact of Alternative Fuels on Ship Engine Emissions and Aftertreatment Systems: A Review." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020138.
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Marine engines often use diesel as an alternative fuel to improve the economy. In recent years, waste oil, biodiesel and alcohol fuel are the most famous research directions among the alternative fuels for diesel. With the rapid development of the shipping industry, the air of coastal areas is becoming increasingly polluted. It is now necessary to reduce the emission of marine engines to meet the strict emission regulations. There are many types of alternative fuels for diesel oil and the difference of the fuel may interfere with the engine emissions; however, PM, HC, CO and other emissions will have a negative impact on SCR catalyst. This paper reviews the alternative fuels such as alcohols, waste oils, biodiesel made from vegetable oil and animal oil, and then summarizes and analyzes the influence of different alternative fuels on engine emissions and pollutant formation mechanism. In addition, this paper also summarizes the methods that can effectively reduce the emissions of marine engines; it can provide a reference for the study of diesel alternative fuel and the reduction of marine engine emissions.
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Al Qubeissi, Mansour, Ayob Mahmoud, Moustafa Al-Damook, Ali Almshahy, Zinedine Khatir, Hakan Serhad Soyhan, and Raja Mazuir Raja Ahsan Shah. "Comparative Analysis of Battery Thermal Management System Using Biodiesel Fuels." Energies 16, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010565.
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Liquid fuel has been the main source of energy in internal combustion engines (ICE) for decades. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) have replaced ICE for environmentally friendly vehicles and reducing fossil fuel dependence. This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of battery thermal management system (BTMS) to maintain a working temperature in the range 15–35 °C and prevent thermal runaway and high temperature gradient, consequently increasing LIB lifecycle and performance. The proposed approach is to use biodiesel as the engine feed and coolant. A 3S2P LIB module is simulated using Ansys-Fluent CFD software tool. Four selective dielectric biodiesels are used as coolants, namely palm, karanja, jatropha, and mahua oils. In comparison to the conventional coolants in BTMS, mainly air and 3M Novec, biodiesel fuels have been proven as coolants to maintain LIB temperature within the optimum working range. For instance, the use of palm biodiesel can lightweight the BTMS by 43%, compared with 3M Novec, and likewise maintain BTMS performance.
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Teja, K. M. V. Ravi, P. Issac Prasad, K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy, N. R. Banapurmath, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Nazia Hossain, Asif Afzal, and C. Ahamed Saleel. "Comparative Analysis of Performance, Emission, and Combustion Characteristics of a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine Powered with Three Different Biodiesel Blends." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 5597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185597.
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Biodiesel is a renewable energy source which is gaining prominence as an alternative fuel over fossil diesel for different applications. Due to their higher viscosity and lower volatility, biodiesels are blended with diesel in various proportions. B20 blends are viable and sustainable solutions in diesel engines with acceptable engine performance as they can replace 20% fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel blends are slightly viscous as compared with diesel and can be used in common rail direct injection (CRDI) engines which provide high pressure injection using an electronic control unit (ECU) with fuel flexibility. In view of this, B20 blends of three biodiesels derived from cashew nutshell (CHNOB (B20)), jackfruit seed (JACKSOB (B20)), and Jamun seed (JAMNSOB (B20)) oils are used in a modified single-cylinder high-pressure-assisted CRDI diesel engine. At a BP of 5.2 kW, for JAMNSOB (B20) operation, BTE, NOx, and PP increased 4.04%, 0.56%, and 5.4%, respectively, and smoke, HC, CO, ID, and CD decreased 5.12%, 6.25%, 2.75%, 5.15%, and 6.25%, respectively, as compared with jackfruit B20 operation.
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Chukwudi Okwuchukwu, Aniagor. "ENGINE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PALM KERNEL OIL-BASED BIODIESEL BLENDS ON SPEED VARIATIONS OF A 4-CYLINDER ENGINE AT CONSTANT TORQUE." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 9, no. 4 (April 10, 2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v9i4.1640.
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Biodiesel made from the transesterification of plant-derived oils is an important alternative fuel source for diesel engines. Several disparate studies have emphasized the significance of biodiesels in emission reduction and engine efficiency. The present study examined the effect of using palm kernel oil (PKO), pure petroleum diesel, and its blends on the fuel consumption rates, energy expended, brake-specific fuel consumption, and brake thermal efficiency of a four-cylinder tractor under varying operating speeds (700 – 1900rpm) at constant torque. The study was conducted at a large farming site in Anambra State, Nigeria. The findings indicated that PKO biodiesel blends had the overall optimum energy output, fuel consumption rates, and brake-specific fuel consumption, respectively, at the highest engine speed of 1900. Although B10's rating of 60.6% for thermal brake efficiency was impressive, it was lower than B100's 66.95 %. Based on the results, B10 is the best gasoline for testing and may be used as a replacement fuel in four-cylinder farm tractor engines with no modifications. The study concludes that biodiesel blends showed potential as an alternative to fossil diesel.
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Zheng, Fangyuan, Haeng Muk Cho, and Changchun Xu. "Effect of Biodiesel Blended Fuel on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engines – A Review." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijame-2022-0014.
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Abstract The internal combustion engine plays a vital role in transportation, industry, and shipping. However, diesel as one of the main fuels for internal combustion engines, caused many environmental and human health problems. In order to solve the problems, more researchers have been committed to the research of alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable, sustainable alternative fuel, and its characteristics are similar to traditional diesel. It can be mixed with pure diesel. It has been found that a mix with pure diesel in a certain ratio can effectively reduce the negative effects caused by its characteristics, improve the combustion performance, and reduce the NOx and PM emissions. This article mainly reviews the effects of the mixture of biodiesel and diesel on engine combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions, including three parts: part (1) summarizes and analyzes the biodiesel’s production and characteristics, part (2) analyzes the engine’s performance under different working conditions, and part (3) studies and analyzes the exhaust emission under different working conditions.
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Niculae, Andrei Laurentiu, Radu Chiriac, and Alexandru Racovitza. "The effect of using different Biodiesel fuels on jet development in a Diesel engine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 960, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/960/1/012011.
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Abstract The fuel properties and the injection rate-shape play an important role in the improvement of the combustion process of Diesel engines. In this work, the influences of using the forthcoming renewable biodiesel fuels on fuel jet development utilizing a computer simulation model created with the AVL Hydsim software were studied. Biodiesel fuels B20, B30 and B100 were considered and compared with the original pure Diesel fuel D100. The injection system behaviour under research was that one existing on a tractor engine equipped with Delphi DP200 pump and Delphi injectors. Two engine speeds of 1400 rpm and 2400 rpm were considered representative for the engine operation. For these speeds, the fuel jet characteristics as penetration, spray cone angle and Sauter mean diameter were analyzed. It can emphasize that in similar conditions of needle lift and injection rate-shape variation the usage of biodiesel fuels does not significantly alter the injection pressure and the Sauter mean diameter. However, the specific physical properties of biodiesel fuels affect substantially the spray penetration and its cone angle.