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1
Jagtap, Sharad P., Anand N. Pawar, and Subhash Lahane. "Effect of Ethanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390119.
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A significant increase in every nation’s energy demand and insufficient conventional energy reservoirs for long duration, there became necessary requirement to shift from non-renewable to renewable energy sources. Diesel and biodiesel fuels have different thermo physical properties; hence performance and emission output parameters are also different compares with each other. For effective utilization of biodiesel, the characteristics of conventional single cylinder diesel engine with changing load and static speed (1500 rev/min) conditions are evaluated. The baseline diesel, biodiesel - diesel (BD) B08 [8% biodiesel blended with diesel] and ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) E05B08 [5% ethanol and 8% biodiesel blended with diesel] by v/v ratio are used for experimentation. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) reduced from 29.14% with diesel to 27.64% with biodiesel and 28.49% with ethanol blends. It is observed that BTE reduced by 1.5% with biodiesel blend and 0.65% only with ethanol blend. The CO, HC and opacity of exhaust gas pollutants are reduced with biodiesel blend fuel and also further reduced with EBD blend. NOx formation with B08 fuel is enhanced to 1967 ppm from 1557 ppm of baseline diesel whereas it is slightly increased to 1734 ppm by E05B08 fuel.
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Algayyim, Sattar Jabbar Murad, and Andrew P. Wandel. "Comparative Assessment of Spray Behavior, Combustion and Engine Performance of ABE-Biodiesel/Diesel as Fuel in DI Diesel Engine." Energies 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 6521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13246521.
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This study investigates the impact of an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) mixture on spray parameters, engine performance and emission levels of neat cottonseed biodiesel and neat diesel blends. The spray test was carried out using a high-speed camera, and the engine test was conducted on a variable compression diesel engine. Adding an ABE blend can increase the spray penetration of both neat biodiesel and diesel due to the low viscosity and surface tension, thereby enhancing the vaporization rate and combustion efficiency. A maximum in-cylinder pressure value was recorded for the ABE-diesel blend. The brake power (BP) of all ABE blends was slightly reduced due to the low heating values of ABE blends. Exhaust gas temperature (EGT), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were also reduced with the addition of the ABE blend to neat diesel and biodiesel by 14–17%, 11–13% and 25–54%, respectively, compared to neat diesel. Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions were reduced with the addition of ABE to diesel by 13%, while UHC emissions were increased with the addition of ABE to biodiesel blend by 25–34% compared to neat diesel. It can be concluded that the ABE mixture is a good additive blend to neat diesel rather than neat biodiesel for improving diesel properties by using green energy for compression ignition (CI) engines with no or minor modifications.
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Nita, Irina, Sibel Geacai, Anisoara Neagu, and Elis Geacai. "Estimation of the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0005.
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AbstractFor now, biodiesel is the commonly accepted biofuel as a substitute for diesel fuel in internal combustion engines. Diesel fuel blends with up to 20% biodiesel can be used in diesel engines without any modification. A lot of studies regarding diesel fuel+biodiesel blends properties are presented in the literature. Some of the important properties of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be evaluated from other blends properties. For example, density and viscosity of biodiesel blends can be predicted based on blend refractive index. More than that, refractive index can be used as a reliable physical property to predict transesterification reaction progress. As a result, the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends is important in order to characterize these blends or to monitor the evolution of transesterification process of vegetable oils or animal fats. The refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be experimentally determined or evaluated based on refractive indices of diesel fuel and biodiesel. The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of refractive index of diesel fuel +biodiesel blends calculation, using models initially proposed to evaluate the refractive index of a binary liquid mixture. It was shown that the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends can be accurately predicted from refractive indices of the components of the blend. Wiener, Heller and Edward equations can be recommended to predict with a great accuracy the refractive index of diesel fuel+biodiesel blends.
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V, Asha, and Sudalaiyandi K. "Physical Characteristics of Ternary Blends of Biodiesel." Journal of Manufacturing Engineering 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37255/jme.v17i2pp068-072.
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Fossil fuels are being gradually exhausted and need to go to new energy options. The vegetable oils are significant resources for biodiesel production and the best alternative for diesel from crude oil. This research aims to study the physical characteristics of diesel in combination with linseed oil, waste cooking oil and rubber seed oil as ternary blend biodiesels. Ternary blends mean a combination of diesel, biodiesel-1 and biodiesel-2. Four ternary blends have been prepared in various proportions from linseed and rubber seed oil, and another four ternary blends have been prepared from linseed and waste cooking oil. These three oils have relatively similar physical characteristics, non-edible. Physical characteristics tests were carried out using ternary biodiesel mixtures. The experimental study has shown the physical characteristics of the ternary blend by comparing the blends' kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and fire point. The blend of 95% diesel, 2.5% linseed and 2.5% rubber seed biodiesel gives better physical characteristics. By analysing the graph, the particular blends give similar physical characteristics to diesel. So the blend of linseed and rubber seed oil gives the best physical characteristics compared to other blends. It has lower viscosity values, nearly the same as diesel. So it does not affect the performance of an engine.
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Duvuna, G. A., and A. A. Wara. "Determination of Operational Parameters of a Single Cylinder Two Stroke Engine Run on Jatropha Biodiesel." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.525.
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The utilization of jatropha oil in a small capacity laboratory diesel engine was investigated. The Jatropha biodiesel was obtained from National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria - Nigeria. The biodiesel was within the EN, BIS and Brazil specification for biodiesel. The tested blends were 20/80%, 30/70%, 40/60% and 50/50%. Each blend was tested on a short term trial of one hour. 20/80% jatropha oil/diesel blend addition gave the maximum brake power and thermal efficiency. The exhaust gas temperatures of the jatropha oil/diesel blends were lower than that of diesel signifying lower heat loss. The percentage heat losses were lower when operated on higher jatropha oil/diesel blends. For economy of fuel, 20/80% gave specific fuel consumption values when compared to other jatropha oil/diesel blends at all engine speeds. Higher volumetric efficiencies were obtained for lower engine speeds of jatropha oil/diesel blends. Air/fuel ratio shows a decreasing trend with increase in jatropha oil content in jatropha oil/diesel blends. There was no reaction of the jatropha oil/diesel blends with engine parts as there was no engine starting problems, wear out of components or breakdown. No long term assessment, emission characteristics or endurance tests including breakdown of jatropha oil biodiesel were carried out. The research found that 20/80% blend of jatropha oil/diesel blend gave the best performance amongst all blends It is recommended that 20/80% jatropha oil/diesel blend should be used to supplement fossil fuel.
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Teoh, Y. H., K. H. Yu, H. G. How, and H. T. Nguyen. "Experimental Investigation of Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Common-Rail Diesel Engine Fuelled with Bioethanol as a Fuel Additive in Coconut Oil Biodiesel Blends." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101954.
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In the present study, the effects of adding of bioethanol as a fuel additive to a coconut biodiesel-diesel fuel blend on engine performance, exhaust emissions, and combustion characteristics were studied in a medium-duty, high-pressure common-rail turbocharged four-cylinder diesel engine under different torque conditions. The test fuels used were fossil diesel fuels, B20 (20% biodiesel blend), B20E5 (20% biodiesel + 5% bioethanol blend), and B20E10 (20% biodiesel + 10% bioethanol blend). The experimental results demonstrated that there was an improvement in the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the blends at the expense of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) for each bioethanol blend. An increment in nitrogen oxide (NOx) across the entire load range, except at low load conditions, was found with a higher percentage of the bioethanol blend. Also, it was found that simultaneous smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) emission reduction from the baseline levels of petroleum diesel fuel is attainable by utilizing all types of fuel blends. In terms of combustion characteristics, the utilization of bioethanol blended fuels presented a rise in the peak in-cylinder pressure and peak heat release rate (HRR) at a low engine load, especially for the B20E10 blend. Furthermore, the B20E10 showed shorter combustion duration, which reduced by an average of 1.375 °CA compared to the corresponding baseline diesel. This study therefore showed that the B20E10 blend exhibited great improvements in the diesel engine, thus demonstrating that bioethanol is a feasible fuel additive for coconut biodiesel-diesel blends.
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Musa, Nicholas A., Georgina M. Teran, and Saraki A. Yaman. "Emission characterization of diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel its blends and diesel." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.10.
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The use of biodiesel in running diesel has been called for, with a view to mitigating the environmental pollution, depletion, cost and scarcity associated with the use diesel in running diesel engine. So the need to characterize the emissions from these biodiesel, cannot be overemphasized, hence this paper presents the evaluation of the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) from diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel, its blends and diesel for comparison. The result of the evaluation showed that NOX emission increased with increase in percentage of the biodiesel in the blend, while PM, CO, HC decreased with increase in the percentage biodiesel in the blend. In comparison with diesel, diesel has the least emission of NOX and the highest emission of PM, CO and HC.Keywords: Diesel engine, diesel, coconut oil biodiesel, blends, emissions
8
Islam, Md Saiful, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Aminul Islam, Sidek Abdul Aziz, Low Chyi Xian, and Moniruzzaman Mridha. "Study on Emission and Performance of Diesel Engine Using Castor Biodiesel." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/451526.
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This paper presents the result of investigations carried out in studying the emission and performance of diesel engine using the castor biodiesel and its blend with diesel from 0% to 40% by volume. The acid-based catalyzed transesterification system was used to produce castor biodiesel and the highest yield of 82.5% was obtained under the optimized condition. The FTIR spectrum of castor biodiesel indicates the presence of C=O and C–O functional groups, which is due to the ester compound in biodiesel. The smoke emission test revealed that B40 (biodiesel blend with 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel) had the least black smoke compared to the conventional diesel. Diesel engine performance test indicated that the specific fuel consumption of biodiesel blend was increased sufficiently when the blending ratio was optimized. Thus, the reduction in exhaust emissions and reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption made the blends of caster seed oil (B20) a suitable alternative fuel for diesel and could help in controlling air pollution.
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Liu, Yu, Jun Li, Ying Gao, and Xin Mei Yuan. "Laser Diagnostic Investigation on the Spray and Combustion with Butanol-Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blends." Advanced Materials Research 443-444 (January 2012): 986–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.443-444.986.
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. In this paper, blends of butanol-biodiesel-diesel were tested inside a constant volume chamber to investigate liquid spray and combustion of the fuels. With high-speed camera and synchronized copper vapor laser, spray penetration during injection is recorded since it has a higher light reflectivity. Various ambient temperatures and fuel composition were investigated. There is a sudden drop in spray penetration at 800 K and 900 K, but not at 1000 K and 1200 K. When the spray penetration of the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blends is compared to that of the biodiesel-diesel blends, under non-combusting environment, a sudden drop in spray penetration length is also observed at 1100 K. High speed imaging shows that, for the non-combusting case, at 1100 K, the tip of the spray jet erupts into a plume sometime after injection for the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blend. The same is not seen with the biodiesel-diesel blend, neither at lower ambient temperature of 900 K. It is concluded that micro-explosion can occurs under particular conditions for the butanol-biodiesel-diesel blend, and the results is consistent with previous study in the literature.
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Ramalingam, Senthil, Silambarasan Rajendran, and Pranesh Ganesan. "A Comparative Assessment of Operating Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using 20% Proportion of Different Biodiesel Diesel Blend." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0016.
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Abstract The objective of the present work is to find out the viable substitute fuel for diesel and control of pollutants from compression ignition engines. Therefore, in this present investigation an attempt has been made to study the effect of 20% proportion of five different biodiesel diesel blend in diesel engine. The 20% proportion of biodiesel such as Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, Annona and Nerium and 80% of diesel and it is denoted as J20, P20, M20, A20 and N20 are used in the present investigation. The experimental results showed that the brake thermal efficiency of the different biodiesel blend is slightly lower when compared to neat diesel fuel. However, N20 blend, have shown improvement in performance and reduction in exhaust emissions than that of other biodiesel diesel blends. From, the experimental work, it is found that biodiesel can be used up to 20% and 80% of diesel engine without any major modification. The conducted experiments were conducted on a four cylinder four stroke DI and turbo charged diesel engine using biodiesel blends of waste oil, rapeseed oil, and corn oil with normal diesel. The peak cylinder pressure of the engine running with bio diesel was slightly higher than that of diesel. The experiments were conducted on a four cylinder four stroke diesel engine using bio diesel made from corn oil.
11
Miraculas, G. Antony, and N. Bose. "Performance Evaluation and Exhaust Emission Analysis of a CI Engine Fuelled with Pongamia Pinnata Biodiesel and its Blends." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.151.
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Biodiesel usage is gradually becoming popular around the world because of their low environmental pollutants. The properties of biodiesel and its blend were compared with that of diesel. The study reviled that the performance of the engine with 20% PPME gives better performance than that of diesel at part load. The performance for other blends where slightly lesser than that that of diesel. The BSFC of biodiesel was slightly higher than that of diesel due to its lower calorific value. CO and HC emissions were found lesser for biodiesel and its blend compared with that of diesel, whereas NOx emission was found somewhat higher than that of diesel.
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Kaisan, Muhammad Usman, Ibrahim Umar Ibrahim, and Dhinesh Balasubramanian. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF BINARY AND TERNARY BLEND RATIOS OF BIODIESEL ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-674.
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Despite the dependable attempts by researchers in the field of sustainable fuels, engines, and emissions, there is a research gap in the area of variations of biodiesel blend ratios with specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine as well as the brake thermal efficiency of engines. Therefore, this article has investigated how the blending ratio of biodiesel from jatropha, neem and cotton seeds oil mixed with petrol diesel affects the brake specific fuel consumption of a compression ignition engine and likewise the brake thermal efficiency of the binary and multi-blends of biodiesel with diesel. Three different biodiesel samples were blended with diesel; the biodiesel was achieved through an alkali transesterification reaction. The blending was done for each biodiesel with diesel alone, and that of mixed biodiesel blends with fossil diesel in a definite ratio. The blends were run on a stationary four-cylinder compression ignition engine with an exhaust analyzer to detect CO, NOx, and exhaust temperature ranges. It was recorded that, the combustion of the blends at an engine speed of 1500 rpm, between the Jatropha blend ratios 25 to 30 %, the brake specific fuel consumptions (bsfc) decrease further as against the initial trend shown at 1000 rpm. At 2000 rpm engine speed, the Neem, as well as the mixed biodiesel blends, show entirely different patterns. 25% Jatropha blend gives the best overall performance
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Khan, T. M. Yunus. "Direct Transesterification for Biodiesel Production and Testing the Engine for Performance and Emissions Run on Biodiesel-Diesel-Nano Blends." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020417.
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In the current research, the biodiesel was prepared from feedstocks of Neem oil and Karanja oil employing a single step direct transesterification method using acid-base catalysts simultaneously. The fuel properties of both Neem and Karanja biodiesel along with different biodiesel-diesel blends were studied and compared. Biodiesel produced from Neem oil was found better in terms of kinematic viscosity, calorific value and cloud point for all its blends with diesel compared to Karanja biodiesel-diesel blends. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of addition of graphene nano particles on fuel properties of biodiesel-diesel blends. The B20 biodiesel-diesel blend was selected, which was blended with graphene nano particles in different proportions (35, 70, 105 ppm) to get different stable and symmetric B20-nano blends. The fuel properties except kinematic viscosity were further improved with higher dosages of nano particles with the biodiesel-diesel blend. The performance and emissions tests were conducted on 4-stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine. Higher concentrated B20-nano blends of Neem (NOME20GO105) and Karanja (KOME20GO105) resulted in 31 and 30.9% of brake thermal efficiency, respectively, compared with diesel of 32.5%. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was reduced by 10 and 11% for NOME20GO105 and KOME20GO105, respectively, compared to their respective B20 blends. Similarly, carbon monoxide (CO) was reduced significantly by 27 and 29% for NOME20GO105 and KOME20GO105, respectively.
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Yilbaşi, Zeki, Murat Kadir Yesilyurt, Hayri Yaman, and Mevlut Arslan. "The industrial-grade hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed oil biodiesel application in a diesel engine: combustion, harmful pollutants, and performance characteristics." Science and Technology for Energy Transition 77 (2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2022011.
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The core focus of the present investigation is regarding biodiesel production from industrial hemp seed oil applying single-stage homogenous catalyzed transesterification process obtaining high yield of methyl ester. The engine tests were carried out on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, water-cooled, unmodified diesel engine operating with hemp seed oil methyl ester as well as its blends with conventional diesel fuel. The experimental findings of the test fuels were compared with those from diesel. The results pointed out that the performance and combustion behaviors of biodiesel fuels are just about in line with those of diesel fuel propensity. The specific fuel consumption for 5% biodiesel blend (0.291 kg/kW h), 10% biodiesel blend (0.305 kg/kW h), and 20% biodiesel blend (0.312 kg/kW h) blends at full load was closer to diesel (0.275 kg/kW h). In the meantime, the thermal efficiency for biodiesel was found to be at the range of 15.98–24.97% and it was slightly lower than that of diesel (18.10–29.85%) at the working loads. On the other hand, the harmful pollutant characteristics of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke opacity for biodiesel and its blends were observed to be lower in comparison with diesel during the trials. However, the oxides of nitrogen emissions for biodiesel were monitored to be as 6.85–15.40 g/kW h which was remarkably higher than that of diesel (4.71–8.63 g/kW h). Besides that, the combustion behaviors of biodiesel and its blends with diesel showed much the same followed those of diesel. Namely, the duration of ignition delay of biodiesel–diesel blends was shorter than that of diesel fuel because of the higher cetane number specification of the methyl ester. The highest gas pressures inside the cylinder as well as the rates of the heat release of biodiesel including test fuels are lower in contrast to the diesel due to the shorter ignition delay. It could be concluded that the utilization of biodiesel produced from industrial hemp seed oil in the diesel engine up to 20% (by vol.) will decrease the consumption of diesel and environmental pollution, especially in developing countries.
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Chasos, Charalambos A., George N. Karagiorgis, and Chris N. Christodoulou. "Diesel Internal Combustion Engine Emissions Measurements for Methanol-Based and Ethanol-Based Biodiesel Blends." Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (May 23, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162312.
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There is a recent interest for the utilisation of renewable and alternative fuel, which is regulated by the European Union, that currently imposes a lower limit of 7% by volume of biodiesel fuel blend in diesel fuel. The biodiesel physical characteristics, as well as the percentage of biodiesel blend in diesel fuel, affect the injector nozzle flow, the spray characteristics, the resulting air/fuel mixture, and subsequently the combustion quality and emissions, as well as the overall engine performance. In the present study, two different types of pure biodiesel fuel, namely, methanol-based biodiesel and ethanol-based biodiesel, were produced in the laboratory of Frederick University by chemical processing of raw materials. The two biodiesel fuels were used for blending pure diesel fuel at various percentages. The blends were used for smoke emissions measurements of a diesel internal combustion engine at increasing engine speed and for increasing engine temperatures. From the experimental investigations it was found that ethanol-based biodiesel blends result in higher smoke emissions than pure diesel fuel, while methanol-based biodiesel blends smoke emissions are lower compared to pure diesel fuel.
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Manimaran, R., and K. Murugu Mohan Kumar. "An Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Nanofluid and Peltier Element on Diesel and Biodiesel Blends in Compression Ignition Engine." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.6 (July 4, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.6.14930.
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This research work discusses the experimental investigations on the combined effects of Nanofluid and Peltier elements in mahua biodiesel blends with diesel fuel. The fuel test was carried out in a single cylinder ata constant speed (1500 rpm) direct injection diesel engine. Mahua oil used as an effective alternative to diesel fuel and mahua methyl ester derived from transesterification process. The mahua biodiesel was blended with diesel and nanofluid on volume fraction like M10, M20, M10* and M20*. Nanofluidin biodiesel blends with diesel resultsefficient combustion leads to improvement in engine performance, butit causes an increase in viscosity. Peltier element was used to reduce biodiesel blend viscosity with the principle of thermo-electricity.Finally, this research work concludes Mahua biodiesel 20% + diesel 80% + 2ml of aluminium oxide nanofluid (M20*) fuel act as an effective alternative fuel.M20*blend results in better engine combustion, performance (improved BTE and optimum BSEC) and decreased emission of NOx, Smoke and increased HC, CO emissions as compared to diesel fuel operation at peak power outputs.
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Chavan, Nikhil D., and Amar P. Pandhare. "Comparative Investigations on Mahua Biodiesel-Diesel - Alcohol Low Percentage Blends with a VCR Diesel Engine." E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001014.
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In this analysis mahua oil biodiesel isselected as one of the best alternative fuel to diesel.Transesterficiation processisusedforbiodieselproduction.Serious concern on the emissions, in particularthe nitrogen oxides (NOx), PM (particulate matters) and carbondioxide (CO2)led to think about additives to improve the overall performance. In this investigation additives are used to improve the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Mahua biodiesel (B) and Diesel (D) blends. B20 blend is used as basic blend to compare the performance.Ethanol (E) and Propanol (P) used as additives indiesel-biodiesel blend with 5%,10% and 15%and tested in VCR diesel engine. Ethanol shown better performance in particular as compare to Propanol. The reduction of NOx, CO, CO2, HC emission in diesel engine and also increase performance in addition of 10% ethanol. From this conclude the result ethanol is alternative to improve efficiency of diesel engine by using the blended biodiesel.
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Belozertseva, N. E., O. M. Torchakova, I. A. Bogdanov, and M. V. Kirgina. "Feasibility study of using biodiesel fuels as a blendstock of commercial diesel fuels." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 12, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-1-130-140.
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Reducing emissions associated with the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels and increasing the consumption of biofuels represents an urgent economic and environmental task. Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel and is widely used as a commercial fuel blendstock. In this regard, it is important to study the feasibility of using biodiesel obtained from various raw materials as a blendstock of commercial diesel fuels, as well as to identify optimal ratios of biodiesel fuel/petroleum diesel fuel. The addition of even small amounts of biodiesel has a positive effect on the environmental properties of the fuel. In the present study, we synthesize biodiesel fuel from sunflower, corn, and rapeseed oils by the reaction of interesterification using ethyl alcohol as an interesterifying agent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. The composition and properties of the synthesized biodiesel fuels were determined. Blends of biodiesel/petroleum diesel fuel with 5, 10, 15, 20 vol.% biodiesel blend content were prepared followed by determination of their composition and properties. It was found that the addition of biodiesel fuel increases the density, viscosity, and self-ignition of the resulting fuel, at the same time as decreasing the sulfur content and making the fractional composition heavier. This effect is directly proportional to the concentration of biodiesel in the blend. The effect of reducing the limiting filterability temperature of the blend fuel by the addition of biodiesel was revealed, with its maximum achieved at different concentrations of biodiesel synthesized from sunflower, corn, and rapeseed oils. For the production of a summer commercial diesel fuel, we recommend blends of 10vol.% biodiesel fuel, derived from any of the vegetable oils under study, and 90vol.% petroleum diesel fuel.
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Madhuri, R. Jaya, J. Venkatesu Naik, and Vandana Roa. "Effects of Aloe Vera Biodiesel Blends with TiO2 on the Emission and Performance Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine." Biotechnology Journal International 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bji/2023/v27i1667.
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Concerns about the effect of activities that need the use of alternative fuels, as well as a growth in demand for clean energy, have made biofuels research more well-known, and so began the search for oilseed plants that can be used to make biodiesel. Present research was carried out the aloe vera oil is used as a biodiesel in diesel engine. Because aloe vera oil having higher calorific value compare to other sources. Potassium hydroxide catalyst was used for transesterification process, which has lesser cost and more availability. And also, in this work conducted diesel engine experiments using four different biodiesel blends (B20, B40, B60, B100) and diesel fuel. Additionally, to reduce the emission nano particles (TiO2) was blended with optimal biodiesel blend (B20). The performance and emission characteristics were conducted with different biodiesel blends. In this blends, B20+ TiO2 blend gives good performance and reduction in emissions compared to other biodiesel blends.
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Agarwal, A. K., and L. M. Das. "Biodiesel Development and Characterization for Use as a Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, no. 2 (December 27, 2000): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1364522.
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Neat vegetable oils pose some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of the neat vegetable oils. These problems are reduced to minimum by subjecting the vegetable oils to the process of transesterification. Various properties of the biodiesel thus developed are evaluated and compared in relation to that of conventional diesel oil. These tests for biodiesel and diesel oil include density, viscosity, flash point, aniline point/cetane number, calorific value, etc. The prepared biodiesel was then subjected to performance and emission tests in order to evaluate its actual performance, when used as a diesel engine fuel. The data generated for various concentrations of biodiesel blends were compared with base line data generated for neat diesel oil. It was found that 20 percent blend of biodiesel gave the best performance amongst all blends. It gave net advantage of 2.5 percent in peak thermal efficiency and there was substantial reduction in smoke opacity values. This blend was chosen for long term endurance test. The engine operating on optimum biodiesel blend showed substantially improved behavior. A series of engine tests provided adequate and relevant information that the biodiesel can be used as an alternative, environment friendly fuel in existing diesel engines without substantial hardware modification.
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Mohamed, Mohamed, Chee-Keong Tan, Ali Fouda, Mohammed Saber Gad, Osayed Abu-Elyazeed, and Abdel-Fatah Hashem. "Diesel Engine Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel and Its Blends Derived from Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 5708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215708.
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This paper first describes a slow catalytic pyrolysis process used for synthesizing biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) as a feedstock. The influence of variations in the catalyst type (sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide), and catalyst concentration (0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 10.0% by weight) on both the pyrolysis temperature range and biodiesel yield were investigated. The results suggested that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was more effective than potassium hydroxide (KOH) as catalysts and that the highest yield (around 70 wt.%) was observed for a NaOH concentration of about 1 wt.% The resultant pyrolysis temperature range was also significantly lower for NaOH catalyst, thus suggesting overall lower energy consumption. Compared to conventional diesel, the synthesized biodiesel exhibited relatively similar physical properties and calorific value. The biodiesel was subsequently blended with diesel fuel in different blend ratios of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% by volume of biodiesel and were later tested in a compression ignition engine. Brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption were observed to be worse with biodiesel fuel blends particularly at higher engine load above 50%. However, NOx emission generally decreased with increasing blend ratio across all engine load, with greater reduction observed at higher engine load. Similar observation can also be concluded for CO emission. In contrast, lower hydrocarbon (HC) emission from the biodiesel fuel blends was only observed for blend ratios no higher than 40%. Particulate emission from the biodiesel fuel blends did not pose an issue given its comparable smoke opacity to diesel observed during the engine test. The in-cylinder peak pressures, temperature and heat release rate of biodiesel fuel blends were lower than diesel. Overall, biodiesel fuel blends exhibited shorter ignition delays when compared to diesel fuel.
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Pandey, Vivek, Irfan Anjum Badruddin, Sarfaraz Kamangar, and Addisu Bekele Alemayehu. "Size Effect of Nanoceria Blended with CIME Biodiesel on Engine Characteristics." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010006.
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Diesel fuel blends with biodiesels are expected to mitigate the rising price and demand of conventional fuels. Biodiesel fuel blends are also known to reduce engine emissions. Biodiesel is produced from various sources, one of which is Calophyllum Inophyllum methyl ester biodiesel (CIMEBD). Even though it serves to mitigate the energy crisis and has a low overall carbon footprint, CIMEBD has certain negative issues relating to engine performance and emission characteristics. Nanoparticle (NP) addition is known to enhance the engine performance characteristics of next generation biofuels. CeO2 (cerium oxide or ceria) NPs of varying size are used in this study along with 25:75 biodiesel–diesel (BD) blend and a fixed NP concentration of 90 ppm. Ceria NP-doped fuel is shown to have better engine performance compared to diesel and BD blend for all load conditions. Improvements in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) values equal to +30% and −46%, respectively, are observed from experiments for ceria NP-doped biodiesel, compared to diesel–biodiesel (BD) blend. Ceria NPs in the 20 to 40 nm range have optimum engine performance characteristics. Compared to BD blends, NP-doped biodiesel shows improvements in NOx, CO, CO2, UHC, and soot parameters up to −35%, −60%, −35%, −38%, and −40%, respectively. Likewise, the optimum size of ceria NPs is in the range 20–40 nm for better emission characteristics.
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Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil, Rizalman Mamat, Abdul Mutalib Leman, Amir Khalid, and Noreffendy Tamaldin. "Experimental Investigation on Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends Operating with a Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.221.
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Biodiesel is an alternative, decomposable and biological-processed fuel that has similar characteristics with mineral diesel which can be used directly into diesel engines. However, biodiesel has its drawbacks which are more density and viscosity compared to mineral diesel. Alcohol additives implementation such as ethanol could reduce significantly the density and viscosity of the biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (5%)-diesel (75%), biodiesel (20%)-methanol (10%)-diesel (70%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (15%)-diesel (65%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (20%)-diesel (60%) and standard mineral diesel as a baseline fuel are tested in a Mitsubishi 4D68 diesel engine. Those test fuels are investigated under the same operating conditions at three different engine loads; 20%, 40% and 60% at a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm to determine the engine performance, combustion and emission of the diesel engine. Overall, biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends show higher brake specific fuel consumption than mineral diesel especially at higher ethanol concentration. As ethanol proportions in blends increase, CO emissions increase, while NO emissions are reduced. Also, biodiesel-ethanol blend with 5% ethanol is more effective than other biodiesel-ethanol blends for reducing CO emissions and improve the combustion.
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Krishna, B. Murali. "DICI Engine With Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel Fuel as a Biodegrade Substitute." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.287120.
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The most popularly used prime mover is compression ignition (CI) engine, which moves a large portion of the world’s good and majorly uses diesel as a fuel in turn leads ever increasing demand throughout the world wide. Also, one of the largest contributors to environmental pollution is diesel fuel. The resolving solution for this problem is use of renewable fuel i.e. Biodiesel. Biomass in the form of cashew nut shell (CNSL) represents a new energy source and abundant biodegradable source of energy in India. The Biodiesel made from CNSL and its blend with diesel are promising alternative fuel for diesel engine. This paper presents performance evolution results of single cylinder diesel engine with different loads were studied using Diesel and CNSL Biodiesel [with 5 to 30% proportion] blends. The results are compared with neat diesel operation and concluded that 25 % CNSL Biodiesel blend is the optimum.
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Firdaus, NK, A. Aunillah, E. Wardiana, D. Pranowo, M. Herman, and Syafaruddin. "Comparison of engine performance and emissions for fuels of diesel-biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1038, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1038/1/012025.
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Abstract Biodiesel is a substitute or replacement petroleum diesel fuel used to reduce pollution without modifying engines. This study aimed to investigate the engine performance and emissions characteristics of a passenger car engine (Hilux 2.4G Double cabin (4x4) M/T) fuelled by two different fuels, which is biodiesel (B100) and diesel-biodiesel fuel blend (B20). The study was conducted at the Bioenergy Laboratory of Balittri, the Thermodynamics and Propulsion Engine Research Center of BPPT, and the Research Center for Oil and Gas Technology Development (LEMIGAS), from November 2019 to February 2020. The result showed that the traction and power for diesel-biodiesel fuel blends were obtained slightly higher than biodiesel. Biodiesel has marginally higher fuel consumption than diesel-biodiesel fuel blends. According to the emission analysis, biodiesel produces lower exhaust emissions of unburned fuel emissions, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide content in the exhaust gas than diesel-biodiesel fuel blends.
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Joshi, Ishwar, and Surya Prasad Adhikari. "Performance Characteristics of Pine Oil Mixed Diesel Fueled Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine." Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i1.37819.
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In this study, biodiesel from the stem of Pinus roxburghii was prepared by steam distillation process. Consequently, the physical and thermal properties of pine biodiesel (P100), and 20 % pine-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (P20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results confirmed that the thermophysical properties of pine biodiesel and its blend were suitable for the fuel in diesel engine without any modification in the test engine. Eventually, the engine performance and combustion parameters were evaluated for pine-biodiesel blend for 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (P5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (P10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (P15) and P20, and compared with diesel on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine for a compression ratio of 15:1. In the midst of those in different blends evaluated, P15 showed the better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) i.e 18.75 % lower than diesel fuel particularly up to 50 % of the engine load. However, at higher load, decrease rate in BSFC of P15 fuel is lower than engine load up to 50 %. Similarly, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P15 increases to 13.5% mainly on 50 % loading condition of the engine. At above, increment rate of BTE of pine oil biodiesel compared to diesel decreases. The brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of P15 also found nearer to diesel. However, the BP of P15 found higher compared to diesel in all loading conditions. Thus, from the experimental investigations, P15 blend of pine oil biodiesel was found to be amenable for its use in compression ignition (CI) engine without any modification, as the BTE and SFC were found to better and, BP, indicated power (IP) and BMEP were also found nearer to diesel fuel.
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Ghanim, Fatima Mohammed, Ali Mohammed Hamdan Adam, and Hazir Farouk. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Fuel Blends." No 1 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51141/ijatr.2018.4.1.2.
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Abstract: There is growing interest to study the effect of blending various oxygenated additives with diesel or biodiesel fuel on engine performance and emission characteristics. This study aims to analyze the performance and exhaust emission of a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel-ethanol-diesel. Biodiesel was first produced from crude Jatropha oil, and then it was blended with ethanol and fossil diesel in different blend ratios (B10E10D80, B12.5E12.5D75, B15E15D70, B20E20D60 and B25E25D50). The engine performance and emission characteristics were studied at engine speeds ranging from 1200 to 2000 rpm. The results show that the brake specific fuel consumption increases while the brake power decreases as the percentage of biodiesel and ethanol increases in the blend. The exhaust emission analysis shows a reduction in CO2 emission and increase in NOx emission when the biodiesel -to- ethanol ratio increases in the blends, when compared with diesel as a reference fuel.
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Savariraj, S., T. Ganapathy, and C. G. Saravanan. "Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission Characteristics of Mahua Biodiesel in Diesel Engine." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (October 31, 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/405182.
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Biodiesel derived from nonedible feed stocks such as Mahua, Jatropha, Pongamia are reported to be feasible choices for developing countries including India. This paper presents the results of investigation of performance and emissions characteristics of diesel engine using Mahua biodiesel. In this investigation, the blends of varying proportions of Mahua biodiesel and diesel were prepared, analyzed compared with the performance of diesel fuel, and studied using a single cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperatures, Co, Hc, No, and smoke emissions were analyzed. The tests showed decrease in the brake thermal efficiencies of the engine as the amount of Mahua biodiesel in the blend increased. The maximum percentage of reduction in BTE (14.3%) was observed for B-100 at full load. The exhaust gas temperature with the blends decreased as the proportion of Mahua increases in the blend. The smoke, Co, and No emissions of the engine were increased with the blends at all loads. However, Hc emissions of Mahua biodiesels were less than that of diesel.
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Naser, Abdul Salam. "Cetane Number Improver Added to Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Effects on Direct Injection Four Stroke Compression Ignition Engine Performance and Emissions." Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), no. 1 (October 14, 2021): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v35i1.274.
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This study investigates the influence of cetane number improver on performance and emissions of a DI four stroke diesel engine fueled with biodiesel (derived from corn oil)–diesel blend fuel. Different percentages of cetane number enhancer (2, 4, and 6%) were added to blends. The results show that: the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased compared with diesel fuel. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) improved remarkably, the enhancement achieved was about 6.1% on BTE of diesel fuel with adding 6% of CN improver to B20. NOx increased when CN improver was added to blends. The combustion characteristics of biodiesel–diesel blend fuel at large load may be resumed to diesel fuel by CN improver, but some difference exists at lower load yet.
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Falbo, Luigi, and Ernesto Ramundo. "Performance Analysis of a Biodiesel-Fired Engine for Cogeneration." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 08013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131208013.
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The continuous demand to reduce both the pollutant emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) is increasing the use of alternative fuels as biodiesel in direct-injection compression ignition engines under combined heat and power (CHP) configuration. Although the biodiesel has different thermophysical properties compared to the standard diesel, it can be used in compression ignition engines without significant modifications. However, the pure biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends provide different performance and combustion characteristics with respect to the standard diesel engine. In order to estimate the behaviour of a micro-CHP system fuelled with biodiesel, a zero dimensional (0D) numerical model was development. This model is based on a single zone model and predicts the behaviour of a biodiesel/diesel blend-fired engine at full and partial load in terms of electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Notwithstanding the biodiesel/diesel blend reveals lower performance in terms of electric and thermal efficiencies, can be used in CHP systems preserving the environmental sustainability avoiding significant modifications in the engine architecture.
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Madiwale, Shrikant, Karthikeyan Alagu, and Virendra Bhojwani. "Investigation of cottonseed oil biodiesel with ethanol as an additive on fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine." Thermal Science 24, no. 1 Part A (2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180604235m.
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In last few years in automobile sector there is a emerging need of an alternative fuel because of depletion of the stock of fossil fuels in all over the world. Bio-diesel in this regard contested a strong alternative to the conventional fuels. Bio-diesel contains 9-10% higher oxygen and higher cetane number which allows its good combustion in the combustion chambers of the engine. But poor hot flow and cold flow properties of biodiesel restricts their applications in the field of automotives. So the blends of biodiesel in percentage with diesel and ethanol as an properties enhancer additives are used in the biodiesel/diesel blend. Reduced viscosity, higher calorific value, improved flash and fire point and enhanced cold flow properties of the blends with ethanol as an additive, enhanced the combustion and reduced harmful emissions from the engine. Experimental work presented in this paper is by considering cottonseed biodiesel as raw feedstock blended with diesel and 5% ethanol. Properties were investigated experimentally as per IS 1448 standards. Trials were conducted on the single cylinder diesel. Results show that there are significant improvements in the properties of the blend, performance, combustion and reduced harmful emission from the engine. Experimental investigation reported that ethanol as an additives in the blends of cotton-seed biodiesel with diesel reduces kinematic viscosity by 7%, cold flow properties by 9% to 10% . But on the other hand but density of the blend is increased by 3% and higher heating value is decreased by 9%.
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Ramesha, D. K., Nishad Rajmalwar, T. Sreeharsha Varma, and Swamy K. M. Mrithyunajaya. "Study of the Effects of Ethanol As an Additive with a Blend of Poultry Litter Biodiesel and Alumina Nanoparticles on a Diesel Engine." Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 15, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mecdc-2017-0008.
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AbstractWith the increasing population and rise in industrialization, the demand for petroleum reserves is increasing almost daily. This is causing depletion of the non-renewable energy resources. This work aims to find an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The use of poultry litter oil biodiesel obtained from poultry industry waste, which is a non-edible source for biodiesel, is very encouraging as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. The aim of this study is to observe and maximize the performance of poultry litter oil biodiesel by adding alumina nanoparticles and ethanol. The biodiesel is prepared with acid and the base catalysed transesterification of poultry litter oil with methanol using concentrated sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide as catalysts. The experimentation is carried out on a CI engine with three different blends - B20 biodiesel blend, B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles, and B20 biodiesel blend with 30 mg/L alumina nanoparticles and 15 ml/L ethanol. The performance, combustion and emission characteristics of all three blends are compared with neat diesel. The results of the experiment show that ethanol as an additive improves the combustion and performance characteristics. It increases the brake thermal efficiency and peak cylinder pressure. It also reduces CO and UBHC emissions and there is a marginal increase in NOxemissions as compared to neat diesel.
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Bitrus, R., I. A. Rufai, and S. H. Ogweda. "Effect of Butanol Addition to Neem Biodiesel-Diesel Blend on Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 24, no. 5 (June 24, 2020): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i5.24.
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The effect of butanol addition in biodiesel-diesel blend to ascertain the emission characteristics of diesel engine was investigated. Experiments were carried out on a four-stroke, single cylinder, air-cooled compression ignition engine. A blend of neem biodiesel 20% and diesel fuel 80% was prepared and labelled as B20. Butanol was then added to B20 blend at volume percent of 5%, 10% and 15% which was labelled as B20Bu5, B20Bu10 and B20Bu15 respectively. These samples were tested on the engine at two conditions: firstly, when speed was constant (2600 rpm) with varying torque of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 11 Nm, and secondly when torque was constant (4 Nm) with varying speed of 2000, 2200, 2400 and 2600 rpm. Exhaust gas analyzer was used to measure exhaust emissions such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC). The result shows that B20 blend has the highest amount of NO emission at all engine loads. At varying speed B20 blend was found to have NO emission of 303.8 ppm on average but the addition of butanol to B20 blend significantly reduced the amount of NO emission by 16%. NO emission reduced much with more percentage of butanol in the blend. In regards to CO2 emission, it was found that blends containing butanol emits higher amount of CO2 than B20 blend. However, CO2 emission decreased as percentage of butanol in the blend increase. At constant speed B20 blend increases CO emission more than blends containing butanol while at varying speed the result shows very insignificant difference. It was also revealed that blends containing butanol releases higher HC emissions than B20 blend across all engine speeds. At varying torque B20 blend emits higher HC than blends with butanol except for B20Bu15 which has 16.4 ppm on average. A regression equation was developed in order to predict the exhaust emissions at specific engine conditions using a particular fuel blend.
Keywords: Butanol, neem-biodiesel-diesel, emissions and predictive equation
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Nair, Jayashri N., Thokchom Subhaschandra Singh, and Vallapudi Dhana Raju. "Effect of addition of bio-additive clove oil to ternary fuel blends (Diesel-Biodiesel-Ethanol) on compression ignition engine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012212.
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Abstract The use of biodiesel reduces emissions like hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM); but increases nitrogen oxide emissions. Additives inculcated in diesel and biodiesel has served as one of the means to decrease NOx emissions. An attempt is made to investigate the effect of the addition of ethanol and clove oil, to Pongamia biodiesel, on performance and emission characteristics. Pongamia biodiesel was extracted by transesterification using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. 5% Ethanol and 0.5 and 1 ml clove oil were added to the esters produced. B20 (20% biodiesel + 80% diesel), B20E5 (20% biodiesel + 75% diesel +5% ethanol), B20E5CL0.5 ( 20% biodiesel +75% diesel+5% ethanol +0.5 ml Clove oil) and B20E5CL1 (20% biodiesel + 75% diesel+5% ethanol +1 ml Clove oil) were analysed. The test was performed on a single-cylinder, four-stroke engine connected to an eddy current type dynamometer for loading. The addition of 1ml of antioxidant (clove oil) resulted in an increase in brake thermal efficiency by 8.9% and brake specific fuel consumption marginally by 1.53 %. At higher loads, the B20E5CL1 blend showed a 13% reduction in NOx emission. B20E5CL1 blend also resulted in a reduction in CO emission at higher loads. Ethanol addition to the biodiesel (B20E5 blend) resulted in the highest brake thermal efficiency but at the cost of NOx emissions. Blends with ethanol and clove oil reported good results at higher loads.
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Freitas, Emmanuelle Soares de Carvalho, Lílian Lefol Nani Guarieiro, Marcus Vinícius Ivo da Silva, Keize Katiane dos Santos Amparo, Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado, Egidio Teixeira de Almeida Guerreiro, José Fernando Carneiro de Jesus, and Ednildo Andrade Torres. "Emission and Performance Evaluation of a Diesel Engine Using Addition of Ethanol to Diesel/Biodiesel Fuel Blend." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 2988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15092988.
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Many countries have adopted the addition of biodiesel to diesel as a way of inserting renewable content into mineral fuel and making a contribution to the environment. The addition of ethanol to the diesel/biodiesel blend to increase the renewable content of the added fuel blend and reduce the percentage of biodiesel could be a strategysince the demand for biodiesel production is high, and this fuel has a high production cost when compared to ethanol. Thus, this study evaluated the performance and the content of NOx, CO and CO2 exhaust gases from a diesel engine fueled with blends of diesel/biodiesel/ethanol: pure B7, B7E3 (B7 with 3% ethanol) and B7E10 (B7 with 10% ethanol). Emissions of fuel blends were evaluated using the engine speed variation and tested at a speed of 1500 rpm under constant load (185 Nm). Assays were performed at engine speeds of 1000, 1100, 1250, 1500 and 1750 rpm and with loads of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the maximum torque. Through the performance curves, the specific consumption and thermal efficiency were evaluated. The increase in speed and ethanol content in the diesel/biodiesel mixture increased approximately 5 to 7 and 1.4 times, respectively, in terms of the emission of exhaust gases. There was a 6% decrease in the maximum torque and power available at each speed with increasing ethanol content in the blend. However, in a vehicular application, this decrease would be perceived only at some points of the part-load regime, causing considerable reductions in thermal efficiency.
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Khan, Abdussalam, Abu Saleh Ahmed, Muhammad Khusairy Bakri, A. N. R. Reddy, and Md Rezaur Rahman. "Performance of Coconut Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine with Exhaust Gas Emission Analysis." Materials Science Forum 1030 (May 2021): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1030.149.
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Biodiesel fuel is biodegradable, Sulphur free, non-toxic and environmentally friendly. Current research focuses on coconut biodiesel production using crude coconut oil. Both one and two step transesterification methods were utilized to analyze the effect of free fatty acid on the transesterification process while the two-step transesterification reported highest yield biodiesel percentage of 84% compared to the one step i.e. 72%. The fuel properties found compatible with standards. The biodiesel blends fueled diesel engine performance tests were performed on diesel engine Water-cooled, four stroke, single cylinder, Direct Injection System (Kubota - RK95-1-NB-RDK). The biofuel blend with 10% of coconut biodiesel and 90% Petro-diesel shown the highest brake horsepower of 8.809KW, engine power of 1.685KW and mechanical efficiency of 15.24%. While in exhaust gas emission analysis, the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide decrease with the increasing biodiesel blend whereas the nitrogen oxides increased.
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S., Manjunath, and Ramakrishna N Hegde. "Investigative Studies on Performance Behavior on an IDI diesel engine with a Geometrically Modified Swirl Chamber using Biodiesel Blends." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 20, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v20i1.21080.
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In this experimental study, combustion, performance and emission characteristics of conventional swirl chamber (CSC) and geometrically modified swirl chamber (GMSC) of IDI diesel engines were studied. A GMSC was designed and fabricated in a separated engine head, for performance testing and comparison purpose. Biodiesel from chia seed oil was extracted by transesterification process and blended with diesel based on volumetric ratios of 5% to 25%, in steps of 10% increase. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel blends were compared with petroleum diesel using the CSC and GMSC. The result shows BTE of biodiesel blend BC05, BC15 and BC25 using the GMSC are 3.18%, 0.21% and 1.19% lesser compared to CSC 75% load. In-cylinder pressure of blends BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 66.3 bar, 59.04 bar and 54.34 bar with GMSC. BSFC of BC05, BC15 and BC25 with GMSC are 2.56%, 9.38% and 11.95% higher compared to diesel due to the low CV of biodiesel. NOx emissions for diesel, BC05, BC15 and BC25 are 9.47%, 18.41%, 6.98% and 1.67% respectively less at 75% load with GMSC compared to CSC. From the performance and emission characteristics blend B15 may be recommended as a promising substitute for petroleum diesel.
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Malik, Ashish, and Parlad Kumar. "Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel of Jatropha Oil and Soybean Oil." Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2012.1.2.2299.
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Biodiesel is considered as an important renewable and alternative fuel of future. This paper focuses on the performance of biodiesel made from jatropha oil and soybean oil. The biodiesel was produced through transesterification process and it was blended with the fossil diesel. The blended mixtures were tested in an IC diesel engine attached with a dynamometer. On the basis of performance tests it was found that brake thermal efficiency of mixed jatropha and soybean biodiesel blends is nearer to pure diesel oil at different rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption obtained with biodiesel blend of mixture of jatropha and soybean oil is comparable with fossil diesel.
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Alrkaby, Ghassan S. Ali, and Abed AL-Kadim M. Hassan. "Experimental Study on Performance and Emission Characteristic of Diesel Engine using Sunflower oil Biodiesel Blends." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 8A (August 25, 2020): 1169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i8a.385.
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Biodiesel fuel is a liquid biofuel produced by chemical process form new and used phytogenic oils, animal fats. Biodiesel fuels can be utilization alone or mixing with the pure diesel at different proportion. In the present work a diesel engine type (FIAT) , four cylinder, variable speed, direct injection was operated by sunflower oil methyl ester , biodiesel at different blend ratio . five different ratio of biodiesel blends 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% by volume is used in this study and compared with using of pure diesel at variable loads and variable engine speed. The effect of biodiesel additive to pure diesel on the performance and emission characteristics. Adjust the engine speed at 1100 rpm by means of the engine tachometer and digital tachometer, and reduce the load gradually until the engine speed increased to 1900 rpm automatically by increments of 200 rpm. The BSFC for B20 It seems less than the other ratio of biodiesel blends, and the BTE of biodiesel blends is lower than the pure diesel but the B20 having high BTE in comparison with the other biodiesel- diesel mixtures. the UHC and CO emission for B20 is less than the biodiesel blends and pure diesel, but the NOX emission for B20 is lower than the other biodiesel blends and higher than pure diesel. The present work shows the B20 relatively is a better performance and combustion characteristic than that biodiesel blends ratio.
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Gupta, Sandeep, and Mahendra Pal Sharma. "Impact of binary blends of biodiesels on fuel quality, engine performance and emission characteristics." Clean Energy 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkad002.
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Abstract The incessant pressure of energy requirements by the growing global populace has led to the exploration of unconventional methods to produce renewable and sustainable fuels. Among these, biodiesel is most suited to the present needs of eco-friendly standards to keep the atmosphere free from residual emissions. Various fuel-modification methods were developed over a couple of decades to make biodiesel suitable for diesel engines. In the present research, Jatropha curcas biodiesel and waste-cooking-oil (WCO) biodiesel were used to craft a unique binary blend to obtain desirable fuel properties and operational suitability for the diesel engine. The blend with 80% WCO biodiesel and 20% J. curcas biodiesel, which had the most suitable fuel properties, was tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder vertical diesel engine. The emissions and operational parameters were analysed and compared with diesel. The results of the study indicated that engine emissions for binary blend, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions were highly reduced, and carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased relative to diesel. At full load, NOx emission was found to be 51.32% higher than that from diesel and 3.8% lower than that from WCO biodiesel. Engine performance showed that for the binary blend, at full load, the brake-specific fuel consumption was 396.82 g/kWh, which was 15.26% higher, and the brake thermal efficiency was 22.7%, which was 2.74% lower than regular diesel fuel. The present study suggests that the binary blend of J. curcas biodiesel and WCO biodiesel can be a promising approach towards advancements in the fuel properties of biodiesels.
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Venkatesan, Hariram, Joshua Lionel Fernandes, and Seralathan Sivamani. "Effect of nano-enriched emulsified Pongamia biodiesel on combustion, performance and emission parameters of a compression ignition engine." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2019-0070.
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Purpose Compression ignition engines are being used in transportation, agricultural and industrial sectors due to its durability, fuel economy and higher efficiency. This paper aims to present investigation focuses on the utilization of nano additives in emulsified blends of Pongamia biodiesel and its impact on combustion, emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Design/methodology/approach Pongamia biodiesel was produced through two-stage transesterification process. Taguchi method with L9 Design of experiment was adopted to study the stability of fuel blends and 75 per cent diesel, 20 per cent biodiesel, 5 per cent water and 6 per cent of surfactant was found to be stable. Further, aluminum oxide nanoparticle was blended into the emulsified fuel in mass fraction of 100 ppm (D75-BD20-W5-S6-AO100) through ultrasonicating technique. Findings Oleic acid was found to be in prominent proportion in the Pongamia biodiesel. It was observed that D75-BD20-W5-S6 and D75-BD20-W5-S6-AO100 had the ability to produce lower in-cylinder pressure and rate of heat release compared to D100, B100 and D75-BD20 fuel blends. However, a higher rate of pressure rise was noticed in D75-BD20-W5-S6 and D75-BD20-W5-S6-AO100. Lower brake specific fuel consumption and relatively higher brake thermal efficiency were noticed in D75-BD20-W5-S6 and D75-BD20-W5-S6-AO100. Moreover, lower NOx and smoke emission were also observed for nano-emulsified fuel blends. Originality/value Metal-based nano-additive significantly improved the physio-chemical properties of the fuel. Based on the literature, it is understood that emulsified biodiesel blend with nano enrichment using Pongamia biodiesel as base fuel was not carried out. Identifying a stable blend of diesel-biodiesel-water-nano additive using Taguchi’s design of experiments approach was an added value in formulating the test fuels. Furthermore, the formulated test fuel was compared with mineral diesel, biodiesel, and diesel-biodiesel blend to understand its suitability to use as a fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine.
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GOPIDESI, Radha Krishna, and Nageswara Rao GANGOLU. "Assessment of diesel engine characteristics fuelled by Jatropha with tamarind seed oil biodiesel." INCAS BULLETIN 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.1.5.
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The present experimentation is carried out on a diesel engine using biodiesel as a fuel. The combination of lemongrass and tamarind seed methyl ester has replaced the diesel at various percentages. This investigation used three blends of biodiesels i.e. 10% of mixed methyl ester and 90% of pure diesel (B10) similarly B20, and B30. From the obtained results it was observed the enhanced brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for biodiesel blends as compared to the diesel. The blend B20 shows enhanced BTE than other samples, being around 20% higher than the diesel. The biodiesel blends show a reduction in HC and CO emissions and enhancement in CO2 and NOX emissions than the diesel. The highest heat release rate observed for B20 at a crank angle of 355° is 68.77 J/deg.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, Michał Pyrc, and Michał Sobiepański. "Effect of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend on combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics on a direct injection diesel engine." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 591–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160913275j.
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The paper presents results of co-combustion of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol fuel blend in direct injection Diesel engine. Test was performed at constant rotational speed at three commonly used loads of this engine: 100%, 85%, and 70% of load. During the test hydrated ethanol was used at a concentration of 89% of alcohol. In this study, the ethanol fuel was added to diesel-biodiesel fuel blend with concentrations up to 50% with the increment of 5%. The biodiesel was used as an additive to pre-vent the stratification of ethanol and diesel blends. Thermodynamic parameters of engine were analyzed, and combustion process and exhaust emission were characterized. It turned out that with the increase in engine load is possible to utilize larger ethanol fraction in blend. With the increase of ethanol fuel in blend the in-crease in ignition delay (38.5% for full load) was observed, but burning duration decreased (49% for full load). The ethanol fuel share in blend generally causes the increase in NOx emission (42% for full load) due to higher oxygen content and higher in-cylinder temperatures. It turned out that, at full load the unrepeatability of indicated mean effective pressure was near the same up to 50% of ethanol fuel in blend (about 2%). In case of partial load at higher ethanol fuel fraction the in-crease in indicated mean effective pressure un-repeatability was observed.
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Kathirvel, Ravi, and Vijayabalan Palanimuthu. "Assessment of Diesel Engine Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics with Supplementation of Neem Oil Methyl Ester Along With EGR." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 851–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.049.
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Biodiesel generated from a variety of non-edible feedstocks has gained widespread acceptance as a limited diesel fuel alternative in compression ignition engines. For the reliable implementation of biodiesel in commercial sectors, its effect on engine combustion, emission, and performance needs to be examined experimentally. In this study, 10% (N10) and 20 % (N20) Neem oil methyl ester (NME) blends were tested in a direct injection 4-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine incorporated with 5% and 10% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). At maximum load conditions, Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was found highest for N20 by 7.2%, and also Brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) was reduced by 11.4% for N20 as compared to diesel. Meanwhile, the incorporation of EGR deteriorates the performance parameters for the N20 blend. The results of emission analysis showed that oxides of nitrogen (NOx) increased with the addition of biodiesel whereas the addition of EGR diminished the NOx value for both biodiesel blends at all loading conditions. Unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), Carbon monoxide (CO), and smoke emissions decreased by 40.6%, 31.2%, and 29.6% for the N20 blend respectively at full load when compared to diesel. Interestingly, when EGR was provided, CO, UHC, and smoke density values are increased for both N10 and N20 blends at all loading conditions, however lower than diesel operation.
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John, Panneer, and Karuppannan Vadivel. "The effects of ethanol addition with waste pork lard methyl ester on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine." Thermal Science 18, no. 1 (2014): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci121010058j.
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In the recent research, as a result of depletion of world petroleum reserves, considerable attention has been focused on the use of different alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present work aims to ensure the possibility of adding ethanol as an additive with animal fat biodiesel that is tested as an alternative fuel for diesel in a CI engine. In this study, biodiesel is obtained from waste pork lard by base-catalyzed transesterification with methanol when potassium hydroxide as catalyst. 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% by volume of ethanol is blended with neat biodiesel in order to improve performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine. The experimental work is carried out in a 3.7 kW, single cylinder, naturally aspirated, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine for different loads and at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of biodiesel-ethanol blends are investigated by comparing them with neat biodiesel and standard diesel. The experimental test results showed that the combustion and performance characteristics improved with the increase in percentage of ethanol addition with biodiesel. When compared to neat biodiesel and standard diesel, an increase in brake thermal efficiency of 5.8% and 4.1% is obtained for BEB7.5 blend at full load of the engine. With the increase in percentage of ethanol fraction in the blends, peak cylinder pressure and the corresponding heat release rate are increased. Biodiesel-ethanol blends exhibit longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration when compared to neat biodiesel. Optimum reduction in carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbon and smoke emission are attained while using BEB5 blend at full load of the engine. However, there is an adverse effect in case of nitrogen oxide emission.
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Gulbis, Vilnis, and Ruslans Shmigins. "ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF BIODIESEL USE." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 18, 2005): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2005vol1.2129.
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The paper presents a study of biodiesel application and its ecological impacts. Our study is based on the comparison of exhaust emission composition produced by the combustion of rapeseed oil methyl ester (RME) and conventional diesel fuel (DD) and its blends in a direct injection diesel engine XD2P (YTT). The engine was tested in biofuels laboratory of LUA Motor Vehicle Institute. Fueling the engine with biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blend reduced oxides of nitrogen by 17.5% (100RME) and by 5.6% (35RME) and carbon monoxide by 49.8% (100RME) and by 45.3% (35RME). Fueling the engine with biodiesel and different biodiesel/diesel blends reduced the absorption coefficient by 33.9% (5RME), by 44.3% (20RME), by 48.3% (35RME) and by 51.2% (100RME) on free acceleration regime. In these tests soot reduced by 28...76.7% at full opened throttle position with 100RME.
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Mat, Ramli, Wan Nurul Aini Wan Nor Yuhaidi, Mohd Johari Kamaruddin, and Onn Hassan. "Evaluation of Palm Biodiesel - Diesel Blending Properties, Storage Stability and Corrosion Behavior." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.265.
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Palm Biodiesel, which can be produced from transesterification palm oil with methanol, is an alternative fuel for diesel engines. It can be mixed with diesel fuels and used in diesel engines with no or slight modification. Therefore, in this study, commercially available diesel fuel was blended with biodiesel produced from transesterification of palm oil. The stability of the pure palm biodiesel (B100) was investigated over a storage time of 2, 4 and 6 months. The study assessed the corrosion rate of metals exposed to palm biodiesel. The kinematic viscosity, density and flash points of the blends increased with biodiesel amount in the fuel blend. However, pour point of the blends decreased as the amount of biodiesel in the blends is increased. Kinematic viscosity, pour point and flash point slightly increased with storage time. The average corrosion rate for copper is 0.5341 mpy, 0.2438 mpy for aluminium and 0.1802 mpy for mild steel.
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Lamba, Bhawna Yadav, and Wei-Hsin Chen. "Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel Blends with High-Speed Diesels—A Comprehensive Study." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 24, 2022): 7878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217878.
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Biodiesel is a clean-burning, alternative diesel replacement fuel that may be used in existing diesel engines in either pure or blended form without or with modest modifications. In some countries, biodiesel is recommended as a potential alternative to diesel fuel since it is a renewable energy source that is environmentally benign. The main problems with the widespread commercialization of biodiesel are its high viscosity and its limited feedstock, due to which complete replacement of diesel fuel is not possible and the use of blends of biodiesel and petrodiesel are being used increasingly worldwide. The paper presents a behavioral study of the petro-based diesel, and their blend (B20, B40, B60, B80) with Pongamia and Jatropha biodiesel. The results reveal a considerable viscosity lowering due to the dilution effect of increasing diesel concentration in both the cases. In addition, improvements in oxidation stability in both cases have also been observed. The research shows that as the biodiesel concentration increases, the stability of blends decreases. In blending Jatropha curcus methyl ester with EURO-III and EURO-IV HSD, the ester’s viscosity decreased as the diesel level in the blends increased, and blends comprised up to 80 percent biodiesel remained below the viscosity limit. Pongamia pinnata blends with both fuels above 60% diesel; however, exceeds the stipulated viscosity limit of 4.50 cSt at 40 °C.
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Kanth, Surya, Sumita Debbarma, and Biplab Das. "Performance of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Nanoparticle Blended Biodiesel." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.189.
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Efficient use of depleting petroleum fuel and stringent environmental policy drives the researchers to unveil the alternative fuel to run the diesel engines. Biodiesel has come out to be the immediate alternative due to its properties, but the problem of higher NOx emission is still an issue. With the development of nanotechnology, efforts are made to explore the performance of different nanoadditives with diesel-biodiesel blends. In line with this, it is intended to find the performance of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blend (B20) with iron nanoparticle (INP). Tranesterified soapnut oil biodiesel is used in the blend. Results reveal that dosing level of 75 ppm of INP with B20 results in an increase in BTE by 3.2% and reduce SFC by 4% than that of diesel. This may be due to additional surface energy provided by the INP which lead to a reduction of ignition delay and thus the better combustion. While the emission of HC and NOx is found to reduce by 7.3% and 8.5%, respectively.
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Lanjekar, R. D., and D. Deshmukh. "Experimental and numerical investigations on spray characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 171121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171121.
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A comparative experimental and numerical study is conducted to establish the significance of the use of single-component over multi-component representatives of biodiesel, diesel and their blend for predicting spray tip penetration. Methyl oleate and methyl laurate are used as single-component representative fuels for biodiesel. The pure components n -heptane, n -dodecane and n -tetradecane are used as single-component representative fuels for diesel. Methyl laurate is found to represent biodiesel of coconut, whereas methyl oleate is found to represent biodiesel having high percentage of long-chain fatty acid esters. The spray tip penetration of methyl oleate is found to be in good agreement with the measured spray tip penetration of karanja biodiesel. The spray tip penetration prediction of n -heptane fuel is closely following diesel spray tip penetration along with that of n -tetradecane and n -dodecane. The study suggests that the knowledge of the single-component representatives of biodiesel, diesel and their blend is sufficient to predict the spray tip penetration of the corresponding biodiesel, diesel and their blend under non-evaporating environment.