Journal articles: 'Biodegradable nanocomposites'

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Abdullah, Abu Hannifa, Kamal Yusoh, Mohamad Faiz Mohamed Yatim, Siti Amirah Nor Effendi, and Wan Siti Noorhashimah W. Kamaruzaman. "Characterization Copper (II) Chloride Modified Montmorillonite filled PLA Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.13.

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The thermal behaviour of polymer layered silicate nanocomposite were characterised to compare the improvement of the nanocomposite with the pristine polymer. It is known that pristine polymers have some weakness in its thermal properties especially biodegradable polymers. The approach of making the nanocomposite out of modified layered silicate and biodegradable polymer is to enhance the thermal behaviour of the biodegradable polymer. The nanocomposites were produced by solution method technique using dichloromethane as a solvent and the two types of nanoclay were used. One was modified with transition metal ion and another type of nanoclay is pristine nanoclay. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterise the structure of the nanoclay after the modification and the type of nanocomposite obtained. Melting temperature and degradation temperature of the nanocomposite were obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. Decrease in both thermal degradation temperature and melting temperature of the nanocomposites were observed.

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Wong, Ka Wai, Xing Hua Li, Novem C. Y. Lam, and Kimmy Mui Chan. "Luminous Chitosan-Dye Nanocomposite Particles with Enhanced Lifetime and Stability." Materials Science Forum 722 (June 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.722.87.

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Nanoparticular chitosan-dye nanocomposites were prepared by a facile ionotropic gelation, which show a much improved stability against UV and ozone attack. The nanocomposites do not contain any toxic material. Also, as natural occurring biopolymeric chitosan is used as the matrix material, the nanocomposite is biocompatible and biodegradable with high bioaffinity. After suitable bioconjugation, the developed luminous chitosan-dye nanocomposites can be used as target biolabels in various medical and biomedical applications.

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Nayak, S. K. "Biodegradable PBAT/Starch Nanocomposites." Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 49, no. 14 (November 23, 2010): 1406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2010.496397.

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Sinha Ray, Suprakas, Kazunobu Yamada, Masami Okamoto, and Kazue Ueda. "Biodegradable Polylactide/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2003.220.

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Punte, G., A. E. Bianchi, I. L. Torriani, P. Eisenberg, A. Botana, M. Mollo, and R. M. T. Sanchez. "Biodegradable polymer-clay nanocomposites." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C681—C682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767311082754.

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Rouf, Tahrima B., and Jozef L. Kokini. "Biodegradable biopolymer–graphene nanocomposites." Journal of Materials Science 51, no. 22 (August 8, 2016): 9915–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0238-4.

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Wang, Bing Tao, Yan Zhang, and Zheng Ping Fang. "Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Aliphatic-Aromatic Copolyesters Nanocomposites Containing POSS." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2028.

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Biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters/POSS nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ melt copolycondensation of terephthalic acid (TPA), poly(L-lactic acid) oligomer (OLLA), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) reagents (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS reagents in the nanocomposites and their effects on the mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. TEM and XRD characterizations confirmed that POSS-NH2 formed crystalline microaggregates and took poor dispersions in the nanocomposite, while POSS-PEG had better dispersion in the matrix. Due to the good dispersion and interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the copolyester PBTL matrix, the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus greatly increased for PBTL/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, compared with POSS-NH2 the existence of POSS-PEG imparted PBTL good flexibility and increased the mobility of the chains, so the glass-transition temperature and the heat of melting as well as the elongation at break were obviously influenced for PBTL/POSS-PEG nanocomposite.

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Park, Ji Soon, Ji Won Rhim, Jae Sik Na, and Sang Yong Nam. "Preparation of Properties of Biodegradable Membranes Using Natural Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite for the Application of Dehumidification." Materials Science Forum 544-545 (May 2007): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.544-545.805.

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Biodegradable chitosan/clay nanocomposite membranes were prepared by solution casting method for the application of dehumidification. The cationic biopolymer, chitosan was intercalated into clay through cationic exchange and hydrogen bonding process. Diluted acetic acid was used as a solvent for dissolving and dispersing chitosan into clays. Chitosan was successfully intercalated into clay and it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction method. Thermal stability and the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites are characterized by TGA and Universal Testing Machine. Thermal stability and mechanical properties were enhanced by increasing clay contents in chitosan/clay nanocomposites. Gas permeation and water vapor permeation properties of the nanocomposites were measured by time-lag methods. Permeability of N2 gas and water vapor through chitosan/clay nanocomposite membranes decreased when the content of clay in the nanocomposite increased.

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Paramith, Tika, Johnner P Sitompul, and Hyung Woo Lee. "The effect of organobentonites from spent bleaching earth (SBE) and commercial bentonite on nanocomposite properties." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 5, 2018): 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15317.

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This paper concerns on synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and clays. Two types of clays were regenerated organobentonite and commercial organobentonite. PLA and clays were melt extruded using single-screw extruder. The extruded compound was pelletized, then hot pressed using compression molding machine. Regenerated organobentonite was obtained from regeneration of spent bleaching earth (SBE) using solvent extraction and oxidation method. Afterwards, regenerated SBE modified by organic compound. While, commercial organobentonite was directly modified of commercial bentonite using organic compound. In this study, nanocomposites were prepared with varying compositions of clays from 0% to 5% (by weight). Experimental results show that partially exfoliated nanocomposites structure was shown by X-ray diffraction analyses. In addition, the effect of clays on morphology structure, mechanical, barrier, and biodegradable properties were analyzed. The utilization of clays in nanocomposite increases mechanical properties at low clay compositions. Furthermore, PLA-clay nanocomposites show better barrier and biodegradable properties compared to that of the neat PLA.

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Chen, Na Li, Hui Xia Feng, He Ming Luo, Dan Zhao, and Jian Hui Qiu. "Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid)/Organic-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 87-88 (December 2009): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.87-88.422.

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In this work, the biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/organic-montmorillonite (O-MMT) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by the in situ polymerization intercalation process of D,L-lactide with organically-modified montmorillonite which was first treated by Cu cations and second treated by n-hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) cations. O-MMT was characterized by FT-IR and XRD, the results showed that Cu cations and CTAB cations had been inserted to the interlayer of MMT, and the interlayer spacing of CTAB-Cu-MMT (O-MMT) increased by 1.829nm. The biodegradable PLA/O-MMT nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, TG, and the results showed that silicate layers were intercalated into the PLA matrix and the biodegradable PLA/O-MMT nanocomposites were of two different types: intercalated nanocomposites and exfoliated nanocomposites. This new nanocomposites frequently exhibited remarkable improvements when compared with the neat PLA matrix. Improvements could include increased heat distortion temperature, an increase in the biodegradability rate of biodegradable polymers.

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Armentano, Ilaria, Debora Puglia, Francesca Luzi, Carla Arciola, Francesco Morena, Sabata Martino, and Luigi Torre. "Nanocomposites Based on Biodegradable Polymers." Materials 11, no. 5 (May 15, 2018): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11050795.

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Pandey, Jitendra K., A. Pratheep Kumar, Manjusri Misra, Amar K. Mohanty, Lawrence T. Drzal, and Raj Palsingh. "Recent Advances in Biodegradable Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 497–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.111.

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Janigová, Ivica, František Lednický, Daniela Jochec Mošková, and Ivan Chodák. "Nanocomposites with Biodegradable Polycaprolactone Matrix." Macromolecular Symposia 301, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.201150301.

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Bari, Sarang S., Aniruddha Chatterjee, and Satyendra Mishra. "Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites: An overview." Polymer Reviews 56, no. 2 (January 8, 2016): 287–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583724.2015.1118123.

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Xing, Zhi-Cai, Seung-Jin Han, Yong-Suk Shin, and Inn-Kyu Kang. "Fabrication of Biodegradable Polyester Nanocomposites by Electrospinning for Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2011 (2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/929378.

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Recently, nanocomposites have emerged as an efficient strategy to upgrade the structural and functional properties of synthetic polymers. Polyesters have attracted wide attention because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility. A logic consequence has been the introduction of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, organic or inorganic nanostructures to biodegradable polymers to produce nanocomposites with enhanced properties. Consequently, the improvement of the interfacial adhesion between biodegradable polymers and natural ECM molecules or nanostructures has become the key technique in the fabrication of nanocomposites. Electrospinning has been employed extensively in the design and development of tissue engineering scaffolds to generate nanofibrous substrates of synthetic biodegradable polymers and to simulate the cellular microenvironment. In this paper, several types of biodegradable polyester nanocomposites were prepared by electrospinning, with the aim of being used as tissue engineering scaffolds. The combination of biodegradable nanofibrous polymers and natural ECM molecules or nanostructures opens new paradigms for tissue engineering applications.

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Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, and Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil. "A Short Review on the Effect of Surfactants on the Mechanico-Thermal Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 16, 2020): 4867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144867.

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The recent growth of nanotechnology consciousness has enhanced the attention of researchers on the utilization of polymer nanocomposites. Nanocomposite have widely been made by using synthetic, natural, biosynthetic, and synthetic biodegradable polymers with nanofillers. Nanofillers are normally modified with surfactants for increasing the mechanico-thermal properties of the nanocomposites. In this short review, two types of polymer nanocomposites modified by surfactants are classified, specifically surfactant-modified inorganic nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites and surfactant-modified organic nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites. Moreover, three types of surfactants, specifically non-ionic, anionic, and cationic surfactants that are frequently used to modify the nanofillers of polymer nanocomposites are also described. The effect of surfactants on mechanico-thermal properties of the nanocomposites is shortly reviewed. This review will capture the interest of polymer composite researchers and encourage the further enhancement of new theories in this research field.

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Wang, Bing Tao, Ping Zhang, and De Gao. "PLA-Based Biodegradable Copolyester Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 380 (November 2011): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.380.290.

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In situ melt copolycondensation was proposed to prepare biodegradable copolyester nanocomposites based on degradable components poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), rigid segments poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and nanoparticles polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS nanoparticles (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG) in the copolyester PLABT matrix and their effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the morphologies and dispersions of POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG showed quite different characteristics. POSS-PEG took better dispersion in the PLABT, while POSS-NH2 had poor dispersions and formed crystalline microaggregates. Due to the good dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the matrix, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus were greatly improved from 6.4 and 9.6 MPa for neat PLABT up to 11.2 and 70.7 MPa for PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, the incorporation of POSS-PEG could impart macromolecular chains good flexibility and improve the mobility of the chains, so the the elongation at break of PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite dramatically increased from 190 to 350 % compared with neat PLABT.

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Attaran, Seyed Ahmad, Azman Hassan, and Mat Uzir Wahit. "Materials for food packaging applications based on bio-based polymer nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 2 (June 2, 2015): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715588801.

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Concerns about environmental waste problems caused by non-biodegradable petrochemical-based plastic packaging materials as well as consumer demand for high-quality food products have led to increased interest in the development of biodegradable packaging materials using annually renewable natural biopolymers. Inherent shortcomings of natural polymer-based packaging materials such as low mechanical properties and low barrier properties can be recovered by applying nanocomposite technology. Polymer nanocomposites, especially natural biopolymer-layered silicate nanocomposites, exhibit markedly improved packaging properties due to large nanoparticle surface area and their significant aspect ratios. Additionally, natural biopolymer is susceptible to microorganisms, resulting in good biodegradability, which is one of the most promising aspects of its incorporation in packaging materials and industries. The present review article explains the various categories of nanoclay and bio-based polymer-based composites with particular regard to their application as packaging materials. It also gives an overview of the most recent advances and emerging new aspects of nanotechnology for development of composites for environmentally compatible food packaging materials.

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Lim, Sung T., Yang H. Hyun, Hyoung J. Choi, and Myung S. Jhon. "Synthetic Biodegradable Aliphatic Polyester/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites." Chemistry of Materials 14, no. 4 (April 2002): 1839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm010377j.

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Maiti, Pralay, Carl A. Batt, and Emmanuel P. Giannelis. "New Biodegradable Polyhydroxybutyrate/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites." Biomacromolecules 8, no. 11 (November 2007): 3393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bm700500t.

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Lule, Zelalem, and Jooheon Kim. "Surface Modification of Aluminum Nitride to Fabricate Thermally Conductive poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposite." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010148.

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Biodegradable polymers and their composites are considered promising materials for replacing conventional polymer plastics in various engineering fields. In this study, poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composites filled with 5% aluminum nitride nanoparticles were successfully fabricated. The aluminum nitride nanoparticles were surface-modified to improve their interaction with the PBS matrix. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanocomposites with surface-modified nanoparticles had better interface interaction and dispersion in the polymer matrix than those with untreated nanoparticles. The PBS/modified AlN nanocomposites exhibited maximal thermal conductivity enhancement, 63.7%, compared to the neat PBS. In addition, other thermomechanical properties of the PBS nanocomposites were investigated in this study. The nanocomposites also showed a superior storage modulus compared to the neat PBS matrix. In this work, a PBS nanocomposite with suitable thermal conductivity that can be used in various electronic fields was fabricated.

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Sahoo, Prafulla K., Trinath Biswal, and Ramakanta Samal. "Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Biodegradable Water Absorbent Polyacrylonitrile/Montmorillonite Clay Nanocomposite." Journal of Nanotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/143973.

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/Montmorillonite (MMT) clay nanocomposite was prepared in a microwave oven using a transition metal Co(III) complex taking ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator with a motive of converting hydrophobic PAN into hydrophilic nanocomposite material via nanotechnology by the inclusion of MMT to the virgin polymer. UV-visible spectral analysis revealed various interactions between the developed complex with other reaction components. The formation of the PAN/MMT nanocomposites was characterized by FTIR. Furthermore, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the composite so obtained was found to have nano-order. XRD and TEM were suggesting that montmorillonite layers were exfoliated during the polymerization process. An increasing in the thermal stability for the developed nanocomposite was recorded by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water absorption and biodegradation properties were carried out for its ecofriendly nature and better commercialization.

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Patel, Vivek. "Preparation and Characterization of Biodegradable and Compatible Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Blend Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Research 67 (April 2009): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.67.185.

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Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) clay nanocomposites were prepared through melt intercalation technique using Haake Rheocord 9000 batch mixer with two different organically modified clays (Cloisite 30B & Cloisite 20A) at different weight percentages (1-7 wt %).The EVA/TPS ratio of 70: 30 was taken as optimum blend ratio as evidenced from the mechanical strength and chosen for the nanocomposites preparation in the presence of MA-g-PE as a compatibilizer. The maize starch was plasticized and gelatinized by adding glycerol and water in the ratio of 70:20:10.The blend nanocomposites have been examined by various techniques for characterization. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) result shows that the crystallization temperature of the nanocomposite blends is significantly lower than the base blend. Addition of 30 wt % of modified starch to make EVA/TPS blend; there is deterioration of impact strength, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break which was significantly increased after incorporation of small quantity (1-7 wt %) of nanoclay. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal stability of blend nanocomposites were better than those of EVA/TPS blend.

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Relinque, J., A. de León, J. Hernández-Saz, M. García-Romero, Francisco Navas-Martos, G. Morales-Cid, and S. Molina. "Development of Surface-Coated Polylactic Acid/Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PLA/PHA) Nanocomposites." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030400.

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This work reports on the design and development of nanocomposites based on a polymeric matrix containing biodegradable Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) coated with either Graphite NanoPlatelets (GNP) or silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Nanocomposites were obtained by mechanical mixing under mild conditions and low load contents (<0.10 wt %). This favours physical adhesion of the additives onto the polymer surface, while the polymeric bulk matrix remains unaffected. Nanocomposite characterisation was performed via optical and focused ion beam microscopy, proving these nanocomposites are selectively modified only on the surface, leaving bulk polymer unaffected. Processability of these materials was proven by the fabrication of samples via injection moulding and mechanical characterisation. Nanocomposites showed enhanced Young modulus and yield strength, as well as better thermal properties when compared with the unmodified polymer. In the case of AgNP coated nanocomposites, the surface was found to be optically active, as observed in the increase of the resolution of Raman spectra, acquired at least 10 times, proving these nanocomposites are promising candidates as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates.

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Liu, Haichao, Ranran Jian, Hongbo Chen, Xiaolong Tian, Changlong Sun, Jing Zhu, Zhaogang Yang, Jingyao Sun, and Chuansheng Wang. "Application of Biodegradable and Biocompatible Nanocomposites in Electronics: Current Status and Future Directions." Nanomaterials 9, no. 7 (June 29, 2019): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9070950.

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With the continuous increase in the production of electronic devices, large amounts of electronic waste (E-waste) are routinely being discarded into the environment. This causes serious environmental and ecological problems because of the non-degradable polymers, released hazardous chemicals, and toxic heavy metals. The appearance of biodegradable polymers, which can be degraded or dissolved into the surrounding environment with no pollution, is promising for effectively relieving the environmental burden. Additionally, biodegradable polymers are usually biocompatible, which enables electronics to be used in implantable biomedical applications. However, for some specific application requirements, such as flexibility, electric conductivity, dielectric property, gas and water vapor barrier, most biodegradable polymers are inadequate. Recent research has focused on the preparation of nanocomposites by incorporating nanofillers into biopolymers, so as to endow them with functional characteristics, while simultaneously maintaining effective biodegradability and biocompatibility. As such, bionanocomposites have broad application prospects in electronic devices. In this paper, emergent biodegradable and biocompatible polymers used as insulators or (semi)conductors are first reviewed, followed by biodegradable and biocompatible nanocomposites applied in electronics as substrates, (semi)conductors and dielectrics, as well as electronic packaging, which is highlighted with specific examples. To finish, future directions of the biodegradable and biocompatible nanocomposites, as well as the challenges, that must be overcome are discussed.

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de Carvalho Arjona, Jéssica, Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz, Hélio Wiebeck, Wang Shu Hui, and Maria das Graças da Silva-Valenzuela. "Physical Properties of PHB/VMF2 Nanocomposite Microcapsules in Water." Materials Science Forum 930 (September 2018): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.930.190.

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The characterization of nanocomposites microcapsules made of biodegradable polymers is really important to science and technology, as different systems can be produced targeting unique properties. The aim of this study is to prepare and to evaluate oil loaded PHB/VMF2 microcapsules’ behavior in water. The microcapsules were analyzed by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The biodegradable nanocomposite present exfoliated clay (XRD) whose absorption at 989 cm-1(FTIR) indicates the Si-O stretching vibration, from VMF2. The microcapsules observed by SEM presented spherical shapes and some average diameters from 12 μm to 35 μm, depending on the composition of the shell and the presence or absence of the encapsulated oil. Compared to microcapsules’ shell made from PHB, those from the nanocomposite PHB/VMF2 proved to display better mechanical resistance thus very few fractured particles were observed by SEM.

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Arthisree, D., Girish M. Joshi, and Annamalai Senthil Kumar. "Morphology and Admittance Spectroscopy of Cellulose Acetate/Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposites." International Journal of Nanoscience 17, no. 01n02 (October 12, 2017): 1760006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x17600067.

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considered as fascinating materials feasible for biological, optoelectronic devices, energy and environmental applications. Casting nanocomposite films for technological application is a challenging research interest. Cellulose acetate (CA) is one of the most abundant, economic, environmental friendly and biodegradable biomaterials. It has been found that CA is a preferred composite matrix to prepare recasting films, due to its efficient antifouling feature. In the present investigation, we exhibited preparation of CA/GQD nanocomposite by solution blending as a function of GQD loading 0.1–0.5[Formula: see text]wt.%. Morphology and electrical properties were examined as a function of GQD loading. The nanocomposite was characterized by impedance spectroscopy, and the measured admittance ([Formula: see text]) was plotted against temperature across broadband frequency. The magnitude of [Formula: see text] exhibits direct relation under the varying temperature. The morphology of the nanocomposites was observed by atomic force microscope technique in contact mode. Collective observation from our results is that it can be revealed that CA/GQD nanocomposites are suitable for thermal sensing applications.

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Chen, Na Li, Hui Xia Feng, Jing Wei Guo, He Ming Luo, and Jian Hui Qiu. "Biodegradable Poly(lactic Acid)/TDI-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites: Preparation and Characterization." Advanced Materials Research 221 (March 2011): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.211.

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Activated montmorillonite(MMT) was modified by toluene diisocyanate(TDI) and TDI-montmorillonite(TDI-MMT) was prepared. The characterization of TDI-MMT was carried out by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The results showed that TDI had been inserted to the interlayer of MMT and the interlayer spacing of MMT increased by 0.26nm. With stannous chloride as catalyst, the biodegradable polylactide acid/TDI-montmorillonite(PLA/TDI-MMT) nanocomposites were synthesized through ring-opening polymerization of lactide in the layer of TDI-MMT by in-situ polymerization. The structure and thermal stability of nanocomposites were investigated by XRD, FT-IR and thermogravimetry (TG). Exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained as shown by XRD results. FT-IR spectra confirmed that TDI-MMT participated in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide. TG analysis indicated the decomposition temperature of nanocomposites rose and the thermal stability was improved contrast to the neat PLA. The effect of the content of TDI-MMT on the molecular weight and thermal stability of nanocomposites was studied. With the increase of the proportion of TDI-MMT, the molecular weight of resultant nanocomposites decreased and the decomposition temperature rose at the range of experiment research.

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Raquez, J. M., Y. Nabar, R. Narayan, and P. Dubois. "New Developments in Biodegradable Starch-based Nanocomposites." International Polymer Processing 22, no. 5 (December 2007): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.2076.

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Swain, S. K., I. Gotman, and E. Y. Gutmanas. "Vancomycin release from biodegradable βTCP-FeAg nanocomposites." Materials Letters 252 (October 2019): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.05.143.

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Mittal, Vikas, and Khalid Al Zaabi. "Biodegradable polyester nanocomposites: Phase miscibility and properties." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 130, no. 1 (March 19, 2013): 516–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39206.

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García, Nancy L., Laura Ribba, Alain Dufresne, Mirta I. Aranguren, and Silvia Goyanes. "Physico-Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Starch Nanocomposites." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 294, no. 3 (March 12, 2009): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200800271.

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Ivanova, Tatjana, Nadezda Lilichenko, Janis Zicans, and Robert D. Maksimov. "Starch Based Biodegradable Nanocomposites: Structure and Properties." Solid State Phenomena 151 (April 2009): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.151.150.

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Plasticized starch (PS)/montmorillonite clay (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by casting technique. Structural features, stress-strain characteristics and sorption properties were investigated. Upon introduction of rather small amounts of MMT, the PS parameters of the mechanical and barrier properties considerably improve. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the materials examined decrease with increased moisture content, but the effect of reinforcement of PS with MMT nanoparticles remain intact.

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Fray, Miroslawa El. "Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites from Biodegradable Thermoplastic Elastomers." Advanced Engineering Materials 11, no. 5 (May 2009): B35—B40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200800333.

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Sharipova, Aliya, Ronald E. Unger, Alejandro Sosnik, and Elazar Gutmanas. "Dense drug-eluting biodegradable Fe-Ag nanocomposites." Materials & Design 204 (June 2021): 109660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109660.

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Bujok, Sonia, Jiří Hodan, and Hynek Beneš. "Effects of Immobilized Ionic Liquid on Properties of Biodegradable Polycaprolactone/LDH Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Polymerization and Melt-Blending Techniques." Nanomaterials 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050969.

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The high capacity of calcinated layered double hydroxides (LDH) to immobilize various active molecules together with their inherent gas/vapor impermeability make these nanoparticles highly promising to be applied as nanofillers for biodegradable polyester packaging. Herein, trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium decanoate ionic liquid (IL) was immobilized on the surface of calcinated LDH. Thus, the synthesized nanoparticles were used for the preparation of polycaprolactone (PCL)/LDH nanocomposites. Two different methods of nanocomposite preparation were used and compared: microwave-assisted in situ ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (εCL) and melt-blending. The in situ ROP of εCL in the presence of LDH nanoparticles with the immobilized IL led to homogenous nanofiller dispersion in the PCL matrix promoting formation of large PCL crystallites, which resulted in the improved mechanical, thermal and gas/water vapor barrier properties of the final nanocomposite. The surface-bonded IL thus acted as nanofiller surfactant, compatibilizer, as well as thermal stabilizer of the PCL/LDH nanocomposites. Contrary to that, the melt-blending caused a partial degradation of the immobilized IL and led to the production of PCL nanocomposites with a heterogenous nanofiller dispersion having inferior mechanical and gas/water vapor barrier properties.

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Coronado Jorge, Manuel Fernando, Elisabete M. C. Alexandre, Christian Humberto Caicedo Flaker, Ana Mônica Quinta Barbosa Bittante, and Paulo José do Amaral Sobral. "Biodegradable Films Based on Gelatin and Montmorillonite Produced by Spreading." International Journal of Polymer Science 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/806791.

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The main objective of this research was to study the properties of gelatin-based nanocomposites reinforced with the montmorillonite (MMT). The gelatin-based nanocomposites were prepared with solutions of 5 g of gelatin/100 g of film-forming solution, 0–10 g of montmorillonite/100 g of gelatin, and 30 g of glycerol/100 g of gelatin and were stored for 7 days at 58% relative humidity or in silica gel, depending on the type of assay. The reinforcement of gelatin-based nanocomposites with montmorillonite increased their thickness and decreased the moisture content. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased revealing more resistant and rigid nanocomposites. The increase in MMT concentration slightly changed the X-ray diffraction spectra indicating some loss of crystallinity and reinforced films presented less homogeneous structures. The montmorillonite concentration had not a clear effect on the thermal properties and FTIR spectra of nanocomposites were very similar to separated compounds.

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Larsson, Mikael, Anna Bergstrand, Lilyan Mesiah, Celine Van Vooren, and Anette Larsson. "Nanocomposites of Polyacrylic Acid Nanogels and Biodegradable Polyhydroxybutyrate for Bone Regeneration and Drug Delivery." Journal of Nanomaterials 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/371307.

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Biodegradable cell scaffolds and local drug delivery to stimulate cell response are currently receiving much scientific attention. Here we present a nanocomposite that combines biodegradation with controlled release of lithium, which is known to enhance bone growth. Nanogels of lithium neutralized polyacrylic acid were synthesized by microemulsion-templated polymerization and were incorporated into a biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) matrix. Nanogel size was characterized using dynamic light scattering, and the nanocomposites were characterized with regard to structure using scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties using tensile testing, permeability using tritiated water, and lithium release in PBS using a lithium specific electrode. The nanogels were well dispersed in the composites and the mechanical properties were good, with a decrease in elastic modulus being compensated by increased tolerance to strain in the wet state. Approximately half of the lithium was released over about three hours, with the remaining fraction being trapped in the PHB for subsequent slow release during biodegradation. The prepared nanocomposites seem promising for use as dual functional scaffolds for bone regeneration. Here lithium ions were chosen as model drug, but the nanogels could potentially act as carriers for larger and more complex drugs, possibly while still carrying lithium.

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He, Hailing, Yuezhao Pang, Zhiwei Duan, Na Luo, and Zhenqing Wang. "The Strengthening and Toughening of Biodegradable Poly (Lactic Acid) Using the SiO2-PBA Core–Shell Nanoparticle." Materials 12, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 2510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12162510.

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The balance of strengthening and toughening of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has been an intractable challenge of PLA nanocomposite development for many years. In this paper, core–shell nanoparticles consisting of a silica rigid core and poly (butyl acrylate) (PBA) flexible shell were incorporated to achieve the simultaneous enhancement of the strength and toughness of PLA. The effect of core–shell nanoparticles on the tensile, flexural and Charpy impact properties of PLA nanocomposite were experimentally investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements were performed to investigate the toughening mechanisms of nanocomposites. The experimental results showed that the addition of core–shell nanoparticles can improve the stiffness and strength of PLA. Meanwhile, its elongation at break, tensile toughness and impact resistance were enhanced simultaneously. These observations can be attributed to the cavitation of the flexible shell in core–shell nanoparticles and the resultant shear yielding of the matrix. In addition, a three-dimensional finite element model was also proposed to illustrate the damage processes of core–shell nanoparticle-reinforced polymer composites. It was found that, compared with the experimental performance, the proposed micromechanical model is favorable to illustrate the mechanical behavior of nanocomposites.

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Bardot, Madison, and Michael D. Schulz. "Biodegradable Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites for Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122567.

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3D printing by fused deposition modelling (FDM) enables rapid prototyping and fabrication of parts with complex geometries. Unfortunately, most materials suitable for FDM 3D printing are non-degradable, petroleum-based polymers. The current ecological crisis caused by plastic waste has produced great interest in biodegradable materials for many applications, including 3D printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA), in particular, has been extensively investigated for FDM applications. However, most biodegradable polymers, including PLA, have insufficient mechanical properties for many applications. One approach to overcoming this challenge is to introduce additives that enhance the mechanical properties of PLA while maintaining FDM 3D printability. This review focuses on PLA-based nanocomposites with cellulose, metal-based nanoparticles, continuous fibers, carbon-based nanoparticles, or other additives. These additives impact both the physical properties and printability of the resulting nanocomposites. We also detail the optimal conditions for using these materials in FDM 3D printing. These approaches demonstrate the promise of developing nanocomposites that are both biodegradable and mechanically robust.

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Hashim, A., and A. Hadi. "Novel Pressure Sensors Made from Nanocomposites (Biodegradable Polymers–Metal Oxide Nanoparticles): Fabrication and Characterization." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 63, no. 8 (September 7, 2018): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe63.8.754.

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This paper aims to the preparation of novel pressure-sensitive nanocomposites with low cost, light weight, and good sensitivity. The nanocomposites of polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, and lead oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. The dielectric properties and dc electrical conductivity of (PVA–PAA–PbO2) nanocomposites have been studied. The dielectric properties of nanocomposites were measured in the frequency range (100 Hz–5 MHz). The experimental results showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of (PVA–PAA–PbO2) nanocomposites decrease, as the frequency increases, and they increase with the concentrations of PbO2 nanoparticles. The ac electrical conductivity of (PVA–PAA–PbO2) nanocomposites increases with the frequency and the concentrations of PbO2 nanoparticles. The dc electrical conductivity of (PVA–PAA–PbO2) nanocomposites also increases with the concentrations of PbO2 nanoparticles. The application of pressure-sensitive nanocomposites has been examined in the pressure interval (60–200) bar. The results showed that the electrical resistance of (PVA–PAA–PbO2) pressure-sensitive nanocomposites decreases, as the compressive stress increases. The (PVA–PAA–PbO2) nanocomposites have high sensitivity to pressure.

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Noshirvani, Nooshin, Babak Ghanbarzadeh, Hadi Fasihi, and Hadi Almasi. "Starch–PVA Nanocomposite Film Incorporated with Cellulose Nanocrystals and MMT: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Food Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2015-0145.

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Abstract The goal of this work was to compare the barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of two types of starch–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and nanocrystalline cellulose were chosen as nanoreinforcements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test showed well-distributed MMT in the starch–PVA matrix, possibly implying that the clay nanolayers formed an exfoliated structure. The moisture sorption, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) studies revealed that the addition of MMT and nanocrystalline cellulose reduced the moisture affinity of starch–PVA biocomposite. At the level of 7 % MMT, the nanocomposite films showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (4.93 MPa) and the lowest strain to break (SB) (57.65 %). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an improvement in thermal properties for the starch–PVA–MMT nanocomposites, but not for the starch–PVA–NCC nanocomposites. Results of this study demonstrated that the use of MMT in the fabrication of starch–PVA nanocomposites is more favorable than that of nanocrystalline cellulose to produce a desirable biodegradable film for food packaging applications.

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da Silva-Valenzuela, Maria Graças, Shu Hui Wang, Helio Wiebeck, and Francisco Rolando Valenzuela-Díaz. "Nanocomposite Microcapsules from Powders of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and Smectite Clays." Materials Science Forum 660-661 (October 2010): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.660-661.794.

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Drug delivery systems involving microcapsules provide an attractive way to improve the performance of many chemical and biological substances. These systems may be used for several industrial segments, especially medical, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. PHB is a polyhydroxyalkanoate available in powder form, biocompatible, biodegradable and inert towards animal tissues. The obtained PHB/smectite clay nanocomposite improved the physical-chemical properties of PHB, including its biodegradability. In this work, we describe the preparation of microcapsules from two nanocomposites systems: a) PHB and Cloisite 20A organoclay (PHB1) and b) PHB and natural Brazilian green policationic clay (PHB2). When analyzed by XRD, the films and microcapsules did not show a d(001) peak, demonstrating an exfoliated structure for the nanocomposites. The films have shown by SEM an homogeneous distribution with the clay mineral particles spread homogeneously by the PHB film. The new microcapsules/nanocomposites showed an “hydrangea” morphology. The diameter of the microcapsules was variable between 0.5-15 µm.

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Sha, Lili, Zhaofeng Chen, Zhou Chen, Aili Zhang, and Zhaogang Yang. "Polylactic Acid Based Nanocomposites: Promising Safe and Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Field." International Journal of Polymer Science 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6869154.

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Polylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in biological areas due to its excellent compatibility, bioabsorbability, and degradation behavior in human bodies. Pure polylactic acid has difficulty in meeting all the requirements that specific field may demand. Therefore, PLA based nanocomposites are extensively investigated over the past few decades. PLA based nanocomposites include PLA based copolymers in nanometer size and nanocomposites with PLA or PLA copolymers as matrix and nanofillers as annexing agent. The small scale effect and surface effect of nanomaterials help improve the properties of PLA and make PLA based nanocomposites more popular compared with pure PLA materials. This review mainly introduces different kinds of PLA based nanocomposites in recent researches that have great potential to be used in biomedical fields including bone substitute and repair, tissue engineering, and drug delivery system.

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Isa, Muhammad Rafiq Mohd, Aziz Hassan, Nur Afifah Nordin, Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir, and Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak. "Mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of montmorillonite-modified polyhydroxybutyrate composites." High Performance Polymers 32, no. 2 (March 2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008319899721.

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Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a bio-derived and biodegradable polyester, has the potential to be a substitute for traditional polymers. PHB was modified with montmorillonite (MMT), a nanoclay, with the aim of improving its mechanical properties. The clay dispersion, mechanical, rheological and thermal properties of untreated and acid-treated MMT-modified PHB nanocomposites were investigated. Nanocomposite specimens at three different clay loading were prepared using extruder and injection moulding machine. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping revealed that nanocomposites with clay content of 3 phr exhibited better dispersion compared to nanocomposites with higher clay content. The mechanical properties of the MMT-modified PHB, such as the tensile and flexural modulus, were enhanced when compared to neat PHB. From rheology, PHB and PHB nanocomposites modified with untreated MMT exhibited Newtonian fluid behaviour in the tested frequency range. However, for nanocomposites modified with acid-treated MMT, shear thinning behaviour was observed at higher clay content. The nanocomposites also exhibited higher complex viscosity compared to PHB. From transmission electron microscopy analysis, exfoliation of the MMT was observed for the treated MMT nanocomposites at all clay loading. MMT-modified PHB has lower melting temperature when compared to neat PHB. Furthermore, it was found that the addition of MMT influenced the crystallisation behaviour of PHB. The presence of acid-treated MMT also reduced the degree of crystallinity with increasing clay content.

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Kausar, Ayesha. "A review of high performance polymer nanocomposites for packaging applications in electronics and food industries." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 36, no. 1 (May 19, 2019): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087919849459.

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This article addresses advances in polymeric nanocomposites for packaging applications. Synthetic and biodegradable polymers have been reinforced with carbon nanotube, graphite, graphene and derived nanofiller, nanoclay, and inorganic nanoparticles to form high performance packaging materials. Polymeric nanocomposites possess markedly improved packaging properties including oxygen permeability, moisture permeability, barrier properties, solvent resistance, thermal stability, biological features, anti-microbial characteristics, non-flammability, and mechanical robustness. Performance of nanocomposite films and packaging is dependent on how well the nanofiller is dispersed in matrices. Modified nanofillers have been used to impart the desired functional properties to the packaging materials. Technical packaging applications in electronics and food and beverage industries are discussed. Using appropriate polymer, functional nanofiller, and fabrication techniques may represent inspiring routes for creating innovative packaging materials with enhanced mechanical, thermal, and barrier performances.

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Wang, Guang Shuo, Zhi Yong Wei, Lian Liu, Pei Wang, and Min Qi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly (ε-caprolactone)/ TiO₂ Nanocomposites Obtained by In Situ Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1533.

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The novel biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified-TiO2 nanoparticles as initiator. The molecular weight of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix was dependent on the amount of the TiO2 fillers. The incorporation of TiO2 did not significantly affect the crystalline structure of PCL. An astounding nucleating effect of TiO2 on PCL crystallization was observed. The enhanced thermal stability of PCL nanocomposites was observed. The novel biodegradable poly (ε-caprolactone)/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by in situ polymerization of ε-caprolactone in the presence of modified-TiO2 nanoparticles as initiator. The molecular weight of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix was dependent on the amount of the TiO2 fillers. The incorporation of TiO2 did not significantly affect the crystalline structure of PCL. An astounding nucleating effect of TiO2 on PCL crystallization was observed. The enhanced thermal stability of PCL nanocomposites was observed.

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Liao, Xia, Haichen Zhang, and Ting He. "Preparation of Porous Biodegradable Polymer and Its Nanocomposites by Supercritical CO2Foaming for Tissue Engineering." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/836394.

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Using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as an alternative to conventional methods in the preparation of porous biodegradable polymer and polymer/nanocomposites for tissue engineering has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the absence of using organic solvents and the ability to incorporate thermosensitive biologicals without loss of bioactivity. Additionally, scCO2can exert a high level of control over porosity and morphology of scaffolds by tuning the processing parameters. This paper describes the newly achievements on the preparation of porous polymer materials using scCO2foaming technology with focus on the porous biodegradable materials and its nanocomposites relevant to tissue engineering.

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Tematio, Charles, Mònica Bassas-Galia, Narcis Fosso, Vanessa Gaillard, Marc Mathieu, Manfred Zinn, Enrico M. Staderini, and Silvia Schintke. "Design and Characterization of Conductive Biopolymer Nanocomposite Electrodes for Medical Applications." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1921.

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Metal-based electrodes, despite being the most widely used for biomedical applications, are limited by a poor reliable skin-surface interface and patients suffer from comfort issues. The most common problems/inconveniences are caused by stiff electrodes, skin irritation, allergic reaction or corrosion. In order to overcome these problems, we produced and tested flexible electrodes involving biopolymer nanocomposite materials. Conductive polymers have been intensively studied and applied in the field of organic photovoltaics and flexible organic electronics. Recently, the use of conductive biopolymer nanocomposite has also emerged as an interesting and promising material for biomedical applications. In this study, we have designed and characterized electrodes made of a flexible and conductive nanocomposite material using a biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric matrix of poly (3-hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA, in particular poly (3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB) containing conductive nanowires. The biopolymer nanocomposites and their electrical conductivities were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrical four-point probing. The electrical conductivities obtained in the different PHA-polymer nanocomposites containing different concentrations of conductive additives is discussed in relation to the nanocomposite structure at the microscopic level. Finally, our developed biopolymer nanocomposite prototype electrodes have successfully been tested for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and electrocardiography ECG applications in comparison to conventional electrodes.

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da Silva, Gisele Rodrigues, Armando da Silva-Cunha, Francine Behar-Cohen, Eliane Ayres, and Rodrigo L. Oréfice. "Biodegradable polyurethane nanocomposites containing dexamethasone for ocular route." Materials Science and Engineering: C 31, no. 2 (March 2011): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2010.10.019.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Biodegradable nanocomposites'

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