Journal articles: 'Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles'

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Yuan, Xudong, Ling Li, Appu Rathinavelu, Jinsong Hao, Madhusudhanan Narasimhan, Matthew He, Viviene Heitlage, Linda Tam, Sana Viqar, and Mojgan Salehi. "siRNA Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 2821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.436.

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RNA interference (RNAi) is an emerging technology in which the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a diverse range of organisms and cell types causes degradation of the complementary mRNA. It offers a broad spectrum of applications in both biological and medical research. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was recently explored for its therapeutical potential. However, the drug delivery of siRNA oligos is very novel and is in great need of future research. To this end, a biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticle drug carrier system was prepared to load siRNA oligos with desired physicochemical properties. The nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction particle sizer. The delivery of siRNA into the targeted 293T cells was observed using fluorescent-labeled double-stranded Cy3-oligos. The model siRNA oligos, si-GFP-RNA, were also successfully loaded into PLGA nanoparticles and delivered in 293T cells. The gene silencing effect and the inhibition of GFP expression were investigated using fluorescent microscopy. Both positive and negative controls were used to compare with the new siRNA nanoparticle delivery system. It was found that nanoparticles offered both effective delivery of siRNA and prominent GFP gene silencing effect. Compared to conventional carrier systems, the new biodegradable polymeric nanoparticle system may also offer improved formulation stability, which is practically beneficial and may be used in the future clinical studies of siRNA therapeutics.

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Swain, Suryakanta, and Debashish Ghose. "Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: An overview." Indian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijpp.2022.025.

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Athira TR, K Selvaraju, and NL Gowrishankar. "Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles: The novel carrier for controlled release drug delivery system." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0103.

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In the recent decades, polymers are widely used as biomaterials due to their favourable properties such as good biocompatibility, easy design and preparation, structural varieties and interesting bio-mimetic character. The use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) for controlled drug delivery has shown significant therapeutic potential. Concurrently, targeted delivery technologies are becoming increasingly important as a scientific area of investigation. The current review entails an in-depth discussion of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles with respect to types, formulation aspects as well as site-specific drug targeting using various ligands modifying the surface of polymeric nanoparticles with special insights to the field of oncology. Ultimately the goal of polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery is the emergence of a nano-fabricated therapeutic drug release device with the capacity to enough hold and release of various active agents on demand.

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Patil, Vijay, and Asha Patel. "Biodegradable Nanoparticles: A Recent Approach and Applications." Current Drug Targets 21, no. 16 (December 14, 2020): 1722–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200916091659.

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Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) are the novel carriers for the administration of drug molecules. Biodegradable nanoparticles have become popular recently because of their special features such as targeted delivery of drugs, improved bioavailability, and better therapeutic effectiveness to administer the drug at a constant rate. Polymeric NPs are very small-sized polymeric colloidal elements in which a drug of interest may be encapsulated or incorporated in their polymeric network or conjugated or adsorbed on the layer. Various polymers are employed in the manufacturing of nanoparticles, some of the frequently employed polymers are agents, chitosan, cellulose, gelatin, gliadin, polylactic acid, polylactic-co-glycolic acid, and pullulan. Nanoparticles have been progressively explored for the delivery of targeted ARVs to cells of HIV-infected and have performed the prolonged kinetic release. Drug embedded in this system can give better effectiveness, diminished resistance of drugs, reduction in systemic toxicity and symptoms, and also enhanced patient compliance. The present review highlights the frequently employed manufacturing methods for biodegradable nanoparticles, various polymers used, and its application in anti-retroviral therapy. Also, common evaluation parameters to check the purity of nanoparticles, ongoing and recently concluded clinical trials and patents filled by the various researchers, and the future implication of biodegradable NPs in an innovative drug delivery system are described. The biodegradable NPs are promising systems for the administration of a broad variety of drugs including anti-retroviral drugs, and hence biodegradable nanoparticles can be employed in the future for the treatment of several diseases and disorders.

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Karlsson, Johan, Hannah J. Vaughan, and Jordan J. Green. "Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Cancer Treatments." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084055.

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Polymeric nanoparticles have tremendous potential to improve the efficacy of therapeutic cancer treatments by facilitating targeted delivery to a desired site. The physical and chemical properties of polymers can be tuned to accomplish delivery across the multiple biological barriers required to reach diverse subsets of cells. The use of biodegradable polymers as nanocarriers is especially attractive, as these materials can be designed to break down in physiological conditions and engineered to exhibit triggered functionality when at a particular location or activated by an external source. We present how biodegradable polymers can be engineered as drug delivery systems to target the tumor microenvironment in multiple ways. These nanomedicines can target cancer cells directly, the blood vessels that supply the nutrients and oxygen that support tumor growth, and immune cells to promote anticancer immunotherapy.

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Guzman, Luis A., Vinod Labhasetwar, Cunxian Song, Yangsoo Jang, A. Michael Lincoff, Robert Levy, and Eric J. Topol. "Local Intraluminal Infusion of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles." Circulation 94, no. 6 (September 15, 1996): 1441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.94.6.1441.

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Soppimath, Kumaresh S., Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Anandrao R. Kulkarni, and Walter E. Rudzinski. "Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery devices." Journal of Controlled Release 70, no. 1-2 (January 2001): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00339-4.

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GOMEZGAETE, C., N. TSAPIS, M. BESNARD, A. BOCHOT, and E. FATTAL. "Encapsulation of dexamethasone into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 331, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.11.028.

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Kumari, Avnesh, Sudesh Kumar Yadav, and Subhash C. Yadav. "Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 75, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.001.

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Leimann, Fernanda Vitória, Maiara Heloisa Biz, Karine Cristine Kaufmann, Wallace José Maia, Odinei Hess Honçalves, Lucio Cardozo Filho, Claudia Sayer, and Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araújo. "Characterization of progesterone loaded biodegradable blend polymeric nanoparticles." Ciência Rural 45, no. 11 (November 2015): 2082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141288.

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ABSTRACT: The encapsulation of progesterone in poly (hydroxybutirate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanoparticles and PHBV/PCL and PHBV/PLLA blend nanoparticles was investigated in this research. Nanoparticles were produced by miniemulsion/solvent evaporation technique with lecithin as surfactant and were characterized regarding to z-average diameter (Dz) and polydispersity (PDI), progesterone recovery yield and encapsulation efficiency. Possible interactions between progesterone and the polymer matrices were investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). High recoveries (up to 102.43±1.80% for the PHBV/PLLA blend) and encapsulation efficiencies (up to 99.53±0.04% for PCL) were achieved and the nanoparticles presented narrow size distribution (0.12±0.03 for PLLA). PCL nanoparticles (217.5±2.12nm) presented significant difference with the Dz from all the other formulations (P<0.05). The most evident interaction between progesterone and the nanoparticles polymeric matrix was found to PHBV/PCL due to the increase in the intensity of the band located in 1631 cm-1.

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Singh, Gurpreet, Abdul Faruk, and Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi. "Technology Overview and Current Biomedical Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2015.

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Polymeric nanoparticle are of great importance in the treatment of various diseases, due to the flexibility in the modification of their structures. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology facilitate the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. All the scientific efforts of the pharmaceuticals companies are mainly focusing on two basic aspects, one is to discover new molecules of potential therapeutic interest and second is to develop of a new drug delivery system. In the last few decades, research and development (R&D) scientists has directed their efforts toward formulating novel drug delivery systems that includes sustained and controlled release, modified release and targeted drug release dosage forms. Application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened several new possibilities in development of formulation This review compiles the different preparation methods of polymeric nanoparticles and then briefly explained their current potential applications. Keywords: Polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA, Biomedical applications, Biodegradable, Dialysis method

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Niza, Enrique, Alberto Ocaña, José Antonio Castro-Osma, Iván Bravo, and Carlos Alonso-Moreno. "Polyester Polymeric Nanoparticles as Platforms in the Development of Novel Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment." Cancers 13, no. 14 (July 6, 2021): 3387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13143387.

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Many therapeutic agents have failed in their clinical development, due to the toxic effects associated with non-transformed tissues. In this context, nanotechnology has been exploited to overcome such limitations, and also improve navigation across biological barriers. Amongst the many materials used in nanomedicine, with promising properties as therapeutic carriers, the following one stands out: biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Polymeric nanoparticles are ideal candidates for drug delivery, given the versatility of raw materials and their feasibility in large-scale production. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles show great potential for easy surface modifications to optimize pharmacokinetics, including the half-life in circulation and targeted tissue delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of the current applications of polymeric nanoparticles as platforms in the development of novel nanomedicines for cancer treatment. In particular, we will focus on the raw materials that are widely used for polymeric nanoparticle generation, current methods for formulation, mechanism of action, and clinical investigations.

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Nanjwade, Basavaraj K., Jeet Singh, Kemy A. Parikh, and F. V. Manvi. "Preparation and evaluation of carboplatin biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 385, no. 1-2 (January 2010): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.10.030.

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Shaji, Jessy, and Monika Kumbhar. "Linezolid Loaded Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles Formulation and Characterization." Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Technology 10, no. 4 (2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-4377.2018.00040.x.

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Szczęch, Marta, and Krzysztof Szczepanowicz. "Polymeric Core-Shell Nanoparticles Prepared by Spontaneous Emulsification Solvent Evaporation and Functionalized by the Layer-by-Layer Method." Nanomaterials 10, no. 3 (March 10, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10030496.

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The aim of our study was to develop a novel method for the preparation of polymeric core-shell nanoparticles loaded with various actives for biomedical applications. Poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were prepared using the spontaneous emulsification solvent evaporation (SESE) method. The model active substance, Coumarin-6, was encapsulated into formed polymeric nanoparticles, then they were modified/functionalized by multilayer shells’ formation. Three types of multilayered shells were formed: two types of polyelectrolyte shell composed of biocompatible and biodegradable polyelectrolytes poly-L-lysine hydrobromide (PLL), fluorescently-labeled poly-L-lysine (PLL-ROD), poly-L-glutamic acid sodium salt (PGA) and pegylated-PGA (PGA-g-PEG), and hybrid shell composed of PLL, PGA, and SPIONs (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) were used. Multilayer shells were constructed by the saturation technique of the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. Properties of our polymeric core-shell nanoparticle were optimized for bioimaging, passive and magnetic targeting.

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Esteruelas, Gerard, Eliana B. Souto, Marta Espina, María Luisa García, Marta Świtalska, Joanna Wietrzyk, Anna Gliszczyńska, and Elena Sánchez-López. "Diclofenac Loaded Biodegradable Nanoparticles as Antitumoral and Antiangiogenic Therapy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010102.

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Cancer is identified as one of the main causes of death worldwide, and an effective treatment that can reduce/eliminate serious adverse effects is still an unmet medical need. Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has demonstrated promising antitumoral properties. However, the prolonged use of this NSAID poses several adverse effects. These can be overcome by the use of suitable delivery systems that are able to provide a controlled delivery of the payload. In this study, Diclofenac was incorporated into biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based on PLGA and the formulation was optimized using a factorial design approach. A monodisperse nanoparticle population was obtained with a mean size of ca. 150 nm and negative surface charge. The release profile of diclofenac from the optimal formulation followed a prolonged release kinetics. Diclofenac nanoparticles demonstrated antitumoral and antiangiogenic properties without causing cytotoxicity to non-tumoral cells, and can be pointed out as a safe, promising and innovative nanoparticle-based formulation with potential antitumoral effects.

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C, Senthil Kumar, and S. Mohan. "Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of hepatoprotective activity drug loaded flavono nanoparticle delivery system." Journal of Phytopharmacology 4, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2015.4206.

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The liver is the second largest organ is tied to almost all the bodily processes as it is responsible for filtration and biotransformation of all incoming chemicals and fluids. Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excessive intake of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Hepatotoxicity due to drug appears to be a common contributing factor. Medicinal plants are significant sources of hepatoprotective drugs and more widely used than allopathic drugs as hepatoprotective because these are usually inexpensive, better cultural acceptability, improved compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects. Flavonoids are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom and several Flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, silymarin reported for their hepatoprotective activities. Nanoparticles are the submicron size particles diameter of around 200nm made up of biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. One of the important applications of nanoparticles in medicine includes effective drug delivery system. Hence the aim of the study is to prepare single loaded Flavono polymeric nanoparticles and compare its hepatoprotective efficacy with pure drug. Flavono polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by solid dispersion method using Eutragit 100 and Sodium lauryl sulfate as a carrier and resultant nanoparticles was used for further characterization. In-vivo hepatoprotective efficacy testing was performed by ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rat model evaluate the efficacy of prepared Single loaded Quercetin, Rutin and Silibinin polymeric nanoparticles in comparison with pure compound.Nanoformulation significantly elevated liver biomarker (SGPT,SGOT,ALT,ASP).The study concluded nanoparticle-assisted formulation significantly enhanced the solubility in turn it improve bioavailability in survival even toxin-induced hepatic damaged cells.

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Zaheer, Zoya, Elham Shafik Aazam, and Shokit Hussain. "Reversible encapsulation of silver nanoparticles into the helix of amylose (water soluble starch)." RSC Advances 6, no. 65 (2016): 60513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra09319a.

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Ahlawat, Jyoti, Gabriela Henriquez, and Mahesh Narayan. "Enhancing the Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: Role of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles." Molecules 23, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092157.

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While pharmaceutical drugs have revolutionized human life, there are several features that limit their full potential. This review draws attention to some of the obstacles currently facing the use of chemotherapeutic drugs including low solubility, poor bioavailability and high drug dose. Overcoming these issues will further enhance the applicability and potential of current drugs. An emerging technology that is geared towards improving overall therapeutic efficiency resides in drug delivery systems including the use of polymeric nanoparticles which have found widespread use in cancer therapeutics. These polymeric nanoparticles can provide targeted drug delivery, increase the circulation time in the body, reduce the therapeutic indices with minimal side-effects, and accumulate in cells without activating the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). Given the inroads made in the field of nanodelivery systems for pharmaceutical applications, it is of interest to review and emphasize the importance of Polymeric nanocarrier system for drug delivery in chemotherapy.

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S. Pragati, S. Kuldeep, S. Ashok, and M. Satheesh. "Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Promising Drug Delivery Technology." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2009): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2009.2.2.3.

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One of the situations in the treatment of disease is the delivery of efficacious medication of appropriate concentration to the site of action in a controlled and continual manner. Nanoparticle represents an important particulate carrier system, developed accordingly. Nanoparticles are solid colloidal particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and composed of macromolecular material. Nanoparticles could be polymeric or lipidic (SLNs). Industry estimates suggest that approximately 40% of lipophilic drug candidates fail due to solubility and formulation stability issues, prompting significant research activity in advanced lipophile delivery technologies. Solid lipid nanoparticle technology represents a promising new approach to lipophile drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are important advancement in this area. The bioacceptable and biodegradable nature of SLNs makes them less toxic as compared to polymeric nanoparticles. Supplemented with small size which prolongs the circulation time in blood, feasible scale up for large scale production and absence of burst effect makes them interesting candidates for study. In this present review this new approach is discussed in terms of their preparation, advantages, characterization and special features.

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Barthel, Anne-Kathrin, Martin Dass, Melanie Dröge, Jens-Michael Cramer, Daniela Baumann, Markus Urban, Katharina Landfester, Volker Mailänder, and Ingo Lieberwirth. "Imaging the intracellular degradation of biodegradable polymer nanoparticles." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 5 (October 29, 2014): 1905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.5.201.

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In recent years, the development of smart drug delivery systems based on biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles has become of great interest. Drug-loaded nanoparticles can be introduced into the cell interior via endocytotic processes followed by the slow release of the drug due to degradation of the nanoparticle. In this work, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was chosen as the biodegradable polymer. Although common degradation of PLLA has been studied in various biological environments, intracellular degradation processes have been examined only to a very limited extent. PLLA nanoparticles with an average diameter of approximately 120 nm were decorated with magnetite nanocrystals and introduced into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The release of the magnetite particles from the surface of the PLLA nanoparticles during the intracellular residence was monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) over a period of 14 days. It was demonstrated by the release of the magnetite nanocrystals from the PLLA surface that the PLLA nanoparticles do in fact undergo degradation within the cell. Furthermore, even after 14 days of residence, the PLLA nanoparticles were found in the MSCs. Additionally, the ultrastructural TEM examinations yield insight into the long term intercellular fate of these nanoparticles. From the statistical analysis of ultrastructural details (e.g., number of detached magnetite crystals, and the number of nanoparticles in one endosome), we demonstrate the importance of TEM studies for such applications in addition to fluorescence studies (flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy).

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Zhao, Kai, Dan Li, Ci Shi, Xueling Ma, Guangu Rong, Hong Kang, Xiaohua Wang, and Bin Sun. "Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles as the Delivery Carrier for Drug." Current Drug Delivery 13, no. 4 (May 21, 2016): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/156720181304160521004609.

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Chorny, Michael, Boris Polyak, Ivan S. Alferiev, Kenneth Walsh, Gary Friedman, and Robert J. Levy. "Magnetically driven plasmid DNA delivery with biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles." FASEB Journal 21, no. 10 (April 2, 2007): 2510–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-8070com.

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Kim, Hwan D., Jungha Park, Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam, R. Jayakumar, and Nathaniel S. Hwang. "Bioinspired inorganic nanoparticles and vascular factor microenvironment directed neo-bone formation." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 9 (2020): 2627–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm00041h.

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Phan, V. H. Giang, Eunhye Lee, Jin Hee Maeng, Thavasyappan Thambi, Bong Sup Kim, Donheang Lee, and Doo Sung Lee. "Pancreatic cancer therapy using an injectable nanobiohybrid hydrogel." RSC Advances 6, no. 47 (2016): 41644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07934b.

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Nanobiohybrid hydrogels, composed of biocompatible inorganic nanoparticles and biodegradable polymeric hydrogels, have been developed as the sustained delivery carrier of gemcitabine for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

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Das, Archana M., Raju Khan, Manash P. Hazarika, Debjani Baruah, and Purnajyoti D. Bhuyan. "One-pot synthesis of chitosan–dehydropregnenolone acetate ketimine nanoparticles and their antifungal bioevaluation." RSC Advances 5, no. 13 (2015): 10065–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra16093b.

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This paper presents a new method for fabricating biodegradable bio-polymeric nanoparticles via a convenient one-pot strategy at room temperature under stirring conditions for application to communicable diseases.

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Pontes, Adriano P., Tim J. M. Welting, Jaap Rip, and Laura B. Creemers. "Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Osteoarthritis." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14122639.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disorder affecting the whole synovial joint and globally impacts more than one in five individuals aged 40 and over, representing a huge socioeconomic burden. Drug penetration into and retention within the joints are major challenges in the development of regenerative therapies for OA. During the recent years, polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) have emerged as promising drug carrier candidates due to their biodegradable properties, nanoscale structure, functional versatility, and reproducible manufacturing, which makes them particularly attractive for cartilage penetration and joint retention. In this review, we discuss the current development state of natural and synthetic PNPs for drug delivery and OA treatment. Evidence from in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo studies is used to show how disease pathology and key cellular pathways of joint inflammation are modulated by these nanoparticle-based therapies. Furthermore, we compare the biodegradability and surface modification of these nanocarriers in relation to the drug release profile and tissue targeting. Finally, the main challenges for nanoparticle delivery to the cartilage are discussed, as a function of disease state and physicochemical properties of PNPs such as size and surface charge.

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Bandyopadhyay, Arunima, Linda Bockenstedt, and Tarek fahmy. "Modulation of immune response by varying ligand density on the surface of nanoparticles (42.22)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 42.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.42.22.

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Abstract Targeting antigen presenting cells with biodegradable nanoparticles provides an excellent opportunity for the development of vaccines. Polymeric nanoparticles with entrapped antigens serve as an excellent platform for controlled release of antigens. Immune response can be optimized and enhanced by selectively targeting the antigen loaded nanoparticles to dendritic cells. Here we report our findings using the PLGA nanoparticulate system to target DCs by targeting their surface receptor DEC205. These nanoparticles encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin and are surface modified with anti DEC205 at different ligand densities. Our studies demonstrate that targeting bone marrow derived DCs using different modifications of nanoparticles but targeting the same receptor lead to altered T cell responses. These studies have implications in designing a novel nanoparticle based vaccine delivery system.

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Pavaloiu, Ramona-Daniela, Fawzia Sha’at, Cristina Hlevca, Mousa Sha’at, Claudia Sevcenco, Maria Petrescu, Mihaela Eremia, and Mișu Moscovici. "Preliminary Evaluation of Pullulan Nanoparticles Loaded with Valsartan." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08428.

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The objective of this paper is to develop polymeric nanoparticles loaded with a cardiovascular drug (an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan). Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared via the nanoprecipitation method using pullulan acetate as biodegradable polymeric matrix and Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. Pullulan acetate was obtained through the chemical modification of pullulan (produced through a fermentation process using the Aureobasidium pullulans strain) with dimethylformamide, pyridine and acetic anhydride. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized in terms of entrapment efficiency, size, and polydispersity index using spectrophotometric and dynamic light scattering techniques. The valsartan-loaded nanoparticles showed a good entrapment efficiency of valsartan, nanometric sizes (lower than 200 nm), and a narrow dispersity (polydispersity index below 0.2). This research revealed that pullulan and pullulan derivatives show great potential for the production of nanoparticles, with potential application in the delivery of cardiovascular agents.

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Pavaloiu, Ramona-Daniela, Fawzia Sha’At, Mousa Sha’At, and Gheorghe Nechifor. "Intracellular Uptake Study of Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded with Cardiovascular Drugs Using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08427.

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CSLM) is a powerful microscopic tool that gives valuable morphological and functional information within cells and tissues. CLSM is non-invasive, with high-contrast scanning, a simple and fast sample preparation procedure as well as easy operation. This paper aimed to study the intracellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cardiovascular drugs using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared via nanoprecipitation method using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a biodegradable polymeric matrix and Pluronic F127 as a stabilizer. A mixture of two cardiovascular drugs—valsartan (an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug) and amlodipine besylate (a calcium channel blocker)—was loaded in polymeric nanoparticles. The prepared polymeric nanoparticles had sizes lower than 300 nm and narrow dispersity. The cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles was investigated by incubating adherent mouse embryo fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) with a suspension of nanoparticles (stained previously with phthalocyanine) at three different time points. Targeted cell compartments were labeled with two fluorophores: Rhodamine B (membrane stain) and Hoechst (nucleic acid stain). Live cell imaging was performed using a confocal microscope Zeiss LSM710 with Zeiss PALM microdissection system. The intracellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy for each incubation time. The results suggest a possible mechanism of endocytosis and clearly a vesicular-based accumulation of the nanoparticles in the cytoplasmatic compartments.

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Kaushik, Ajinder, and Hemant Kumar Sharma. "IN-VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES OF CETUXIMAB LOADED POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 15, 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1941.

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Nanoparticles speak to one of the appealing choices in the compelling treatment of tumor chemo-treatment. In the present work, definition and improvement of a novel Cetuximab (MTX)- stacked biodegradable nanoparticles utilizing poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) was done. The arranged nanoparticles were assessed for physicochemical properties, for example, molecule measure, zeta potential, discharge thinks about, and so forth. Molecule size of upgraded definition was < 200 nm. Our essential outcomes exhibit that the created Cetuximab-stacked PLGA nanoparticles discharging the medication for delayed timeframe. Keywords: Cetuximab; PLGA 50:50; nanoparticles

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Gutjahr, Alice, Capucine Phelip, Anne-Line Coolen, Claire Monge, Anne-Sophie Boisgard, Stéphane Paul, and Bernard Verrier. "Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-Based Vaccine Adjuvants for Lymph Nodes Targeting." Vaccines 4, no. 4 (October 12, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines4040034.

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Taratula, Olena, Bhuvana S. Doddapaneni, Canan Schumann, Xiaoning Li, Shay Bracha, Milan Milovancev, Adam W. G. Alani, and Oleh Taratula. "Naphthalocyanine-Based Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Image-Guided Combinatorial Phototherapy." Chemistry of Materials 27, no. 17 (August 21, 2015): 6155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b03128.

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Egusquiaguirre, Susana P., Nicolas Beziere, José Luís Pedraz, Rosa M. Hernández, Vasilis Ntziachristos, and Manuela Igartua. "Optoacoustic imaging enabled biodistribution study of cationic polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2015): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmmi.1644.

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Acevedo-Villanueva, Keila Y., Gabriel O. Akerele, Walid Ghazi Al Hakeem, Sankar Renu, Revathi Shanmugasundaram, and Ramesh K. Selvaraj. "A Novel Approach against Salmonella: A Review of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Broilers and Layers." Vaccines 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091041.

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This work discusses the present-day limitations of current commercial Salmonella vaccines for broilers and layers and explores a novel approach towards poultry vaccination using biodegradable nanoparticle vaccines against Salmonella. With the increasing global population and poultry production and consumption, Salmonella is a potential health risk for humans. The oral administration of killed or inactivated vaccines would provide a better alternative to the currently commercially available Salmonella vaccines for poultry. However, there are currently no commercial oral killed-vaccines against Salmonella for use in broilers or layers. There is a need for novel and effective interventions in the poultry industry. Polymeric nanoparticles could give way to an effective mass-administered mucosal vaccination method for Salmonella. The scope of this work is limited to polymeric nanoparticles against Salmonella for use in broilers and layers. This review is based on the information available at the time of the investigation.

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Maldonado, Roberto A., Robert A. LaMothe, Joseph D. Ferrari, Ai-Hong Zhang, Robert J. Rossi, Pallavi N. Kolte, Aaron P. Griset, et al. "Polymeric synthetic nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 2 (December 29, 2014): E156—E165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1408686111.

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Current treatments to control pathological or unwanted immune responses often use broadly immunosuppressive drugs. New approaches to induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance that control both cellular and humoral immune responses are desirable. Here we describe the use of synthetic, biodegradable nanoparticles carrying either protein or peptide antigens and a tolerogenic immunomodulator, rapamycin, to induce durable and antigen-specific immune tolerance, even in the presence of potent Toll-like receptor agonists. Treatment with tolerogenic nanoparticles results in the inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, an increase in regulatory cells, durable B-cell tolerance resistant to multiple immunogenic challenges, and the inhibition of antigen-specific hypersensitivity reactions, relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and antibody responses against coagulation factor VIII in hemophilia A mice, even in animals previously sensitized to antigen. Only encapsulated rapamycin, not the free form, could induce immunological tolerance. Tolerogenic nanoparticle therapy represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of allergies, autoimmune diseases, and prevention of antidrug antibodies against biologic therapies.

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Othman, R., G. K. Mun, N. Sinnathamby, S. C. B. Gopinanth, and E. Ekanem. "Compatible organic and natural solvent mixture of synthesising biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012028.

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Abstract The Flory-Huggins model interaction explained the compatibility and extent of polymer dissolution in selected solvent mixtures via Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP). Metastable zone where nucleation of NPs would start was determined by the solvent mixture – polymer – water interaction. Simulation results explained that the combination of acetone-chloroform (0.20:0.80) was better than acetone-ethyl lactate (0.40:0.60) for PCL solvation while ethyl lactate-dimethyl sulfoxide (0.60:0.40) was better for PLA solvation as compared to ethyl lactate-acetone (0.80:0.20). Nanoprecipitation with aqueous to organic volume ratio of 10 was used to prepare the biodegradable PCL nanoparticles for experimental validation. The organic phase was 1 g L−1 PCL in solvents or solvent mixtures and the antisolvent was deionized (DI) water. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) were used to examine the morphology and size of nanoparticles formed. Results showed that the acetone-chloroform with volume fraction of 0.20 to 0.80 was the best solvent mixture for PCL in producing NPs with the mean size less than 100 nm. Solvent mixture proved by numerical simulation and experimental validation, able to enhance the affinity of polymer (PCL or PLA) for water to produce nanoparticles with much smaller size.

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Manek, Eniko, Ferenc Darvas, and Georg A. Petroianu. "Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 4866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204866.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 24 million people worldwide and represents an immense medical, social and economic burden. While a vast array of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is available for the prevention and possibly treatment of AD, applicability is limited by the selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as by their severe peripheral side effects. A promising solution to these problems is the incorporation of anti-Alzheimer drugs in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). However, while several polymeric NPs are nontoxic and biocompatible, many of them are not biodegradable and thus not appropriate for CNS-targeting. Among polymeric nanocarriers, chitosan-based NPs emerge as biodegradable yet stable vehicles for the delivery of CNS medications. Furthermore, due to their mucoadhesive character and intrinsic bioactivity, chitosan NPs can not only promote brain penetration of drugs via the olfactory route, but also act as anti-Alzheimer therapeutics themselves. Here we review how chitosan-based NPs could be used to address current challenges in the treatment of AD; with a specific focus on the enhancement of blood-brain barrier penetration of anti-Alzheimer drugs and on the reduction of their peripheral side effects.

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Rao, Monica RP, Ashwini Sonawane, Sharwari Sapate, and Kshitija Abhang. "Exploring Recent Advances in Nanotherapeutics." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 5-s (October 15, 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i5-s.4484.

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Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field, encompassing the development of materials in a size range of 5-200 nanometers (nm). The applications of nanotechnology to drug delivery opened the floodgates to create novel therapeutics and diagnostics which have changed the landscape of pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Advances in nanotechnology are being utilized in medicine for therapeutic drug delivery and treatment of various diseases and disorders. The biodegradable nanoparticle/nanocarriers, in which drug is dissolved and entrapped are specially designed to absorb the drug and to protect it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. The important role to design these nanostructures as a delivery system is to release pharmacologically active molecules for site-specific action with an accurate dose. In recent times, several biodegradable polymeric nanostructures have been developed with an innate capacity to target specific organs/tissue to deliver the drug. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems use polymers or lipids as carriers for drugs. Newer polymers engineered to achieve temporal and spatial drug delivery form the mainstay of these systems. In nanotechnology, being tiny molecules of immunotherapeutic have many advantages over biological drugs regarding complexity, tissue penetration, manufacturing cost, stability and shelf life, which is one of dominating therapy in the current research field. The present review gives details about the recent developments of nanostructure drug delivery systems and their applications. Keywords: liposomes, polymeric micelles, gold nanoparticles, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, aptamers, quantum dots.

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Essa, Marwa Labib, Maged Abdeltawab El-Kemary, Eman Mohammed Ebrahem Saied, Stefano Leporatti, and Nemany Abdelhamid Nemany Hanafy. "Nano targeted Therapies Made of Lipids and Polymers have Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 5397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235397.

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The introduction of nanoparticles made of polymers, protein, and lipids as drug delivery systems has led to significant progress in modern medicine. Since the application of nanoparticles in medicine involves the use of biodegradable, nanosized materials to deliver a certain amount of chemotherapeutic agents into a tumor site, this leads to the accumulation of these nanoencapsulated agents in the right region. This strategy minimizes the stress and toxicity generated by chemotherapeutic agents on healthy cells. Therefore, encapsulating chemotherapeutic agents have less cytotoxicity than non-encapsulation ones. The purpose of this review is to address how nanoparticles made of polymers and lipids can successfully be delivered into lung cancer tumors. Lung cancer types and their anatomies are first introduced to provide an overview of the general lung cancer structure. Then, the rationale and strategy applied for the use of nanoparticle biotechnology in cancer therapies are discussed, focusing on pulmonary drug delivery systems made from liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Many nanoparticles fabricated in the shape of liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles are summarized in our review, with a focus on the encapsulated chemotherapeutic molecules, ligand–receptor attachments, and their targets. Afterwards, we highlight the nanoparticles that have demonstrated promising results and have been delivered into clinical trials. Recent clinical trials that were done for successful nanoparticles are summarized in our review.

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Freire, Nathália, Raquel de Melo Barbosa, Fátima García-Villén, César Viseras, Luana Perioli, Rosana Fialho, and Elaine Albuquerque. "Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Formulating Vegetable Oil-Based Nanoparticles for Anticancer Medicine." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 7 (July 8, 2023): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071908.

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The development of green synthesized polymeric nanoparticles with anticancer studies has been an emerging field in academia and the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Vegetable oils are potential substitutes for petroleum derivatives, as they present a clean and environmentally friendly alternative and are available in abundance at relatively low prices. Biomass-derived chemicals can be converted into monomers with a unique structure, generating materials with new properties for the synthesis of sustainable monomers and polymers. The production of bio-based polymeric nanoparticles is a promising application of green chemistry for biomedical uses. There is an increasing demand for biocompatible and biodegradable materials for specific applications in the biomedical area, such as cancer therapy. This is encouraging scientists to work on research toward designing polymers with enhanced properties and clean processes, containing oncology active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The nanoencapsulation of these APIs in bio-based polymeric nanoparticles can control the release of the substances, increase bioavailability, reduce problems of volatility and degradation, reduce side effects, and increase treatment efficiency. This review discusses the use of green chemistry for bio-based nanoparticle production and its application in anticancer medicine. The use of castor oil for the production of renewable monomers and polymers is proposed as an ideal candidate for such applications, as well as more suitable methods for the production of bio-based nanoparticles and some oncology APIs available for anticancer application.

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Vodyashkin, Andrey A., Parfait Kezimana, Alexandre A. Vetcher, and Yaroslav M. Stanishevskiy. "Biopolymeric Nanoparticles–Multifunctional Materials of the Future." Polymers 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 2287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112287.

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Nanotechnology plays an important role in biological research, especially in the development of delivery systems with lower toxicity and greater efficiency. These include not only metallic nanoparticles, but also biopolymeric nanoparticles. Biopolymeric nanoparticles (BPNs) are mainly developed for their provision of several advantages, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and minimal toxicity, in addition to the general advantages of nanoparticles. Therefore, given that biopolymers are biodegradable, natural, and environmentally friendly, they have attracted great attention due to their multiple applications in biomedicine, such as drug delivery, antibacterial activity, etc. This review on biopolymeric nanoparticles highlights their various synthesis methods, such as the ionic gelation method, nanoprecipitation method, and microemulsion method. In addition, the review also covers the applications of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in different areas—especially in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and agricultural domains. In conclusion, the present review highlights recent advances in the synthesis and applications of biopolymeric nanoparticles and presents both fundamental and applied aspects that can be used for further development in the field of biopolymeric nanoparticles.

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Neha, Bhatt, Bhatt Ganesh, and Kothiyal Preeti. "Drug Delivery to The Brain Using Polymeric Nanoparticles: A Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 2, no. 3 (June 24, 2013): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15457.

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Nanoparticle drug carriers consist of solid biodegradable particles in size ranging from 10 to 1000 nm (50300 nm generally). The use of minute particles as drug carriers for targeted treatment has been studied over a long period of time. A selective accumulation of active substances in target tissues has been demonstrated for certain so-called nanocarrier systems that are administered bound to pharmaceutical drugs. Great expectations are placed on nanocarrier systems that can overcome natural barriers such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and transport the medication directly to the desired tissue and thus heal neurological diseases that were formerly incurable. Polymeric Nanoparticle have been shown to be promising carriers for CNS drug delivery due to their potential both in encapsulating drugs, hence protecting them from excretion and metabolism, and in delivering active agents across the blood brain barrier without inflicting any damage to the barrier. Different polymers have been used and different strategies like surface modification have been done to increase the retention time of nanoparticles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i3.15457 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.2(3) 2013: 107-132

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Traore, Yannick L., Miral Fumakia, Jijin Gu, and Emmanuel A. Ho. "Dynamic mechanical behaviour of nanoparticle loaded biodegradable PVA films for vaginal drug delivery." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 32, no. 8 (November 6, 2017): 1119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328217739451.

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In this study, we investigated the viscoelastic and mechanical behaviour of polyvinyl alcohol films formulated along with carrageenan, plasticizing agents (polyethylene glycol and glycerol), and when loaded with nanoparticles as a model for potential applications as microbicides. The storage modulus, loss modulus and glass transition temperature were determined using a dynamic mechanical analyzer. Films fabricated from 2% to 5% polyvinyl alcohol containing 3 mg or 5 mg of fluorescently labeled nanoparticles were evaluated. The storage modulus and loss modulus values of blank films were shown to be higher than the nanoparticle-loaded films. Glass transition temperature determined using the storage modulus, and loss modulus was between 40–50℃ and 35–40℃, respectively. The tensile properties evaluated showed that 2% polyvinyl alcohol films were more elastic but less resistant to breaking compared to 5% polyvinyl alcohol films (2% films break around 1 N load and 5% films break around 7 N load). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the influence of nanoparticle and film composition on the physico-mechanical properties of polymeric films for vaginal drug delivery.

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Loganathan, Nandhakumar, and Mohan Sellappan. "Designing of nanosized bioflavonoids using biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles by Plackett Burman method." International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 6, no. 2 (January 15, 2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v6i2.31133.

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In this present study, dual loaded flavono nanoparticulate systems have been developed for oral delivery of Naringin and Hesperidin to enhance its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. The fabrication of Dual Loaded Flavono Nanoparticles by suitable method was optimized by Plackett Burman method. Optimization of the formulation requires proper designing of the experiments. For this reason, only in our current study, the placket burman method has been projected for the formulation of nanoparticles biodegradable polymers encompass bioflavonoid isolates for the antidiabetic activity. Ten critical parameters influencing the formulation has been selected and designed in Plackett Burman method of experimentation for 12 runs to assess independent variables influencing the result outcome. The results revealed that the 9th run shows the optimum particle size of 126.1 nm with zeta potential of 29.9 mV. Remarkably significant nanoparticles were obtained by exploiting the Plackett Burman method as designing tool.Loganathan and Sellappan, International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, January 2017, 6(2): 9-15http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol6Issue2/01.pdf

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Stainmesse, S., A. M. Orecchioni, E. Nakache, F. Puisieux, and H. Fessi. "Formation and stabilization of a biodegradable polymeric colloidal suspension of nanoparticles." Colloid & Polymer Science 273, no. 5 (May 1995): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00656896.

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Shah, Lipa K., and Mansoor M. Amiji. "Intracellular Delivery of Saquinavir in Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for HIV/AIDS." Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 11 (September 13, 2006): 2638–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-006-9101-7.

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Ethirajan, Anitha, Anna Musyanovych, Andrey Chuvilin, and Katharina Landfester. "Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles as Templates for Biomimetic Mineralization of Calcium Phosphate." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 212, no. 9 (February 17, 2011): 915–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.201000694.

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Ben-Akiva, Elana, Randall A. Meyer, Hongzhe Yu, Jonathan T. Smith, Drew M. Pardoll, and Jordan J. Green. "Biomimetic anisotropic polymeric nanoparticles coated with red blood cell membranes for enhanced circulation and toxin removal." Science Advances 6, no. 16 (April 2020): eaay9035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay9035.

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The design of next-generation nanobiomaterials requires precise engineering of both physical properties of the core material and chemical properties of the material’s surface to meet a biological function. A bio-inspired modular and versatile technology was developed to allow biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles to circulate through the blood for extended periods of time while also acting as a detoxification device. To mimic red blood cells, physical and chemical biomimicry are combined to enhance the biological function of nanomaterials in vitro and in vivo. The anisotropic shape and membrane coating synergize to resist cellular uptake and reduce clearance from the blood. This approach enhances the detoxification properties of nanoparticles, markedly improving survival in a mouse model of sepsis. The anisotropic membrane-coated nanoparticles have enhanced biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy. These biomimetic biodegradable nanodevices and their derivatives have promise for applications ranging from detoxification agents, to drug delivery vehicles, and to biological sensors.

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Paltanea, Gheorghe, Veronica Manescu (Paltanea), Iulian Antoniac, Aurora Antoniac, Iosif Vasile Nemoianu, Alina Robu, and Horatiu Dura. "A Review of Biomimetic and Biodegradable Magnetic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering and Oncology." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 4312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054312.

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Bone defects characterized by limited regenerative properties are considered a priority in surgical practice, as they are associated with reduced quality of life and high costs. In bone tissue engineering, different types of scaffolds are used. These implants represent structures with well-established properties that play an important role as delivery vectors or cellular systems for cells, growth factors, bioactive molecules, chemical compounds, and drugs. The scaffold must provide a microenvironment with increased regenerative potential at the damage site. Magnetic nanoparticles are linked to an intrinsic magnetic field, and when they are incorporated into biomimetic scaffold structures, they can sustain osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and angiogenesis. Some studies have shown that combining ferromagnetic or superparamagnetic nanoparticles and external stimuli such as an electromagnetic field or laser light can enhance osteogenesis and angiogenesis and even lead to cancer cell death. These therapies are based on in vitro and in vivo studies and could be included in clinical trials for large bone defect regeneration and cancer treatments in the near future. We highlight the scaffolds’ main attributes and focus on natural and synthetic polymeric biomaterials combined with magnetic nanoparticles and their production methods. Then, we underline the structural and morphological aspects of the magnetic scaffolds and their mechanical, thermal, and magnetic properties. Great attention is devoted to the magnetic field effects on bone cells, biocompatibility, and osteogenic impact of the polymeric scaffolds reinforced with magnetic nanoparticles. We explain the biological processes activated due to magnetic particles’ presence and underline their possible toxic effects. We present some studies regarding animal tests and potential clinical applications of magnetic polymeric scaffolds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles'

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